Pomegranate's Ellagitannins: Metabolism and Mechanisms Of
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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Ellagic Acid and Urolithin
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Ellagic Acid and Urolithin A Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Diet-Induced Insulin Resistant Mice and Reduce Detrimental Effects of Palmitate Administration in Differentiated C2C12 Myotubes. A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology by Brenda Chan 2018 © Copyright by Brenda Chan 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Ellagic Acid and Urolithin A Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Diet-Induced Insulin Resistant Mice and Reduce Detrimental Effects of Palmitate Administration in Differentiated C2C12 Myotubes. by Brenda Chan Master of Science in Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Catherine F. Clarke, Chair Insulin resistance has been spreading as food and sedentary lifestyles are becoming more common. Major bodily complications often result, necessitating a search for affordable solutions. Phytochemicals are commonly used in alternative medicine but less so in areas where obesity and T2D prevail. This thesis studies ellagic acid (EA) and its metabolite urolithin A (UA) as potential treatments for insulin resistance, focusing on the main site of glucose uptake, skeletal muscle. In diet-induced insulin-resistant mice, long-term dietary EA&UA administration reduced glucose levels in IPITTs, while UA alone also reduced serum FFA and fasting glucose levels. Mitochondrial turnover and ROS detoxification markers increased with treatment, indicating improved mitochondrial quality control. Differentiated C2C12 mouse myotubes were utilized to study cellular effects of EA and UA. In insulin resistant myotubes, treatment enhanced ATP ii production and reduced ROS, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. With insulin, UA increased uncoupled respiration while decreasing ROS, implying increased fuel oxidation without adding oxidative stress. -
6 Health Aspects and Antiaflatoxigenic Activity of Phytochemicals in Tree
OF Health Aspects 6 and Antiaflatoxigenic Activity of Phytochemicals in Tree Nuts Russell]. Molyneux, Noreen Mahoney, long H. Kim, and Bruce C. Campbell CONTENTS 6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 95 6.2 Aflatoxinsin Tree Nuts ........................................................................................................... 96 6.3 Allatoxin Resistance Phytochemicals in Tree Nuts................................................................97 6.3.1 Varietal Resistance of Tree Nut Species .....................................................................98 6.3.2 Antiaflatoxigenic Constituents in Specific Tissues .....................................................98 6.4 Isolation and Identification of Walnut Antiatlatoxigenic Constituents...................................99 6.4.1 Bioassay-Directed Fractionation .................................................................................99 6.4.2 Analysis of Hydrolysable Tannin Content in Walnuts ..............................................100 6.4.3 Gallic and Ellagic Acid Content in Tree Nuts...........................................................101 6.4.3.1 Variation of Gallic and Ellagic Acids with Maturity .................................101 6.4.3.2 Variation of Gallic and Ellagic Acids with Cultivar..................................101 6.4.3.3 Structure—Activity Relationships ...............................................................103 6.5 Mechanism -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,919,636 B2 Seeram Et Al
USOO7919636B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,919,636 B2 Seeram et al. (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 5, 2011 (54) PURIFICATIONS OF POMEGRANATE Aviram, M., et al., “Pomegranate juice consumption inhibits serum ELLAGTANNINS AND THEIR USES angiotensin converting enzyme activity and reduces systolic blood THEREOF pressure.” (2001) Atherosclerosis, 158: 195-198. Cerda, B., et al., “Evaluation of bioavailability and metabolism in the (75) Inventors: Navindra P. Seeram, Los Angeles, CA rat of punicalagin, an antioxidant polyphenol from pomegranate juice.” (2003) Eur, J. Nutr., 42:18-28. (US); David Heber, Los Angeles, CA Cerda, B., et al., “Repeated oral administration of high doses of the (US) pomegranate elagitannin punicalaginto rats for 37 days is not toxic.” (2003) J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:3493-3501. (73) Assignee: The Regents of the University of Doig, A., et al., “Isolation and structure elucidation of punicalagin, a California, Oakland, CA (US) toxic hydrolysable tannin, from Terminalia oblongata.” (1990) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 2317-2321. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this El-Toumy, S., et al., “Two ellagitannins from Punica granatum patent is extended or adjusted under 35 heartwood.” (2002) Phytochemistry, 61:971-974. U.S.C. 154(b) by 248 days. Filippich, L., et al., “Hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic principles in Terminalia oblongata.” (1991) Research in Veterinary Science, (21) Appl. No.: 12/143,657 50:17O-177. Gil, M., et al., “Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its (22) Filed: Jun. 20, 2008 relationship with phenolic composition and processing.” (2000) J. Agric. Food Chem., 48:4581-4589. -
One Step Purification of Corilagin and Ellagic Acid from Phyllanthus
