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Development of Efficient Solid Waste Management System in a Town Area of Gujarat State : Mahisagar District

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Development of Efficient Solid Waste Management System in a Town Area of Gujarat State : Mahisagar District International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 11, Issue 6, June 2020, pp. 36-49, Article ID: IJARET_11_06_005 Available online athttp://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=11&Issue=6 ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499 DOI: 10.34218/IJARET.11.6.2020.005 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN A TOWN AREA OF GUJARAT STATE : MAHISAGAR DISTRICT Shubham Mahajan Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Parul Institute of Architecture and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Harshit Sadh Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Parul Institute of Architecture and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India Jaykumar Soni Civil Engineering Department, L.J. Institute of Engineering and Technology, LJK University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India ABSTRACT Urbanization leads directly to waste generation, and unscientific management of waste creates health risks and deterioration of the urban environment. Unlike Western countries, Asian cities' solid waste mostly consists of 70–80% organic matter, soil, and dust. With increasing urbanization, changing lifestyles, and increasing consumerism, solid waste management, which is already a mammoth task in India, will become more complicated. Financial constraints, structural deficiencies, poor technology choice, and public apathy to Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) have compounded that. The existing practice of unregulated waste disposal in the outskirts of cities/towns has created a significant environmental and public health crisis. This paper provides a study of MSW generation and composition in Lunawada town, Mahisagar district of India, including an overview of the current state of MSW management, an outline of existing problems in MSW processing, separation, recycling and disposal, and some suggestions for potential improvement of MSW systems. Key words: Management of Solid Waste, Municipal Solid Waste, Waste Collection, Processing and Transportation, Waste Dumping, Sustainability Cite this Article: Shubham Mahajan, Harshit Sadh and Jaykumar Soni, Development of Efficient Solid Waste Management System in a Town Area of Gujarat State : Mahisagar District, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 11(6), 2020, pp. 36-49. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=11&Issue=6 http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 36 [email protected] Development of Efficient Solid Waste Management System in a Town Area of Gujarat State : Mahisagar District 1. INTRODUCTION India, the second-highest populated nation in the world after China with a population of 1.21 billion (2011 statistics) comprising 17.5% of the global population, is a location where physical, climatic, geological, biological, economic, social and phonetic assorted diversity exists. The annual rate of urban population growth in India is 3.35 percent (India census, 2011). The level of urban population has risen from 17.35 percent in 1951 to 31.2 percent in 2011 (Census, 2011). The high rate of population growth, decreasing opportunities in the provincial zones and shifting from the stagnant and low-paying part of horticulture to all the more costly urban occupations contribute to the urbanization to a great extent. It is interesting to note that currently, 1 out of every three people live in urban areas, and it is estimated that as many as half of India's population will live in the next ten years. 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND EXISTING SCENARIO OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN LUNAWADA Lunawada is a municipality located in Gujarat's Mahisagar district. The city of Lunawada is divided into nine wards for which elections are held every five years. The Municipality of Lunawada has a population of 36,954, of which 19,166 are males, while 17,788 are females, according to the 2011 Census India report. Figure 1 Map of Lunawada http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 37 [email protected] Shubham Mahajan, Harshit Sadh and Jaykumar Soni Ahmedabad set up a dedicated heritage cell in 1996 to prepare a comprehensive plan for revitalizing the walled city. The incentive mechanism in the form of TDR was introduced by AUDA in 2013. This enables private residence owners in the walled city to sell a part of their utilized floor space index to developers at all locations within the city. The revenue generated by selling these air rights are utilized towards