Sustainable Energy Access in Eastern Indonesia-Power Generation

Sustainable Energy Access in Eastern Indonesia—Power Generation Sector Project (RRP INO 49203)

Environmental Impact Assessment

Project Number: 49203-002 February 2019

INO: Sustainable Energy Access in Eastern Indonesia ─ Power Generation Sector Project

Kaltim Peaker 2 Core Subproject

Annexes

Prepared by Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted on 9 March 2018 available on {http://www.adb.org/projects/49203-002/documents}.

This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Annexes

A. Maps of the project site and the investigation area

B. Public Participation and Meetings

C. Air Quality Modeling

D. Noise Control Feasibility Report

E. Biodiversity Study

F. Rapid Hazard Risk Assessment (HAZIP)

G. Emergency Preparedness and Response Policies and Procedures

COORDINATION AND CONSULTATIVE MEETING/INTERVIEW Meetings Environmental Team

ISSUES DISCUSSED/ No. ACTIVITIES DATE/PLACE PARTICIPANTS DATA PROVIDED KALTIM PEAKER 2 1 Coordination 09-08-16 PLN Pusat Introductions Meeting PLN Region (K3L Division) Confirmation information/data of Kaltim East Kalimantan PLN Region Peaker 2 and Tanjung Batu PP PLN UIP Discussion plan for field trip to Tanjung PPTA Team Batu Power Plant 2 Consultative 10-08-16 PLN Pusat Documents about power plants, meeting/ PLN Tanjung (K3L Division) operation and monitoring interview Batu PLN UIP discussions with staff PLN Tanjung site survey of the power plant Batu team PPTA Team 3 Coordination 15-03-17 PLN Pusat Introductions Meeting PLN Region (K3L Division) Confirmation information/data of Kaltim East Kalimantan PLN Region Peaker 2 and Tanjung Batu PP PLN UIP Discussion plan for field trip to Tanjung PPTA Team Batu Power Plant 4 Consultative 16-03-17 PLN Pusat Fuel purchase agreement meeting/ PLN Mahakam (K3L Division) Waste disposal agreement interview Sector PLN UIP Power plant organization

PPTA Team Staff training plan Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Implementation document Confirmation that zero accident within PLN Mahakam Sector 5 Consultative 16-03-17 PLN Pusat Power plant organization and total staff meeting PLN Tanjung (K3L Division) Water abstraction license/similar Batu PLN UIP Hazardous waste management PLN Tanjung evidence Batu team Emission/air quality monitoring PPTA Team Field survey 6 Consultative 16-03-17 PLN Pusat There is no objection from community, meeting/ FGD Forum Adat (K3L Division) especially villager of Tanjung Batu Tanjung Batu PLN UIP regarding the 3 power plants within PLN area. Village Secretary village and The villagers never complain about head of Forum noise and dust that may occur from Adat Tanjung Batu Power Plant area. PPTA Team Community only complain about coal fire power plant which generate dust and contaminate the water. the Forum Adat inform that community from Tanjung Batu need to deliver 3 points as following: 9 Involve the community as worker in PLN, based on their skill e.g. as ISSUES DISCUSSED/ No. ACTIVITIES DATE/PLACE PARTICIPANTS DATA PROVIDED security or other position; 9 Improvement of the access road that built by PLN and the water supply as part of CSR (the head of Forum Adat informed that there is no CSR from PLN Tanjung Batu sector); 9 Hazardous management would be better cooperating with Forum Adat instead of giving to personal that “said” he is on behalf of the village community.

Meetings social team

No. Activities Date/Place Participants Issues Discussed/Agreements PLN-PUSAT 1 Coordination 14-10-16 - PLN 1. Agreed on scope of work for PPTA Social Team meeting PLN HQ Safeguards 2. Agreed on Field Visit Plan - PPTA Social 3. Discussed PLN Social Safeguard Institutional Safeguards Arrangements KALTIM PEAKER 2 12 Coordination 19-10-16 - PLN Pusat 1. Introductions and orientation; agreed on work Meeting PLN UIP/ - PLN UIP program for due diligence Sector Office - PLN Sector 2. Details on Land Acquisition Compensation in the East 1990s explained/described and documents provided - PPTA Team Kalimantan 3. Presented PLN CSR programs and procedures

13 Consultative 19-10-16 - PLN Pusat 1. Details on Land Acquisition Compensation of Desa meeting/ BPN Local Staff: Tanjung Batu, Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang, interview Office - PLN UIP Kab Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan Province Tenggarong - BPN (Land 2. Representative of BPN Local Office confirmed all – Kutai Agency) Local documents of land acquisition process in the 1990s Kartanegara Office onward are recorded by their office as part of the ‘Warkah’ - PPTA Team 3. Land acquisition in Desa Tanjung Batu followed

regulation for land acquisition before year 2000, i.e.: - Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 15 Year 1975, concerning Regulations for Land Acquisition; - Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 55 Year 1993 regarding Land Procurement for the Implementation of Construction in the Interest of Public (17 June 1993) 14 Consultative 19/20-10- - PLN Pusat - Provided profile of the AH community meeting/ 16 - PLN UIP - Described land acquisition process carried out FGD Home of - Head of RT5 around 1994. AH leader with wife (AH) - Land acquired by PLN belonged to their parents in RT5, - 10 other AHs - Losses included house, land, and trees/crops. Tanjung No. Activities Date/Place Participants Issues Discussed/Agreements Batu - PPTA Team - Unsatisfied with compensation since value of compensation received was not sufficient to buy new same size agriculture/ farmland - Compensation for trees/crops were in accordance with their expectation - People now do not have land for farming, instead borrowing land owned by PLN. - One of the area bought by PLN also cover cemetery, so they have to relocate their family grave to other location (TPU Tanjung Batu Atas). Compensation for relocation were Rp 40,000 for children’s graves, and Rp 70,000 for adult graves. - Overall expressed support about the project but to provide more support to affected communities

15 Consultative 20-10-16 - PLN Pusat - Participants have heard about the project, but still meeting/ Home of - PLN UIP lack full information. FGD leader in - 11 HHs of - They accept the project and are excited about it. Bukit Raja Bukit Raja They highly expect to be involved in the project in accordance with their skills, not only during the - PPTA Team construction period, but also during the operational period. - They also expect that PLN will provide assistance to them, to improve their knowledge and skills during construction period so they can work in PLN – hoping that like PT CFK who recruited 50% of their workers from villages around CFK. - They expect PLN to support them by providing desa road improvement, street lightning, and improvement of culverts in front of Masjid Al Mukminun (due to flooding).

Minutes of Coordination Meeting for Preparation of Environmental Documents and Environmental Permit for Gas Pipeline PK52 Badak Export Manifold - Electrical Center Tanjung Batu

TRANSLATION

Minutes of Meeting Date/Time 9 August 2016 / 09.00 - Venue PT PLN (Persero) UIP Kalimantan Timur Attachment -

Attendance List

PLN Pusat DlVK3L, UIP Kaltim, Wilayah Kaltimra (attached)

1. MEETING AGENDA Coordination Meeting for Preparation of Environmental Documents and Environmental Permit for Gas Pipeline PK52 Badak Export Manifold - Electrical Center Tanjung Batu 2. BACKGROUND Nota Dinas Kepala Satuan GBM Nomor : ...... tanggal ...... Perihal ...... and Faks KDIVK3L nomor 2474.FAC/STH.03.01/DIVK3L/2016 Tanggal 8 Agustus 2016 re abovementioned agenda 3. DISCUSSION NOTES 1. PLN will build a Gas Pipe Line Badak Export Manifold (BEM) - Electricity Centre Tanjung Batu of 55 km which is located at 2 Government areas (Kutai Regency and Municipality of Samarinda). The pipeline will use the existing pipelines ROW of VICO and Pertamina EP. 2. Based on the results of the feasibility study, the current condition of the existing ROW is land owned by the Government, but in some areas land is used for illegal settlements and estates by local residents, and the pipe line passes several small mineral and oil mines, a road and rice fields. 3. PLN Region Kaltimra reports: a. PLN and the Institute of Research, Development and Innovation of the Research Institute for Development of Dipterocarp Forest Ecosystems are preparing a cooperation agreement for the construction of the Badak Gas Export Manifold - Electrical Centre Tanjung Batu. b. A PPLB agreement is in the process of signature (PLN, VICO and Pertamina) c. PLN needs to immediately prepare a security cooperation agreement between PLN, Pertamina and VICO supervised by DIVK3L (MS K3). d. The gas pipeline is expected to be operational by October 2017. 4. DIVK3L states that: a. Due to the pipeline passing through two Regional Government areas, the approval authority is with the Provincial Environmental Environment Agency (BLH), involving two District BLHs. b. Information related to environmental documents for the existing pipe lines owned by Pertamina and VICO has to be taken into consideration. c. PLN UIP Kalbagtim shall immediately coordinate with BLH related to preparation of environmental documents for the existing pipeline. 5. The starting point of the BEM pipeline (PK52 - tap connection pipe) is located in a Forest Research area, so an agreement between PLN and the Research Center is required. 6. The original plan for land acquisition along the 3 km in oil palm plantations is abandoned considering required time and the high cost, so the pipeline will be rerouted following the path of the existing Pipeline belonging to VICO.

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7. Documents prepared for the construction of the pipeline a. Feasibility study b. Front End Engineering Design (FEED) c. Financial Study d. Bid Document e. Joint Land Use Agreement (PPLB) f. Collaboration agreement with DIPEROKARTA The Regional PLN Office Kaltimra is in the process of preparing a. A cooperation agreement with the Research Institute b. Construction Site Permit from the Provincial BKPMD c. Clarification whether a declaration of compliance with the Spatial Plan is still required needs to be sought. 8. PLN UIP Kalbagtim explains: a. There has been no assignment yet for construction supervision and preparation of environmental documents from the PLN Head Office b. PLN UIP Kalbagtim will submit the budget related to the gas pipeline construction after the assignment by PLN Head Office. c. PLN UIP Kalbagtim requests directives to follow up on the results of the meeting with the Local Government Development Security Escort Team (Tim TP4D) of the Kaltim the High Court dated July 28, 2016 at the Novotel, Balikpapan (minutes attached). 9. DIVK3L appoints PLN UIP Kalbagtim as responsible for the preparation of environmental documents and licensing of the construction of the Gas Pipeline BEM - Tanjung Batu. The letter of appointment will be presented by August 18, 2016. 10. PLN Kaltimra PLN will coordinate with PLN UIP Kalbagtim related to follow-up on the licensing process for construction of the Gas Pipeline BEM - Tanjung Batu. 11. The division of responsibilities for the scope of environmental management between the UIP and the Regional Office will be discussed separately and will be accommodated in a decision letter from the PLN Management. 4. FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES Activities In charge Time 1. Further coordinatin meeting with SGBM, PLN DIVK3L 16 August 2016 E, DIVKRKAL, DIVPRKAL, DIVORKAL, DIVDAS, Wilayah Kaltimra, UIP Kalbagtim about appointment of project management for construction and security arrangements for construction and operation of the gas pipeline. 2. Appointment letter for preparation of DIVK3L 18 August 2016 environmental documents for the gas pipeline BEM – Tanjung Batu 3. Coordination with VICO and Pertamina related UIP 22 August 2016 to existing environmental documents Kalbagtim 4. Coordination with the Provincial Environmental UIP Tentative 4th Agency related to preparation fo Kalbagtim week of environmental documents for the BEM – August 2016 Tanjung Batu gas pipeline and site visit 5. NEXT MEETING Date 16 August 2016 Agenda Further coordinatin meeting with SGBM, PLN E, DIVKRKAL, DIVPRKAL, DIVORKAL, DIVDAS, Wilayah Kaltimra, UIP Kalbagtim about appointment of project management for construction and security arrangements for construction and operation of the gas pipeline.

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Signed,

DIVK3L PLN WILAYAH KALTIMRA PLN UIP KALBAGTIM

KOESPRAPTINI RIA RACHMANSYAH A.W. NICO SAROINSONG

Translation: W. Clauss

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Minutes of Wrap-up Meeting of the site visit of the Kaltim-2 Peaker by the PPTA consultant

Minutes of Meeting Date 10 August 2016 Place Meeting room of Sektor Pembangkitan Mahakam PLTGU Tanjung Batu office Attachments - Attendance List -

Attendance List - 1. AGENDA Discussion of results of the site visit of the Kaltim-2 Peaker by the PPTA consultant 2. BACKGROUND Letter from DIVUL 0372.FAX/KLH.01.01/DIVK3L/2016 about field visit of the PPTA consultant to the PLTMG Kaltim-2 Peaker 3. DISCUSSION NOTES 1. Secondary data obtained during the visit:

x Feasibility Study PLTMG Kaltim-2 Peaker

x Amdal document for the PLTMG Kaltim Peaking 2x50 MW (2010)

x Land certificate for the Tanjung Batu complex

x Planning data for the gas pipeline

x MoM of PLN meeting about the gas pipeline

x Environmental management report for the Tanjung Batu PLTG 2. The land area being used by PLN for the existing power plants and related facilities amonts to ± 18 ha of the total 160 ha (170 ha according to the certificate). There are no settlers or buildings not related to the PLN infrastructure. No socio-cultural impact of the new power plant is expected. 3. There are several local people utilizing land for agricultural purposes on the land owned by PLN but these are far away from the site to be used for the Kaltim-2 Peaker. These people have signed an agreement with PLN stating that they will use the land for annual crops only and will vacate the land in case it is needed by PLN in the future. 4. The team inspected existing installations comprising gas supply and storage facilities, water intake and cooling water outlet, jetty, planned access point of the new gas pipe, and the site for the new power plant. 5. A dead irrawaddy dolphin was found in the river near the complex 2 years ago but in all likelihood it originated from an upstream area. A reported sighting of a crocodile near the complex was not confirmed by the PLN staff working on the site, some of whom have worked ther for about ten years.

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6. The planned new gas supply pipeline will be built to secure supply for all power plants in the complex, not only the new Kaltim-2 Peaker. Therfore, the pipeline may not necessarily be categorized as an associated facility of the new plant. 7. There is a swamp area adjacent to the plot of land to be used for the construction of the new power plant. Confirmation has to be sought as to whether the area will be affected by the construction activities. The consultant suggests that the Amdal consultant (Sucofindo) should pay attention to this issue. 4. FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES - 5. NEXT MEETING - Approved by PPTA Consultant Sektor Pembangkitan UIP Kalimantan PLN Pusat DIVK3L Mahakam Bagian Timur

W. Clauss Hengki DL Hilmah Alawiah Imam Muttaqien

Translation: W. Clauss

2 | 2 Date : 15 March 2017 Time/venue : 1.30 pm – 4.00 pm/PLN East Kalimantan Region, Balikpapan Participants : Imam Muttaqien – K3L Division, PLN Pusat Wisnu – PLN East Kalimantan Region Ms. Ermin Sri Wulandari – K3L Division, PLN East Kalimantan Region Ms. Hilmah – PLN UIP Kalbagtim Ms. Karina Rizki – PLN UIP Kalbagtim Dr. Werner Miller – FICHTNER International Environmental Specialist Ms. Rahayu Ningtyas – FICHTNER National Environmental Specialist

Summary of meeting: ¾ TANJUNG BATU POWER PLANTS consist of 3 power plants: 1. PLTGU Tanjung Batu i.e. gas turbine combine cycle 60 MW (2x20 MW GT (gas turbine) and 1x20 MW ST (steam turbine) dual fuel i.e. gas and HSD (high speed diesel). Start operation since 1997. However, gas supply decline hence since 2013 the power plant runs by using HSD; 2. PLTGU Kaltim Peaker 1 (operation since 17 March 2014 for unit 1, and 18 April 2014 for unit 2), install capacity 2x80 MW GT; COD (commercial operation date) 2x60 MW, planned as dual fuel. Unfortunately, have never used gas and only runs by HSD since the first operation; 3. PLTDMG PT. Kaltimex Energy i.e. a rented gas turbine (operation since July 2008 up to July 2017). Capacity 9.2 MW, CF 80%. Single fuel gas, based load. Gas supply by PT. SEMCO.

¾ Total land has already been acquired by PLN = 176 ha; 20 ha (has fenced with the entrance gate) has used as location of 3 power plants including office, substation, control room, WWTP, warehouse, canteen etc.; whereas 5 ha will be provided for Kaltim Peaker 2; and 20 – 25 ha could be used for PV solar plant. ¾ Within the PLN property, which is not fenced, there are PLN housing, school, farmland, and non-permanent houses, as well the access road, small trees, bushes, and swamp. The farmland is managed by the communities which live in the surrounding of PLN land, and have permit from PLN to manage this land. ¾ Gas supply for Kaltim Peaker 2 will be delivered by the gas producer VICO Indonesia, through gas pipelines (55 Km) from Muara Badak, East of Tanjung Batu. The pipelines will be using an existing ROW; hence PLN does not need land acquisition. ¾ There is an additional associated facility i.e. Water Treatment Plan, with new pipe line including pump house for taking water from Mahakam River. ¾ 4 semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Reports (2015 -2016) will be provided by the PLN Mahakam Sector. In addition, there is final document of the amendment EIA for Kaltim Peaker 2, however the environmental permit is still on the process. ¾ PLN UIP provides some maps of Kaltim Peaker 2. Date : 16 March 2017 Time/venue : 09.30 am – 4.30 pm/PLN Mahakam Sector and PLN Tanjung Batu PP Participants : Imam Muttaqien – K3L Division, PLN Pusat Ms. Hilmah – PLN UIP Kalbagtim Ms. Karina Rizki – PLN UIP Kalbagtim Ms. Trias – PLN Mahakam Sector Abu Dzar – PLN Tanjung Batu Power Plant Dimas Aswin – PLN Tanjung Batu Power Plant Herdi S – PLN Tanjung Batu Power Plant Dr. Werner Miller – FICHTNER International Environmental Specialist Ms. Rahayu Ningtyas – FICHTNER National Environmental Specialist

Summary of meeting: ¾ There is an Addendum III for Fuel Purchase Agreement that has been effective since 10 August 2015; the addendum made for PLN Bangka Belitung Region and PLN East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan Region (10.000 kL HSD for Tanjung Batu Power Plant). ¾ There is temporary hazardous storage permit for Tanjung Batu Power Plant issued by Regional Environmental Agency, the permit is valid until 30 March 2017. ¾ There is permit for waste water discharge issued by Regional Environmental Agency to Tanjung Batu Power Plant; it has been effective since 23 April 2013. Permit valid for ongoing activities, and will be reviewed and evaluated every six months. ¾ Total number of Tanjung Batu staff is 87 persons, consisting of 49 employees, 8 persons still on the job training, and 30 persons from the outsourcing PT. Haleyora. ¾ Tanjung Batu Power Plant informs that there is no specific license for the water abstraction from Mahakam river, however they only have Surat Ketetapan Pajak Daerah Air Permukaan (decree of local tax for surface water) which mean they should pay the tax for taking surface water i.e. Mahakam River. ¾ Regarding the hazardous management in Tanjung Batu Power Plant, there are hazardous waste lists for some used filters and used diesel fuel; as evidences that Tanjung Batu Power Plant has implemented hazardous material management within their area. ¾ Monitoring activity for emission and air quality from all chimneys in Tanjung Batu Power Plant are usually made every day, however not all machines are operated every day; hence the report for emission monitoring is not covering every day. ¾ Field visit to the Water Treatment Plant, temporary disposal for hazardous material, work shop, drainage system for waste water, including the jetty location and area that planned for Solar PV (20 – 25 hectares). MEETING OF MINUTES PUBLIC CONSULTATION RESULT OF SAFEGUARDS DOCUMENT STUDY THE ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) GAS POWER PLANT PROJECT OF KALTIM PEAKER-2 (2 X 50 MW) TANJUNG BATU VILLAGE, TENGGARONG SEBERANG SUB-DISTRICT KUTAI KERTANEGARA DISTRICT, EAST KALIMANTAN

On Thursday, the nineteenth of July, Two Thousands Eighteen (19 ± 07 ± 2018) at the Office of Tanjung Batu Village, Tenggarong Seberang sub-district, Kutai Kertanegara district, East Kalimantan province, a public consultation was held related to the result of the Safeguards Document study / Environmental Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the gas power plant project of Kaltim Peaker-2 (2 X 50 MW) at Tanjung Batu Village, Tenggarong Seberang subdistrict, Kutai Kertanegara district, East Kalimantan province. The public consultation was attended by 61 participants (46 males and 15 females), from PT PLN (Persero), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Environmental Agency (DLH) East Kalimantan, DLH Kutai Kertanegara district, the Natural Resources Conservation Center (BKASDA) East Kalimantan, the Head of Tenggarong Seberang Sub-district, the Head of Tanjung Batu Village, Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDES) of Tanjung Batu, the Head of Village Deliberation Agency (BPD) and its members, the Head of Youth Organization (Karang Taruna) Tanjung Batu, the junior high school PGRI 14 (SMP PGRI 14) Tenggarong Seberang, the Customary Leader, the Community Leader, Heads of Neighborhood Association Tanjung Batu, and the Local Community Affected by the Gas Power Plant Project of Kaltim Peaker-2 (2 X 50 MW). The public consultation was initiated by PT PLN¶V (Persero) Development Unit (UIP) East Kalimantan, located at Jalan MT Haryono No. 384, Balikpapan East Kalimantan Province. The results of Public Consultation for the Gas Power Plant Project of Kaltim Peaker-2 (2 X 50 MW), are as follows: 1. The event was opened by PT PLN (Persero) and representatives from ADB, below: a. PT PLN (Persero) informed the local community about the proposed gas power plant project of Kaltim Peaker-2 and committed to increase the electricity capacity that will be used for the benefit of the local community in order to support the central government program. b. ADB explained the purpose of the project, the scope and the goal from this public consultation about the environmental and social impacts as part of the Safeguard / Environmental Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) document preparation, as well as $'%¶V environmental and social safeguard objectives. c. $'%¶V HQYLURQPHQWDO DQG VRFLDO VDIHJXDUGV H[SHUW FRQVXOWDQW SUHVHQWHGNH\ HOHPHQWV that are covered in the environmental impact assessment document, including potential environmental and social elements as well as its mitigation plan, principles of environmental and social policy, complaint mechanism, monitoring, and schedule for social and environmental safeguard activities. 2. Questions, responses, and suggestions raised during the Public Consultation a. The local community supports the project, however, negative impacts should be minimized and positive impacts should be improved. b. Statements from the local community/participants of the Public Consultation, are as follows: 1. The Project is expected to provide job opportunities in Tanjung Batu for the local people who are currently unemployed (majority of elementary and junior high school graduates). It is necessary to have a skills development program for the local community near the project site, especially for the youth. 2. It is necessary to train the local community near the project site, especially youth, to become workers, meeting the required qualifications. 3. It is necessary to have partnership among contractor, sub-contractor and BUMDES to accelerate development in Tanjung Batu village, including the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises. 4. Support is needed for the street lighting and road infrastructure development to the project site and Tanjung Batu. 5. An extension for the BPJS health insurance premium payment is requested. 6. Support for the education and agriculture development is requested. 7. The local community expects to continue using the PLN land for their agriculture and football field. PLN is expected to issue written agreement for use of the land. 8. The vice principle of PGRI 14 junior high school (SMP PGRI 14) Tenggarong Seberang asked about the school relocation, including the procurement of land that the school cannot provide. It is expected that the employment recruitment will not involve students so that it will not affect the process and quality of learning. 9. The customary leader requested that the relocation of SMP PGRI 14 Tenggarong Seberang will be placed oQ3/1¶VODQGFORVHWRWKH7DQMXQJ%DWXHOHPHQWDU\VFKRRl (Sekolah Dasar Tanjung Batu). 10. BKSDA mentioned that the Bekantan (proboscis monkey) protection program is also conducted through assessments of animal inventories, paths and food security. It is necessary to install board announcements to protect Bekantan (proboscis monkey) paths. 11. DLH of East Kalimantan province requested consistency in using the term gas power plant (PLTG) or gas engine power plant (PLTMG) as well as generation capacity. 12. The proposed development and implementation of gas power plant project (PLTG) Kaltim Peaker-2 (2 X 50 MW) should also refer to the revision of the environment impact analysis (AMDAL) as agreed. c. Responses from PT PLN (Persero) and ADB on the statements from the local community, are as follows: 1. PLN is currently conducting a welding training program at PT PAL Surabaya for two weeks. The Head of Tanjung Batu village will send a list of its local community who are interested in joining the training as long as they meet with the requirements. All of the training expenses will be covered by PLN. 2. PLN will provide a CSR program for street lighting at Tanjung Batu village. 3. PLN will include the work of road improvement in the village under the construction contract. 4. Local workers will be recruited wherever possible for the project, based on the qualifications and needs for workers in the project. 5. PLN supports the presence of BUMDES as a partner for the implementation of village development programs. PLN will facilitate communication and coordination between BUMDES and contractors/subcontractors related to the employment recruitment. 6. PLN will discuss and coordinate again with the relevant stakeholders about the relocation of SMP PGRI 14 Tenggarong Seberang which shall be completed prior to the start of construction work. 7. PLN will soon take follow-up actions UHJDUGLQJ WKH ORFDO FRPPXQLW\¶V request for a ZULWWHQ DJUHHPHQW RI XVLQJ WKH 3/1¶V ODQG IRU WKH VRFLDO DFWLYLWLHV DQG ORFDO agriculture. 8. ADB emphasized that the school relocation will not impact teachers¶ZRUNRUVWXGHQWV¶ learning. The school construction should meet with the national technical building quality standards. 9. Direct impact of gas power plant project (PLTG) Kaltim Peaker-2 on the land acquisition for agriculture only applies to 1 (one) household. 10. The project prohibits the recruitment of children. If it is found that there is child labor, please report to PLN. Parents are expected to discourage their children to work. 11. The local community can disclose their complaint to village officials by sending a letter to the PLN UPP Kalbagtim 3. d. The AMDAL revision has been completed, thus request for representation of local community on the AMDAL document is not required. Therefore, the Minutes of Meeting was written to be used accordingly and used as Minutes of Meeting to prepare the environmental document of gas power plant project Kaltim Peaker-2 further.