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Phytochem. Anal. 13, 1–3 (2002) DOI: 10.1002/pca.608 One Step Purification of Corilagin and Ellagic Acid from Phyllanthus urinaria using High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography Liu Jikai,1* Huang Yue,1 Thomas Henkel2 and Karlheinz Weber2 1Department of Phytochemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People s Republic of China 2Bayer AG, Pharma Research, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) has been successfully applied to the preparative separation of corilagin and ellagic acid in one step from the Chinese medicinal plant Phyllanthus urinaria L. by use of direct and successive injections of a crude methanolic extract. Some aspects concerning the practical use of this technique in the described application are considered. Copyright # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Keywords: High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC); one step purification; corilagin; ellagic acid; Phyllanthus urinaria. INTRODUCTION al., 1993; Cheng et al., 1995) and infectious disease (anti- viral, Yoon et al., 2000). The present report deals with the one-step isolation of compounds 1 and 2 from the Most separations in the natural product field are methanolic extract of aerial parts of P. urinaria, and performed through chromatography on solid supports, demonstrates the rapid and efficient access of the but all-liquid techniques are currently attracting con- constituents using HSCCC. siderable interest. High-speed countercurrent chroma- tography (HSCCC) is an all-liquid technique that employs no solid support and functions using a multi- layer coil rotating at high speed in a device that creates a fluctuating acceleration field which produces successive bands of mixing and settling along a continuous tube (Conway, 1995). -
In Pomegranates – J
OPTIONS OPTIONS méditerranéennes méditerranéennes II International Symposium SERIES A: Mediterranean Seminars 2012 – Number 103 CIHEAM on the Pomegranate II International Symposium Edited by: P. Melgarejo, D. Valero on the Pomegranate Edited by: P. Melgarejo, D. Valero These Proceedings include 63 scientific papers presented at the II International Symposium on the Pomegranate, held in Madrid (Spain) from 19 to 21 October 2011. Production and commerce of pomegranate and its derived products have experienced significant growth everywhere in the world. Progress has been made in cultivation techniques and some traditional problems have been solved, although new problems such as Xanthomonas axonopodis attacks constitute a present threat. New public and private institutions in different countries are working to improve the on the Pomegranate production and quality of the pomegranate, and new varieties are being commercialized. The cultivar is a determining factor in issues related to nutritional composition and bioactive compounds with II International Symposium antioxidant activity. At the same time, significant advances in postharvest technologies have been made in the past years, specially focused on the use of technologies with natural compounds of great efficiency in maintaining OPTIONS OPTIONS méditerranéennes the quality and safety of pomegranate fruit during prolonged storage periods. méditerranéennes Special importance is attached to the advance in the industrialization processes through the technologies for processing ready-to-eat arils. In the past years, new protocols for quality evaluation using sensory analysis have been developed. With respect to the relationship between pomegranate and health, recent clinical studies report that pomegranate juice or extract can reduce the progression of prostate cancer, although more studies are needed to confirm these experimental results. -
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Punica Granatum L
Kumari et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2021; 11(3):113-121 Available online on 15.05.2021 at http://jddtonline.info Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research © 2011-21, publisher and licensee JDDT, This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted non-commercial use(CC By-NC), provided the original work is properly cited Open Access Full Text Article Review Article Punica granatum L. (Dadim), Therapeutic Importance of World’s Most Ancient Fruit Plant Kumari Isha, Kaurav Hemlata, Chaudhary Gitika* Shuddhi Ayurveda, Jeena Sikho Lifecare Pvt. Ltd. Zirakpur, 140603, Punjab, India Article Info: Abstract ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Article History: The custom of using plants for the therapeutic and dietary practices is as old as origin of Received 23 March 2021; humanity on the earth. One of the most ancient fruit plant is Punica granatum L., Review Completed 20 April 2021 pomegranate belongs to Lythraceae family. The plant has a very rich ethnic history of its Accepted 26 April 2021; utilization around the world. The plant was used to symbolize prosperity, life, happiness, Available online 15 May 2021 fertility etc. Apart from the ethnic beliefs associated with the plant, it is a well-considered ______________________________________________________________ plant based remedy used in treatment of many diseases in traditional system like Ayurveda Cite this article as: and folk system of medicine. In Ayurveda it is esteemed as a Rasayana. It is used in many Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations which are used against many diseases. The plant Kumari I, Kaurav H, Chaudhary G, Punica granatum L. (Dadim), Therapeutic Importance of World’s Most consists of numerous phytochemical constituents in it such as polysaccharides, minerals, Ancient Fruit Plant, Journal of Drug Delivery and polyphenols, tannins, saponins, quinones, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, terpenoids, Therapeutics. -
