DOCSLIB.ORG

Japanese Experience on Structural Measures for Flood Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Japanese Experience on Structural Measures for Flood Management Japanese experience on Structural Measures for Flood Management Kazuhiko FUKAMI Hydrologic Engineering Research Team, Public Works Research Institute (PWRI), Japan Kenji KANAO and Katsuhisa SHIOJI River Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT), Japan Rivers in Japan are steep. Rivers in Japan tend to be steep, short and rapid flowing. Rhine River Loire River Joganji River Colorado River Abe River Shinano River Tone River Chikugo River Seine River Yoshino River Kitakami River Mekong River Elevation River mouth Distance from river mouth (km) Comparison of the longitudinal profiles of rivers in Japan and other countries －1－ Fifty percent of population and 75% of property are concentrated in floodplains accounting for only 10% of total land area. Alluvial plains Other areas (areas lower than river stage in times of flood) Property Population Land area －2－ Land use changes in the left-bank area of the Ara River Floodway in the past 100 years 明治188215年 Present現在 Adachi Ward Adachi足立区 Ward Katsushika Katsushika葛飾区 Ward Ward Edogawa Edogawa江戸川区 Ward Ward －3－ Major storm and flood disaster after WWII ～ Typhoon Kathleen (September, 1947) ～ Number of persons killed: 1077 Number of persons missing: 853 Number of persons injured: 1,547 Number of houses completely or partially destroyed: 9,298 Above-floor-level/below-floor-level inundation: 384,743 Katsuhika Ward, Tokyo Areas inundated by the September 1947 flood Failure of the levee along the Tone River in the Tone River System (134.5km from river mouth) －4－ Changes in the number of persons killed by storms and floods Disaster o Nishi Nihon T I Kano I Disaster o T Nishi NihonHeav Second M Nag Sanin T T M Ky Har Rain Fukushim Rain Disaster Hiroshi Tokai He s s o ah e y y y t y phoon No. phoon No. phoon No. B Number of ushu AugustHe Unzen a ay i a m ay h ga sa a a Seibu Hea a Ty T r wa ki FloodDisaster r F m a u lood Dis persons y f avy RainDisaster River a DebrisF f phoon K u a Ty phoon 195 T Fuge /T 風水害の死者数r Ty Ty Ty Ty o y Flood phoon 6, 17/N 24/N to phoo 19 ochig phoon Ruth phoon Jan phoon Kitty phoon I 3 Ty killed ( Nag T 53 nd v K y a p y y a a n ak ster phoo o o hoon No. RainDisaster i avy goshim thlee Heavy Rain Disaster l . a 18/No. 26 ow, Ku e sa Ty o P Rain ki L n n y 10,000 n e e phoon No. r oclastic a Rain, a ) m 19 6/No. Debr ndslide ( a m KochiHeavy o is to Flo 7/No. 17 Flow Hea S w hojuso) , 9 v y 1,000 Logarithmic s 100 1946–1965 c Flood damage mitigation project cost: al 1966–1985 e about 5 trillion yen Flood damage mitigation project cost: about 24 trillion yen 10 1986–2000 (Project costs based on 1995 unit prices) Flood damage mitigation project cost: about 30 trillion yen 1 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 • The graph shows the total number of persons killed by floods, mass movements and volcanic activities. • The death tolls are based on disaster statistics compiled by the River Bureau (1947–1952) and National Police Agency data (1953–). • The flood damage mitigation project costs are shown as net values (calculated according to the 1995 flood damage mitigation project index) and are total amounts including the costs of the projects funded by national government subsidies. (The costs for 1946–1959, however, include the costs of flood damage mitigation projects funded by local governments alone for reasons associated with the availability of statistics.) Prepared by Disaster Risk Management Office, Disaster Prevention and Relief Division, River Bureau (September 2001) －5－ Construction of flood diversion channels Kano River Floodway (Shizuoka Pref.) Toyo River Floodway (Aichi Pref.) Ota River Floodway (Hiroshima Pref.) －6－ Construction of flood retarding basins Ichinoseki Detention Basins Ueno Detention Basin System (Mie Pref.) Maehori area protected by Ishinoseki Detention Basin System Ichinoseki Detention Basin System (Iwate Pref.) －7－ Urbanization Rapid development since the second half of the 1950s has caused many river basins to be mostly urbanized. Example: Tsurumi River Basin (drainage area: 235 km2) 1958 Percentage of 1997 Percentage of urbanization urbanization Nature area Nature area Urbanized area Urbanized area Population: 379,000 Population: 1,820,000 Urbanized land area: 23.5 km2 Urbanized land area: 196 km2 －8－ Example of urban flood damage Urban rivers run very low in ordinary times. In times of heavy rains such as