PT PLN (Persero) Asian Development Bank Units of Development (UIP) East Kalimantan

Wisnu Kuntjoro Adi Naning Mardiniah

The Environmental Agency (DLH) The Environmental Agency (DLH) East Kalimantan Province Kutai Kartanegara District

Burhan Kurniawan A.S.M. Ali

Natural Resources Conservation Center Head of Tenggarong Seberang Sub-district (BKASDA) East Kalimantan

Puji Mulyanto Suhari

Head of Tanjung Batu Village Customary Leader of Tanjung Batu

Muhammad Nasir Misration

Vice principle of SMP PGRI 14 Tenggarong Local Community Representative Seberang

Supatemi Dwi Yanto

Note: List of participants ATTACHED.

Annex C 3Final Report July 2018

Kaltim 2 Peaker Power Plant PT.PLN (Persero)

Air Quality Modeling

Vijay Joshi 801, Lincoln B, Grand Omaxe, Sector 93-B, Noida, India Email: [email protected]

Table of Contents

Table of Contents I

List of tables II

List of figures III

List of abbreviations and acronyms IV

1. Scope of the Report 1

2. Project Site 2

3. Air Emissions and Air Quality Legislation 4 3.1 Air Emission Limits 4 3.2 Air Quality Standards 6

4. Baseline Data 8 4.1 Receptors data 8 4.2 Meteorological Data 12 4.3 Terrain data 12 4.4 Kaltim Peaker 2 Data 14 4.4.1 Configuration 14 4.4.2 Stack and Emission Data 15 4.5 Data for other sources 17 4.5.1 Tjangu Batu Gas Turbine Combined Cycle - 60 MW 17 4.5.2 Kaltim 1 Gas Fired Power Plant - 100 MW 19 4.6 Background Air Quality Data 22

5. Air Quality Modelling 23 5.1 Air Quality Model 23 5.2 Calculation Area 23 5.3 Calculation Scenarios 23 5.4 Determination of the stack height 25 5.4.1 GIIP stack height 25 5.5 Modelling Results 27

I 5.5.1 SO2 Scenarios 27

5.5.2 NO2 Scenarios 31

5.5.13 PM10 Scenarios 35

6. Summary and conclusions of Air Quality Modelling 39

7. Conclusion 40

8. References 41

I List of tables

Indonesian emission limits for emissions to air from stationary sources (Ministry of Table 3-1 5 Environment Regulation No. 21 of 2008) Adapted Indonesian emission limits for emissions to air from stationary sources Table 3-2 5 (adapted from Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 21 of 2008) IFC emission guidelines for facilities larger than 50 MW with combustion turbines Table 3-3 6 and combustion engines (IFC, 2008) Table 3-4 National Ambient Air Quality Standards and WHO Guidelines 7 Table 4-1 Location of the stacks of the Kaltim Peaker 2 PP 15 Table 4-2 Concentration of the pollutants emitted by the Kaltim Peaker 2 PP 15 Model input characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas from the Kaltim Peaker 2 Table 4-3 16 PP Table 4-4 Location of the stacks of the Tjangu Batu PP 17 Table 4-5 Concentration of the pollutants emitted by the Tjangu Batu PP 17 Table 4-6 Concentration of the pollutants emitted by the Tjangu Batu PP 18 Table 4-7 Model input characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas from the Tanjung Batu Plant 18 Table 4-8 Location of the stacks of the Kaltim 1 Peaker PP 19 Table 4-9 Concentration of the pollutants emitted by the Kaltim 1 PP 19 Table 4-10 Model Input characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas from the Kaltim 1 Peaker 20 PP Table 4-11 Location of the stacks of the CFK PP 20 Table 4-12 Concentration of the pollutants emitted by the CFK PP 21 Table 4-13 Other characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas from CFK PP 21 Table 5-1 Maximum simulated SO2 Concentrations 28 Table 5-2 Maximum simulated NO2 Concentrations 32 Table 5-3 Maximum simulated PM10 Concentrations 36

List of figures

Location of the Power Plants Complex and the future Kaltim 2 Figure 2-1 3 Peaker (source of the topographic maps: URL 1 and Client)

Figure 4-1 Location of the sensitive receptors (source of the satellite image: Google Earth TM) 9 (R = Receptor) including 1 10km radius around the Project Figure 4-2 Closer view of the location of the sensitive receptors R1 to R5 (R = Receptor) 10 including a 2 km radius from Kaltim Peaker 2 PP Figure 4-2b Closer view of the location of the sensitive receptors on a satellite image R1 to R5 11 (R = Receptor) Windrose for the year 2016 as simulated with the model WRF (wind blowing Figure 4-3 12 from) (source of the satellite image: Google Earth TM) Figure 4-4 Landscape surrounding the project site 13 Figure 4-5 3D representation of the terrain of the project area (for visualization 14 purposes, the “z” axis is shown with an augmentation of 200%) Figure 5-1 Assessment area and the grids used in the calculation 24 Figure 5-2 Stacks of the Kaltim 1 Peaker 25 Figure 5-3 GIIP stack height (IFC, 2007) 26 Figure 5-4 Cumulative Impacts: 24 Hourly average SO2 for all plants including Kaltim Peaker 29 2 and CFK PP Figure 5-5 Cumulative Impacts: Annual average SO2 for all plants including Kaltim Peaker 2 30 and CFK PP Figure 5-6 Cumulative Impacts: 1 hourly NO2 Contours for all plants including Kaltim 33 Peaker 2 and CFK Power Plants Cumulative Impacts: Annual average NO2 Contours for all plants including Figure 5-7 34 Kaltim Peaker 2 and CFK Power Plants Cumulative Impacts: 24 Hourly average PM10 for all plants including Kaltim Figure 5-8 37 Peaker 2 and CFK Power Plants Cumulative Impacts: Annual average PM10 for all plants including Kaltim Peaker 2 Figure 5-9 38 and CFK Power Plants

III

List of abbreviations and acronyms

AQS = Air Quality Standard(s) CO = Carbon Monoxide DEM = Digital Elevation Model ECD = European Council Directive(s) ELV = Emission Limit Values GIIP = Good International Industry Practice HSD = High Speed Diesel IFC = International Finance Corporation masl = meters above sea level NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standard(s) NG = Natural Gas NO2 = Nitrogen Dioxide PM = Particulate Matter PT.PLN = Perusahaan Listrik Negara; English: State Electricity Company PP = Power Plant SO2 = Sulphur Dioxide TSP = Total Suspended Particulates U.S. EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency WB = World Bank WHO = World Health Organization WRF = Weather Research and Forecasting (Model)

1. Scope of the Report

PT.PLN (Persero) intends to develop a new Dual Fuel Power Plant - “Kaltim Peaker 2” - in Tanjung Batu Village, Tenggarong Seberang District, Kutai Kartanegara regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The Kaltim Peaker 2 Plant is planned to be fired with Natural Gas (NG) using high- speed diesel (HSD) as back-up fuel in case of reduced or interrupted Natural Gas supply. The net power capacities of the plant will be approximately 100 MW. The plant will consist of two turbines each having an installed capacity of 50 MW.

The present report presents the Air Quality Modeling performed for the Kaltim Peaker 2 Plant. The objective of the study is to assess the contribution of the air emissions of the Plant to the air quality in the area along with all other major sources of air pollution in project influence area. and to indicate whether the applicable national and international ambient air quality standards, as required by ADB policy, are expected to be fulfilled or not. The assessment ultimately leads to the determination of the conditions required to fulfill these standards. Three criteria pollutants SO2, NO2, and PM10 are subject of analysis in this context.

The Air Quality Modeling is performed using the dispersion modeling software Lake Environment’s AERMOD View (version 9.15), based on a U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) Regulatory Model.

2. Project Site

The Kaltim Peaker 2 PP will be located in the Tanjung Batu Power Plant Complex at the bank of the Mahakam river, about 25 km from the province capital Samarinda (Figure 2-1). The new plant will be built at the southernmost corner of the existing compound. The site coordinates are approximately:

· Northing: 9957531.00 m S; · Easting: 505763.00 m E; · Zone: 50 M (WGS 84).

The existing Power Plants Complex where Kaltim Peaker 2 will be built presently includes:

· Tjangu Batu PP - Gas Turbine Combined Cycle, 60 MW (2 x 20 MW GT and 20 MW ST), dual fuel, operation since 1997. Since 2013 the power plant has been run on HSD. · Kaltim 1 - Gas Turbine Kaltim Peaker 1, 2 x 50 MW (unit 1 is operating since 17 March 2014, and unit 2 since 18 April 2014), dual fuel. To date, both units run on HSD.

Although the present study focuses on the impacts of the Kaltim Peaker 2 PP on the air quality, it is necessary to consider the emissions of the existing neighboring plants as well as any other major sources of air pollution in the vicinity. In addition to Tanjung Batu and Kaltim Peaker 2, a coal fired Cahaya Fajar Kaltim (CFK) located at about 2 km in north of Kaltim Peaker 2, is considered for cumulative assessment on air quality. CFK power plant has an installed capacity of 110 MW. There are no other significant sources of air pollution in and around project.

The village of Tanjung Batu is located in the direct vicinity (800m) of the project site (Figure 2-1).

Tanjung Batu Village Tanjung Batu PP

Kaltim 1 PP

Kaltim 2 PP

Figure 2-1: Location of the Power Plants Complex and the future Kaltim 2 Peaker (source of the topographic maps: URL 1 and Client)

3. Air Emissions and Air Quality Legislation

In order to protect human health, vegetation and/or properties from the negative effects of air pollution, limits are imposed to: · the concentrations of the pollutants that are emitted from various sources - air emission limits; and to · the concentrations of the pollutants that are present in the atmosphere – ambient air quality standards.

In several countries these limits (or standards) are defined in the national laws/regulations, but there are also internationally accepted values like the ones from the World Bank Group Guidelines or the European Union Directives.

The air emission limits represent the maximum concentrations that are allowed in the flue gas coming out of the source (a stack, in this case) and are given in mg of pollutant per normal m3 of dry flue gas (mg/Nm3). The N stands for “Normal conditions”: temperature of 0°C and atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.

The air quality standards (AQS) state the maximum concentrations that are allowed in the ambient air, in this case, in the airshed surrounding the power plant. The standards are presented in μg of pollutant per m3 of ambient (exterior) air (μg/m3). For gaseous pollutants, the results of the air quality monitoring shall be standardized at a temperature of 293 K (20°C) and an atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.

This chapter presents the national and international standards for air emissions and for air quality that are applicable to the Kaltim Peaker 2 and other power plants mentioned above.

3.1 Air Emission Limits

The national emission limits for stationary sources, including thermal power plants, were issued on 1 December 2008 and replaced the earlier 1995 standards. The regulations include limits for the emissions of sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (as nitrogen dioxide) and particulate matter for existing, in development and new power plants. Fuel types covered by the decree include coal, oil and natural gas. Power plants must meet these emission standards 95% of the time over 3 months (URL 3).

Table 3-1 shows the national emission limit values applicable for boilers and turbines. Because these values consider “standard” conditions (temperature of the flue gas of 25 °C), Table 3-2 shows the values adapted to meet the “normal” conditions (0°C). A correction for the percentage of O2 is also undertaken.

ELV [mg/m3] for new ELV [mg/m3] for new Pollutant turbines * boilers ** Oil Gas Coal CO NE NE NE

SO2 650 150 750

NO2 450 320 750 TSP 100 30 100 Dry gas, excess 15% 15% 7% O2 content Temperature 25°C 25°C 25°C flue gas ELV: Emission Limit Values | NE: Non-existent * Attachment II B | ** Attachment I B Table 3-1: Indonesian emission limits for emissions to air from stationary sources (Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 21 of 2008)

Adapted ELV [mg/m3] ELV [mg/m3] for new Pollutant for new turbines * boilers ** Oil Gas Coal

CO NE NE NE

SO2 709 164 878

NO2 491 349 878 TSP 109 33 117 Dry gas, excess 15% 15% 6% O2 content Temperature 0°C 0°C 0°C flue gas ELV: Emission Limit Values | NE: Non-existent * Adapted from Attachment II B | ** Adapted from Attachment I B Table 3-2: Adapted Indonesian emission limits for emissions to air from stationary sources (adapted from Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 21 of 2008)

The International Finance Corporation (IFC, World Bank Group) defined guidelines for the emissions of facilities producing more than 50 MWth using combustion engines and combustion turbines (Table 3-3).

ELV [mg/Nm3] for ELV [mg/Nm3] for boilers; combustion turbines; facilities > 50 MWth Pollutant facilities > 50 MWth Other fuels Natural Coal Gas CO NE NE NE

SO2 0.5 - 1 % S NE 400 - 1,500

NO2 152 51 200 - 1,100

TSP 30 - 50 NE 30 – 50 Dry gas, 6% excess O2 15% 15% content Temperature 0°C 0°C 0°C flue gas NE: Non-existent Table 3-3: IFC emission guidelines for facilities larger than 50 MW with combustion turbines and combustion engines (IFC, 2008)

It is observed from Table 3-2 and 3-2 that for gas turbines of greater than 50 MW thermal capacity, IFC standards are more stringent than the national emission standards. For ADB funded Kaltim Peaker 2 power plant, therefore, this study uses IFC standards as the permissible emission limits. This is in-line with the ADB SPS (2009). It is further assumed that Kaltim Peaker 1, Tanjung Batu and CFK power plant will comply with the national emission standards.

It shall be stated that compliance of national emission limits may require installation of air emission reduction equipment for NO2 and particulate matter for Tanjung Batu and Kaltim Peaker 1. Kaltim Peaker 2 power plants will also require control for NO2.and particulate matter. For SO2 will not require any additional control for any of the plants as use of 0.25% sulphur HSD ensures that the national standard as well as international standards for SO2 emissions for Tanjung Batu, Kaltim Peaker 1 and Kaltim Peaker 2 are complied with.

3.2 Air Quality Standards

The Air Quality Standards are defined according to the different levels of danger that the pollutants pose depending on the period of exposure. This way, the standards are defined for different time frames, allowing the protection against the short term acute impacts, the medium term impacts and the long term impacts.

IFC states that emissions from projects shall not result in pollutant concentrations in the ambient air that reach or exceed the relevant ambient air quality guidelines and standards by applying the national legislated standards or, in their absence, the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines or other internationally recognized sources like the U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) or the European Council Directives (ECD). 6

The IFC recommends, in addition, that the emissions from a single project should not contribute with more than 25% of the applicable ambient air quality standards to allow additional, future sustainable development in the same airshed. This implies that even when ground level concentration (GLC) of a certain pollutant complies with ambient air quality standard, it shall be evaluated whether it is below or above 25% of that standard. This is also assessed in the present study.

Table 3-3 presents the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS, established by the 1999 Government Decree No. 41) and the guidelines defined by WHO (2005) that are applicable to the project. The WHO provides interim targets (IT) in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieve the recommended guidelines (GL).

Air Quality Standards [μg/m³] * Averaging Pollutant period Indonesia NAAQS ** WHO 1 hour 30,000 - CO 24 hours 10,000 - 10 minutes - 500 (GL)

1 hour 900 - SO2 125 (IT1) 24 hours 365 50 (IT2) 20 (GL) 1 year 60 - 1 hour 400 200 (GL)

NO2 24 hours 150 - 1 year 100 40 (GL) 150 (IT1) 100 (IT2) 24 hours 150 75 (IT3) 50 (GL) PM10 70 (IT1) 50 (IT2) 1 year - 30 (IT3) 20 (GL) 24 hours 230 - TSP 1 year 90 - IT = Interim target; IT are provided in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieve the recommended guidelines | GL = Guideline * 20°C and 101.3 kPa ** ADB, 2006 Table 3-4: National Ambient Air Quality Standards and WHO Guidelines

It is evident from the table that the national standards are generally less restrictive than the IT and GL defined by the WHO.

4. Baseline Data

4.1 Receptors data

The air quality standards considered in this study are defined for protection of human health. Given this, the study will focus particularly on the analysis of the air quality effects in areas where human presence exists, namely the neighboring settlements (up to 10 km away), school, staff housings and farm house. Nine locations have been selected as representative of these areas:

· R1 = Direct vicinity of the site, village of Tanjung Batu. · Easting = 506344.00 m E · Northing = 9957915.00 m S · R2 = Direct vicinity of the site, school · Easting = 505919.02 m E · Northing = 9957236.36 m S · R3 = Direct vicinity of the site, staff housing 1 (HS 1) · Easting = 506188.00 m E · Northing = 9957028.00 m S · R4 = Direct vicinity of the site, staff housing 2 (HS2) · Easting = 505857.00 m E · Northing = 9956675.00 m S · R5 = Direct vicinity of the site, farm house · Easting = 504998.00 m E · Northing = 9957039.00 m S · R6 = 6.5 km northeast from the site · Easting = 511757.10 m E · Northing = 9960498.33 m S · R7 = 5.5 km southeast from the site · Easting = 511238.00 m E · Northing = 9955657.00 m S · R8 = 8.5 km southwest from the site, village of Tenggarong · Easting = 498329.00 m E · Northing = 9953837.00 m S · R9 = 6.5 km northwest from the site · Easting = 500219.00 m E · Northing = 9961091.00 m S

The location of the listed receptors (R) is shown in Figure 4-1 and in Figure 4-2.

Figure 4-1: Location of the sensitive receptors (source of the satellite image: Google Earth TM) (R = Receptor) including 1 10km radius around the Project

Figure 4-2: Closer view of the location of the sensitive receptors R1 to R5 (R = Receptor) including a 2 km radius from Kaltim Peaker 2 PP

Kaltim 2

R5 R3

Figure 4-2b: Closer view of the location of the sensitive receptors on a satellite image R1 to R5 (R = Receptor)

4.2 Meteorological Data

To conduct the Air Dispersion Calculation, recent meteorological data from a monitoring station located nearby the project site (station WRLS in Temindung) have been analyzed. The data available presented a very low level of coverage (more than 46% missing data). The next available meteorological station is located 100 km away from the project site and cannot therefore be considered representative. Given this, a simulation of meteorological data with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been undertaken for the year 2016. The WRF model is a next- generation mesoscale numerical weather prediction system designed for both atmospheric research and operational forecasting needs (URL 5).

Figure 4-3 presents the windrose for the simulated year 2016. It shows that the prevailing winds blow from northwest (NW), north (N), and northeast (NE), while most of the receptors are located to the northeast (NE) and south (S) of the plant (Figure 4-1). The windrose also indicates that the more frequent wind speed is around 3 m/sec, which is equivalent, in the Beaufort scale, to the level “light breeze”.

Figure 4-3: Windrose for the year 2016 as simulated with the model WRF (wind blowing from) (source of the satellite image: Google Earth TM)

4.3 Terrain data

The project site is surrounded by small hills with heights up to ca. 70 masl (Figure 4-4).

To account for the different heights above sea level of the sensitive receptors and the plants, DEM (digital elevation model) data were acquired. These allow a 3D representation of the terrain of the assessment area and a

more accurate simulation of the pollutants’ distribution. Figure 4-5 shows the 3D representation of the area’s terrain.

Figure 4-4: Landscape surrounding the project site

Figure 4-5: 3D representation of the terrain of the project area (for visualization purposes, the “z” axis is shown with an augmentation of 200%)

4.4 Kaltim Peaker 2 Data

4.4.1 Configuration

The Kaltim Peaker 2 PP will have dual fuel firing turbine with the primary fuel being Natural Gas (NG). The back-up fuel will be High-Speed Diesel (HSD).

The Plant is planned to be operated in peaking mode supplying electric power to the local grid, primarily during times of high demand. This generally occurs typically daily over a 5 hours period between 17:00 and 22:00.

It is expected that the Kaltim 2 Peaker Plant will adopt the same configuration and technology as the existing Kaltim 1 Peaker Plant. Kaltim Peaker 1 since its commissioning has been running on HSD only. A new gas pipeline is being constructed to supply gas to Tanjung Batu and Kaltim Peaker 1 power plants. It is expected that once the pipeline is operational both plants will run on gas. Kaltim Peaker 2 is also expected to run on gas once it becomes operational. The air quality modelling though considers use of HSD for scenario generation. This is a conservative aporach and improves margin of safety in prediction of post project air quality since the emisions in NG mode are less than HSD mode operations. Besides, it is assumed that both Kaltim Peaker 1 and Kaltim Peaker 2 will oprate for six hours rather than 5 peak hours from 5 pm to 10 pm. Following configuration for Kaltim Peaker 2 oprations has been considered:

· 2 groups of dual-fuel turbines fired with HSD only: · Each group will have a capacity of 50 MW; · 2 stacks (one per group). · Stack height 50m · Operations for 6 hours from 5 pm to 11 pm

4.4.2 Stack and Emission Data

As stated above, it is considered that the Power Plant will operate 2 groups of dual-fuel turbines, each one associated to one stack. The location of the stacks is shown in Table 4-1.

