Hydrological Services in Japan and LESSONS for DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
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Chapter 1. Relationships Between Japanese Economy and Land
Part I Developments in Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Administration that Underpin Japan’s Economic Growth ~ Strategic infrastructure management that brings about productivity revolution ~ Section 1 Japanese Economy and Its Surrounding Conditions I Relationships between Japanese Economy and Land, Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Administration Relationships between Japanese Economy and Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Administration and Tourism Transport Relationships between Japanese Economy and Land, Infrastructure, Chapter 1, Relationships between Japanese Economy and Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Administration, on the assumption of discussions described in chapter 2 and following sections, looks at the significance of the effects infrastructure development has on economic growth with awareness of severe circumstances surrounding the Japanese economy from the perspective of history and statistical data. Section 1, Japanese Economy and Its Surrounding Conditions, provides an overview of an increasingly declining population, especially that of a productive-age population, to become a super aging society with an estimated aging rate of close to 40% in 2050, and a severe fiscal position due to rapidly growing, long-term outstanding debts and other circumstances. Section 2, Economic Trends and Infrastructure Development, looks at how infrastructure has supported peoples’ lives and the economy of the time by exploring economic growth and the history of infrastructure development (Edo period and post-war economic growth period). In international comparisons of the level of public investment, we describe the need to consider Japan’s poor land and severe natural environment, provide an overview of the stock effect of the infrastructure, and examine its impact on the infrastructure, productivity, and economic growth. -
(News Release) the Results of Radioactive Material Monitoring of the Surface Water Bodies Within Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures (September-November Samples)
(News Release) The Results of Radioactive Material Monitoring of the Surface Water Bodies within Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures (September-November Samples) Thursday, January 10, 2013 Water Environment Division, Environment Management Bureau, Ministry of the Environment Direct line: 03-5521-8316 Switchboard: 03-3581-3351 Director: Tadashi Kitamura (ext. 6610) Deputy Director: Tetsuo Furuta (ext. 6614) Coordinator: Katsuhiko Sato (ext. 6628) In accordance with the Comprehensive Radiation Monitoring Plan determined by the Monitoring Coordination Meeting, the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) is continuing to monitor radioactive materials in water environments (surface water bodies (rivers, lakes and headwaters, and coasts), etc.). Samples taken from the surface water bodies of Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures during the period of September 18-November 16, 2012 have been measured as part of MOE’s efforts to monitor radioactive materials; the results have recently been compiled and are released here. The monitoring results of radioactive materials in surface water bodies carried out to date can be found at the following web page: http://www.env.go.jp/jishin/rmp.html#monitoring 1. Survey Overview (1) Survey Locations 59 environmental reference points, etc. in the surface water bodies within Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures (Rivers: 51 locations, Coasts: 8 locations) Note: Starting with this survey, there is one new location (coast). (2) Survey Method ・ Measurement of concentrations of radioactive materials (radioactive cesium (Cs-134 and Cs-137), etc.) in water and sediment ・ Measurement of concentrations of radioactive materials and spatial dose-rate in soil in the surrounding environment of water and sediment sample collection points (river terraces, etc.) 2. -
Message Board for Disaster (Web 171, Etc.) Disaster Messaging
Information transmission path and collection of information The relationship among the type of evacuation information, your evacuation behavior, the type of flood forecasting of the Arakawa River, and the water level Area where the water will stay for a long time Type and mechanism of flood Urgency Types of evacuation Types of Indication of water levels In the inundation forecast Toda City There are two major types of flood: “river water flood” and Flood forecasting, etc. Evacuation behaviors of the Arakawa River Inland water flood information, etc. Arakawa River Iwabuchi Floodgate (upper) (maximum scale) predicted by “inland water flood.” to be taken by citizens River water ・ Rainwater accumulates issued by the city flood forecasting Gauging Station the MLIT based on the Kawaguchi City River water floodflood at the spot. MLIT/Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)/ High When the risk of human damage ●If you have not evacuated yet, simulation, it is assumed that N This hazard map is Information Kita City, Tokyo Evacuation order becomes extremely high due to evacuate immediately. for ・ There is a rainfall that Tokyo Metropolitan Government Weather, Precipitation, Water level, Arakawa River Flood risk many inundated areas in Kita Burst Video images of rivers, Flood forecasting, Evacuation information, etc. (emergency) a worsened situation such as the ●When conditions outside are dangerous, immediately exceeds sewerage Flood forecasting, etc. Warnings for flood protection, evacuate to a higher place in the building. flood risk water level City will be flooded for not less Sediment disaster alert occurrence of disaster River water flood drainage capacity. information A.P.+7.70m than two weeks. -