typhoons, however, stormwater is concentrated quickly, and the resultant runoff and overtopping impair urban functions and cause the inundation of underground streets. This type of damage is characteristic of urban floods. Kanda River in ordinary times (Tokyo) Kanda River in flood during Typhoon No. 11 in 1993 －9－ Comprehensive Flood Control Measures So as to enhance flood-control-safety-level in urban areas, it is necessary to implement comprehensive measures, such as the measures for river basin, damage alleviation measures, improvement of sewerages and the like other than river improvement. - Improvement of river channel (embankment, dredging) Comprehensive FloodControl Measures River Improvement - Construction of flood control basin, drainage canal, etc. - Preservation of urbanization control area Retention area - Conservation of natural region - Establishment of disaster prevention regulating pond - Installation of permeable pavement, seepage pit, etc. - Preservation of urbanization control area Measures in Retarding - Land-filling (raising) inhibition river basin area - Improvement of farming condition - Construction of drainage facility behind levee Lowland - Installation of detention facility area - Construction of設置 water-resisting architecture - Establishment of alert evacuation system - Reinforcement of flood fighting system Damage alleviation - Publication of flood record, flood-predicted area measures - Encouragement of water-resisting architecture - Propaganda activities for residents Figure of comprehensive flood-control measures system －10－ Tsurumi River Detention Basin and Loop Road No. 7 Underground Detention Basin Kanda River Loop Road No. 7 Tsurumi River Detention Basin Underground Detention Basin Yokohama Intake facilities Kanda River International Overflow Stadium levee Detention basin Drainage gate Tsurumi River Toriyama River １２．５ ｍ Detention Tsurumi basin River Yokohama International Stadium Comparison between Typhoon No. 11 of August, 1993, and Typhoon No. 22 of October, 2004 (Kanda River) Levee Overflow levee Levee Similar rainfalls, but by far smaller damage because of underground detention About 1,250,000 m3 of inflow due to Typhoon No. 22 in October 2004 Downstream water level lowered by up to 1.5 m 288 With overflow Aug. 27, Aug. 27, 3117 H5.8.27 1993 1993 47 H5.8.27 Rainfall Overflow (Yayoi-cho rain gauge station) Tsurumi River Detention basin Inundation damage 284 Oct. 9, (number of buildings) Total Oct. 9, 7 H200416.10. 9 rainfall 57 H162004.10 .9 (As of November 1) Hourly rainfall Overflow levee Without overflow 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 （mm） 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500（棟） Tsurumi, right bank, 14.8km from river mouth, upstream of overflow levee (Buildings) Total detention volume: about 1,250,000 m3 －11－ Stormwater detention ponds and infiltration facilities Regulating reservoir Example of use as a multipurpose facility Construction of regulating reservoir In ordinary times Kirigaoka Regulating Reservoir Example of biotope creation (Tsurumi River) In times of flood Construction of permeable pavement, infiltration pits, etc. Construction of stormwater retarding facilities Permeable pavement Let us together make Tokyo a safer place to live in. Playground storage Infiltration pit Infiltration trench In ordinary times In times of flood Stormwater infiltration trench Stormwater infiltration pit Infiltration pit, infiltration trench －12－ Construction of high-standard levees ("super levees") High-standard levees A high-standard levee is an embankment designed as part of a community to prevent destructive damage resulting from a levee break caused by a flood greater than the design flood. High-s高規格堤防tandard levee Area to be integrated高規格堤防と with一体と a high-sなtっandaて地域づrd leveeくりを進 as paめrt るof区 a 域community 堤防Leveeの高さ height(h) About 30 ti堤防mes asの 高highさの as３０ a conven倍程度tional levee River河川区域 area Width of通常堤防 conventioのna幅l levee Ara River (Komatsukawa area) High-standard levee projects are integrated with urban redevelopment projects to make efficient use of limited space in built-up areas. －13－ Construction of high-standard levees ("super levees") along the Yodo River Oasaka area High-standard levee section ○Large former factory site ○Construction of public housing complexes, etc., to make Effective use of waterfront Yodo River (Torishima area) Before levee construction After levee construction －14－ Watarase flood Retarding Basin Multi-purpose reservoir - flood control - water supply (domestic & maintenance) Specification of Watarase Flood Retarding Basin and Reservoir • Watarase Flood Rerarding Basin – Total area 33 km2 – Total flood control volume 200 x 106m3 • Watarase Multi-Purpose Reservoir (Yanaka Res.) – Surface area 4.5 km2 – Total volume of reservoir 26.4 x 106m3 – Flood control volume 10.0 x 106m3 – Water level during flood period (July 1～September 30) 11.5 m (YP) ( 3.0 m deep) – High water level 15.0 m (YP) ( 6.5 m deep) Flood Control by Watarase Flood Retarding Basin (1) The Watarase Flood Retarding Basin cuts all the inflows (9,400m3/s) from the Watarase River to the Tone River during its peak event. Flood Control Uzuma Riv. Unit: m3/sec Watarase