Easting [m] Northing [m]

WGS 84, Zone 50 M

Stack 1 505690 9957415

Stack 2 505690 9957445

Table 4-1: Location of the stacks of the Kaltim Peaker 2 PP

The emitted pollutant’s concentrations are presented in Table 4-2 based on available turbine technology and a combustion calculation. As a basis for the combustion calculation, HSD with 0.25% of sulphur (S) has been assumed to be used. The characteristics of the HSD have been confirmed by inspecting the sulpfur content test certificate for HSD used for the Kaltim Peaker 1 Plant1.

3 Value for ELV [mg/Nm ] for Parameter HSD oil ** Source * Nat. Inter. Concentration CO Available data for 52.9 NE NE [mg/Nm³] dry, 15% O2 Kaltim Peaker 1 Based on a Concentration SO2 0.5 - 1 % 145 709 Combustion [mg/Nm³] dry, 15% O2 S in fuel Calculation

Concentration NO2 152 491 152 [mg/Nm³] dry, 15% O2 Based on Concentration TSP compliance of 50 109 30-50 [mg/Nm³] dry, 15% O2 International ELV Concentration PM10 45 NE NE [mg/Nm³] dry, 15% O2 * It is assumed that the same technology and configuration of Kaltim 1 will be adopted for Kaltim 2 ** At 0°C, 1 atm, and 15% O2; for turbines, facilities producing > 50 MWth Standard is not exceeded Standard is exceeded Table 4-2: Concentration of the pollutants emitted by the Kaltim Peaker 2 PP

1 PLN will get the HSD samples tested for sulphur content every six months by an internationally accredited testing laboratory. It has been confirmed that sulphur content of HSD used for Tanjung Batu Power Complex is below 0.25%. 15

Table 4-2 shows that the pollutants concentrations for SO2 is below the national and international limits (based on sulphur content of HSD). However, the international emission limit values are not likely to be met without air emission reduction equipment for NO2 and TSP. Given this, installation of air emission reduction equipment to achieve compliance with the international ELVs is necessary and has been considered as part of essential mitigation measures. PLN will be required ot regularly monitor the stack emissions from Kaltim Peaker 2 for compliance with international emission standards.

Other characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas are presented in Table 4-3 below.

Value for Parameter Source ** HSD

Number of stacks 2 Information from PLN Height of stacks [m] 50 In-line with GIIP Diameter of stacks (inner) [m] 5.52 Based on Combustion Calculation Flue gas exit temperature [K] 835.15 Based on available technology Flue gas exit velocity [m/s] 13.3 Available data for Kaltim 1 Actual* flue gas exit flow 317.35 Based on a Combustion Calculation [m3/s] per stack

Emission rate SO2 [g/s] per 16.9 Based on a Combustion Calculation stack

Emission rate NO2 [g/s] per 17.7 Stack

Emission rate TSP [g/s] per 5.8 Based on compliance with International stack Emission standards

Emission rate PM10 [g/s] per Stack 5.2

* Actual means at the actual conditions of temperature, pressure, moisture and O2 content of the flue gas | ** It is assumed that the same technology and configuration of Kaltim 1 will be adopted for Kaltim 2 | *** See Section 5.4 of this Report Table 4-3: Model input characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas from the Kaltim Peaker 2 PP

In order to allow a comparison of the results with the air quality standards, the following percentage based on Ehrlich, C., et al (2007) is applied to the TSP emission rates:

· The PM10 portion from combustion amounts to 90% of the total PM (particulate matter)/TSP emitted.

4.5 Data for other sources

4.5.1 Tanjung Batu Gas Turbine Combined Cycle - 60 MW

The Tjangu Batu PP is located in the same complex as the future Kaltim Peaker 2 and the existing Kaltim Peaker 1. From the site visit and analysis of satellite imagery, it is known that the plant operates with two stacks, each one associated with one 20 MW turbine, whose location is shown in Table 4-4.

Easting [mm] Northing [mm]

WGS 84, Zone 50 M

Stack 1 505717 9957809

Stack 2 505717 9957838 Table 4-4: Location of the stacks of the Tjangu Batu PP

Consultant had access to emission data for this plant for the years 2014, 2015, and 2016. It is known that the plant operates exclusively with HSD since 2013, and that in the second semester of 2015 only one turbine was operating. HSD with 0.25% of sulphur (S) has been assumed to be used.

Based on data available for Tanjung Batu PP the emission data are presented in Table 4-5. It is observed from Table 4-5, that based on the available data the plant complies with national emission limits. Some of the values though are seen to be significantly below the national emission limits and therefore not justifiable for use in modelling that aims to predict conservatively. It is therefore assumed that the plant meets the national emission limits for NO2 and PM10. The values used in the model are presented in Table 4-6.

3 Value ELV [mg/Nm ] for Parameter for oil * Source HSD Nat. Inter. Concentration CO [mg/Nm³] 389.0 NE NE dry, 15% O2

Concentration SO2 [mg/Nm³] 0.5 - 1 % 33.8 709 dry, 15% O2 S in fuel Available data for Concentration NO2 [mg/Nm³] 306.4 491 152 dry, 15% O2 Tanjung Batu (2014- Concentration TSP [mg/Nm³] 23.5 109 30-50 2016) dry, 15% O2

Concentration PM10 [mg/Nm³] 21.1 NE NE dry, 15% O2

* At 0°C, 1 atm, and 15% O2; for turbines, facilities producing > 50 MWth Standard is not exceeded Standard is exceeded Table 4-5: Concentration of the pollutants emitted by the Tjangu Batu PP

3 Value ELV [mg/Nm ] for Parameter for oil * Source HSD Nat. Inter. Concentration CO [mg/Nm³] Based on data for 389.0 NE NE dry, 15% O2 Tanjung Batu

Concentration SO2 [mg/Nm³] 0.5 - 1% Based on compustion 145 709 dry, 15% O2 S in fuel . calculation

Concentration NO2 [mg/Nm³] 491 491 152 dry, 15% O2 Based on compliance with the national Concentration TSP [mg/Nm³] 109 109 30-50 emission limits dry, 15% O2

Concentration PM10 [mg/Nm³] 98 NE NE dry, 15% O2

* At 0°C, 1 atm, and 15% O2; for turbines, facilities producing > 50

MWth Standard is not exceeded Standard is exceeded Table 4-6: Concentration of the pollutants emitted by the Tjangu Batu PP

Based on above considerations the Tnjung Batu plant and flue gas characteristics used in the air quality model are presented in Table 4-7.

Parameter Value for HSD Source

Number of stacks 2 Information from PLN Height of stacks [m] 80 Diameter of stacks (inner) 4.16 Information from PLN [m] Flue gas exit temperature Estimated based on available [K] 835.15 Technology Flue gas exit velocity 14.0 Available data for Tanjung Batu [m/s] Actual* flue gas exit flow [m3/s] per stack 190.41 Based on Combustion Calculation Emission rate SO2 [g/s] 6.8 Based on combustion calclualtion per stack Emission rate NO2 [g/s] Based on compliance with national per stack 22.9 emission standards

Emission rate TSP [g/s] 5.1 per stack Emission rate PM10 [g/s] 4.6 per stack

* Actual means at the actual conditions of temperature, pressure, moisture and O2 content of the flue gas | Table 4-7: Model input characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas from the Tanjung Batu Plant

As stated previously, in order to allow a comparison of the results with the air quality standards, it is assumed that the PM10 portion from combustion amounts to 90% of the total PM (particulate matter)/TSP emitted.

4.5.2 Kaltim 1 Gas Fired Power Plant - 100 MW

Table 4-8 presents the location of stacks for Kaltim Peaker 1 power plant.

Easting [m] Northing [m]

WGS 84, Zone 50 M

Stack 1 505690 9957499

Stack 2 505690 9957541

Table 4-8: Location of the stacks of the Kaltim 1 Peaker PP

The pollutant’s concentrations in the flue gas are presented in Table 4-9. These are based on data available for the Kaltim 1 Peaker and a combustion calculation.

3 Value ELV [mg/Nm ] for Parameter for oil * Source HSD Nat. Inter. Concentration CO [mg/Nm³] Available data for 52.9 NE NE ry, 15% O2 Kaltim 1 Based on a Concentration SO2 [mg/Nm³] 0.5 - 1 % 145 709 Combustion dry, 15% O2 S in fuel Calculation

Concentration NO2 [mg/Nm³] 30.75 491 152 dry, 15% O2 Concentration TSP [mg/Nm³] 27.2 109 30-50 Available data for dry, 15% O2 Kaltim 1

Concentration PM10 [mg/Nm³] 24.52 NE NE dry, 15% O2

* * At 0°C, 1 atm, and 15% O2; for turbines, facilities producing > 50 MWth Standard is not exceeded Standard is exceeded Table 4-9: Concentration of the pollutants emitted by the Kaltim 1 PP

Consultant had access to emission data for this plant for the year 2016. Data which were not made available have been estimated based on available technology and on a combustion calculation. As a basis for the combustion calculation, HSD with 0.25% of sulphur (S) has been assumed to be used.

Similar to Tanjung Batu, the pollutants concentrations for NO2 and PM10 were observed to be low and not considered in modeleling. As a conservative approach it has been assumed that the plant complies with the national emission standards. Accordingly, the stack and flue gas characteristics used in air quality model for Kaltim Peaker 1 are presented in Table 4-10. It is noteworthy that the stack height for Kaltim Peaker 1 in modelling has been taken as 50m in-line with GIIP rquiement2.

2 PLN has given concent to increase the height for Kaltim Peaker 1 from existing 26m to 50m. 19

Parameter Value for HSD Source **

Number of stacks 2 Infomration provided by PNL

Height of stacks [m] 50 In-line wihh GIIP Diameter of stacks 5.52 Based on a Combustion Calculation (inner) [m] Flue gas exit temperature [K] 835.15 Based on available technology Flue gas exit velocity 13.3 Available data for Kaltim 1 [m/s] Actual* flue gas exit flow [m3/s] per stack 317.35 Based on a Combustion Calculation

Emission rate SO2 [g/s] 16.9 Based on a Combustion Calculation per stack

Emission rate NO2 [g/s] 57.4 per stack

Emission rate TSP [g/s] 12.7 Based on compliance with national per stack emission standards

Emission rate PM10 [g/s] 11.1 per stack

* Actual means at the actual conditions of temperature, pressure, moisture and O2 content of the flue gas Table 4-10: Model Input characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas from the Kaltim 1 Peaker PP

4.5.3 Cahaya Fajar Kaltim (CFK) Power Plant - 110 MW

As described previously, CFK coal fired power plant is located at a radial distance of 2 km to the north of the Project location. The power plant has an installed capacity of 110 MW. The boiler technology used for the power plant is not known. Notwithstanding the technology used, it is assumed that the national emission limits for coal fired power plants are complied by CFK. Table 4-11 presents the location of the 2 stacks of CFK power plant.

Easting [mm] Northing [mm]

WGS 84, Zone 51 L

Stack 1 507000 9959000

Stack 2 507000 9958800 Table 4-11: Location of the stacks of the CFK PP

The emitted pollutant’s concentrations from CFK are presented in Table 4- 12 based on data from available technology, best practices for emission reduction equipment for coal fired power plants, and the assumption that the national emission limits will be complied with.

Value ELV [mg/Nm3] for for coal * coal- Source Input Parameter for Nat. Inter. ADC Concentration CO [mg/Nm³] Based on available 100 NE NE dry, 15% O2 technology

Concentration SO2 [mg/Nm³] 878 878 400 - 1,500 dry, 15% O2 Assuming fulfillment of Concentration NO2 [mg/Nm³] 878 878 200 - 1,100 national ELV dry, 15% O2 Concentration TSP [mg/Nm³] 50 117 30 - 50 dry, 15% O2 Based on an ESP * Concentration PM10 [mg/Nm³] installation 45 NE NE dry, 15% O2 * At 0°C, 1 atm, and 6% O2; for boilers, facilities producing > 50 MWth | ESP = Electrostatic Precipitator Table 4-12: Concentration of the pollutants emitted by the CFK PP

The emitted pollutant’s load and other characteristics of the stack and flue gas for CFK (110 MW coal fired capacity) are assumed to be similar to a typical such plant in Indonesia3. Table 4-13 presents the stack and flue gas charasterisitcs used in modeling based on the assumption that the national emission limits are complied with. It is confirmed from AMDAL for CFK that the stack height of CFK is 80 m.

Parameter Value for coal Source

Based AMDAL Number of stacks 2 Based on AMDAL Height of stacks [m] 80 Based on typical coal fired Diameter of stacks (inner) [m] 2.3 PP of similar capacity Flue gas exit temperature [K] 423.15 Based on typical coal fired Flue gas exit velocity [m/s] 20 PP of similar capacity Actual* flue gas exit flow [m3/s] per Based on typical coal fired 86.3 stack PP of similar capacity Emission rate SO2 [g/s] per stack 67.1 Assuming fulfillment of national ELV Emission rate NO2 [g/s] per stack 67.1

Emission rate PM10 [g/s] per stack 3.4 Based on an ESP Emission rate TSP [g/s] per stack 3.1 installation**

* Actual means at the actual conditions of temperature, pressure, moisture and O2 content of the flue gas | ** ESP = Electrostatic Precipitator Table 4-13: Other characteristics of the stacks and the flue gas from CFK PP

3 Stack emissions and flue gas charactristics of Timor 1 power plant at Kupang (100 MW coal fired capacity) with suitable scaling up for additional capacity have been adopted. 21

4.6 Background Air Quality Data

Air quality measurements are regularly undertaken in the area for the purpose of reporting to the authorities. The measurements are made once in six months at 3 locations:

· In front of the existing Plant’s Office; · At the housing complex of the existing Plant workers; · At Tanjung Batu Village.

The summarized results are shown in Table Error! Reference source not found.13 as averages for the period 2014-2016 and for all locations. The measured concentrations correspond to 1-hour average and have limited utility in defining the baseline air quality.

CO SO2 NO2 TSP

2284 25 32.6 63

Table 4-14: 1-hourly average air quality during 2014-2016 (All values are in (µg/m3)

Due to lack of adeqaute baseline air quality data, as a part of this EIA, air quality survey for 21 days was organised in the project area. The survey was conducted in two batches, June 6 to June 12 for 7 days followed by June 25-July 8 for 14 days. The air samples for all parameters were taken for 24 hours at three locations (Figure 18). The monitered air quality pameters and their measures concentrations are presented in Table 4-15:

1. Tanjung Batu Village (Receptor 1);

2. The staff housing 1 (HS1, Recepter 3);

3. A remote location near Receptor 7

Figure 4-6: Air Quality Monitoring Locations (TB Village, HS1 nd AQM-R7)

The air quality data indicates realtively stable values of NO2 and SO2 but significant fluctuations in PM10 concentrations. Higher variation in PM10 copared to gaseaous pollutants are exected as anthropogenic activities could have more pronounced impacts on PM10. It is observed that the gaseaous pollution as well particulates are significcantly low at housing colony and Tanjung Batu village, in comparison to remote location R7. R7 though is in proximity to a road and it is possible that transport related emissions could influence the air quality observations. R7 therefore has not been considered in defining the baseline for the project airshed. For interpreation of modelling results therefore Tanjung Batu village and staff housing colony 1 are considered to determine the beaseline quality in the airshed and the 3 average values at the two locations – 29 µg/m for PM10, 11 µg/m3 for SO2 3 and 4 µg/m for NO2 are considered as quantitative representation of baseline for 24 hourly averages. For 1 hourly average for NO2, 2.5 times of 24 hourly averge i.e. 10 µg/m3 is considered as baseline value in the airshed.

3 3 3 PM10 (µg/m ) SO2 (µg/m ) NO2(µg/m ) Date Staff Tanjung Staff Tanjung Staff Tanjung Housing Batu Remote Housing Batu Remote Housing Batu Remote colony Village Loction colony Village Loction colony Village Loction 6-Jun 11.6 5.4 81.4 2.9 16.7 19.1 2.9 1.8 13.8 7-Jun 21.1 42.7 75.7 3.1 12.8 16.1 3.1 2.3 15.0 8-Jun 20.3 47.2 103.5 3.1 17.5 15.1 3.1 1.9 12.1 9-Jun 24.7 57.4 106.7 2.5 14.3 11.9 2.5 2.3 14.2 10-Jun 7.4 10.0 94.5 4.7 15.8 14.2 4.7 2.0 16.7 11-Jun 15.5 21.5 105.5 4.8 15.8 14.9 4.8 2.7 15.7 12-Jun 13.3 23.9 90.8 5.0 18.2 16.7 5.0 2.8 14.2 25-Jun 56.0 4.0 64.0 3.0 15.7 18.8 3.0 2.3 13.8 26-Jun 55.0 71.0 132.0 3.0 16.5 16.5 3.0 2.1 14.9 27-Jun 43.0 61.0 100.0 2.6 15.0 15.9 2.6 2.0 11.8 28-Jun 48.0 69.0 75.0 1.9 14.1 14.1 1.9 2.1 15.3 29-Jun 47.0 49.0 164.0 5.3 13.4 14.9 5.3 2.3 17.7 30-Jun 55.0 41.0 121.0 5.0 16.5 14.9 5.0 2.8 15.6 1-Jul 74.0 72.0 77.0 3.8 14.2 17.2 3.8 2.9 15.3 2-Jul 45.0 51.0 124.0 9.8 18.2 30.9 9.8 3.5 13.9 3-Jul 32.0 5.0 85.0 7.3 22.2 31.7 7.3 1.9 14.9 4-Jul 55.0 3.0 116.0 6.0 22.9 29.3 6.0 3.0 13.0 5-Jul 50.0 4.0 85.0 8.5 20.6 30.1 8.5 1.8 12.1 6-Jul 62.0 4.0 90.0 12.3 19.8 28.5 12.3 4.0 17.8 7-Jul 56.0 5.0 103.0 7.7 22.2 31.6 7.7 4.2 13.3 8-Jul 58.0 139.0 95.0 8.0 20.6 30.1 8.0 3.6 14.5 Average 40.5 37.4 99.5 5.3 17.3 20.6 5.3 2.6 14.5

Table 4-15: 24-hourly average air quality during the baseline survey (June-Jule, 2018)

5. Air Quality Modelling

5.1 Air Quality Model

The Air Quality Modeling was performed using the dispersion modeling software AERMOD View, version 9.5, which predicts pollutant concentrations from continuous point, flare, area, line, volume and open pit sources. This steady-state plume model is a US- EPA Regulatory Model.

The simulations performed with AERMOD View, version 9.5 for each of the pollutants PM10, SO2 and NO2 result in worst case scenarios, that is, the software outputs the maximum concentrations expected to be found in the area due to the operation of the plants.

5.2 Calculation Area

A radius of 10 km around the center of emission has been considered as the calculation area. The first 1000 m of the grid have an increment of 50 m - this composes the Grid 1. The remaining assessment area is built with a 500 m increment - this composes the Grid 2 (Figure 5-1).

5.3 Calculation Scenarios

The Kaltim Peaker 2 is planned to burn Natural Gas as main fuel and rely on HSD only as a back-up fuel. It is as well planned that the power plant will operate only during peak demand periods. The airshed though is expected to be significantly impacted due to a neighbouring coal fired power plant Cahaya Fajar Kaltim (CFK) and to a lesser due to Tanjung Batu power plant and Kaltim Peaker 1.

This air quality study considers all of the above factors and assesses the following air quality scenarios.

A. Project Only scenario: Only Kaltim Peaker 2 operating at full capacity as Peaker Plant (5 hours; from 5 pm to 10 pm)4 B. Existing Plants Only Scenario: Tanjung Batu operating at full capacity for 24 hours and Kaltim Peaker 1 operating at full capacity as Peaker Plant C. Baseline scenario: CFK and Tanjung Batu PPs operating at full capacity for 24 hours and Kaltim Peaker 1 operating at full capacity as Peaker Plant D. Cumulative Impacts: CFK and Tanjung Batu PPs operating at full capacity for 24 hours, Kaltim Peaker 1 and Kaltim Peaker 2 both operating at full capacity as Peaker Plants.

4 All simulation for Kaltim Peaker 1 and Kaltim Peaker 2 are performed assuming operations for 6 hours per day as a conservative measure. Also, as a worst case simulation, Kaltim Peaker 1 and Kaltim Peaker 2 have been assumed to operate on HSD. 25

GRID 1

GRID 2

┼ Receptors ● Stacks of the Plants

Figure 5-1: Assessment area and the grids used in the calculation

5.4 Determination of the stack height

One of the objectives of this assessment is determining the height that the stacks of the plant shall have so that the national and international air quality standards (AQS) are fulfilled at the next receptor points in every scenario.

As previously stated, it is expected that the Kaltim Peaker 2 will have the same configuration as the existing Kaltim Peaker 1. The existing plant has however relatively low stacks (26 meters). These stacks are only a few meters above the turbine hall roof, which may hinder a good dispersion of the air pollutants emitted (Figure 5-2).

Figure 5-2: Stacks of the Kaltim 1 Peaker

In order to evaluate whether the stack height is appropriate and can be used for Kaltim 2, the Good International Industry Practice (GIIP) stack height is calculated.

5.4.1 GIIP stack height

According to the U.S. EPA (IFC, 2007), the GIIP is determined as follows (see also Figure 5-3):

GIIP stack height = H + 1.5 L where:

· H is the height of the nearby obstacles above the base of the stack · L is the lesser dimension, height or projected width of the nearby obstacle 2 2 0.5 · Projected width = (lenght + width ) · Nearby obstacle = obstacle within/touching a radius of 5L but less than 800 m

Figure 5-3: GIIP stack height (IFC, 2007)

For the case of Kaltim 2, the following values are determined:

· Nearby obstacle = turbine hall · Height = h = 20 m · Length = l = 85 m · Width = w = 38 m · Projected width = (852 + 382)0.5 = 93 m · Located at the same base elevation as the stack à h = H

· L = 20 m (the lesser dimension of the turbine hall is in this case the height)

· GIIP stack height = H + 1.5L = 20 + 1.5 × 20 = 50 m

The calculation above shows that 50 meters is the GIIP stack height for Kaltim Peaker 2. This is almost the double of the height of the existing Kaltim Peaker 1. Modeling results indicate that for 50m tall stack the maximum GLCs for Kaltim Peaker 1 as stand-alone power plant are well within the national ambient air quality standards.

5.5 Modelling Results

This Section presents the results of the simulations performed with AERMOD View 9.5 for each of three criteria pollutants SO2, NO2 and PM10, for averaging periods of 1 hour, 24 hours and 1 year, respectively. The results are presented in the form of:

a) Tables showing the maximum simulated ground level concentrations (GLC) in the assessment area (including the maximum concentration and maximum GLCs at the sensitive receptors). The predicted values that exceed the WHO GL value are highlighted in ‘Blue’ and those that exceed the national air quality standards are highlighted in ‘Red’. b) Plot maps of the maximum simulated GLC as direct outputs from the model software.