Thowiba Mohammed Eltayeb Mohammed
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Garad (Acacia nilotica L.) and Rumman (Punica granatum L.) Plants Thowiba Mohammed Eltayeb Mohammed B. Sc.( Honor) in Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Education- Elhasahiesa, University of Gezira (2002) Post- graduate Diploma in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (2004) M.sc in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology (Biosciences) (2009) A Thesis Submitted to the University of Gezira in Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biosciences and Biotechnology, (Microbiology) Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology Faculty of Engineering and Technology August 2015 1 Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Garad (Acacia nilotica L.) and Rumman (Punica granatum L.) Plants Thowiba Mohammed Eltayeb Mohammed Supervision Committee: Name Position Signature Prof / Awad Mohamed Abdel-Rahim Main Supervisor ………………. Dr. Mutaman Ali Abdelgadir Kehail Co – Supervisor ……………… Date: August, 2015 2 Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Garad (Acacia nilotica L) and Rumman (Punica granatum L.) Plants Thowiba Mohammed Eltayeb Mohammed Examination Committee: Name Position Signature Prof/ Awad Mohamed Abdel-Rahim Chairman --------------- Hassan Beshir ElAmin External Examiner -------------- Dr. Zakaria Ahmed Salih Internal Examiner --------------- Date of Examination 10 /08 /2015 3 بسم هللا -
1 Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro Instituto De
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE QUÍMICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIA DE ALIMENTOS Ana Beatriz Neves Martins DEVELOPMENT AND STABILITY OF JABUTICABA (MYRCIARIA JABOTICABA) JUICE OBTAINED BY STEAM EXTRACTION RIO DE JANEIRO 2018 1 Ana Beatriz Neves Martins DEVELOPMENT AND STABILITY OF JABUTICABA (MYRCIARIA JABOTICABA) JUICE OBTAINED BY STEAM EXTRACTION Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência de Alimentos do Instituto de Química, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos. Orientadores: Prof.ª Mariana Costa Monteiro Prof. Daniel Perrone Moreira RIO DE JANEIRO 2018 2 3 Ana Beatriz Neves Martins DEVELOPMENT AND STABILITY OF JABUTICABA (MYRCIARIA JABOTICABA) JUICE OBTAINED BY STEAM EXTRACTION Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência de Alimentos do Instituto de Química, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos. Aprovada por: ______________________________________________________ Presidente, Profª. Mariana Costa Monteiro, INJC/UFRJ ______________________________________________________ Profª. Maria Lúcia Mendes Lopes, INJC/UFRJ ______________________________________________________ Profª. Lourdes Maria Correa Cabral, EMPBRAPA RIO DE JANEIRO 2018 4 ACKNOLEDGEMENTS Ninguém passa por essa vida sem alguém pra dividir momentos, sorrisos ou choros. Então, se eu cheguei até aqui, foi porque jamais estive sozinha, e não poderia deixar de agradecer aqueles que estiveram comigo, fisicamente ou em pensamento. Primeiramente gostaria de agradecer aos meus pais, Claudia e Ricardo, por tudo. Pelo amor, pela amizade, pela incansável dedicação, pelos valores passados e por todo esforço pra que eu pudesse ter uma boa educação. -
Formulation Strategies to Improve Oral Bioavailability of Ellagic Acid
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 7 April 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0100.v1 Peer-reviewed version available at Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 3353; doi:10.3390/app10103353 Review Formulation strategies to improve oral bioavailability of ellagic acid Guendalina Zuccari 1,*, Sara Baldassari 1, Giorgia Ailuno 1, Federica Turrini 1, Silvana Alfei 1, and Gabriele Caviglioli 1 1 Department of Pharmacy, Università di Genova, 16147 Genova, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39 010 3352627 Featured Application: An updated description of pursued approaches for efficiently resolving the low bioavailability issue of ellagic acid. Abstract: Ellagic acid, a polyphenolic compound present in fruits and berries, has recently been object of extensive research for its antioxidant activity, which might be useful for the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular pathologies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its protective role justifies numerous attempts to include it in functional food preparations and in dietary supplements not only to limit the unpleasant collateral effects of chemotherapy. However, ellagic acid use as chemopreventive agent has been debated because of its poor bioavailability associated to low solubility, limited permeability, first pass effect, and interindividual variability in gut microbial transformations. To overcome these drawbacks, various strategies for oral administration including solid dispersions, micro-nanoparticles, inclusion complexes, self- emulsifying systems, polymorphs have been proposed. Here, we have listed an updated description of pursued micro/nanotechnological approaches focusing on the fabrication processes and the features of the obtained products, as well as on the positive results yielded by in vitro and in vivo studies in comparison to the raw material. -
Pomegranate (Punica Granatum)
Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2016; 6(12):769-787 Page 769 of 787 Research Article Open Access Pomegranate (Punica granatum): a natural source for the development of therapeutic compositions of food supplements with anticancer activities based on electron acceptor molecular characteristics Veljko Veljkovic1,2, Sanja Glisic2, Vladimir Perovic2, Nevena Veljkovic2, Garth L Nicolson3 1Biomed Protection, Galveston, TX, USA; 2Center for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; 3Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA Corresponding author: Garth L Nicolson, PhD, MD (H), Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA Submission Date: October 3, 2016, Accepted Date: December 18, 2016, Publication Date: December 30, 2016 Citation: Veljkovic V.V., Glisic S., Perovic V., Veljkovic N., Nicolson G.L.. Pomegranate (Punica granatum): a natural source for the development of therapeutic compositions of food supplements with anticancer activities based on electron acceptor molecular characteristics. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2016; 6(12):769-787 ABSTRACT Background: Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, in addition to clinical data, demonstrate that pomegranate juice can prevent or slow-down the progression of some types of cancers. Despite the well-documented effect of pomegranate ingredients on neoplastic changes, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying this phenomenon remains elusive. Methods: For the study of pomegranate ingredients the electron-ion interaction potential (EIIP) and the average quasi valence number (AQVN) were used. These molecular descriptors can be used to describe the long-range intermolecular interactions in biological systems and can identify substances with strong electron-acceptor properties. -
Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Juice and Its Relationship with Phenolic Composition and Processing
J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48, 4581−4589 4581 Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Juice and Its Relationship with Phenolic Composition and Processing Marı´a I. Gil,† Francisco A. Toma´s-Barbera´n,† Betty Hess-Pierce,‡ Deirdre M. Holcroft,§ and Adel A. Kader*,‡ Department of Pomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 4195, Murcia 30080, Spain, and Department of Horticultural Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa The antioxidant activity of pomegranate juices was evaluated by four different methods (ABTS, DPPH, DMPD, and FRAP) and compared to those of red wine and a green tea infusion. Commercial pomegranate juices showed an antioxidant activity (18-20 TEAC) three times higher than those of red wine and green tea (6-8 TEAC). The activity was higher in commercial juices extracted from whole pomegranates than in experimental juices obtained from the arils only (12-14 TEAC). HPLC- DAD and HPLC-MS analyses of the juices revealed that commercial juices contained the pomegranate tannin punicalagin (1500-1900 mg/L) while only traces of this compound were detected in the experimental juice obtained from arils in the laboratory. This shows that pomegranate industrial processing extracts some of the hydrolyzable tannins present in the fruit rind. This could account for the higher antioxidant activity of commercial juices compared to the experimental ones. In addition, anthocyanins, ellagic acid derivatives, and hydrolyzable tannins were detected and quantified in the pomegranate juices. Keywords: Pomegranate; Punica granatum; Punicaceae; juice; phenolics; anthocyanins; ellagic acid; punicalagin; tannins; antioxidant activity; ABTS; DPPH; DMPD; FRAP INTRODUCTION 1986b), leaf (Tanaka et al., 1985; Nawwar et al., 1994b), and the fruit husk (Mayer et al., 1977) are very rich in Epidemiological studies show that consumption of ellagitannins and gallotannins. -
Program and Abstracts (PDF)
PSNA News Phytochemical Society of North America Sociedad Fitoquímica de América del Norte Société Phytochimique de L’Amerique du Nord Volume 46, Number 1 July 2007 From the President Norman G. Lewis The hour is rapidly approaching: The next PSNA annual meeting will be held in the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center from July 21- 25, 2007. I am delighted—and hope that everyone is—with the quite fantastic range of scientific topics to be covered. These of course reflect the remarkable scientific diversity of the PSNA membership, and the field of phytochemistry in its many forms and in its allied fields. The program for this year’s annual meeting, the short biographies of the invited speakers, and the abstracts follow the newsletter below. The progress made in restructuring some of the PSNA’s activities is also described. See you in St. Louis! 2007 PSNA Annual Meeting Venue: The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center (DDPSC) We are particularly grateful to Roger Beachy, President, DDPSC, for agreeing to have their wonderful Center serve as the venue for this year’s meeting. Conference delegates will have the added treat of being shuttled from the hotel to the DDPSC for the various technical sessions—for many, this will remind you of your early childhood days—as you will learn! Donald Danforth Plant Science Center The DDPSC was founded in 1998 as a non-profit research institute with a main focus being on improving the human condition through plant science. Since its opening in 2001, some of its important missions include basic and applied research, education and training, with goals of feeding the hungry, improving human health, preserving and renewing the environment, as well as helping address the area of renewable energy through biofuels.