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Japanese Suiseki for Display at the BCI Convention, Visions of the American West, June 21 to 24, 2012
    promoting international friendship through bonsai bonsai-bci.com Japanese suiseki for display at the BCI convention, Visions of the American West, June 21 to 24, 2012 Auction of Japanese Stone Donation Please note that all proceeds from this auction will go to Bonsai Clubs International. Bonsai Clubs International members have an unusual opportunity to acquire an authentic Japanese suiseki while supporting BCI. If you are not a member, you can join at this time and participate in the auction! What: Eighteen stones, each with it’s own hand In the case of tie bids, the bid with the earliest carved base, were donated by members of the submission date and time will be considered as the International Viewing Stone Association in Japan successful bid. for display at the BCI convention and for auction to benefit BCI. Please remember that people at the live auction can outbid online submissions. See the Stones: During the BCI convention, the stones will be on display in the Lupine Room of the What if I win the bid? Successful bidder at the Denver Marriott Tech Center. Prior to the convention, live auction can pick up their stones immediately larger photos of these stones can be viewed online after the auction and after they have paid the BCI at www.bonsai-bci.com. Treasurer for their winning bid. Online winners will be notified within one week following the close of How do I buy one? The stone will be auctioned at the convention. Successful online winner will be the closing dinner of the BCI convention. The best required to pay for the stone and for actual packing way of insuring success is to attend the convention and shipping costs before the stones are shipped to and be present at the auction.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Prevention and Mitigation of Flood-Related Disasters in the World by Utilizing Integrated Risk Management Approach
    －Priority Research Project－ Research on prevention and mitigation of flood-related disasters in the world by utilizing integrated risk management approach Research Period: FY2005-2010 Project Leader: Director of Water-related Hazard Research Group TERAKAWA Akira Research Group: Water-related Hazard Research Group Cold-Region Hydraulic and Aquatic Environment Engineering Research Group Abstract: In order to make contribution for preventing and mitigating flood-related disasters in the world, this project covers several topics for integrated risk assessment and risk management in various natural and social conditions. The research topics in FY2006 include analysis of social vulnerability to flood disaster, flood forecasting and warning making use of satellite information, flood hazard mapping and experimental/analytical study on the behavior of tsunami wave running up into rivers. The outputs from the project are expected to be used as training materials for practical engineers of developing countries in charge of flood related disasters management. Key words: flood, tsunami, risk management, capacity building, forecasting, warning, hazard map －Individual Themes－ A case study on asistance for strengthning flood damage mitigation measurers Budged: Grants for operating expenses General account Research Period: FY2006-2008 Research Team: Disaster Prevention Author: YOSHITANI Junichi TAKEMOTO Norimichi Abstract: This study is to summarize analyses of local vulnerability for water hazards and tangible measurers for strengthening damage mitigation systems on a regional basis. In fiscal 2006, we selected two countries of Philippines and Sri Lanka and did factor analysis of flood damages by means of literature research. Furthermore, regarding Bangladesh, we collected additional information mainly by hearings, formed a hypothesis and verified it by field survey.