It is important to note that the results shown represent maximum GLC at all grid points. The maximum GLC are expected at different times and locations for each scenario. This implies that there is no direct correlation between the maximum GLCs simulated for the three scenarios.

5.5.1 SO2 Scenarios

Table 5-1 presents the results of all four modeling scenarios for SO2. While interpreting the results 25 µg/m3 and 10 µg/m3, respectively, are added to 1 hourly and 24 hourly average values to account for the background concentrations. No such additions are done for annual average concentration as the predicted values for all scenarios are much below the annual standards and accounting for baseline concentration does not influence the interpretation.

Based on the modelling results following observations are made:

(i) The predicted values for SO2, under all scenarios, are significantly below the national ambient air quality standard of 1 hourly average (900 µg/m3), 24 hourly average (365 µg/m3), and yearly average (60 µg/m3). The project therefore fully complies with national ambient air quality standards for SO2. (ii) For 24 hourly average ambient air quality, the model predictions under baseline scenario (Scenarios C), are above WHO GL (20 µg/m3) at all nearby receptors (R1, R2 R3 and R4). The airshed at full operational capacity of planned Tanjung Batu and Kaltim Peaker 1 power plants, therefore, needs to be considered as degraded airshed to assess compliance of standards for SO2, with respect to ADB policy. CFK is the primary cause of airshed degradation for SO2 (iii) The contribution of the Kaltim Peaker 2 alone to ambient SO2, concentrations, at all receptor locations, for 24 hourly average is negligible and is a fraction of of WHO GL. The SO2 GLCs are much smaller fraction of ambient national 24 hourly average 3) standard (365 µg/m . (iv) The simulations for SO2 are performed for HSD mode (0.25% S). For gas operations which is the primary operation mode for the Tanjung Batu Power Complex and will be in operation after commissioning of new gas pipe line, none of the plants at Tanjung Batu Power Complex, including Kaltim Peaker 2, will contribute to SO2. The Project therefore complies with the ADB policy for degraded airshed for SO2 in HSD as well as in gas operations mode.

3 3 3 Coordinates SO2 (µg/m ) SO2 (µg/m ) SO2 (µg/m ) Receptors X Y 1-hr 24-hr Annual SCENARIO A - Only Kaltim Peaker 2 GLCmax 505557 9956802 17 0.9 0.1 R1 506344 9957915 1.7 0.1 Nil R2 505919 9957236 6.4 0.3 Nil

R3 506188 9957028 6.8 0.3 Nil

R4 505857 9956675 6.6 0.3 Nil

R5 504998 9957039 13.5 0.8 Nil R6 511757 9960498 5.8 0.2 Nil R7 511238 9955657 3.9 0.2 Nil R8 498329 9953837 7.0 0.3 Nil R9 500219 9961091 7.3 0.4 Nil SCENARIO B - Tanjung Batu and Kaltim Peaker 1

GLCmax 505705 9958540 23.5 2.9 0.3

R1 506344 9957915 5.4 1.2 0.1 R2 505919 9957236 6.3 1.5 0.2 R3 506188 9957028 7.8 1.1 0.1 R4 505857 9956675 9.7 1.3 0.1 R5 504998 9957039 17.3 2.5 0.2 R6 511757 9960498 9.4 0.5 0.1 R7 511238 9955657 7.1 0.5 0.1 R8 498329 9953837 10.2 0.5 Nil

R9 500219 9961091 11.9 0.7 Nil

SCENARIO C - Tanjung Batu, Kaltim Peaker 1 and CFK (Existing Plants) GLCmax 506955 9959805 193.9 38.3 5.0 R1 506344 9957915 83.3 27.1 3.7 R2 505919 9957236 71.6 14.2 2.1 R3 506188 9957028 68.3 13.0 2.2 R4 505857 9956675 74.7 10.3 1.8 R5 504998 9957039 76.0 8.6 1.4

R6 511757 9960498 97.3 4.9 0.9

R7 511238 9955657 81.8 5.6 1.0 R8 498329 9953837 80.0 3.6 0.5 R9 500219 9961091 61.9 4.0 0.5 SCENARIO C - All Plants (Kaltim Peaker 1, Kaltim Peaker 2, Tanjung Batu and CFK) GLCmax 506955 9959805 193.9 38.3 5.0 R1 506344 9957915 83.3 27.1 3.7 R2 505919 9957236 71.7 14.2 2.1 R3 506188 9957028 68.4 13.0 2.2

R4 505857 9956675 74.7 10.3 1.8 R5 504998 9957039 76.1 9.1 1.4 R6 511757 9960498 102.4 4.9 0.9 R7 511238 9955657 81.8 5.6 1.0 R8 498329 9953837 80.1 3.6 0.5 R9 500219 9961091 69.2 4.3 0.5 Table 5-1: Maximum simulated SO2 Concentrations

The SO2 concentrations plots for 24 hourly and annual average values, the averaging period for which national standards or WHO GL are defined, are presented in Figures 5-4 and 5-5, respectively. The Max GLC for SO2 is NNE of CFK at about 2500m from Tanjung Batu Power Complex, the contribution of which to airshed are minimum. In this context, it is also noteworthy that the national ambient air quality and WHO GL differ very significantly. No exceedance of WHO (IT1) for SO2 is observed even for cumulative impacts that perhaps is a more appropriate benchmark for ambient air quality for a developing country like Indonesia.

Figure 5-4: Cumulative Impacts: 24 Hourly average SO2 for all plants including Kaltim Peaker 2 and CFK PP

Figure 5-5: Cumulative Impacts: Annual average SO2 for all plants including Kaltim Peaker 2 and CFK PP

5.5.2 NO2 Scenarios

Table 5-2 presents the results of all four modeling scenarios for NO2. Similar to 3 3 SO2 scenarios, while interpreting the results 25 µg/m and 10 µg/m are added to 1 hourly and 24 hourly average values, respective, to account for background concentration. No such additions are done for annual average concentration as the predicted values for all scenarios are much below the standards and accounting for baseline concentration does not influence the interpretation.

Based on the modelling results following observations are made:

(i) The predicted values under all four scenarios, even after accounting for background concentrations, are significantly below the national ambient air quality standard of 1 hourly average (400 µg/m3), 24 hourly average (150 µg/m3) and yearly average (100 µg/m3). The project therefore fully complies with national ambient air quality standards for NO2. (ii) For 1 hourly average ambient air quality, the model predictions under baseline scenario (Scenario C), are above WHO GL (200 µg/m3) for maximum GLC after accounting for background. The maximum GLC is at about 3500m from the grid center (center of polar grid located at Tanjung Batu Power Complex) towards east with no sensitive receptor nearby. This elevated concentration is evidently affected by CFK. Values at all sensitive receptors are much below the WHO GL and therefore the airshed is considered as ‘non-degraded’ for NO2. It also noteworthy that all GLCs are well within the national standard for 1 hourly average NO2 levels (400 µg/m3). (iii) The annual average concentrations, for NO2 for all scenarios and at all locations including max GLC locations, are significantly below the WHO GL of 40 µg/m3. (iv) The highest contribution of the Kaltim Peaker 2 to the NO2 concentrations at the receptors is at R5 at 7.5 % of WHO GL. At all other locations it is significantly below. The project thus complies with the ADB policy of not contributing by more than 25% of applicable ambient standards for NO2. It is noteworthy that at these locations the cumulative impacts do not exceed the WHO GL on national standards for 1 hourly average NO2 and therefore no additional NO2 control is required. (v) The simulations indicate that CFK PP is the major influence at nearby receptors to the Tanjung Batu power complex. Specially at Tanjung Batu village CFK is major contributor to NO2 levels in the airshed. However, as stated above, the NO2 levels at all receptors including Tanjung Batu are significantly lower than WHO GL and national standards. (vi) In gas operation mode, the contributions to NO2 due to Tanjung Batu power complex will be lower (national and international standards for NO2 emissons being more stringent for NG compared to HSD). However, the coal fired CFK power plant being the major contributor on NO2 , the rduction in NO2 levels as a result of gas operations at Tanjung Batu Power Complex will be limited.

The NO2 concentrations plots for 1 hourly and annual average values, the averaging period for which WHO GL are defined, are presented in Figures 5-6 and 5-7, respectively.

3 3 3 Coordinates NO2 (µg/m ) NO2 (µg/m ) NO2 (µg/m ) Receptors X Y 1-hr 24-hr Annual SCENARIO A - Only Kaltim Peaker 2 GLCmax 505557 9956802 17.8 0.9 0.1 R1 506344 9957915 1.8 0.1 Nil R2 505919 9957236 6.7 0.3 Nil R3 506188 9957028 7.2 0.3 Nil R4 505857 9956675 6.9 0.3 Nil R5 504998 9957039 14.2 0.8 Nil R6 511757 9960498 6.1 0.3 Nil R7 511238 9955657 4.1 0.2 Nil R8 498329 9953837 7.6 0.4 Nil R9 500219 9961091 7.3 0.3 Nil SCENARIO B - Tanjung Batu and Kaltim Peaker 1 GLCmax 506669 9958789 79.5 10.0 0.9 R1 506344 9957915 18.4 4.1 0.4 R2 505919 9957236 21.3 5.0 0.5 R3 506188 9957028 26.3 3.7 0.4 R4 505857 9956675 32.9 4.3 0.5 R5 504998 9957039 58.7 8.6 0.7 R6 511757 9960498 31.9 1.5 0.2 R7 511238 9955657 23.9 1.8 0.2 R8 498329 9953837 40.3 2.3 0.2 R9 500219 9961091 34.6 1.8 0.2 SCENARIO C - Tanjung Batu, Kaltim Peaker 1 and CFK (Existing Plants) GLCmax 509151 9958247 199.5 38.4 5.3 R1 506344 9957915 84.2 27.2 4.0 R2 505919 9957236 72.4 14.2 2.4 R3 506188 9957028 68.4 13.1 2.5 R4 505857 9956675 74.7 10.5 2.1 R5 504998 9957039 88.9 14.7 1.9 R6 511757 9960498 119.6 5.6 1.0 R7 511238 9955657 85.7 6.7 1.2 R8 498329 9953837 90.3 5.5 0.6 R9 500219 9961091 80.6 3.6 0.6 SCENARIO C - All Plants (Kaltim Peaker 1 and 2, Tanjung Batu and CFK) GLCmax 509151 9958247 199.5 38.4 5.3 R1 506344 9957915 84.7 27.2 4.0 R2 505919 9957236 72.5 14.2 2.4 R3 506188 9957028 68.4 13.1 2.5 R4 505857 9956675 74.7 10.5 2.1 R5 504998 9957039 91.2 15.1 2.0 R6 511757 9960498 125.1 5.8 1.0 R7 511238 9955657 85.7 6.9 1.2 R8 498329 9953837 97.9 5.8 0.6 R9 500219 9961091 80.6 3.6 0.6 Table 5-2: Maximum simulated NO2 Concentrations

It is also noteworthy that for 1 hourly NO2 average, WHO GL is half of national ambient air quality, and differ very significantly. For annual average, WHO GL is 0.4 of the national standards. Considering non-degraded nature of the airshed and full compliance of national ambient air quality for the cumulative impacts, it is concluded that the Project complies with the ADB policy for ambient air quality for NO2.

Figure 5-6: Cumulative Impacts: 1 hourly NO2 Contours for all plants including Kaltim Peaker 2 and CFK Power Plants

Figure 5-7: Cumulative Impacts: Annual average NO2 Contours for all plants including Kaltim Peaker 2 and CFK Power Plants

5.5.3 PM10 Scenarios

Table 5-3 presents the results of all four modeling scenarios for PM10. 3 Similar to SO2 and NO2 scenarios, while interpreting the results 25 µg/m and 10 µg/m3 are added to 1 hourly and 24 hourly average values, respective, to account for background concentration. No such additions are done for annual average concentration as the predicted values for all scenarios are much below the standards and accounting for baseline concentration does not influence the interpretation.

Based on the modelling results following observations are made:

(i) The predicted values under all four scenarios, even after accounting for background concentrations, are significantly below the national ambient air quality standard of 24 hourly average (150 µg/m3). Indonesia does not have a yearly average standard for PM10. The project therefore fully complies with national air quality standards for PM10. (ii) The predicted values under all four scenarios, even after accounting for background concentrations, are also significantly below the WHO GL for 24 hourly average (50 µg/m3) and WHO GL for yearly average (20 µg/m3). The project therefore fully complies with WHO GL for PM10. (iii) In gas operation mode for Kaltim Peaker 1 and Kaltim Peaker 2 the PM10 values will be further lower. As such the impact of proposed power plants on PM10 in the airshed in negligible and baselines conditions are not expected to be altered in any significant way.

The PM10 concentrations plots for 24 hourly and annual average values, the averaging period for which WHO GL are defined, are presented in Figures 5-8 and 5-8, respectively. It is observed that the values of PM10 are low in entire airshed.

3 3 3 Coordinates PM10 (µg/m ) PM10 (µg/m ) PM10 (µg/m ) Receptors X Y 1-hr 24-hr Annual SCENARIO A - Only Kaltim Peaker 2

GLCmax 505557 9956802 5.8 0.3 Nil R1 506344 9957915 0.6 Nil Nil R2 505919 9957236 2.2 0.1 Nil R3 506188 9957028 2.4 0.1 Nil R4 505857 9956675 2.3 0.1 Nil R5 504998 9957039 4.7 0.3 Nil R6 511757 9960498 2.0 0.1 Nil R7 511238 9955657 1.4 0.1 Nil R8 498329 9953837 2.5 0.1 Nil R9 500219 9961091 2.4 0.1 Nil SCENARIO B - Tanjung Batu and Kaltim Peaker 1

GLCmax 505705 9958540 17.6 2.21 0.2 R1 506344 9957915 4.1 0.9 0.1 R2 505919 9957236 4.7 1.1 0.1 R3 506188 9957028 5.8 0.8 0.1 R4 505857 9956675 7.3 0.9 0.1 R5 504998 9957039 13.0 1.9 0.2 R6 511757 9960498 7.1 0.3 Nil R7 511238 9955657 5.3 0.4 0.1 R8 498329 9953837 8.9 0.5 Nil R9 500219 9961091 7.7 0.4 Nil SCENARIO C - Tanjung Batu, Kaltim Peaker 1 and CFK (Existing Plants)

GLCmax 505207 9957222 17.6 2.5 0.3 R1 506344 9957915 4.6 1.4 0.3 R2 505919 9957236 4.8 1.2 0.2 R3 506188 9957028 5.9 1.0 0.2 R4 505857 9956675 7.4 1.0 0.2 R5 504998 9957039 14.1 2.2 0.2 R6 511757 9960498 11.5 0.5 0.1 R7 511238 9955657 6.9 0.6 0.1 R8 498329 9953837 11.5 0.7 0.1 R9 500219 9961091 8.1 0.5 0.1 SCENARIO C - All Plants (Kaltim Peaker 1, Kaltim Peaker 2, Tanjung Batu and CFK)

GLCmax 505168 9957190 23.2 2.6 0.3 R1 506344 9957915 4.8 1.4 0.3 R2 505919 9957236 7.0 1.2 0.2 R3 506188 9957028 8.2 1.0 0.2 R4 505857 9956675 9.6 1.0 0.2 R5 504998 9957039 16.8 2.4 0.2 R6 511757 9960498 13.3 0.6 0.1 R7 511238 9955657 6.9 0.7 0.1 R8 498329 9953837 14.0 0.8 0.1 R9 500219 9961091 10.5 0.6 0.1 Table 5-3: Maximum simulated PM10 Concentrations

Figure 5-8: Cumulative Impacts: 24 Hourly average PM10 for all plants including Kaltim Peaker 2 and CFK Power Plants

Figure 5-9: Cumulative Impacts: Annual average PM10 for all plants including Kaltim Peaker 2 and CFK Power Plants

6. Summary and Conclusions of Air Quality Modelling

In order to assess the impact on air quality derived from the activity of the future Kaltim Peaker 2 Power Plant, an Air Quality Modelling was performed using the internationally recognized modeling software AIRMOD View 9.5. The expected ambient air concentrations of SO2, NO2, and PM10 were modeled. The comparison with national and international air quality guidelines/standards has been done to assess the degradation of air quality due to power plant with respect to the levels permitted by the applicable policy.

The air quality standards considered in this study are the ones defined by the Government of Indonesia (NAAQS, established by the 1999 Government Decree No. 41); the air quality guidelines are those defined by the WHO (World Health Organization). It has in addition been assessed whether the emissions from the project contribute with more than 25% of the applicable ambient air quality standards (with the view to determine if the Power Plant project would allow additional, future sustainable development in the same airshed, as recommended by IFC).

The project area is part of Tanjung Batu Power Complex that currently has an installed capacity of 160 MW and planned capacity of 100 MW by way of gas tubines that also operate on HSD:

a. Tanjung Batu Cmbined cycle dual fuel power plant (60 MW) b. Kaltim Peaker 1 dual fuel Power Plant - 100 MW c. Kaltim Peaker 2 dual fuel Power Plant - 100 MW (the Project).

For the air quality simulation, it has been considered that all existing plants will meet the national emission limits for such power plants and Kaltim Peaker 2 will incorporate best available technologies for combustion and air emission reduction equipment to comly with the international emission standards.

The stack height of Tanjung Batu and Kaltim Peaker 1 are 80m and 26m, respective. The height of the roof of the Kaltim Power plant itself is 20m. The Kaltim Peaker 1for its stack height, therefore, does on comply with national regulations or with GIIP. To correct this design shortcoming, PLN has decided to raise the stack height of Kaltim Peaker 1 to 50m. The air quality simulations in this assessment therefore have been done using 50 stack heights for kaltim peaker 1 as well as the Kaltim Peaker 2 power plant (The Project).

The air quality simulations also include Cahaya Fajar Kaltim (CFL) coal fired power plant (110MW) that is located about 2 km north of Tanjung Batu Power Complex. The dsign data has been taken from the AMDAL study for CFK and where necessary from the prevailing practices for such plants in Indonesia. The CFK has najor influence on air quality in the project airshed for SO2 and NO2.

Worst case scenarios have been simulated where the Kaltim Peaker 2 would run on for up to six hours with HSD. The same was assumed for the neighboring plant Kaltim Peaker 1. Tanjung Batu under the worst case has been assumed to work 24 hours at full capacity. Nine sensitive receptors including Tanjung Batu village, a nearby school, staff housing cloney and other villages within the study area (10 km radial distance from the power plant complex) have been considered.

7. Conclusion

The results of model simulation assume that the all existing power plants will meet the Indonesian emission standards for diesel engine power plant and coal fired power plants, as applicable and the Kaltim Peaker 2 will meet the international standards for dual fird power plant in respective operation mode. With this assumption, Kaltim Peaker 2 Power Plant, as a standalone plant, fully complies with the Indonesian ambient air quality standards. Furthermore, for all air quality parameters its contribution to pollutant’s concentration at any point in airshed remains within 25% of Indonesian ambient air quality standards.

In terms of cumulative impacts, the CFK power plant has significant impact on the airshed and specially the nearby receptor including the village of Tanjung batu.

For SO2, due to the impact of CFK power plant, the 24 hourly average GLCs at nearby receptors to the Project are higher than the WHO GL for 24 hourly average 3). (20 µg/m As per ADB policy therefore the airshed for SO2 is termed as ‘degraded’. The SO2 contribution due to the project at all locations are however insignificant and within the permissible levels. The Project therefore complies with the ADB policy for its impacts in terms of SO2. For gas mode operations the Project will not add to SO2

For NO2 the GLC under cumulative impacts considerations are within WHO GL for 1 hourly average (200 µg/m3) at all receptors. There are some exceedances to WHO GL at about 3500m north-east of the Project. The land use at this location based on satellite data is agricultural and open vegetation. The value at this location only marginally exceeds the standards after accounting for background concentration of which may be lower than assumed value of 25 µg/m3. Considering these facts, the the airshed is terms as ‘non-degraded’ for NO2. The Project contribution to NO2 at any point being within 25% (by simulation less than 10%) of the 1 hourly average national ambient air quality standards (400 µg/m3), the project complies with ADB policy for NO2.

PM10 emissions in the airshed are low and PM10 GLCs are not a matter of concern.

In conclusion, the Project with the assumptions that it will meet the international emission standards complies with ADB policy for its impacts on air quality. It is noteworthy that for policy compliance the existing plants Tanjung Batu and Kaltim Peaker 1 also need to meet the national emission standards. The stack height for Kaltim Peaker 1 also needs to be increased to 50m. PLN therefore will monitor the stack emissions, every six months, for compliance with national standards for Tanjung Batu and Kaltim Peaker 1 and undertake additional control mesures if necessary. PLN will also raise the stack height for Kaltim Peaker 1 to 50 m before the award of construction contract for Kaltim Peaker 2 power plant.

8. References

URL 1: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/id.html

URL 2: http://www.lavalontouristinfo.com/lavalon/timor.htm

URL 3: http://www.iea-coal.org.uk/documents/82545/9423/Indonesia

URL 4: http://hukum.unsrat.ac.id/lh/menlh2008_21_1.pdf

URL 5: http://www.wrf-model.org/index.php

ADB, 2006: Country Synthesis Report on Urban Air Quality Management - Indonesia, Asian Development Bank and the Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia) Center, 2006

Ehrlich, C., et al (2007): PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0—Emissions from industrial plants— Results from measurement programmes in Germany, Atmospheric Environment No. 41 (2007).

