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Asian Workshop on Energy and Environmental Technologies, February 13, 2008 Bureau of Environment, Tokyo Metropolitan Government Solar Thermal System in Buildings - Solar thermal technology - Mitsuhiro Udagawa Professor Department of Architecture Kogakuin University Tokyo, Japan [email protected] 1 Solar Thermal Technology in Buildings Systems z Hot Water Heating z Space Heating z Cooling Components z Solar Collector z Solar Hot Water Heater 2 1 Development of Solar cooling (1974) Total Floor Area 127m2 Collector area: 102m2 Heat storage tank: 5m3 Absorption chiller: 7kW, 75 – 90 degrees C (Yazaki, Solar House One) 3 Solar Collector - Flat plate collector - 熱媒出口fluid outlet Transparent insulation Glass 透過体cover (plastic film)透明断熱材 Absorber集熱板 plate 固定金具Mounting hook Insulation断熱材 受熱箱Case 熱媒入口fluid inlet Super図３．太陽集熱器の構造 Blue Panel (Yazaki Corp.) 4 2 Solar Collector - Evacuated Tubular Collector - Evacuated Tubular Collectors on the top of the Tokyo International Forum 5 Solar Water Heater Tank 200-300L Collector 4-6m2 City water Cumulative installation: 5,000,0000 units Hot water Collector area: 3m2 Installation: 250,000-300,000Yen 6 Auxiliary Boiler 3 Solar Hot Water Heating system •Solar collector and Heat Storage tank •Pump with heat collection control system Collector 6-8m2 Differencial Heat storage thermostat Freeze free liquid tank Hot water City water Pump Auxiliary Boiler Tank 300-370L 7 Solar space heating system 1985 USH (Udagawa1985) Collector 12m2 Solar floor heating 8 4 USH Solar floor and DHW heating for single family house T Solar contribution Solar collector 1.19 m2 x 6 units : total 11.5 m2 (1985 – 2004) Titled angle : 60 degrees DHW: 50% Space heating: 50% Room air conditioner Pump controller Thermometer Thermometer Surge tank (72 liters) Valve switch CB T DHW supply Electric DHW heater TW Solar floor heating Pump 460 liters 300 mm thick concrete slab C C 50W x 2 2 2 2 T L(17m)D(9m)S(9m) 200 V T3 8.4 kW T2 TH Solar storage tank Switch valve 300 liters City water C : Calory meter 9 Solar House (Chiryu, Aichi Pref.) • Active + Passive Heating • Solar collector+floor heating and Tromb wall (Photo and drawing by Okamoto, Chiryu Heater) 10 5 OM Solar System Integrated solar house with air collector Solar collector (Glass cover) Solar collector Handling Box (w/o Glass cover) outdoor air hot air floor heating DHW tank Concrete slab hot air 11 (OM solar) Solar PV and Thermal Systems Solar PV House appeared (1990s) PV system with well insulated house and Solar DHW heating (Housing area near Akita City, Misawa Home Co.) 12 6 Hybrid Solar House 4 collectors + 24 PV modules (Yazaki Co.) 13 Solar Hot Water Heating System with PV pump PV module Collector 4m2 Water tank 200L (Yazaki Corp.) 14 7 Solar systems for apartment houses Noborito solar house, 1978 – Feasibility study by Japan Housing Corporation - 15 Solar apartment houses Chiryu City Kanazawa City - Examples of solar DHW system for multi-family house in 1980s - Individual system using balcony mounted solar collector 16 8 Solar space and hot water heating for a lowrise apartment house(Chiryu City) (Chiryu heater) Solar apartment house 17 (Chino City, Nagano Pref.) Large Solar Building - Senior Center in Shiobara - Health care center for elderly people Solar heating and cooling system (Yazaki, 2003) 18 9 - Senior Center in Shiobara - Solar heating and cooling system total floor area 610m2 2 Collector 258m 2 Aborption chiller Cooling tower FC units室内（FC）へ 床暖房へ Floor heating HEX Ｂ 温水焚吸収式Absorption chiller 冷温水機70.3kw 70.3kW(20RT） Tank for hot spring water, 30ton TankHeat storage 7.2ton tan Swimming温水プール pool 60ton 60t 19 (Yazaki) Fujieda Sunppu Hospital Solar DHW heating system, 2000 Collector 96m2 Hot water supply Tank 5m3 Hot water tank Boiler 1.65m3 x 2units 140kW x 2units 20 (Yazaki) 10 OM Solar Systems - integrated solar house design - (OM Solar) Office building of OM Solar “Egg of Earth”, Hamamatsu, 2004 21 Solar Desiccant Dehumidification and Cooling System (Harunocho Regional Center, Hamamatsu) Dehumidification cooling process Regeneration process MD AHU A Fan Primary AHU B desiccant Damper Cooling coil Secondary desiccant Free access floor FloorAseismatic pit pit Figure 2 Solar desiccant cooling operation in summer (OM solar) 22 11 Expected Solar Energy Use in Japan (Primary Energy, 106 kL Oil/year) FY2003 FY2010 Solar thermal 0.59 0.9 (4.39) Solar PV 0.21 1.18 Wind power 0.28 1.34 New energy total 10.54 19.10 (Gross energy） (1.8%) (3%) 23 Expected Collector Area Collector Area x 106 m2 Existing Area in 2004 7.7 stock Expected until 2010 12.8 Expected installation until 2010 for 4 years, 1.3 (every year) 2007-2010 Installed in 2005* 0.25 *Solar DHW system and Solar Water heater **Collector Area 1m2 = 0.07kL Equivalent Oil 24 12 Feature of Solar Thermal System Solar thermal system vs. PV system z Solar thermal system z Heat load: Hot water heating, space heating and cooling z Solar system: Tightly connected with Heat Load z Heat load influenced by weather condition and behavior of the occupants z PV system z Electricity, for all purpose z Grid connected system: sell and buy the electric power 25 Example of Energy Requirement in Buildings in Japan Residential House Energy Use in Residential House Cooling 46 GJ/family for a year 46GJ/family for year Cooling Space heating 2% DHW 35% Lights+Applinaces Lights and Appliances 28% Space Heating Hot water Heating 35% - Hot water heating and Space heating, Major heat requirements - Solar heating to reduce hot water heating energy - Building thermal insulation and solar energy to reduce space heating energy 26 13 Solar Thermal System for Today, Tomorrow z Integration z Integration with Heat loads and Building service systems z Integration with Building thermal system and Architectural design z Standardization z Standardization of Systems and Components z Standardization of Design and Evaluation Methods z Cost effectiveness z Reduce Installation cost z Improvement of Pay back period Including Finance, Subsidy 27 14.
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