    [Show full text]
  • Geography & Climate
    Web Japan http://web-japan.org/ GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE A country of diverse topography and climate characterized by peninsulas and inlets and Geography offshore islands (like the Goto archipelago and the islands of Tsushima and Iki, which are part of that prefecture). There are also A Pacific Island Country accidented areas of the coast with many Japan is an island country forming an arc in inlets and steep cliffs caused by the the Pacific Ocean to the east of the Asian submersion of part of the former coastline due continent. The land comprises four large to changes in the Earth’s crust. islands named (in decreasing order of size) A warm ocean current known as the Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, Kuroshio (or Japan Current) flows together with many smaller islands. The northeastward along the southern part of the Pacific Ocean lies to the east while the Sea of Japanese archipelago, and a branch of it, Japan and the East China Sea separate known as the Tsushima Current, flows into Japan from the Asian continent. the Sea of Japan along the west side of the In terms of latitude, Japan coincides country. From the north, a cold current known approximately with the Mediterranean Sea as the Oyashio (or Chishima Current) flows and with the city of Los Angeles in North south along Japan’s east coast, and a branch America. Paris and London have latitudes of it, called the Liman Current, enters the Sea somewhat to the north of the northern tip of of Japan from the north. The mixing of these Hokkaido.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrological Services in Japan and LESSONS for DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
    MODERNIZATION OF Hydrological Services In Japan AND LESSONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Foundation of River & Basin Integrated Communications, Japan (FRICS) ABBREVIATIONS ADCP acoustic Doppler current profilers CCTV closed-circuit television DRM disaster risk management FRICS Foundation of River & Basin Integrated Communications, Japan GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery ICT Information and Communications Technology JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JMA Japan Meteorological Agency GISTDA Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency MLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism MP multi parameter NHK Japan Broadcasting Corporation SAR synthetic aperture radar UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Table of Contents 1. Summary......................................................................3 2. Overview of Hydrological Services in Japan ........................................7 2.1 Hydrological services and river management............................................7 2.2 Flow of hydrological information ......................................................7 3. Japan’s Hydrological Service Development Process and Related Knowledge, Experiences, and Lessons ......................................................11 3.1 Relationships between disaster management development and hydrometeorological service changes....................................................................11 3.2 Changes in water-related disaster management in Japan and reQuired
    [Show full text]
  • Off-Track Betting on Your Doorstep *Charges for Pay-Seats, Etc., Are Valid As of Nov
    Ashiyu foot bath at WINS Isawa Excel Floor of WINS Shin-Yokohama Carousel at WINS Shin-Shirakawa WINS Kyoto Entrance to WINS Namba WINS Sasebo in Huis ten Bosch WINS – off-track betting on your doorstep *Charges for pay-seats, etc., are valid as of Nov. 13th, 2009. Did you know that you can place a bet without going to a racecourse? Just pop in to your local WINS off-track betting facility! With branches all over Japan, WINS are also convenient places for meeting spot or just taking a coffee break. Some WINS facilities are set up with comfortable sofas and PC and monitor for your personal use, allowing you to enjoy the whole day at the races! Of course, WINS also make payouts on winning bets. WINS Sapporo(some pay-seats) WINS Shizunai WINS Kushiro WINS Ginza-dori WINS Korakuen (some pay-seats) WINS Kinshicho (some pay-seats) Dodo-Biratori Shizunai Route JR Senmo Main Line Main Senmo JR ▲Sapporo