IFC, 2007: Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines - General EHS Guidelines: Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality, International Finance Corporation, April 2007

IFC, 2008: Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants, International Finance Corporation, December 2008

OME, 2008: Methodology for modeling assessments of contaminants with 10-minute average standards and guidelines under O. Reg. 419/05, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Canada, April 2008

WHO, 2005: Air quality guidelines - global update 2005, World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland, 2005

Müller-BBM GmbH Robert-Koch-Str. 11 82152 Planegg bei München

Telephone +49(89)85602 0 Telefax +49(89)85602 111

www.MuellerBBM.de

Dr.-Ing. Carl-Christian Hantschk Telephone +49(89)85602 269 [email protected]

2018-08-02 M142123/03 HTK/DNK

Asian Development Bank

Kaltim 2 Peaker Power Plant East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Noise control feasibility study ± Tentative noise control concept and calculation of the sound pressure field in the surroundings of the plant

Report No. M142123/03

Client: Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue

018 1550 Mandaluyong City PHILIPPINES Consultants: Dr.-Ing. Carl-Christian Hantschk M. Sc. Marco Geisler Total number of pages: 30 pages in total (22 pages text, 3 pages Appendix A and 5 pages Appendix B)

Müller-BBM GmbH HRB Munich 86143 VAT Reg. No. DE812167190 S:\M\Proj\142\M142123\M142123_03_Ber_1E.DOCX : 02. 08.2 Managing directors: Joachim Bittner, Walter Grotz, Dr. Carl-Christian Hantschk, Dr. Alexander Ropertz, Stefan Schierer, Elmar Schröder

Table of contents

1 Introduction 3 2 References 4 3 Site description 5 4 Nomenclature and reference levels 5 5 Acoustic requirements and Noise Sensitive Receptors (NSRs) 6 6 Operating scenarios 7 7 Sound sources and sound transmission paths 8 7.1 General remarks 8 7.2 Input data and assumptions 9 8 3D acoustic calculation model ± general remarks and calculation procedure 12 8.1 Characteristics of acoustic sound emission 12 8.2 Characteristics of noise at points-of-interest (POI) 12 8.3 Sound propagation effects ± meteorology 12 8.4 Calculation of the noise at the POIs 13 9 3D acoustic calculation model ± model set-up 14 9.1 General remarks 14 9.2 Co-ordinates, topography and geometry 15 9.3 Sound sources 15 10 Model calculations and results ± state as is (current state) 16 10.1 Operating scenarios 16 10.2 Results ± state as is (current state) 16 11 Tentative noise control concept 18 11.1 General remarks 18 12 Noise control measures proposed 19 13 Model calculations and results ± state with additional noise control (future state) 20 Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018 13.1 Operating scenarios 20 13.2 Results ± state with additional noise control (future state) 20 14 Uncertainty 22

Appendix A Site and layout plans Appendix B Sound field contour plots

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1 Introduction PT.PLN (Persero) intends to develop "Kaltim 2 Peaker" power plant (Kaltim 2) that will be located in a power plants complex in the Tenggarong Seberang District, in the East Kalimantan Province in Indonesia. Kaltim 2 will be a gas turbine power plant of approximately 2 x 50 MW nominal output that will be operated in peaking mode, i.e. it will supply electric power to the local grid, primarily during times of high demand. In an earlier phase, a first tentative assessment of the acoustic impact of Kaltim 2 and of the two neighbouring power plants has been made within the context of an environmental study for the project. For this purpose, the noise study in [1] has been prepared. It was based on the estimated sound emissions of the acoustically relevant components of all three power plants and has determined the acoustic effect on the surrounding areas for the three plants. A digital 3D acoustic model for sound propagation calculations has been established and used to predict and simulate the sound field around the three power plants, i.e. the sound pressure levels in their surroundings. In [1] the power plants have been modeled in their state / state of planning at the time of the preparation of [1] and based on the information available at that time to determine the initial state for the project. Accordingly, no measures to reduce the sound emissions from any of the plants have been taken into account in this phase. In the current phase of the project, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is in the process of developing a compliant Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for ADB loan approval. As the results from [1] show that the calculated sound levels are not fully compliant with the acoustical requirements targeted for, a noise control feasibility study is to be prepared in the present study. The objective is to determine a tentative noise control concept for the three power stations that is suitable to achieve an acceptable degree of compliance with the acoustic requirements. In a subsequent step, a final noise control concept that is optimized in terms of costs, impact, maintenance etc. can be developed based on the results from the present study.

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2 References [1] Müller-BBM GmbH: Fichtner GmbH & Co. KG. Kaltim 2 Peaker Power Plant East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Noise study ± Calculation of the sound pressure field in the surroundings of the plant. Report No. M135767/01. 2017-09-05. [2] Vijay Joshi: Some observations on noise at Kaltim. E-mail from Mr. Joshi to Mr. Geisler. 2018-02-23. [3] Vijay Joshi: IMG_0940.jpg, IMG_0905.jpg, IMG_0937.jpg, IMG_0949.jpg, IMG_0953.jpg. Attachments to e-mail from Mr. Joshi to Mr. Hantschk. 2018-02-23. [4] Vijay Joshi: Fwd: M142123 / Kaltim station, noise control feasibility study ± Update 1. E-mail from Mr. Joshi to Mr. Hantschk. 2018-02-28. [5] Vijay Joshi: Two more pictures where I measured the source strength. E-mail from Mr. Joshi to Mr. Hantschk. 2018-02-27. [6] Minister of Environment Regulation No. KEP. 48/MENLH/11/1996. Noise Quality Standards. 1996-11-25. [7] ISO 9613-2: Acoustics ± Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors ± Part 2: General method of calculation. 1996. [8] Sechste Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zum Bundes-Immissionsschutz- gesetz (Technische Anleitung zum Schutz gegen Lärm ± TA Lärm) vom 26. August 1998, GMBl 1998, Nr. 26, S. 503. [9] Cadna/A, version 4.6.155 (32 Bit), Datakustik GmbH.

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3 Site description "Kaltim 2 Peaker" power plant will be located in a power plants complex near Tanjung Batu Village, Tenggarong Seberang District, Kutai Kartanegara regency, East Kalimantan Province in Indonesia. The approximate site co-ordinates are 9957531.00 m S, 505763.00 m E in zone 50M (WGS 84). The plant will be a gas turbine power plant of approximately 2 x 50 MW nominal output that will be operated in peaking mode, i.e. it will be supplying electric power to the local grid, primarily during times of high demand. Kaltim 2 will comprise a total of two identical gas turbines, each with its own stack. The gas turbines will have dual fuel firing capability with the primary fuel being Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and high- speed diesel (HSD) being used as a back-up fuel in case of reduced or interrupted natural gas supply. The turbines will be provided with enclosures. These enclosures and the generators will be under a common roof, but otherwise, like most other plant equipment, will effectively be installed in the open. Kaltim 2 power plant will have two other power plants as immediate neigbours ± power plants "Kaltim 1" and "Tanjung Batu". Tanjung Batu is a combined cycle gas and steam turbine plant with a total power output of 60 MW. It comprises two gas- fired or diesel-fired gas turbines (20 MW each), each with a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a steam turbine (20 MW). Kaltim 1 and 2 are very similar ± more or less Kaltim 2 will be a copy of the 2 x 80 MW station Kaltim 1, but with less power output. Non-industrial neighbour of Kaltim 2 is the village of Tanjung Batu, located to the northeast in direct vicinity of the project site. Figure A 1 on page 2 in Appendix A shows a satellite view of the area around the power plant complex with the locations of plants Tanjung Batu and Kaltim 1, the planned location of Kaltim 2 and the points-of-interest (POIs). Figure A 2 on page 3 in Appendix A shows a closer view of Kaltim 1 and of the planned location of Kaltim 2 with an overlay showing the planned layout with some of the equipment to be installed.

4 Nomenclature and reference levels In this document, the following nomenclature is used for sound levels:

- A-weighted levels are marked by the index letter "A" (as in LA or LWA, for example) and the units [dB(A)].

- Levels given without the index letter "A" (as L or LW, for example) are linear Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018 (unweighted) levels and are marked by the units [dB]. Sound pressure levels in this study are relative to the reference factor 2 10-5 Pa; sound power levels are relative to the reference factor 1 10-12 W. Unlike its use in English language, the comma is used as the decimal separator in this report.

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5 Acoustic requirements and Noise Sensitive Receptors (NSRs) At present, specific acoustic requirements that Kaltim 2 or the existing power plants have to comply with have not yet been finally defined by the authorities. As a guideline, it can be assumed that the limits defined in Indonesian legislation [6] will be applicable: Far-field limits (Noise Sensitive Receptors (NSRs)): The A-weighted sound pressure level at specific locations must not exceed the corresponding limit values as specified below. The given values are valid for both day time and night time.

Location Limit Settlements and housing areas 55 dB(A) Industrial areas 70 dB(A)

The sound pressure level of the noise received from the power plant complex at the following specific points-of-interest (POIs) ± where satellite views show structures that may qualify as Noise Sensitive Receptors (NSRs) ± has been calculated in this study for different operating scenarios (see next section): - POI 1: "School" - POI 2: "Staff houses 1" - POI 3: "Staff houses 2" - POI 4: "Farm house" - POI 5: "Fishermen village" Figure A 1 on page 2 in Appendix A shows a satellite view of the area around the power plant complex and the POIs.

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6 Operating scenarios For the assessment of the acoustic impact of the three power plants as described above, two basic states for the plants will be differentiated in this study: - the state as is (the current state) and - the state with the tentative noise control concept according to section 11 executed (the future state). The following operating scenarios will be simulated: - Scenario 0-3-0 - Kaltim 1 operational ± only ONE unit in operation ± state as is (no additional noise control). This scenario is used for checking of the acoustic calculation model by comparison with measurement data reported from site. - Scenario 1-1-0 - Tanjung Batu operational ± all units in operation ± state as is (no additional noise control) and - Kaltim 1 operational ± all units in operation ± state as is (no additional noise control). This is the CURRENT (= as is, without additional noise control) full load (= worst case) scenario. - Scenario 1-1-1 - Tanjung Batu operational ± all units in operation ± state as is (no additional noise control) and - Kaltim 1 operational ± all units in operation ± state as is (no additional noise control) and - Kaltim 2 operational ± all units in operation ± state without noise control. - Scenario 2-2-0 - Tanjung Batu operational ± all units in operation ± with additional noise control and - Kaltim 1 operational ± all units in operation ± with additional noise control. - Scenario 0-0-2

Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018 - Kaltim 2 operational ± all units in operation ± with additional noise control.

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- Scenario 2-2-2 - Tanjung Batu operational ± all units in operation ± with additional noise control and - Kaltim 1 operational ± all units in operation ± with additional noise control and - Kaltim 2 operational ± all units in operation ± with additional noise control. This is the FUTURE (= with noise control) full load (= worst case) scenario. For all scenarios simulations will be performed for the active power plant(s) in normal, failure-free operation. Special operating conditions such as start-up, shutdown, emergencies or by-pass operation are not taken into account in this study.

7 Sound sources and sound transmission paths 7.1 General remarks The term "sound source" is used in this study mostly for items that directly generate and radiate sound. "Sound transmission paths" are items that do not generate sound directly by themselves, but are transmitting sound generated by other sources. Examples are the facades of buildings which, ultimately, radiate part of the sound generated by the equipment inside. Information on the layout and design of the three power plants, on the equipment installed or to be installed and on the technical data of this equipment is very limited in the current stage. In the modeling process various assumptions had to be made as to the components of the power plants that are / will be installed, their location, elevation, properties and operating conditions and their relevance in terms of acoustic impact. Layout of the power plants and dimensions and geometry of the equipment installed or planned to be installed have been assumed as in [1]. For the components taken into account the A-weighted sound power levels, which determine the sound emission of the relevant sound sources and sound transmission paths, have been estimated as in [1] but have been updated with new information where available ([2], [3], [4], [5]). In particular, new information from site shows or indicates - that there is a silencer installed in each exhaust gas system between the gas turbine and the heat recovery steam generator in Tanjung Batu, and - that there is a silencer installed in the gas turbine exhaust stacks in Kaltim 1 Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018 (which will, therefore, be assumed to be present in Kaltim 2 as well). In addition, noise measurement data reported from site in [2] has been used to verify the acoustic calculation model by comparison of the corresponding results. Note that modifications of the layout or geometry that do not lead to significant changes in the volume, the surface or the locations of equipment usually do not have a significant influence on the noise emissions of the equipment and the sound field around it.

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7.2 Input data and assumptions 7.2.1 Tanjung Batu power plant For Tanjung Batu power plant the following individual sound sources and sound transmission paths have been considered in the sound emission and propagation calculations: 1. Gas turbine air intake ducts 2. Gas turbine air intake openings 3. Gas turbine exhaust ducts ± gas turbine to HRSG 4. HRSGs 5. HRSG stack walls 6. HRSG stack exit openings 7. HRSG feedwater pumps 8. Gas / steam turbine building 9. Gas / steam turbine building ± ventilation openings 10. Water treatment plant 11. Cooling water intake pumps 12. Waste water treatment plant 13. Air compressor plant 14. Cooling water pumps 15. Fuel gas station 16. Fuel oil unloading pump 17. Fuel oil transfer pump 18. Generator transformers 19. Unit auxiliary transformers 20. PDC transformers 21. Generators 22. Substation control building ± HVACs 23. Central control room ± HVACs

Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018 24. Administration building ± HVACs 25. Radiator coolers For these items the following specific notes apply: - Equipment inside the gas and steam turbine building (item 8) with sound emissions taken into account are the steam turbine and associated generator.

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7.2.2 Kaltim 1 power plant For Kaltim 1 power plant the following individual sound sources and sound transmission paths have been considered in the sound emission and propagation calculations: 1. Gas turbine air intake ducts 2. Gas turbine air intake openings 3. Gas turbine exhaust ducts 4. Gas turbine stack walls 5. Gas turbine stack exit openings 6. Gas turbine enclosures 7. Gas turbine enclosure ± ventilation openings 8. Generators 9. Water treatment plant 10. Waste water treatment plant 11. Air compressing unit 12. Cooling water pumps 13. Gas metering 14. Fuel oil feeding pumps 15. Fuel oil transfer pumps 16. Main transformers 17. Auxiliary transformers 18. PDC transformers 19. Substation control building ± HVACs 20. MCC building ± HVACs 21. Administration building ± HVACs 22. Radiator coolers For these items the following specific notes apply: - Equipment inside the gas turbine enclosures (item 6) with sound emissions taken into account are the gas turbines. Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018

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7.2.3 Kaltim 2 power plant For Kaltim 2 power plant the following individual sound sources and sound transmission paths have been considered in the sound emission and propagation calculations: 1. Gas turbine air intake ducts 2. Gas turbine air intake openings 3. Gas turbine exhaust ducts 4. Gas turbine stack walls 5. Gas turbine stack exit openings 6. Gas turbine enclosures 7. Gas turbine enclosure ± ventilation openings 8. Generators 9. Water treatment unit 10. Waste water treatment plant 11. Air compressing plant 12. Cooling water pumps 13. Fuel gas station 14. Fuel oil feeding pumps 15. Fuel oil transfer pumps 16. Generator transformers 17. Unit auxiliary transformers 18. PDC transformers 19. Substation control building ± HVACs 20. Central control room ± HVACs 21. Administration building ± HVACs 22. Radiator coolers For these items the same specific notes as for Kaltim 1 above apply.

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8 3D acoustic calculation model ± general remarks and calculation procedure 8.1 Characteristics of acoustic sound emission A characteristic feature of a sound source is the spectrum of its sound power

level LW. The sound power level in dB indicates the sound power W emitted by a -12 sound source on a logarithmic scale, related to Wo = 10 Watt:

LW = 10 log (W/Wo) dB. In practice, a frequency weighting of the levels is usually carried out according to the standardised A-weighting curve, so that the spectral sensitivity of the human ear is taken into account. This is marked by the letter A in the index:

LWA in dB(A).

LWA is called A-weighted sound power level. Its spectrum is given in octave bandwidth in this report.

8.2 Characteristics of noise at points-of-interest (POI) Points-of-interest (POI) in the context here can be the POIs defined in section 5, but, in principle, also any other point in or around the power plants for which the sound pressure level received from the plants is to be calculated. For example, such POIs can be workplaces within the plant, points at the facility boundary or locations in the facilities¶ surroundings. The noise at arbitrary POIs is described by the sound pressure level (or simply: sound level) L in dB, which indicates the sound pressure p caused by a sound source -5 2 on a logarithmic scale, normalised by the reference pressure po = 2 10 N/m :

L = 20 log (p/po) dB. When using the A-weighting curve:

LA in dB(A).

LA is called A-weighted sound pressure level or A-weighted sound level.

8.3 Sound propagation effects ± meteorology The sound propagation conditions, which determine the A-weighted sound pressure levels caused by a sound source at a specific POI, can vary significantly depending on the meteorological situation ± in particular, wind direction and velocity as well as

Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018 the stability of the atmosphere have a pronounced impact. As a result, the sound pressure levels received at POIs at greater distances can differ accordingly. Usually, the highest A-weighted sound levels are measured if the wind blows towards the measuring position from the direction of the sound source.

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This situation with moderate wind speeds also leads to the highest reproducibility of measurements, i.e. the smallest variance of the measured sound pressure levels at

the POIs. Thus, the average downwind A-weighted sound pressure level LA(DW) (average downwind level according to [8]) can be determined by only a few measurements and is the suitable measuring quantity for determining the sound pressure levels caused by the plant at a POI. Such a situation is given when the wind direction deviates by at most 45° from the connecting line between sound source and measuring position.

The A-weighted sound pressure level LA(LT), which is energetically averaged over a longer period, i.e. over all occurring wind directions (long-term average level accord-

ing to [8]), is smaller than the average downwind level LA(DW):

LA(LT) = LA(DW) ± Cmet.

The meteorological correction Cmet, which can be calculated according to [7], depends on the distance d between sound source and measuring position, on the height of the sound source and the receiver as well as on the local weather statistics

for wind velocity and direction. The latter effects are accounted for by the factor Co (see [7]). If local weather statistics are available, they can be used as a basis for the

calculation of the values of Co. If no weather statistics are at hand, the calculation is usually made with a constant value of Co = 2, which is independent of direction.

According to TA Lärm [8] the long-term average level LA(LT) should be used for an acoustic assessment and has been used in the calculations performed here. The

meteorological correction Cmet has been calculated for Co = 2.

8.4 Calculation of the noise at the POIs If the acoustic emission of a sound source or part of a plant is known, the noise caused at a distance d can be calculated. The calculation method used by the acoustic model in this report is described in ISO 9613-2 [7]. Calculation was performed frequency-dependent in octave bandwidth. From the octave band

spectrum LW of a sound power level of a sound source, the expected average sound

pressure level in downwind direction Lf(DW) at a distance d of the sound source and at the octave band frequency f was calculated according to the following equation:

Lf (DW) = LW + Dc - Adiv - Aatm - Agr - Abar - Amisc with

Dc directivity correction,

Adiv attenuation due to geometrical divergence, Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018

Aatm attenuation due to atmospheric absorption (at 20 °C and 70 % relative humidity),

Agr attenuation due to the ground effect,

Abar attenuation due to a barrier,

Amisc attenuation due to miscellaneous other effects.

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Regarding the attenuation Agr due to the ground effect, [7] offers two methods: - General method: frequency-dependent calculation, taking into consideration the acoustic properties of the ground area in the vicinity of the sound source, in the vicinity of the POI and in between. This method can be applied for all types of noise and for nearly even ground. - Alternative method: calculation not depending on the frequency. This method can be applied for any type of ground if only the A-weighted sound pressure level at the reception point is of interest, if the sound propagation is mainly via porous ground, and if the sound is no pure tone. Attenuation due to ground effect has been accounted for by the alternative method in the calculations performed here.

9 3D acoustic calculation model ± model set-up 9.1 General remarks In the following sections the most important model features are described in general terms and special aspects are pointed out. Calculation of the sound pressure levels at the POIs is made by computational sound propagation calculation for industrial noise emissions according to the procedure "Detaillierte Prognose" ("Detailed prognosis") in [8]. The sound propagation calculation program used [9] approximates curved elements by polygons and automatically splits up line and area sources into sub-units with dimensions that are small relative to the distances to the POIs so that they can be treated as point sources. In the sound propagation calculations, excess attenuation caused by - distance, - sound absorption in air, and - barrier effects (including diffraction around vertical edges) is taken into account. Attenuation due to meteorology and ground effect are accounted for in the model (see sections 8.3 and 8.4). Up to three reflections at the obstacles present in the model are considered.

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9.2 Co-ordinates, topography and geometry An orthogonal co-ordinate system is used. The co-ordinate axes are shown in the frames of the sound pressure level contour plots on pages 2 to 4 in Appendix B. The locations of all items that are relevant from an acoustics point-of-view are entered for the calculations in x-, y- and h-co-ordinates. In particular, in the calculations performed these items are: - point, line and area sound sources, - obstacles and noise barriers, - contour lines of the topography, - POIs. Dimensions, geometry, location and arrangement of the three power plants and the associated equipment were assumed approximately as in [1]. The height of the POIs used in the calculations (i.e. the height of the horizontal sound field contour plots from sections 10.2.2 and 13.2.2) is 1,5 m above the ground. For obstacles and barriers, the edges where sound diffraction may take place as well as the vertical surfaces where sound waves are reflected are taken into account. A reflection loss of 1 dB is assumed which is a conservative assumption for most technical surfaces. The topography is taken from the same digital terrain model data as in [1].

9.3 Sound sources All sound sources active (i.e. "on" or emitting noise) in the simulation for a particular operating scenario according to section 6 are specified in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1. Scenarios without additional noise control: Sound sources active (i.e. "on" or emitting noise) in the simulations for operating scenarios 0-3-0, 1-1-0 and 1-1-1 according to section 6 ("nc" = noise control).

1 Sound source * Active / inactive ("±") in Scenario Scenario Scenario 0-3-0 1-1-0 1-1-1 Tanjung Batu power plant - active, no nc active, no nc ONE unit active, Kaltim 1 power plant active, no nc active, no nc no nc Kaltim 2 power plant - - active, no nc 1 Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018 * For the individual sound sources and sound transmission paths taken into account for each power plant see sections 7.2.1 to 7.2.3.

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Table 2. Scenarios with additional noise control: Sound sources active (i.e. "on" or emitting noise) in the simulations for operating scenarios 2-2-0, 0-0-2 and 2-2-2 according to section 6 ("nc" = noise control).

1 Sound source * Active / inactive ("±") in Scenario Scenario Scenario 2-2-0 0-0-2 2-2-2 Tanjung Batu power plant active, with nc - active, with nc Kaltim 1 power plant active, with nc - active, with nc Kaltim 2 power plant - active, with nc active, with nc *1 For the individual sound sources and sound transmission paths taken into account for each power plant see sections 7.2.1 to 7.2.3.

Some groups of individual sound sources and sound transmission paths (see sections 7.2.1 to 7.2.3), for which no detailed information on the individual components is available, have been merged together into common area sound sources with corresponding overall sound emissions in the model. For such common sources the computed results do not resolve the sound field locally for the influence of the individual components of the source. The sound emitted from stack openings has a significant directivity, i.e. it is not radiated uniformly in all directions. Since the directivity of these sources cannot be properly predicted without detailed knowledge about the equipment design and process parameters, it has only approximately been accounted for in the computations presented in this report.

10 Model calculations and results ± state as is (current state) 10.1 Operating scenarios Calculations for the state as is (current state) of the power plants have been performed with the corresponding operating scenarios 0-3-0, 1-1-0 and 1-1-1 specified in section 6.

10.2 Results ± state as is (current state) 10.2.1 Noise at the POIs

The calculated A-weighted long-term average sound pressure levels LA(LT) (see section 8.3) of the noise received at the POIs are listed in Tables 3, 4 and 5 for the three operating scenarios. Table 3, in addition, lists the measured A-weighted sound

Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018 pressure level LA reported in [2] from site for verification of the acoustic calculation model.

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Table 3. Calculated total A-weighted long-term average sound pressure level LA(LT) and measured A-weighted sound pressure level LA reported in [2] from site at the POIs for operational scenario 0-3-0 (Kaltim 1 operational, only ONE unit, state as is).

Total A-weighted sound pressure level [dB(A)]

POI LA(LT) as calculated LA as reported from site [2] Scenario 0-3-0 POI 1: School 62,7 54,2 POI 2: Staff houses 1 53,5 45,2 POI 3: Staff houses 2 50,3 47,2 POI 4: Farm house 46,5 - POI 5: Fishermen village 53,9 54,0

The comparison made in Table 3 shows that the results from the 3D acoustic calculation model are in good agreement with the measurement data reported from site at POI 5 ± which is of high importance in terms of impact for the population. For the other POIs the model is conservative, i. e. the predicted levels are between 3,1 dB and 8,5 dB higher than the levels observed on site. Note that, during the measurements, the single unit operated in Kaltim 1 has operated in part load (ca. 60 MW), which is not taken into account in the simulations (that assume full load of 80 MW for the unit).