conservation. Apart from these, many heritage buildings are converted into homestays to attract tourists and for generating revenue. (Nayak) The current conservation model focuses only on buildings and precincts while neglecting many important socio-economic aspects like urban poverty and poverty of employment, adequate service delivery, community needs. All these aspects are closely linked to the quality of life of walled city residents, which, when failed to upgrade, results in the out-migration of people elsewhere in the city. 2.1. Ward wise Population and Literacy Rateof Lunawada A ward is a local area which is used for electoral purposes. There are total 9 wards where elections are held every 5 years. Table 1 Population Wise Literacy Rate Scenario in Lunawada Ward Population Literacy (%) Sex Ratio No. 1. 4668 83.5 875 2. 3490 74.9 975 3. 4503 77 1072 4. 3945 77 770 5. 4675 77.4 930 6. 3563 80.3 1069 7. 2999 85 911 8. 3859 83.1 904 9. 5252 66.5 898 (Source: Census 2011 Data - censusindia.gov.in) LITERACY RATE (%) 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 80 78 MALE FEMALE TOTAL Figure 2 Literacy Rate of Lunawada 2.2. Waste Management Situation of Study Area As per the data given by the I/C Sanitary Inspector, Mr. Dipak Parmar, for secondary waste storage, 13 community bins of 3 cubic meters capacity, and 30 community bins of 4.5 cubic meters are present. 30 out of 43 community bins do not have separate sections for segregated waste. Unavailability of small litter bins in commercial areas and absence of door to door http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 38 [email protected] Development of Efficient Solid Waste Management System in a Town Area of Gujarat State : Mahisagar District waste collection from each household results into people using community bins for waste disposal. 2.3. Quantification of Legacy Waste The city of Lunawada has seen annual growth of population by 19.08 % from 1971 to 1981, 24.57 % from 1981 to 1991, 19.34% from 1991 to 2001, and 10.74% from 2001 to 2011. Waste generation has also increased with the population. As per the primary data obtained, the waste collection per day in MT is as follows: ANNUAL WASTE COLLECTION (MT) 6 7 5 1 4 6 5 0 0 2 5 1 9 6 8 4 5 9 7 4 8 6 2 7 5 4 8 7 4 4 8 6 3 4 9 6 2 4 3 6 1 4 9 7 0 4 8 7 9 4 8 8 8 3 1 9 7 3 6 1 6 3 3 2 6 3 6 4 5 3 0 3 4 3 7 3 3 2 3 3 WASTE COLLECTION IN MT 1 9 9 92 0 0 02 0 0 12 0 0 22 0 0 32 0 0 42 0 0 52 0 0 62 0 0 7 2 0 0 82 0 0 9 2 0 1 02 0 1 12 0 1 22 0 1 3 2 0 1 42 0 1 5 2 0 1 62 0 1 72 0 1 8 YEARS (Source: LNP/2010-2021 DPR template) Figure 3 Annual Waste Collection Scenario of Lunawada Table 2 Legacy Waste Creation of Lunawada Year Annual Collection of Waste (in Per day collection (M.T) MT) 1999 3270 8.9 2000 3336 9.13 2001 3443 9.43 2002 3526 9.66 2003 3611 9.89 2004 3698 10.1 2005 3788 10.3 2006 3880 10.6 2007 3973 10.8 2008 4069 11.1 2009 4168 11.41 2010 4268 11.6 2011 4372 11.9 http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 39 [email protected] Shubham Mahajan, Harshit Sadh and Jaykumar Soni 2012 4472 12.2 2013 4585 12.5 2014 4696 12.8 2015 4810 13.17 2016 4926 13.4 2017 5045 13.7 2018 5176 13.8 2019 5210 14.0 2020 5296 14.1 2021 5333 14.2 (Source: LNP/2010-2021 DPR template) Out of total generated waste; the proportion of dry waste and wet waste are 8.7 % and 5.8 % respectively. The data regarding dry and wet waste are collected from the primary survey carried by sanitary. 2.4. Summary of Equipment and Vehicles The data regarding equipment and vehicles is gathered with the help of Mr. Dipak Parmar, the sanitary inspector. There is a total of 6 bins available with an estimated capacity of 15 kg, which can be used to collect the waste on the Door to Door basis. Still, none of them are currently present and operative. Only two tractors with trolly having the capacity of 1.5 MT are functional. The municipality has kept Nine mini tippers for the primary door to door waste collection. They cannot be used for collecting the waste from narrow streets due to more volume consumption. The Lunawada Nagarpalika claims 100 % door-to-door collection. However, it is witnessed while the primary survey that the town is incapable of delivering a 100% DtD waste collection. Mini tipper used for the initial collection is inadequate to locate the narrow streets of urban villages (gamtal). Waste collected by the mini tippers is always unsegregated. Segregation at source is not practiced in the city. The absence of daily door to door collection constrains people to deposit trash in and around community bins. Figure 4 Residential Areas of Lunawada http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 40 [email protected] Development of Efficient Solid Waste Management System in a Town Area of Gujarat State : Mahisagar District Figure 5 Residential Areas of Lunawada 2.5.
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