Stn. Homac ▼ 391 Subway Ryogoku Ichikawa ▼ Hokkaido Sales WINS Posful Fujiya Toei Subway Hibiya Line Ginza Stn. Police box Kasuga Stn. Kinshicho Stn. WINS Sapporo Toho Subway Line Shizunai Kushiro Loop Road Setsuribashi Oedo Line JR Sobu Line Cosmo● Shizunai River Kushiro Timber Building B Higashi Ginza Mitsukoshi ● ● ● Subway Fire Station Reservoir ● Korakuen Stn. JR Yurakucho Stn. Hanzomon Line Stn. Dept. Store Expressway ● Suidobashi Stn. Plaza ▲ Miyuki-dori 44 Arche● ●Senshu-An Seiko Mart ● Shizunai Kushiro Rosai● Kushiro Ginza Stn. Tokyo Dome City Shopping Kinshicho Stn. Ginza-dori Kamotsu Showa-dori Attractions T street Police Hospital Yotsume-dori Municipal Nemuro o Marunouchi Line Subway e ● Jidosha Matsuya Dept.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List
    Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List A002: (Advances in Earth & Planetary Science) oral 201A 5/１７, 9:45–10:20, *A002-001, Science of small bodies opened by Hayabusa Akira Fujiwara 5/１７, 10:20–10:55, *A002-002, What has the lunar explorer ''Kaguya'' seen ? Junichi Haruyama 5/１７, 10:55–11:30, *A002-003, Planetary Explorations of Japan: Past, current, and future Takehiko Satoh A003: (Geoscience Education and Outreach) oraｌ 301A 5/１７, 9:00–9:02, Introductory talk -outreach activity for primary school students 5/１７, 9:02–9:14, A003-001, Learning of geological formation for pupils by Geological Museum: Part (3) Explanation of geological formation Shiro Tamanyu, Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada 5/17, 9:14-9:26, A003-002 YUREO: an analog experiment equipment for earthquake induced landslide Youhei Suzuki, Shintaro Hayashi, Shuichi Sasaki 5/17, 9:26-9:38, A003-003 Learning of 'geological formation' for elementary schoolchildren by the Geological Museum, AIST: Overview and Drawing worksheets Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada, Shiro Tamanyu 5/17, 9:38-9:50, A003-004 Collaborative educational activities with schools in the Geological Museum and Geological Survey of Japan Yuki Sawada, Rie Morijiri, Shiro Tamanyu, other 5/17, 9:50-10:02, A003-005 What did the Schoolchildren's Summer Course in Seismology and Volcanology left 400 participants something? Kazuyuki Nakagawa 5/17, 10:02-10:14, A003-006 The seacret of Kyoto : The 9th Schoolchildren's Summer Course inSeismology and Volcanology Akiko Sato, Akira Sangawa, Kazuyuki Nakagawa Working group for
    [Show full text]
  • Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J
    Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei mandara Talia J. Andrei Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2016 © 2016 Talia J.Andrei All rights reserved Abstract Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J. Andrei This dissertation examines the historical and artistic circumstances behind the emergence in late medieval Japan of a short-lived genre of painting referred to as sankei mandara (pilgrimage mandalas). The paintings are large-scale topographical depictions of sacred sites and served as promotional material for temples and shrines in need of financial support to encourage pilgrimage, offering travelers worldly and spiritual benefits while inspiring them to donate liberally. Itinerant monks and nuns used the mandara in recitation performances (etoki) to lead audiences on virtual pilgrimages, decoding the pictorial clues and touting the benefits of the site shown. Addressing themselves to the newly risen commoner class following the collapse of the aristocratic order, sankei mandara depict commoners in the role of patron and pilgrim, the first instance of them being portrayed this way, alongside warriors and aristocrats as they make their way to the sites, enjoying the local delights, and worship on the sacred grounds. Together with the novel subject material, a new artistic language was created— schematic, colorful and bold. We begin by locating sankei mandara’s artistic roots and influences and then proceed to investigate the individual mandara devoted to three sacred sites: Mt. Fuji, Kiyomizudera and Ise Shrine (a sacred mountain, temple and shrine, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • “Kidai Shoran”