Table 4. Calculated total A-weighted long-term average sound pressure level LA(LT) at the POIs for operational scenario 1-1-0 (Tanjung Batu and Kaltim 1 operational, all units, state as is).

Total A-weighted sound pressure level LA(LT) [dB(A)] POI Scenario 1-1-0 POI 1: School 66,7 POI 2: Staff houses 1 57,4 POI 3: Staff houses 2 54,3 POI 4: Farm house 51,0 POI 5: Fishermen village 59,0

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Table 5. Calculated total A-weighted long-term average sound pressure level LA(LT) at the POIs for operational scenario 1-1-1 (Tanjung Batu, Kaltim 1 and Kaltim 2 operational, all units, state as is / without noise control).

Total A-weighted sound pressure level LA(LT) [dB(A)] POI Scenario 1-1-1 POI 1: School 70,6 POI 2: Staff houses 1 60,2 POI 3: Staff houses 2 56,4 POI 4: Farm house 53,5 POI 5: Fishermen village 60,4

10.2.2 Calculated sound pressure fields The sound pressure field around the three power plants has been computed by use of the 3D acoustic calculation model for the two "as is (current state)" operating scenarios 1-1-0 and 1-1-1. The results are presented here as sound field contour plots with contour lines of equal sound pressure level which show the calculated total

A-weighted long-term average sound pressure levels LA(LT) received from the power plants. In the contour plots that are presented on pages 2 and 3 in Appendix B, the grid resolution for the sound pressure field is 20 m in horizontal and vertical direction. The elevation chosen is 1,5 m above ground.

11 Tentative noise control concept 11.1 General remarks The established 3D acoustic calculation model comprises the acoustically relevant sound sources and sound transmission paths in the three power plants as far as known or as can reasonably be assumed. In addition, other items that are relevant from an acoustics point-of-view are taken into account ± for example buildings and other obstacles that can have an influence on propagating sound by acting as barriers to sound waves or by reflecting sound waves. By use of the model, the acoustic situation around the power stations can be determined for any modifications of the sound emissions of individual sources or any effects influencing sound

Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018 propagation. Based on the model, the effect of different noise control measures on the sound field around the power stations has been tested and a tentative noise control concept for the three power stations that is suitable to achieve an acceptable degree of compliance with the acoustic requirements according to section 5 has been determined.

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Other noise control concepts and solutions will exist with similar or different results, but the objective of the present study is to demonstrate that compliance with the requirements can be achieved by application of standard and proven noise control technology. The objective is not the determination of a final detailed noise control concept that is optimized in terms of costs, impact, maintenance etc. This needs to be done in a subsequent step, based on the results from the present study.

12 Noise control measures proposed The following noise control measures (noise mitigation measures) have been tested for their effect with the 3D acoustic calculation model. Note that there are silencers already installed in the exhaust gas system of Tanjung Batu and in the gas turbine exhaust stacks in Kaltim 1 (see section 7.1). It is assumed that similar silencers as in Kaltim 1 will also be present in Kaltim 2. Tanjung Batu - Gas turbine air intake openings (both units) Installation of a silencer - Type: absorption splitter silencer - Length: 1,0 m - Splitter thickness: 100 mm - Splitter gap width: 100 mm Kaltim 1 - Gas turbine air intake openings (both units) Installation of a silencer - Type: absorption splitter silencer - Length: 0,5 m - Splitter thickness: 100 mm - Splitter gap width: 100 mm Kaltim 2 - Gas turbine air intake openings (both units) Installation of a silencer - Type: absorption splitter silencer - Length: 0,5 m - Splitter thickness: 100 mm - Splitter gap width: 100 mm

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13 Model calculations and results ± state with additional noise control (future state) 13.1 Operating scenarios Calculations for the state with additional noise control (future state) of the power plants have been performed with the corresponding operating scenarios 2-2-0, 0-0-2 and 2-2-2 specified in section 6.

13.2 Results ± state with additional noise control (future state) 13.2.1 Noise at the POIs

The calculated A-weighted long-term average sound pressure levels LA(LT) (see section 8.3) of the noise received at the POIs are listed in Tables 6, 7 and 8 for the three operating scenarios.

Table 6. Calculated A-weighted long-term average sound pressure level LA(LT) at the POIs for operational scenario 2-2-0 (Tanjung Batu and Kaltim 1 operational, all units, with additional noise control).

Total A-weighted sound pressure level LA(LT) [dB(A)] POI Scenario 2-2-0 POI 1: School 62,3 POI 2: Staff houses 1 54,7 POI 3: Staff houses 2 52,2 POI 4: Farm house 50,6 POI 5: Fishermen village 55,8

Table 7. Calculated A-weighted long-term average sound pressure level LA(LT) at the POIs for operational scenario 0-0-2 (Kaltim 2 operational, all units, with additional noise control).

Total A-weighted sound pressure level LA(LT) [dB(A)] POI Scenario 0-0-2 POI 1: School 63,5 POI 2: Staff houses 1 53,9 Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2018 POI 3: Staff houses 2 49,5 POI 4: Farm house 48,0 POI 5: Fishermen village 50,7

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Table 8. Calculated A-weighted long-term average sound pressure level LA(LT) at the POIs for operational scenario 2-2-2 (Tanjung Batu, Kaltim 1 and Kaltim 2 operational, all units, with additional noise control).

Total A-weighted sound pressure level LA(LT) [dB(A)] POI Scenario 2-2-2 POI 1: School 66,1 POI 2: Staff houses 1 57,8 POI 3: Staff houses 2 54,6 POI 4: Farm house 53,2 POI 5: Fishermen village 57,2

13.2.2 Calculated sound pressure fields The sound pressure field around the three power plants has been computed by use of the 3D acoustic calculation model for the "with additional noise control (future state)" operating scenarios 0-0-2 and 2-2-2. The results are again presented as sound field contour plots with contour lines of equal sound pressure level which show

the calculated total A-weighted long-term average sound pressure levels LA(LT) received from the power plants. In the contour plots that are presented on pages 4 and 5 in Appendix B, the grid resolution for the sound pressure field is 20 m in horizontal and vertical direction. The elevation chosen is 1,5 m above ground.

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14 Uncertainty The degree of detail that could be accounted for in the sound emission and propagation calculations is very limited because only very general data is available in the current stage for the three power plants modeled. Accordingly, the accuracy of the obtained results, is limited. Values given in this report are as calculated with one digit behind the comma. Note that the actual accuracy of the calculation results is not 0,1 dB. The uncertainty for the results of a sound propagation calculation depends on the individual uncertainties of the sound emission data, the propagation calculation itself and the relative importance of all sources that contribute to the sound pressure level calculated at a specific POI. Consequently, the uncertainty of a predicted sound pressure level is generally different for every POI and every operating condition. For the calculations performed, these uncertainties have not been determined and no deductions or additions of any kind have been made to take them into account. In all given values, tolerances have not been added or subtracted, no safety margins have been included.

Dr.-Ing. Carl-Christian Hantschk M.Sc. Marco Geisler Telephone +49 (0)89 / 8 56 02 - 269 +49 (0)89 / 8 56 02 - 3004

The results relate only to the investigated subjects.

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Appendix A

Site and layout plans

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Figure A 1. Satellite view of the area around the power plant complex: locations of plants Tanjung Batu and Kaltim 1, planned location of Kaltim 2 and points-of-interest (POIs) [1].

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Figure A 2. Satellite view of the area around power plant Kaltim 1 and planned plant Kaltim 2 with overlay showing the planned locations of plant Kaltim 2 and a layout with some of the equipment to be installed [1].

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Sound field contour plots 018 S:\M\Proj\142\M142123\M142123_03_Ber_1E.DOCX:02. 08.2

M142123/0 HTK/DNK 2018-08-02 Appendix B, Page 1 504400 504500 504600 504700 504800 504900 505000 505100 505200 505300 505400 505500 505600 505700 505800 505900 506000 506100 506200 506300 506400 506500 506600 506700 506800 506900 507000 507100 507200 507300 507400 507500 9958400 9958400 9958300 9958300 9958200 9958200 9958100 9958100 9958000 9958000 POI 5 9957900 9957900 Tanjung Batu 70 dB(A) 9957800 9957800

65 dB(A) 9957700 9957700 9957600 9957600 Kaltim 1 60 dB(A) 9957500 9957500

9957400 Kaltim 2 9957400 55 dB(A) 9957300 9957300

POI 1

9957200 50 dB(A) 9957200 9957100 9957100

POI 4 POI 3 9957000 9957000 POI 2 9956900 9956900

45 dB(A) 9956800 9956800 9956700 9956700 9956600 9956600 9956500 9956500

9956400 Maßstab 1 : 8500 9956400 504400 504500 504600 504700 504800 504900 505000 505100 505200 505300 505400 505500 505600 505700 505800 505900 506000 506100 506200 506300 506400 506500 506600 506700 506800 506900 507000 507100 507200 507300 507400 507500

\\s-muc-fs01\AlleFirmen\M\Proj\142\M142123\CadnaA\M142123_01_BER_1D_03.cna - Variante: Tanjung Batu + Kaltim 1 Figure B 1. A-wtd sound pressure levels LA(LT) at 1.5 m above ground Scenario 1-1-0 (Tanjung + Kaltim 1 operational, all units, state as is). M142123/0 HTK 2018-0- Appendix B, Page 2 504400 504500 504600 504700 504800 504900 505000 505100 505200 505300 505400 505500 505600 505700 505800 505900 506000 506100 506200 506300 506400 506500 506600 506700 506800 506900 507000 507100 507200 507300 507400 507500 9958400 9958400 9958300 9958300 9958200 9958200 9958100 9958100 9958000 9958000 POI 5 9957900 9957900 Tanjung Batu 70 dB(A) 9957800 9957800

65 dB(A) 9957700 9957700 9957600 9957600 Kaltim 1 60 dB(A) 9957500 9957500

9957400 Kaltim 2 9957400 55 dB(A) 9957300 9957300

POI 1 9957200 9957200

50 dB(A) 9957100 9957100

POI 4 POI 3 9957000 9957000 POI 2 9956900 9956900 9956800 9956800 9956700 9956700 9956600 9956600 9956500 9956500

\\s-muc-fs01\AlleFirmen\M\Proj\142\M142123\CadnaA\M142123_01_BER_1D_03.cna - Variante: full operation Figure B 2. A-wtd sound pressure levels LA(LT) at 1.5 m above ground Scenario 1-1-1 (Tanjung + Kaltim 1 + Kaltim 2 operational, all units, state as is). M142123/0 HTK 2018-0- Appendix B, Page 3 504400 504500 504600 504700 504800 504900 505000 505100 505200 505300 505400 505500 505600 505700 505800 505900 506000 506100 506200 506300 506400 506500 506600 506700 506800 506900 507000 507100 507200 507300 507400 507500 9958400 9958400 9958300 9958300 9958200 9958200

45 dB(A) 9958100 9958100 9958000 9958000 50 dB(A) POI 5 9957900 9957900 Tanjung Batu 55 dB(A) 9957800 9957800

60 dB(A) 9957700 9957700 65 dB(A) 9957600 9957600 Kaltim 1 70 dB(A) 9957500 9957500

9957400 Kaltim 2 9957400 9957300 9957300

POI 1 9957200 9957200 9957100 9957100

POI 4 POI 3 9957000 9957000 POI 2 9956900 9956900 9956800 9956800 9956700 9956700 9956600 9956600 9956500 9956500

S:\M\Proj\142\M142123\CadnaA\M142123_01_BER_2D.cna - Variante: Kaltim 2_SIL Figure B 3. A-wtd sound pressure levels LA(LT) at 1.5 m above ground Scenario 0-0-2 (Kaltim 2 operational, all units, with noise control). M142123/0 HTK 2018-08-02 Appendix B, Page 504400 504500 504600 504700 504800 504900 505000 505100 505200 505300 505400 505500 505600 505700 505800 505900 506000 506100 506200 506300 506400 506500 506600 506700 506800 506900 507000 507100 507200 507300 507400 507500 9958400 9958400 9958300 9958300 9958200 9958200 9958100 9958100 9958000 9958000 POI 5 9957900 9957900 Tanjung Batu 70 dB(A) 9957800 9957800

65 dB(A) 9957700 9957700 9957600 9957600 Kaltim 1 60 dB(A) 9957500 9957500

9957400 Kaltim 2 9957400 55 dB(A) 9957300 9957300

POI 1 9957200 9957200

50 dB(A) 9957100 9957100

POI 4 POI 3 9957000 9957000 POI 2 9956900 9956900 9956800 9956800 9956700 9956700 9956600 9956600 9956500 9956500

\\s-muc-fs01\AlleFirmen\M\Proj\142\M142123\CadnaA\M142123_01_BER_1D_03.cna - Variante: full operation_SIL Figure B . A-wtd sound pressure levels LA(LT) at 1.5 m above ground Scenario 2-2-2 (Tanjung + Kaltim 1 + Kaltim 2 operational, all units, with noise control). M142123/0 HTK 2018-0- Appendix B, Page E. Biodiversity Study

Irrawaddy Dolphin

Danielle Kreb (researcher who studies Irrawaddy dolphin for more than 20 years), concluded that the Orcaella brevirostris found in the Mahakam river is an isolated sub- population (Kreb, personal communication, August 2017). The Mahakam fresh water dolphin classified as IUCN: Critically endangered. The population of wild dolphins based on 2005 estimate is less than 70 individuals. In the early 1980s, dolphins were found in Samarinda, and since early 1990s the dolphins only found upriver about 180 km from the coast around Muara Kaman and Datah Bilang. Dolphin hunts their prey in the upstream of Mahakam River and its tributaries. River pollution and intensive fishing using gill net, as well as conversion of wet land forest to palm plantation caused the destruction of fish habitat.

Based on the results of the dolphin mortality data collected by Kreb from 1995 to 2005 there were 48 deaths documented consisting of adults (81%), juveniles (15%) and calves (4%). Most dolphins (66%) died as a result of gillnet entanglement with mesh sizes of 10 -17.5 cm, other causes of death were: hit by a boat, trapped in shallow waters, killed by electro and hook fishing as shown in the graph below.

Dolphin mortality data 1995 to 2005 (Kreb 2005)

Recently there have been some reports of people watching fresh water dolphins downstream of Muara Kaman, and RASI foundation will follow up the report by conducting survey for dolphin downstream of Muara Kaman. (Kreb, personal communication, August 2017)

At present the Irrawaddy Dolphin were observed at Muara Kaman of about 42 km upstream of the planned project. According to Kreb the dolphins may be found downstream of Muara Kaman although the probability is very low that dolphins will be present in the project area of the influence.

Construction activities that may affect Irrawaddy dolphin are: a) Workers catching fish using gillnet, hooks and poison. Considering the river body is very wide and the time available for workers for fishing is likely very limited. b) Solid waste, gray water and black water from construction operations. Solid wastes and liquid wastes (black and gray water) will be produced in a small volume compared to the discharge of the Mahakam river therefore the influence on the dolphin is minimal.

1 For these reasons, the impact of the planned activity on Irrawaddy dolphin is categorized as not significant.

Crocodile There are three types of Crocodiles in the Mahakam River namely:

· Crocodylus porosus (IUCN Lease Concern and protected by Indonesia law) lives in river estuary, brackish swamp, sometime in the river; · Tomistoma schlegelii, False Gharial (IUCN vulnerable and protected by Indonesian law). Freshwater crocodiles live in rivers, tributaries and swamp forests, and lakes. · Crocodylus siamensis IUCN critically endangered and protected by Indonesian law. Fresh water crocodile lives in rivers, tributaries and swamp forests of freshwater

The Yayasan Konservasi Katulistiwa Indonesia (Conservation Equator Indonesia Foundation), an NGO that conducts observations and research of crocodiles in the Mahakam River, collected reports from peoples who saw the appearance of crocodiles in the Mahakam river around Perjiwa village (<7 km from project site) and Rempanga villages (< 13 km from project site) in 2017. This crocodile is identified from photo as Crocodilus porosus. Estuary Crocodile which entering to the upstream of Mahakam river. (Soimah, Personal communication September 2017) as shown in picture below

Crocodile appears at Mahakam river (left at Perjiwa, Right at Rempanga), August 2017

Important Habitat for Crocodilus siamensis, and Tomistoma schlegelii is Mesangat Lake where these two species of fresh water crocodile frequently seen (Kurniati. H, 2007). Mesangat lake located up stream of Mahakam River about 100 Km from the project site. There is no data regarding appearance of Crocodilus siamensis in the Mahakam River around the project area. In August 2017, a security person from Tanjung Batu Power Plant Complex reported sighting a 1.5 m crocodile at Mahakam river from the jetty. The security person also informed about the likely presence of crocodiles at the swampy (pond) area at east of the Tanjung Batu Power Plant Complex but the reporter could not identify the crocodile species.

Along the Mahakam river there are some small scale crocodile breeder farm kept by the villagers and two large commercial breeders, the number of Crocodilus siamensis in captivity are about 360 crocodiles (Kurniati. H 2007). These breeders also have Crocodilus porosus and Tomistoma schlegelii, but the total number unknown. The

2 NGO, Yayasan Konservasi Khatulistiwa Indonesia, also suspected the appearance of crocodile in the downstream Mahakam from the crocodile breeder that escaped or detached. Last August 2017, a Tomistoma schlegelii was caught in fisherman fishnet at Jembayan village < 25 km down stream of the project area.

The appearance of the crocodiles near Tanjung Batu Power Plant Complex and the surrounding villages does not exclude a possibility for the crocodile to enter the Tanjung Batu complex through the sloping access at temporary Jetty and to use the swamp west of the existing power plants as a habitat. During Operation there no activities at temporary Jetty nor the access road, thus having no potential impact to wildlife in the swamp area.

For these reasons the impact of the planned project on Crocodile including the remaining Siamese Crocodile and False Gharial populations are regarded as not significant.

Proboscis Monkey The monkey Nasalis larvatus is endemic animal of Borneo island. Endangered conservation status (IUCN, 2008), included in Appendix I CITES. This species with limited habitat in mangrove forests, the riparian forest, and peat swamp forest.

A group or sub group of proboscis monkey, found at northern west fringes of Tanjung Batu Power Plant Complex, was using the area around 6 ha of shrubs and trees for food foraging in the morning and afternoon. During the site visit in August 2017, no direct observation of proboscis monkeys were made throughout the area.

In the wild daily range of Proboscis monkey is around 200 - 1.100 m and maximum distant from river bank are around 50 - 400 m. During daily activities, especially during foraging for food, the Proboscis monkey form subgroups with the number of 5 - 11 individuals, to aims efficiently in time and group movement in utilizing the source of food in the home range area. The subgroups scattered within 50 - 150m of each other. The subgroups can be scattered within the 1 ha area (Salter et al., 1985) and during the night at the site of the overnight stay at a shore by scattering within 50 m (Rajanathan and Bennett, 1990; Bismark, 1994).

Proboscis monkeys have a habit of changing trees that are used for sleeping generally one tree is only used for four times in succession then move to another tree. These are ways to reduce the likelihood of a predator attack at night. Sleeping on trees with broad canopy with resting positions scattered around the edges and crown top is an anti-predator strategy that is to facilitate in detecting the presence of predators and ease to jump. Predators that may attack the Proboscis in the sleeping tree is a type of snake and lizards.

Home range of Proboscis monkey from 13 ha to 900 ha. Differences in the size of the home range can be caused by a variety of factors, including: a) differences in availability, distribution, and abundance of feed sources, b) available food quality, c) habitat structure, d) habitat fragmentation, e) social organization, f) population density, and g) presence of predators.

The existing six hectares of land at Tanjung Batu Power Plant Complex seem to be not sufficient to support three groups of Proboscis monkey although the monkeys are not territorial and their daily activity can be overlapping. Intensive habitat management

3 to provide food and sufficient trees for shelter will be needed and coordination with another Proboscis conservation area will be needed to reduce population pressures caused by transfer proboscis monkey sub group to other conservation area.

Based on the information provided by BKSDA (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Natural Resources Conservation office) Kutai Kartanegara, there are 6 proboscis monkey group around the planned project. One group lives in the area of Tanjung Batu Power Plant Complex. Two groups of Proboscis monkey from the neighboring coal mine likely going to move into habitat at the Tanjung Batu complex due to cover mining operation (see figure below).

Distribution of Proboscis monkey showing the potential move of 2 groups into Tanjung Batu Power plant complex area. Source: BKSDA Kutai Kartanegara 2017

PLN Wilayah works with BKSDA to restore six hectares the proboscis habitat at Tanjung Batu Complex. The restoration focuses on improving habitat carrying capacity through removing invasive species and adding more food trees to the area.

The impact of the planned activity on Proboscis monkey is categorized as not insignificant if the proper mitigation and enhancement of their habitat is implemented.

4 Annex F

INO : SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM – SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE AND UNIVERSAL ELECTRICITY ACCESS IN INDONESIA (SUB-PROJECT 13)

ANNEX F: RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY

Prepared by : Mekar Meina (IJK Consultancy)

Date : November 2018 RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ...... 1

1. GENERAL ...... 2

1.1 Objective ...... 2

1.2 Risk Assessment Technique Selection ...... 2

2. RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...... 3

3. RISK MATRIX ...... 6

4. RESULT OF RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT ...... 9

5. CONCLUSIONS...... 12

Table 2.1 List of Documents for Data Source ...... 4

Table 2.2 Guide Words...... 5

Table 3.1 Risk Matrix ...... 6

Table 3.2 Measure of Frequency ...... 7

Table 3.3 Significance Classification / Severity / SoF (Significance of Failure) ...... 7

Table 4.1 Risk Distribution Kaltim Peaker 2 Facility ...... 9

Table 4.2 Risk Assessment Result of Kaltim Peaker 2 Facility ...... 9

Table 4.3 Recommendation/Additional Control...... 11

APPENDIX 1 HAZID Worksheet for Kaltim Peaker 2 Facility

1 | Page

RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY 1. GENERAL

1.1 Objective

This rapid risk assessment is intended to supplement the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for Kaltim Peaker 2, Power Plant of PT. PLN (persero) located in East Kalimantan Province. Kaltim Peaker 2 is still at preliminary design stage and only a few documents are available for data processing (such as AMDAL of Kaltim Peaker 2). As a result, Kaltim Peaker 1 was used as a proxy facility to conduct the rapid risk assessment for Kaltim Peaker 2. This is considered adequate for such an exercise given the similarity of the two facilities, and their geographic proximity.

Basically, the overall purpose of the risk assessment process is to recognize and understand the hazards that might arise in the course of the organization’s activities and ensure that the risks to people arising from these hazards are assessed, prioritized and controlled to a level that is acceptable. This assessment is conducted rapidly for a convenient use and using qualitative technique.

1.2 Risk Assessment Technique Selection

Considering the availability of data, pre-design stage, and also the deliverable of the project, HAZID (Hazard Identification) is a suitable risk assessment technique to use.

