X-57 Power and Command System Design Sean Clarke, P.E., Matthew Redifer, Trevor Foster Kurt Papathakis, and Aamod Samuel Empirical Systems Aerospace, Inc. NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center San Luis Obispo, California, USA Edwards, California, USA
[email protected] [email protected] Abstract—This paper describes the power and command high-performance electric motors, motor controllers, and battery system architecture of the X-57 Maxwell flight demonstrator management technologies enable this new design paradigm. The aircraft. The X-57 is an experimental aircraft designed to X-57 will be the first electrified X-plane and because of the demonstrate radically improved aircraft efficiency with a 3.5 electric powertrain that is central to the capability being times aero-propulsive efficiency gain at a “high-speed cruise” demonstrated here, the aircraft has been designated Maxwell in flight condition for comparable general aviation aircraft. These honor of James Clerk Maxwell’s foundational work describing gains are enabled by integrating the design of a new, optimized the nature of the electromagnetic forces that are harnessed in the wing and a new electric propulsion system. As a result, the X-57 electric motors, motor inverters, power buses and batteries that vehicle takes advantage of the new capabilities afforded by electric comprise the X-57 traction system. motors as primary propulsors. Integrating new technologies into critical systems in experimental aircraft poses unique challenges II. COPE that require careful design considerations across the entire vehicle S system, such as qualification of new propulsors (motors, in the case This paper describes the design of the X-57 avionics power, of the X-57 aircraft), compatibility of existing systems with a new traction power, and command systems for optimized system electric power distribution bus, and instrumentation and reliability given the constraints of a flight research program monitoring of newly qualified propulsion system devices.