    “Kidai Shoran” What is the picture scroll Kidai Shoran? Kidai Shoran is a work that depicts a bird’s-eye view of the Nihonbashi street in Edo from the east side. It shows the main street between Nihonbashi and Imagawabashi (now, Chuo street) in 1805, over 200 years ago. e original is possessed by Museum für Asiatische Kunst, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Although this excellent work is characterized by a warm sight and delicate touch, regrettably the name of the painter is unknown. e work vividly depicts 88 wholesale and retail stores, 1,671 people with various positions and jobs, 20 dogs, 13 horses, 4 cows, 1 monkey, 2 falcons, etc. Interesting scenes unfold one after another. e title Kidai Shoran seems to mean “an excellent scene of the great city of Edo in a glorious era.” It is just as if we slipped back in time to the Edo period. GUIDE TO THE EXHIBITIONS Regarding Kidai Shoran as a valuable work that will hand down the history and culture of Nihonbashi-street to future generations, the Nihonbashi-bridge Preservation Society and Committee for the 100-Year Renaissance Plan for Nihonbashi and Environs created and exhibited an about 17-meter copy of the picture scroll with the permission of Museum für Asiatische Kunst, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin and under the general supervision of the Edo-Tokyo Museum. e picture part of the copy is 40% larger than that of the original. e copy has been printed on Japanese paper. e panel surrounding the picture shows explanations about the townspeople’s culture in the Edo period.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Loss Model Model
    GIROJ FloodGIROJ Loss Flood Loss Model Model General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan 2 Overview of Our Flood Loss Model GIROJ flood loss model includes three sub-models. Floods Modelling Estimate the loss using a flood simulation for calculating Riverine flooding*1 flooded areas and flood levels Less frequent (River Flood Engineering Model) and large- scale disasters Estimate the loss using a storm surge flood simulation for Storm surge*2 calculating flooded areas and flood levels (Storm Surge Flood Engineering Model) Estimate the loss using a statistical method for estimating the Ordinarily Other precipitation probability distribution of the number of affected buildings and occurring disasters related events loss ratio (Statistical Flood Model) *1 Floods that occur when water overflows a river bank or a river bank is breached. *2 Floods that occur when water overflows a bank or a bank is breached due to an approaching typhoon or large low-pressure system and a resulting rise in sea level in coastal region. 3 Overview of River Flood Engineering Model 1. Estimate Flooded Areas and Flood Levels Set rainfall data Flood simulation Calculate flooded areas and flood levels 2. Estimate Losses Calculate the loss ratio for each district per town Estimate losses 4 River Flood Engineering Model: Estimate targets Estimate targets are 109 Class A rivers. 【Hokkaido region】 Teshio River, Shokotsu River, Yubetsu River, Tokoro River, 【Hokuriku region】 Abashiri River, Rumoi River, Arakawa River, Agano River, Ishikari River, Shiribetsu River, Shinano
    [Show full text]
  • Landslides in Tea Plantation Fields in Shizuoka, Japan
    Int. J. of GEOMATE, Int.March, J. of 2013, GEOMATE, Vol. 4, No.March, 1 (Sl. 2013, No. Vol.7), pp. 4, No.495-500 1 (Sl. No. 7), pp. 495-500 Geotec., Const. Mat. and Env., ISSN:2186-2982(P), 2186-2990(O), Japan Landslides in Tea Plantation Fields in Shizuoka, Japan Jun Sugawara1 1Golder Associates, Australia ABSTRACT: Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan is famous for the production of quality Japanese green tea. Approximately 45% of Japan’s tea is produced in Shizuoka. In this region, tea plants are often grown in hilly terrain. Therefore, due to this topographic setting, as well as other natural characteristics including geotechnical and geological conditions, tea plantation fields are occasionally subject to landslides. This paper investigates the relationship between the tea plantation fields and landslide prone areas in Shizuoka Prefecture. In this study, tea plantation fields are described from the engineering standpoint. Typical mechanisms of landslides that have occurred in the tea plantation fields are also studied. A series of investigations reveal that there are many common points between the tea plantation fields and the landslide prone areas in this region. Keywords: Landslides, Tea Plantation