The HAZID study is a technique for early identification of hazards and threats and can be applied at the conceptual or detailed design stage. Early identification and assessment of hazards provides essential input to project development decisions at a time when a change of design has a minimal cost penalty.

A HAZID study was carried out by an experienced multi-discipline team using a structured approach based on a checklist of potential hazards. Typical process hazards were considered, such as environmental, geographical, process, fire and explosion, health. The experts were familiar with the technology and operations of the plant and had the technical expertise to answer all the questions raised during the review.

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RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY 2. RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

The objective of a Hazard Identification study is to identify potential hazards with sources from external facilities which lead to hazard in the gas facilities or potential hazard from gas facilities lead to environmental, community or surrounding area. This is followed by a discipline analysis of the combination or sequences of events that may lead to a major accident with the potential for personnel injury or fatality, such as fires and/or explosion events.

The HAZID study uses a set of guidewords that are carefully chosen to promote creative thought about all possible hazards. Each area of the installation is considered against a checklist of hazards. Where it is agreed that a hazard exists in a particular area, the risk presented by the hazard is considered, and all possible means of either eliminating the hazard or controlling the risk and/or the necessity for further study are noted on a HAZID worksheet.

For each guideword, the HAZID team considered whether there are realistic causes for that guideword and whether the consequences are significant. Then team considered whether the existing safeguards are adequate, or recommended corrective actions. Actions were assigned to either discipline groups or individuals to ensure the mitigating control, or further study is completed.

The best method for dealing with hazards is not always obvious. In this study, a simple risk analysis and hazard ranking exercise was used to highlight the level of attention a hazard requires. Each hazard is assigned a frequency of occurrence and a consequence severity. Using these frequency and severity rankings, the risk is determined on a simple matrix, and a risk level of Low, Medium, High or Extreme is assigned.

HAZID worksheet Appendix 1 has been used.

3 | Page

RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY PLN Kaltim Peaker 1 Power Plant documents have been used as proxy data similar with PLN Kaltim Peaker 2 Power Plant Project during the HAZID. Table 2.1 shows the List of Documents for Data Source.

Table 2.1 List of Documents for Data Source

No Documents 1 0422 PID Fuel Gas 2 0424 PID Liquid Fuel 3 AMDAL PLN Kalimantan bagian Timur 4 E1148 000 Hazardous Area Layout 5 E1875091 Alarm Report 6 E1875091 Alarm Report 7 Interpretation of Alarm 2G0_ommo1 8 MLI 0197 Residual Risks Summary Operation and Maintenance Manual Description of Cooling 10 Water System Operation and Maintenance Manual Description of Liquid Fuel 11 System 12 Operation and Maintenance Manual 13 Operation and Maintenance Manual Description of Sump Tank 14 Operation and Maintenance Manual of Fuel Gas System 15 Operation and Maintenance Manual Safety 16 Safety Precaution for Personnel 198A4717 17 SK Dir 090 Pedoman Keselamatan Instalasi PLN 18 SK Dir 091 Pedoman Keselamatan Umum di PLN 19 SK Dir 092 Pedoman Keselamatan Kerja

Selected guidewords have been used (refer to Table 2.2) for identifying perceived conditions, which may become apparent during any of the actions and activities relevant to the HAZID review scope.

The Guidewords and HAZID issues were preselected and presented, before starting the HAZID session. During the HAZID session, guidewords have been rephrased to suit specific issues as they became apparent.

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RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY

Table 2.2 Guide Words

NO Guide Word Event

1 Process Fluid Leakage of Fuel Gas in Facility Release 2 Leakage of HSD in Facility 3 Leakage of Lubrication oil in Facility 4 Operation Venting Failure 5 Process Failure Start Up Failure 6 Shut Down Failure 7 Leakage in the gas distribution pipeline 8 Valve malfunction causing overpressure in the Fuel Gas and HSD Pipeline 9 Valve malfunction causing overpressure in Turbine 10 Over Temperature in Fuel Gas or HSD Pipeline 11 Over Temperature in Turbine 12 Over Temperature in Generator 13 Excess level of HSD in storage / sump tank 14 Utility Failure Fire Protection Failure 15 Cooling Water Failure 16 Waste Treatment 17 Storage of Hazardous and Toxic Waste 18 Structural Failure 19 Unstable Lifting Object 20 Instrument Air Failure 21 Manmade Hazard Security Hazard 22 Terrorist Activity 23 Accident / Transportation Crash 24 Facility Impact Noise 25 Air Emission 26 Emergency escape Emergency evacuation of personnel Failure

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RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY

NO Guide Word Event

27 Hazardous areas Non compliances with engineering codes, standards, safety measures and regulations 28 Natural Disasters Lightning in Generator 29 Extreme Weather (Flooding and erosion) 30 HSD Unloading HSD Spills System 31 HSD Leaks 32 Human Error

3. RISK MATRIX

The Risk Matrix used to rank each of the hazards is shows in Table 3.1. The definitions of each frequency and severity increment are shows in Table 3.2 and Table 3.3 respectively.

Table 3.1 Risk Matrix

Significance 1 2 3 4 5 Frequency Slight Minor Severe Major Catastrophic A Almost H H E E E Certain B Likely M H H E E C Possible L M H E E D Unlikely L L M H E E Rare L L M H H

Note: E : Extreme; H : High; M : Medium; L : Low

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RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY Table 3.2 Measure of Frequency

A Almost certain 10 times per year Is expected to occur in most circumstances B Likely once per year Will probably occur in most circumstances C Possible once every 10 years Might occur in most circumstances D Unlikely once every 100 years Could occur in most circumstances E Rare once every 1000 years May only occur in most circumstances

Table 3.3 Significance Classification / Severity / SoF (Significance of Failure)

Significance Decision Issue Human Environment Operational / Reputation Impact Impact Financial Impact Impact 1 Slight Injury or Slight effect; Slight Damage; no Slight Impact; no Illness ; First aid environmental significant impact impact to local (Slight) case impact could last for on operations; no community; little days; no long term loss in revenue notice by community consequences; spill or release internal to facility 2 Minor Injury or Minor effect; Minor Damage; Minor impact; Illness ‘ OSHA environmental damage to immediate area to (Minor) recordable/ impact could last for equipment; minor facility may be Doctor Visit weeks; spill or impact on alerted; odor or noise release external to operations; no loss complaints facility no cleanup in revenue required 3 Severe Injury or Severe effect; Local Damage; Considerable impact Illness / Lost environmental severe damage to to local community; (Severe) Time impact could last for equipment; impact potential acute months; reportable on part of health impacts to quantity spill or operations; partial community; release requires loss of revenue Community response cleanup plan activated 4 Severe Injury or Major effect; Major Damage; Impact would receive Illness/ environmental major damage to regional and industry (Major) Hospitalization/ impact could lasts for equipment; delay in coverage; potential Disability years; area becomes operations; short chronic health impact restricted for a term loss in revenue to community limited period of

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RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY

time 5 Potential Massive effect; Extensive Damage; Impact would receive fatalities or environmental long term impact on national and global (Catastro- permanent impact colud last for operations; long attention disabling Injury decades; long term term loss in revenue phic) or Illness contamination requiring remediation

Significance or severity of the failure being realized is categorized by reviewing and choosing a descriptor. The HAZID team reviews and chooses the severity which best represents the seriousness of the possible consequences should the incident occur.

All four types of severity are considered (People, Environment, Operational and Reputation). Each of the severity categories are represented on the Risk Matrix by a description (e.g. Catastrophic). The descriptor chosen must represent the severest category agreed upon by the team. For example, if the Environment severity was slight but the Operational severity was major is the highest severity rating which should be used.

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RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY 4. RESULT OF RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT

The HAZID study has identified a number of potential project improvements or areas for further study/investigation. The full HAZID minutes are shown in Appendix 1. A total of 32 items were considered, resulting in the identification of 2 recommendations / additional controls for consideration. The Risk distribution shows in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Risk Distribution, Kaltim Peaker 2 Facility

Significance 1 2 3 4 5 Frequency Slight Minor Severe Major Catastrophic A Almost Certain B Likely C Possible D Unlikely 1 1 E Rare 3 18 4 5

Matrix risk assessment of the 32 hazards resulted in 9 high risks, 19 medium risks, and 4 low risks. None of the risks identified were anticipated to result in offsite consequences, negating the need for further / more detailed modeling of their consequences. Risk assessment result of Kaltim Peaker 2 Facility is presented in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Risk Assessment Result of Kaltim Peaker 2 Facility

Risk Item Guide Risk Events Category No. Words Value Extreme 5 Process 5E High Start Up Failure Failure 6 Process 5E High Shut Down Failure Failure 7 Process Leakage in the gas distribution pipeline 5E High Failure High 8 Process Valve malfunction causing overpressure in 5E

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RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY Failure the Fuel Gas and HSD Pipeline

9 Process Valve malfunction causing overpressure in 5E High Failure Turbine 17 Utility 4E High Storage of Hazardous and Toxic Waste Failure 3 Process 4E High Fluid Leakage of Lubrication oil in Facility Release High 4 Operation Venting Failure 4E 28 Natural 4E High Lightning in Generator Disasters Facility Medium 25 Impact Air Emission 3D Process Medium 1 Fluid Leakage of Fuel Gas in Facility 3E Release Process Medium 2 Fluid Leakage of HSD in Facility 3E Release Process Medium 10 Over Temperature in Turbine 3E Failure Process Over Temperature in Fuel Gas or HSD Medium 11 3E Failure Pipeline Process Medium 12 Over Temperature in Generator 3E Failure Process Medium 13 Excess level of HSD in storage / sump tank 3E Failure Utility Medium 14 Fire Protection Failure 3E Failure Utility Medium 15 Cooling Water Failure 3E Failure Utility Medium 16 Waste Treatment 3E Failure Utility Medium 18 Structural Failure 3E Failure Utility Medium 19 Unstable Lifting Object 3E Failure 24 Facility Noise 3E Medium Impact Emergency Medium 26 Emergency evacuation of personnel Failure 3E escape Medium 27 Hazardous Non compliances with engineering codes 3E

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RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY areas and standards and with safety measures and regulations Natural Medium 29 Flooding and erosion 3E Disasters 30 HSD HSD Spills 3E Medium Unloading System 31 HSD HSD Leaks 3E Medium Unloading System 32 HSD Human Error 3E Medium Unloading System Manmade Low 21 Security Hazard 2E Hazard Manmade Low 22 Terrorist Activity 2E Hazard Manmade Low 23 Accident / Transportation Crash 2E Hazard Utility Low 25 Instrument Air Failure 2D Failure

The recommendations / additional controls are shown in the Table 4.3. The item number corresponds to the item for which the recommendation / additional control was generated (see the minutes in Appendix 1). Responsibilities should be assigned to each of these items and a sign-off should take place to ensure that they are actioned appropriately.

Table 4.3 Recommendation/Additional Control

Items Recommendation / Additional Control Area of Plant PIC Number 4 Confined space procedure need to be arranged Entire Facility PT. PLN based on government regulation guidance (Especially in a (Persero) about occupational health and safety to ensure confined space a safe ventilation system. work area) 18 Another Risk Assessment should be conducted Entire Facility EPC to consider the specific hazards related to the Contractor construction phase of the project

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RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY 5. CONCLUSIONS

Based on OHSAS 18002, risk assessment is a process of evaluating the risk arising from a hazard(s), taking into accounts the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable. Considering the availability of the data source, built construction stage, and also the deliverable of the project, HAZID (Hazard Identification) is a suitable risk assessment technique to use.

The HAZID study used a set of guidewords that are carefully chosen to promote creative thought about all possible hazards. Each area of the installation was considered against a checklist of hazards. Where it is agreed that a hazard exists in a particular area, the risk presented by the hazard was considered, and all possible means of either eliminating the hazard or controlling the risk and/or the necessity for further study were noted on a HAZID worksheet.

For each guideword, the HAZID team considered whether there are realistic causes for that guideword and whether the consequences are significant. Then team considered whether the existing safeguards are adequate or might require corrective action. Actions were assigned to either discipline groups or individuals to ensure the mitigating control, or further study is completed.

The results of the risk assessment are 32 items were considered / recorded. None of the hazards were assessed as being extreme risks, with 9 high risks, 19 medium risks, and 4 low risks. All of the safeguards could be seen in Appendix 1 HAZID Worksheet for Kaltim Peaker 2 Facility. The events determined as high risk with catastrophic failure in all impact issues (human, environment, operational/financial and reputation) are classified in Process Failure guideword in HAZID worksheet. They are:

• Leakage in the gas distribution pipeline that could cause sudden explosion • Valve malfunction causing overpressure in the Fuel Gas and HSD Pipeline • Valve malfunction causing overpressure in Turbine

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RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY Those events risk value is 5E which was determined as most severe consequences (the severity value is 5) that had potential to be catastrophic, but the probability of occurred event is rare (the frequencies value is E).

The consequence of the failure event that is most likely to occur is fire and explosion. Therefore, fire detection and fire-fighting systems are the most important safeguard measures of the facility.

Potential for explosion has many contributions for 5E risk value. It could be impact to the human to be permanent disabling injury or illness, environmental impact that could last for years, area affected could become restricted for a limited period of time, long term loss in revenue and the explosion would put a bad reputation of the company that would receive national and global attention.

However, the risk of explosion is low. This judgment is arising from team review to a good policy and regulation and also a well design of process and construction that PT. PLN (persero) had. No history of explosion incident is adding value to the low risk rating.

Considering the long distance from the power plant to the nearby communities (more less 1000 m), this potential of explosion that might occur from the process failure (valve malfunction), will not affect area beyond the facilities footprint. None of the risks identified were anticipated to result in offsite consequences, negating the need for further / more detailed modeling of their consequences.

What needs to be alerted is the distribution pipeline from the gas company to PT.PLN (persero). The distribution using a ± 55 km overland pipeline from the Semberah gas field and ± 55 km new gas pipeline Badak Export Manifold crosses 2 local government areas (Kutai regency and Municipality of Samarinda). If an explosion occurs along the pipeline, it would be directly impacting to nearby communities.

The risk of explosion can be effectively mitigated with regular maintenance and shutdown maintenance of valve and gas pipeline. Routine thickness inspection with

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RAPID SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR KALTIM PEAKER 2 FACILITY consistent basis to be conducted by well-trained inspectors also preventing valve and pipeline from damage by high pressure gas. Valve maintenance has to be carried out for each valve, especially the main valve and safety valve.

Later, if the facility is already running, detail risk assessment could be conducted such as Risk Based Inspection to minimize failure occurrence in the future. This method could predict the remaining life of the pipes and valves based on inspection history and process parameter data.

Significance value for environmental impacts of power plants in the HAZID worksheet that directly affected to nearby communities are air emission, waste treatment, storage of hazardous & toxic waste and noise. Nevertheless, air emission and noise that result from the process is below the threshold according to laboratory test. The waste treatment system and storage of hazardous and toxic waste also are well designed that brings a low risk to the environment.

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Appendix 1 HAZID Worksheet for Kaltim Peaker 2 Facility

Notes:

Pr: Probability / Likelihood Sg: Significance Rp: Reputation Impact TR: Toxic Release Hm: Human Impact RL: Risk Value Fr: Fire Ev: Environmental Impact  : exist Ex: Explosion Op: Operating/Financial Impact X : no exist

Consequence Significance Assessment NO Guide Word Event Referenced Document Consequences Existing Controls/ Safeguards Risk TR Fr Ex Hm Ev Op Rp Sg Freq Value 1 Process Fluid Leakage of Fuel 1. Operation and Maintenance 1. Potential for ignition of 1. Process control (parameter adjustment and    3 2 2 2 3 E 3E Release Gas in Facility Manual of Fuel Gas System fire instrumentation device)

2. 0422 PID Fuel Gas 2. Potential for fire 2. Procedures to control and maintenance of equipment. 3. MLI 0197 Residual Risks 3. Potential for explosion Summary 3. Fire detection and fire-fighting systems 4. Human Injuries 4. Gas leak detection and implement 5. Environmental damage Emergency Responses procedure 2 Leakage of HSD in 1. Operation and Maintenance 1. Potential for ignition of 1. A leakage detection device   X 1 3 1 3 3 E 3E Facility Manual of Liquid Fuel System fire 2. Procedures to control and maintenance of 2. 0424 PID Liquid Fuel 2. Potential for fire equipment.

3. MLI 0197 Residual Risks 3. Fire detection and fire-fighting systems

Summary 3 Leakage of 1. Operation and Maintenance 1. Potential for ignition of 1. Check visually in a daily basis for absence of    1 2 4 1 4 E 4E Lubrication oil in Manual of Liquid Fuel System fire leaks around piping and equipment. Facility 2. 0424 PID Liquid Fuel 2. Potential for fire 2. Clean the area

3. 0422 PID Fuel Gas 3. Potential of explosion 3. Fire detection and fire-fighting systems

4. MLI 0197 Residual Risks 4. Human Injuries 4. Gas leak detection and implement Summary Emergency Responses procedure Consequence Significance Assessment NO Guide Word Event Referenced Document Consequences Existing Controls/ Safeguards Risk TR Fr Ex Hm Ev Op Rp Sg Freq Value 5. Loss of Production 4 Operation Venting Failure 1. Safety Precaution for 1.Potential for suffocation 1. Implement Standard Operational Procedures    4 1 1 1 4 E 4E Personnel 198A4717 or choking of personnel

2. Environmental damage 5 Process Failure Start Up Failure 1. MLI 0197 Residual Risks 1. Potential for equipment 1. Implement Standard Operational Procedures    5 3 5 3 5 E 5E Summary damage for Start Up

2. Safety Precaution for 2. Potential for loss of 2. Fire detection and fire-fighting systems Personnel 198A4717 production

3. Potential for fire and explosion 6 Shut Down Failure 1. MLI 0197 Residual Risks 1. Potential for equipment 1. Implement Standard Operational Procedures    5 3 5 4 5 E 5E Summary damage for Shut Down

2. Safety Precaution for 2. Potential for loss of 2. Fire detection and fire-fighting systems Personnel 198A4717 production

3. Potential for fire and explosion

4. Potential of high noise 7 Leakage in the gas 1. 0422 PID Fuel Gas 1. Potential for explosion 1. Pipeline should be design based on the √ √ √ 5 4 4 4 5 E 5E distribution pipeline 2. Human Injuries ANSI/ASME standard 3. Loss of Production 2. Pipe inspection periodically

8 Valve malfunction 1. E1875091 Alarm Report 1. Potential for explosion 1. Alarms on if pressure on the device reach X   5 5 5 5 5 E 5E causing maximum point. overpressure in the 2. MLI 0197 Residual Risks 2. Human Injuries Fuel Gas and HSD Summary 2. Gas leak detection and implement Pipeline Emergency Responses procedure. Consequence Significance Assessment NO Guide Word Event Referenced Document Consequences Existing Controls/ Safeguards Risk TR Fr Ex Hm Ev Op Rp Sg Freq Value 9 Valve malfunction 1. E1875091 Alarm Report 1. Potential for explosion 1. Alarms on if pressure on the device reach X   5 5 5 5 5 E 5E causing maximum point. overpressure in 2. MLI 0197 Residual Risks 2. Human injuries Turbine Summary 2. Gas leak detection and implement Emergency Responses procedure. 3. Safety Precaution for Personnel 198A4717 10 Over Temperature 1. Operation and Maintenance 1. Potential for ignition of 1. Alarms on if temperature on the device reach X   2 1 3 1 3 E 3E in Fuel Gas or HSD Manual Description of Cooling fire maximum. Pipeline Water System 2. Potential for fire 2. Fire detection and fire-fighting systems 2. E1875091 Alarm Report 3. Potential for explosion 3. Gas leak detection and implement 3. MLI 0197 Residual Risks Emergency Responses procedure. Summary 4. Human Injuries 11 Over Temperature 1. Operation and Maintenance 1. Potential for ignition of 1. Cooling Water System to cool down turbine X   2 1 3 1 3 E 3E in Turbine Manual Description of Liquid fire Fuel System 2. Alarms on if temperature on the device reach 2. Potential for fire maximum. 2. E1875091 Alarm Report 3. Potential for explosion 3. Fire detection and fire- fighting systems 3. MLI 0197 Residual Risks Summary 4. Human Injuries 4. Gas leak detection and implement Emergency Responses procedure. 5. Environmental damage 12 Over Temperature 1. E1875091 Alarm Report 1. Potential for ignition of 1. Lube oil to cool down generator X  X 1 1 3 1 3 E 3E in Generator fire 2. MLI 0197 Residual Risks 2. Alarm if temperature on the device reach Summary 2. Potential for fire maximum.

3. Human Injuries 3. Fire detection and fire-fighting systems

4. Loss of Consequence Significance Assessment NO Guide Word Event Referenced Document Consequences Existing Controls/ Safeguards Risk TR Fr Ex Hm Ev Op Rp Sg Freq Value Production 13 Excess level of 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Spill of HSD 1. Provide bund wall to drain spills, provide   X 3 1 1 1 3 E 3E HSD in storage / bagian Timur second container, and implement spill response sump tank 2. Potential for ignition of procedure. 2. Operation and Maintenance fire Manual Description of Sump 2. Alarm if level on tank reach maximum. Tank 3. Potential for fire 3. Fire detection and fighting systems. 3. MLI 0197 Residual Risks Summary 14 Utility Failure Fire Protection 1. Operation and Maintenance 1. Suffocation or choking 1. Implement Safety Operational Procedure for   X 3 3 3 3 3 E 3E Failure Manual Safety of personnel suffocation or choking of personnel

2. MLI 0197 Residual Risks 2. Uncontrollable fire 2. Alternative fire protection like fire Summary extinguisher and fire brigade 15 Cooling Water 1. E1875091 Alarm Report 1. Over temperature in 1. Alarms on if temperature on the device reach X  X 1 1 3 1 3 E 3E Failure pipeline or turbine maximum point. 3. MLI 0197 Residual Risks Summary 2. Equipment damage 2. Fire detection and fire-fighting systems

3. Potential for ignition of fire

4. Potential for fire

5. Human Injuries 16 Waste Treatment 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Bad impact on human 1. Implement Standard Operational Procedure  X X 1 3 1 3 3 E 3E bagian Timur health for Waste treatment

2. Environmental damage 17 Storage of 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Environmental damage 1. Implement Standard Operational Procedure  X X 3 4 1 3 4 E 4E Hazardous and bagian Timur for hazardous and toxic waste treatment Toxic Waste Consequence Significance Assessment NO Guide Word Event Referenced Document Consequences Existing Controls/ Safeguards Risk TR Fr Ex Hm Ev Op Rp Sg Freq Value 18 Structural Failure 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Human injuries 1. Undertake studies during design and X X X 3 1 3 3 3 E 3E bagian Timur construction 2. Environmental damage

3. Community / property damage

4. Equipment damage

5. Loss of production 19 Unstable Lifting 1. Safety Precaution for 1. Human injuries 1. Use only appropriate means of transport and X X X 3 1 2 1 3 E 3E Object Personnel 198A4717 lifting gears of adequate capacity 2. Environmental damage

3. Community / property damage

4. Equipment damage

5. Loss of production 20 Instrument Air 1. Operation and Maintenance 1. Control system failure 1. Scheduled Maintenance of Instrument Air X X X 1 1 2 1 2 D 2D Failure Manual 2. Equipment damage 2. Alarm if instrument air failure 2. Interpretation of Alarm 2G0_ommo1 3. Loss of production 21 Manmade Security Hazard 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Injury to people in site 1. Implement site security and access control X X X 2 1 2 1 2 E 2E Hazard bagian Timur systems and procedure 2. Business interruption 22 Terrorist Activity 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Injury to people in site 1. Implement site security and access control X X X 2 1 2 1 2 E 2E bagian Timur systems and procedure 2. Business interruption 23 Accident / 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Human injuries 1. Ensure that the vehicles are safety to use and X X X 2 1 2 1 2 E 2E Transportation bagian Timur not contain exceed maximum loads. Consequence Significance Assessment NO Guide Word Event Referenced Document Consequences Existing Controls/ Safeguards Risk TR Fr Ex Hm Ev Op Rp Sg Freq Value Crash 2. Environmental damage 2. SK Dir 091 Pedoman 2. Periodically implement health checks to the Keselamatan Umum di PLN 3. Community / property employee. damage 3. SK Dir 092 Pedoman 3. Provide safety sign. Keselamatan Kerja 4. Equipment damage 24 Facility Impact Noise 1. MLI 0197 Residual Risks 1. Short or Long Terms of 1. Appropriate hearing protection management X X X 3 3 1 3 3 E 3E Summary Hearing Loss system for operations personnel

2. SK Dir 092 Pedoman 2. Bad effect to 2. Undertake noise studies during design and Keselamatan Kerja surrounding community specify appropriate noise limits for all equipment procured 3. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan bagian Timur 3. Plant tree as a living barrier to reduce noise. 25 Air Emission 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Environmental Damage 1. Activate Continuous Emission Monitoring  X X 2 3 1 3 3 D 3D bagian Timur System (CEMS) 26 Emergency Emergency 1. Operation and Maintenance 1. Human injuries 1. Implement emergency response procedures. X X X 3 1 1 1 3 E 3E escape evacuation of Manual Safety personnel Failure 2. Environmental damage 2. Emergency response team directing people to the alternative escape. 3. Community / property damage

4. Equipment damage 27 Hazardous Non compliances 1. E1148 000 Hazardous Area 1. Human injuries 1. Fire detection and fighting systems. X   3 3 3 1 3 E 3E areas with engineering Layout codes, standards, 2. Fire or explosion 2. Gas leak detection and implement safety measures and 2. MLI 0197 Residual Risks Emergency Responses procedure regulations Summary 3. Recheck the related equipment with 3. SK Dir 090 Pedoman hazardous material, and replace the equipment Keselamatan Instalasi PLN with the appropriate one. 28 Natural Lightning in 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Failure in generator 1. Lighting and Grounding protection X X X 1 1 4 1 4 E 4E Consequence Significance Assessment NO Guide Word Event Referenced Document Consequences Existing Controls/ Safeguards Risk TR Fr Ex Hm Ev Op Rp Sg Freq Value Disasters Generator bagian Timur 2. Loss of production 29 Extreme Weather 1. SK Dir 090 Pedoman 1. Equipment damage 1. Anticipated for flooding and erosion. X X X 1 1 3 1 3 E 3E (Flooding and Keselamatan Instalasi PLN erosion) 30 HSD Unloading HSD Spills 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Potential for Fire 1. Control Spills with a proactive spill   X 1 3 1 1 3 E 3E System bagian Timur (Vapors mixed with air prevention system. will burn) 2. Immediately clean up and reports spill. 2. Loss of production 3. Treat the area as especially hazardous until 3. Equipment damage vapors are gone. When Vapors are gone, 4. Human Injuries remove the spill. 5. Environmental damage 31 HSD Leaks 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Potential for Fire 1. Always inspect tank seams, joints, piping,   X 1 3 1 1 3 E 3E bagian Timur (Vapors mixed with air valves and pumps for leaks. will burn) 2. Repair Leaks at once. 2. Loss of production 3. Replace defective hoses, gaskets and faucets 3. Equipment damage immediately. 4. Human Injuries 32 Human Error 1. AMDAL PLN Kalimantan 1. Potential for Fire 1. Carry out procedures of unloading system   X 1 3 1 1 3 E 3E bagian Timur (Vapors mixed with air properly. will burn) 2. Training should be conducted for unloading 2. Loss of production system operator and supervisor. 3. Equipment damage 4. Human Injuries

Annex G

INO : SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM – SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE AND UNIVERSAL ELECTRICITY ACCESS IN INDONESIA (SUBPROJECT 13)

Annex G: Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response System of PLN Powerplants

Based on review of Proxy Facilities (Kaltim 1 and Jayapura Peaker)

Prepared by : Mekar Meina (IJK Consultancy)

Date : November 2018 Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response for Proxy Facilities

Contents

Contents ...... 1 1 Introduction...... 2 2 Overview Emergency Preparedness based on OHSAS 18001 ...... 2

2.1 General ...... 2 2.2 Identification of Potential Emergency Situations ...... 3 2.3 Emergency Plan ...... 4 2.4 Establishing and Implementing Emergency Response Procedures...... 5 2.5 Emergency Response Team ...... 6 2.6 Emergency Response Equipment ...... 7 2.7 Emergency Response Training ...... 8 2.8 Periodic Testing of Emergency Procedures ...... 9 2.9 Reviewing and Revising Emergency Procedures ...... 9

3 General Description of PLN Policies about Emergency Preparedness and Response ... 10 4 Review and Analysis ...... 12

4.1 Comparison of Policies in PT. PLN (Persero) with Occupational Health and Safety standard about Emergency Preparedness...... 12 4.2 Proxy Facilities Analysis for Emergency Preparedness Implementation ...... 13

5 Conclusions...... 14

Table 2.5.1 Roles and Responsibilities of Emergency Response Team ...... 7 Table 2.7.1General Guideline on The Training Requirement to meet Various Roles...... 8 Table 2.9.1List of the decree of the board of directors of PT.PLN ...... 10 Table 2.9.2 List of documents contained the identification of emergency scenarios ...... 11 Table 4.1.1 Tabulation of Emergency Preparedness between PLN policies and standards . 12

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Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response for Proxy Facilities

1 Introduction

This document has been prepared to review and assess the Emergency Preparedness and Response Systems for Kaltim Peaker 1 and Jayapura Peaker facility. These facilities are very similar to the facilities considered under the project (Kaltim Peaker 2 and Kupang Peaker 2, respectively), and are used as proxy facilities for this assessment. Kaltim Peaker 1 as a proxy facility of Kaltim Peaker 2 and Jayapura Peaker as a proxy facility of Kupang Peaker 1/2 facility. This assessment is also intended to supplement Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports of the two facilities (Kaltim Peaker 2 and Kupang Peaker 2). PT. PLN (persero), the executing agency of the project, uses Government Regulation No.50/2012: Implementation of Health and Safety Management System as standard for compiling policies of Occupational Health and Safety including Emergency Preparedness and Response, also known as SMK3. In addition, standard international OHSAS 180011 is used.

2 Overview Emergency Preparedness based on OHSAS 18001

2.1 General

OHSAS 18001, Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (officially BS OHSAS 18001), is a British Standard for occupational health and safety management systems. Compliance with it enables organizations to demonstrate that they have a system in place for occupational health and safety. By implementing OHSAS 18001 means that industrial organizations already have a definite frame of reference for the effectiveness of OH&S management including compliance with laws and regulations that will be applied to production activities, detection of hazards arising from the production process, and monitoring of management failures. Based on OHSAS 18001, the aim of the Emergency Response Procedure is to:

• Identify the potential for emergency situations;

1 Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) Project Group, BS OHSAS 18001 (United Kingdom: BSI Group,1999) Chapter 4.4.7 2 | P a g e

Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response for Proxy Facilities

• Respond to such emergency situations.

This may be stand-alone procedure(s) or be combined with other emergency response procedure(s).

2.2 Identification of Potential Emergency Situations

Emergencies will often strike without warning, requiring well-planned responses that are timely and effective. In some instances an emergency will create additional hazards or hazards of greater magnitude. Depending on the severity of an emergency, it may bring unintended consequences for the people involved. Therefore, being able to identify potential emergencies and plan for them is a necessity. Examples of possible emergencies, which vary in scale, include:

• Incidents leading to serious injuries or ill health, • Fires and explosions, • Release of hazardous materials/gases, • Natural disasters, bad weather, • Loss of utility supply (e.g. loss of electric power), • Pandemics/epidemics/outbreaks of communicable disease, • Civil disturbance, terrorism, sabotage, workplace violence, • Failure of critical equipment, • Traffic accidents.

The identification should be given for normal operation and abnormal conditions (e.g. operation start up or shut-down, construction or demolition activities). The organization should determine and assess how emergency situations will impact all persons within and/or in the immediate vicinity of workplaces controlled by the organization. Consideration should be given to those with special needs, e.g. people with limited mobility, vision and hearing. This could include employees, temporary workers, contract employees, visitors, neighbors or other members of the public. The organization

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Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response for Proxy Facilities

should also consider potential impacts on emergency services personnel while at the workplace (e.g. fire-fighters). Information that should be considered in identifying potential emergency situations includes the following:

• the results of hazard identification and risk assessment activities performed during the OH&S planning process, • legal requirements, • the organization’s previous incident (including accident) and emergency experience, • emergency situations that have occurred in similar organizations, • Information related to accident and/or incident investigations posted on the websites of regulators or emergency response agencies.

2.3 Emergency Plan

Based on the identification of Potential Emergency Situations, emergency plan should be compiled. The emergency plan(s) should outline the actions to be taken when specified emergency situations arise, and should include:

• Identification of potential accidents and emergencies • Identification of the person who will take charge during the emergency • Details of actions to be taken by personnel during an emergency, including those actions to be taken by external personnel who are on the site of the emergency, such as contractors or visitors (who may be required, for example, to move to specified assembly points) • Responsibility, authority and duties of personnel with specific roles during the emergency (e.g. fire-wardens, first-aid staff, nuclear leak/toxic spillage specialists, etc.) • Evacuation procedures • Identification and location of hazardous materials, and emergency action required • Interface with external emergency services 4 | P a g e

Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response for Proxy Facilities

• Communication with statutory bodies • Communication with neighbors and the public • Protection of vital records and equipment • Availability of necessary information during the emergency, e.g. plant layout drawings, hazardous material data, procedures, work instructions and contact telephone numbers.

The involvement of external agencies in emergency planning and response should be clearly documented. These agencies should be advised as to the possible circumstances of their involvement and provided with such information as they require facilitating their involvement in response activities. Emergency planning should also be reviewed as a part of the ongoing management of change. Changes in operations can introduce new potential emergencies or necessitate that changes be made to emergency response procedures. For example, changes in facility layout can impact emergency evacuation routes.

2.4 Establishing and Implementing Emergency Response Procedures.

The emergency procedure(s) should be clear and concise to facilitate their use in emergency situations. They should also be readily available for use by emergency services. Emergency procedure(s) that are stored on a computer or by other electronic means might not be readily available in the event of a power failure, so paper copies of emergencies procedure(s) ought to be maintained in readily accessible locations. Emergency response procedures should give consideration to the following:

• identification of potential emergency situations and locations, • details of the actions to be taken by personnel during the emergency (including actions to be taken by staff working off‑site, by contractors and visitors), • evacuation procedures, • responsibilities, and authorities of personnel with specific response duties and roles during the emergency (e.g. fire‑wardens, first-aid staff and spill clean-up specialists), 5 | P a g e

Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response for Proxy Facilities

• interface and communication with emergency services, • communication with employees (both on-site and off-site), regulators and other interested parties (e.g. family, neighbors, local community, media), • information necessary for undertaking the emergency response (plant layout drawings, identification and location of emergency response equipment, identification and location of hazardous materials, utility shut-off locations, contact information for emergency response providers).

2.5 Emergency Response Team

Emergency response procedure(s) should define the roles, responsibilities and authorities of those with emergency response duties, especially those with an assigned duty to provide an immediate response. These personnel should be involved in the development of the emergency procedure(s) to ensure they are fully aware of the type and scope of emergencies that they can be expected to handle, as well as the arrangements needed for coordination. Emergency service personnel should be provided with the information required to facilitate their involvement in response activities. Emergency Response Team should be made up of individuals who have sound understanding of the site process, local conditions and settings and the requirements of relevant environmental and health & safety legislation. Figure 2.5.1 shows example of Emergency Response Team Structure.

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Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response for Proxy Facilities

Figure 2.5.1 Structure of Emergency Response Team

Table 2.5.1 Roles and Responsibilities of Emergency Response Team

ERT Component Roles and Responsibilities Assumes the overall authority and responsibility in managing the emergency situation and liaising with Site Main Controller (SMC) officers from government agencies. He/She will be the representative to link up with the Incident Manager to assist in the incident management. Assumes command and control of the emergency response incident scene and co-ordinates the activities Site Incident Controller (SIC) of all emergency responders, providing support for mitigation of the emergency situation. Conducts basic emergency response actions such as firefighting, rescue and mitigation under the command of the SIC. Response Team (RT) Assists in emergency notification and public protective actions, accounting for personnel outside the hazard zone or implementing In-Place Protection (IPP) within the workplace.

2.6 Emergency Response Equipment

Emergency equipment needs should be identified, and equipment should be provided in adequate quantity. This should be tested at specified intervals for continuing operability. Emergency response equipment and materials can be needed to perform a variety of functions during an emergency, such as evacuation, leak detection, fire suppression, chemical/biological/radiological monitoring, communication, isolation, containment, shelter, personal protection, decontamination, and medical evaluation and treatment. Emergency response equipment should be available in sufficient quantity and stored in locations where it is readily accessible; it should be stored securely and be protected from being damaged. This equipment should be inspected and/or tested at regular intervals to ensure that it will be operational in an emergency situation. Examples include:

• Alarm systems • Emergency lighting and power 7 | P a g e

Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response for Proxy Facilities

• Means of escape • Safe refuges • Critical isolation valves, switches and cut-outs • Fire-fighting equipment • First aid equipment (including emergency showers, eye wash stations, etc.) • Communication facilities.

2.7 Emergency Response Training

Training needed for personnel who are assigned emergency response duties. The training is contained how to initiate the emergency response and evacuation procedures. Table 5.1 presented general guideline on the training requirement to meet various roles. The organization should determine the training needed for personnel who are assigned emergency response duties and ensure that this training is received. Emergency response personnel should remain competent and capable to carry out their assigned activities. The need for retraining or other communications should be determined when modifications are made that impact on the emergency response.

Table 2.7.1 General Guideline on The Training Requirement to meet Various Roles.

Training Requirement Types of Training ERT Member Fire Fighting & Rescue • Fire protection systems in Response Team Response buildings/process plants Site Incident Controller • Use of breathing apparatus • First attack fire-fighting using various extinguishing media (e.g. extinguishers, hose reels, hoses and nozzles) • First aid and CPR • Evacuation • Safety precautions Incident Management • Appreciation of situation Site Main Controller Site Incident Controller 8 | P a g e

Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response for Proxy Facilities

• Strategic and tactical operations • Roles and responsibilities • Response planning • Contingency planning • Emergency scene management • Overview of SCDF incident management system • Emergency information management • Table-top planning exercises

2.8 Periodic Testing of Emergency Procedures

Periodic testing of emergency procedures should be performed to ensure that the organization and external emergency services can appropriately respond to emergency situations and prevent or mitigate associated OH&S consequences. Testing of emergency procedures should involve external emergency services providers, where appropriate, to develop an effective working relationship. This can improve communication and cooperation during an emergency.

2.9 Reviewing and Revising Emergency Procedures

OHSAS 18001:2007, section 4.4.7, requires the organization to review its emergency preparedness and response procedure(s) periodically. Examples of when this can be done are:

• on a schedule defined by the organization, • during management reviews, • following organizational changes, • as a result of management of change, corrective action, or preventive action • following an event that activated the emergency response procedures, • following drills or tests that identified deficiencies in the emergency response, 9 | P a g e

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• following changes to legal and other requirements, • Following external changes impacting the emergency response.

When changes are made in emergency preparedness and response procedure(s), these changes should be communicated to the personnel and functions that are impacted by the change; their associated training needs should also be evaluated.

3 General Description of PLN Policies about Emergency Preparedness and Response

Basically, the regulation and policies used in PT. PLN (persero) are based on SMK3 and OHSAS 18001 as international standard for the implementation. Three decrees of the board of directors of PT. PLN (Persero) form the basic regulatory framework for definition of Occupational Health and Safety in the installation and also for the worker and people in the work environment of PT. PLN (Persero). Table 3.1 shows the list of the decrees of the board of directors of PT. PLN (Persero) document.

Table 2.9.1 List of the decrees of the board of directors of PT.PLN

No. Document 1 The decree of the board of directors No. 090 Guidance of Installation Safety in the Environment of PT PLN (Persero). (SK Dir 090 Pedoman Keselamatan Instalasi di lingkungan PT.PLN (Persero)) 2 The decree of the board of directors No. 091 Guidance of General Safety in the Environment of PT PLN (Persero). (SK Dir 091 Pedoman Keselamatan Umum di lingkungan PT.PLN (Persero)) 3 The decree of the board of directors No. 092 Guidance of Work Safety in the Environment of PT PLN (Persero). (SK Dir 092 Pedoman Keselamatan Kerja di lingkungan PT.PLN (Persero))

Generally, in the Decree of the board of directors of PT. PLN (Persero) Chapter 2 Clause 5 and 6 has clarified causes of injuries and illness that occur related to work activities. It is

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Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response for Proxy Facilities divided into 2 main causes, unsafe act and unsafe condition. Unsafe act is negligence of the employee, while unsafe condition is negligence of the company management. Both causes have preventive and safety action in the decree. The decree also states the standard used in the company (chapter 11), i.e. Government Regulation No.50/2012: Implementation of Health and Safety Management System (SMK3) and OHSAS 18001 for international basis. Emergency Preparedness and Response is described in those standards with detailed that the company must comply with. Still in the decree, chapter 10; if the company/facility employs more than or equal to 100 workers and involves processes and production materials that could cause injury on the workplace, diseases arising from work, fire, explosion and others, then they have to form a P2K3 (Panitia Pembina Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja), i.e. an Occupational Health and Safety Committee. List of available documents of proxy facilities that cover the identification of emergency scenarios is shows in the Table 3.1.

Table 2.9.2 List of documents contained the identification of emergency scenarios

No Name of Document Facility 1 Confined Space Procedure S3AS-703-PR1 Jayapura Peaker Emergency and Evacuation Procedure G-MDP-0-18 10- Jayapura Peaker 2 005-E 3 Feasibility Study PLTMG Jayapura Peaker (40MW) Jayapura Peaker 4 Fire Prevention and Protection G-MDP-0-18 10-016-E Jayapura Peaker 5 Safety Precaution for Personnel 198A4717 Kaltim Peaker 1 6 MLI 0197 Residual Risks Summary Kaltim Peaker 1

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4 Review and Analysis

Analysis is carried out by:

• Compare PT. PLN (Persero) policies with Occupational Health and Safety standard about Emergency Preparedness. • Proxy facilities analysis for emergency preparedness implementation

4.1 Comparison of Policies in PT. PLN (Persero) with Occupational Health and Safety standard about Emergency Preparedness.

The comparison is presented by tabulation methode. Emergency preparedness elements are confirmed for the presence in the standard and PT. PLN (Persero) policies by check mark. The next column describes the implementation of the emergency preparedness elements. There are 4 statements which represent the implementation status in the facilities (see notes below Table 4.1.1). Table 4.1.1 presents a Tabulation of Emergency Preparedness between PLN policies and standards.

Table 4.1.1 Tabulation of Emergency Preparedness between PLN policies and standards

Emergency PLN OHSAS Preparedness SMK3 Policies PLN Implementation Document/Interview No 18001 Elements 1 Hazard v v v • Kaltim: A • Kaltim: MLI 0197 Identification • Jayapura: A Residual Risks Summary document • Jayapura: Questionnaire 2 Emergency Plan v v v • Kaltim: D Jayapura: Questionnaire • Jayapura: C 3 Emergency v v v • Kaltim: D Jayapura: Questionnaire Preparedness • Jayapura: C Team 4 Emergency v v v • Kaltim: D Unavailable data Preparedness • Jayapura: D Procedures 5 Emergency v v v • Kaltim: A Kaltim: AMDAL Response • Jayapura: D Equipment 12 | P a g e

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Emergency v x v Unavailable data 6 • Kaltim: D Response • Jayapura: D Training 7 Periodic Testing v x x • Kaltim: D Unavailable data of Emergency • Jayapura: D Procedures 8 Reviewing and v x x • Kaltim: D Unavailable data Revising • Jayapura: D Emergency Procedures 9 Communication v v v • Kaltim: A • Kaltim: AMDAL • Jayapura: B • Jayapura: Questionnaire 10 Information v v v • Kaltim: A • Kaltim: AMDAL • Jayapura: B • Jayapura: Questionnaire 11 Audit v v v • Kaltim: D Jayapura: Questionnaire • Jayapura: C Notes : A = implemented B = not fully implemented C = not implemented (policy available) D = not reviewed yet (unavailable data)

4.2 Proxy Facilities Analysis for Emergency Preparedness Implementation

Analysis could carry out through reviewing the emergency preparedness document or data interview with the worker. Currently, specific emergency preparedness documents are unavailable for both proxy facilities. The documents may either not be available, or were not supplied to the consultant for review. However, questionnaire about emergency preparedness has been answered to by the Jayapura Peaker facility. Thus, analysis could be conducted. The emergency preparedness requirements as per policies of PT. PLN (persero) do essentially correspond with the national standard (SMK3). This is in line with the statement in the Chapter 10 and 11 in the Decree of the board of directors of PT. PLN (Persero) that requires the application of SMK3 or OHSAS 18001 for all facilities, to be implemented by unit or branch level of the company.

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Description of Emergency Preparedness and Response for Proxy Facilities

The answer of emergency preparedness questionnaire from Jayapura Peaker facility could be seen in Appendix 1. Key findings are presented below:

• The total of workers in Jayapura Peaker facility is 166 personel. • Emergency preparedness in the facility is using SMK3 but not extended to OHSAS 18001. • Hazard identification was already done by the management. • Documentation, Communication and Simulation is not fully implemented. • The Emergency Preparedness Team, Training, Emergency Preparedness Plan, Emergency equipment and Audit of Emergency Preparedness are not implemented yet though the policies exist and documented on the site.

5 Conclusions

The proxy facilities assessed in this study are operated by branch units of PT. PLN (Persero), employ more than 100 workers with high risk process flows and contained flammable and pressurized fuel material in the plant. Based on PT. PLN (persero) policies, such facilities require to comply with SMK3 or OHSAS 18001 standard for occupational health and safety management that also require the establishment of an emergency preparedness and response system. Adherance to the policies is compulsory. The assessment has identified gaps in the enforcement of PT. PLN (persero) policies at proxy facilities. There is still a lack of institutional capacities for implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The emergency preparedness element that is already performed is Hazard Identification. Other emergency preparedness elements (ERP Team, ERP plan, ERP Procedure, ERP Equipment, documentation dan communication) are not consistently prepared and implemented. These need to be well prepared to obtain a good OH&S management system.

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The emergency preparedness system of the proxy facilities needs to be well documented.

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