Fields, Primary Cause, Triggering Cause this paper investigates the relationship between the tea 1. INTRODUCTION plantation fields and landslide prone areas in Shizuoka Drinking green tea has been a part of everyday life for Prefecture from the engineering standpoint. Japanese people for a long time. It is not only part of the Japanese culture, but it also provides health benefits. A 2. TEA PLANTION AND LANDSLIDES number of researchers have revealed various potential The northern part of Shizuoka Prefecture is surrounded by positive effects of drinking green tea such as anti-cancer, 3,000 meter high mountains which make up a mountain anti-oxidant, fat burning, prevention of arteriosclerosis, range called the Southern Alps.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Evaluation of Water and Substances Cycle in the Upper River Basin of Kushiro Mire by Using Swat Model
    Proceedings of the 22nd IAHR-APD Congress 2020, Sapporo, Japan QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF WATER AND SUBSTANCES CYCLE IN THE UPPER RIVER BASIN OF KUSHIRO MIRE BY USING SWAT MODEL HIROKI OHASHI OYO corporation, Saitama-City, Japan, [email protected] MAKOTO NAKATSUGAWA Muroran Institute of Tecnology, Muroran-City, Japan, [email protected] ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to evaluate water and substances (sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus) runoff mechanism quantitatively in Kuchoro River watershed located in the upper river basin of Kushiro mire. We applied SWAT model, which is sufficiently calibrated to this objective area, to understand runoff mechanism of water and substance cycle in 1940 to 2017. Main results of this study are 1) Substances flowed out from not only Pasture area but also highland area because of rapid surface water flow occurrence and 2) development and river straighten in upper watershed would be influenced to the environment of Kushiro Mire. These results will contribute to evaluate water and substances cycle in whole Kushiro mire and to propose efficient countermeasures for preserving the natural environment in Kushiro River. Keywords: Water and substances cycle, SWAT, Nature Restoration, Kushiro mire, Quantification 1. INTRODUCTION For Kushiro Mire, registered in the Ramsar Convention in 1980, the Kushiro Wetland Nature Restoration Committee has been organized to restore and conserve the condition of the mire at the time of Ramsar registration because of its rapid qualitative and quantitative changes in recent years (Kushiro Wetland Nature Restoration Committee, 2005). The most basic and important action for this issue is to understand the mechanism of water and substances cycle in Kushiro Mire.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan: Tokai Heavy Rain (September 2000)
    WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION THE ASSOCIATED PROGRAMME ON FLOOD MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY1 JAPAN: TOKAI HEAVY RAIN (SEPTEMBER 2000) January 2004 Edited by TECHNICAL SUPPORT UNIT Note: Opinions expressed in the case study are those of author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM). Designations employed and presentations of material in the case study do not imply the expression of any opinion whatever on the part of the Technical Support Unit (TSU), APFM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management JAPAN: TOKAI HEAVY RAIN (SEPTEMBER 2000) Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Japan 1. Place 1.1 Location Positions in the flood inundation area caused by the Tokai heavy rain: Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture is located at 35° – 35° 15’ north latitude, 136° 45’ - 137° east longitude. The studied area is Shonai and Shin river basin- hereinafter referred to as the Shonai river system. It locates about the center of Japan including Nagoya city area, 5th largest city in Japan with the population about 3millions. Therefore, two rivers flow through densely populated area and into the Pacific Ocean and are typical city-type rivers in Japan. Shin Riv. Border of basin Shonai Riv. Flooding area Point of breach ●Peak flow rate in major points on Sept. 12 (app. m3/s) ← Nagoya City, ← ← ino ino Aichi Prefecture j Ku ← 1,100 Shin Riv. ← 720 ← → ← ima Detention j Basin Shinkawa Araizeki Shidami Biwa (Fixed dam) Shin Riv.
    [Show full text]