Flood Loss Model Model
GIROJ FloodGIROJ Loss Flood Loss Model Model General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan 2 Overview of Our Flood Loss Model GIROJ flood loss model includes three sub-models. Floods Modelling Estimate the loss using a flood simulation for calculating Riverine flooding*1 flooded areas and flood levels Less frequent (River Flood Engineering Model) and large- scale disasters Estimate the loss using a storm surge flood simulation for Storm surge*2 calculating flooded areas and flood levels (Storm Surge Flood Engineering Model) Estimate the loss using a statistical method for estimating the Ordinarily Other precipitation probability distribution of the number of affected buildings and occurring disasters related events loss ratio (Statistical Flood Model) *1 Floods that occur when water overflows a river bank or a river bank is breached. *2 Floods that occur when water overflows a bank or a bank is breached due to an approaching typhoon or large low-pressure system and a resulting rise in sea level in coastal region. 3 Overview of River Flood Engineering Model 1. Estimate Flooded Areas and Flood Levels Set rainfall data Flood simulation Calculate flooded areas and flood levels 2. Estimate Losses Calculate the loss ratio for each district per town Estimate losses 4 River Flood Engineering Model: Estimate targets Estimate targets are 109 Class A rivers. 【Hokkaido region】 Teshio River, Shokotsu River, Yubetsu River, Tokoro River, 【Hokuriku region】 Abashiri River, Rumoi River, Arakawa River, Agano River, Ishikari River, Shiribetsu River, Shinano -
(News Release) the Results of Radioactive Material Monitoring of the Surface Water Bodies Within Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures (May-June Samples)
(News Release) The Results of Radioactive Material Monitoring of the Surface Water Bodies within Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures (May-June Samples) Tuesday, July 31, 2012 Water Environment Division, Environment Management Bureau, Ministry of the Environment Direct line: 03-5521-8316 Switchboard: 03-3581-3351 Director: Nobuo Yoshida (ext. 6610) Deputy Director: Tetsuo Furuta (ext. 6614) Coordinator: Katsuhiko Sato (ext. 6628) In accordance with the Comprehensive Radiation Monitoring Plan determined by the Monitoring Coordination Meeting, the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) is continuing to monitor radioactive materials in water environments (surface water bodies (rivers, lakes and headwaters, and coasts), etc.). Samples taken from the surface water bodies of Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures during the period of May 22-June 29, 2012 have been measured as part of MOE’s efforts to monitor radioactive materials; the results have recently been compiled and are released here. The monitoring results of radioactive materials in surface water bodies carried out to date can be found at the following web page: http://www.env.go.jp/jishin/rmp.html#monitoring 1. Survey Overview (1) Survey Locations 66 environmental reference points, etc. in the surface water bodies within Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures (Rivers: 51 locations, Lakes: 8 locations, Sea areas: 7 locations) (2) Survey Method ・ Measurement of concentrations of radioactive materials (radioactive cesium (Cs-134 and Cs-137) etc.) in water and sediment ・ Measurement of concentrations -
Major Damage & Recovery in MLIT Tohoku Regional Bureau
青森県 Major Damage & Recovery in MLIT Tohoku Regional Bureau (as of 14:00 23 March 2011) Rivers under MLIT’s jurisdiction Coast ・ Severe damages requiring emergent ・Coastal levees of 190 km recovery before next flood Mabuchi R. 12 points Inundated area on 12-13 March fully/partially destroyed ・ 22 points, including 11 under survey and (among 300km) Iwate Pref. 11 under recovering works (The numbers Sendai Bay South Area (MLIT) may increase around river mouth areas) 3km2 coastal area in Iwate Abukuma R. 6 under survey Kitamkami R. 10 on recovering Naruse R. 6 Kitakami R. river水系名 system 被災箇所数damage 419 points ・Totally 718 Mabechi馬淵川 R. 12 damages 阿武隈川 123 Abukuma R. Recovered quickly to rescue an isolated in Tohoku Natori名取川 R. 27 赤川 settlement Kitakami R. Right Bank 4km from the sea 北上川 最上川419 Miyagi region Kitakami R. (Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Pref.) Naruse鳴瀬川 R. 137 Pref. total計 718 Naruse R. 137 points Sabo ・13 sediment disaster points, recovered temporarily on outstanding deformations Natori R. 2 Prefecture県名 被災件数points 27 points 113km coastal area in Miyagi Completed on 青森県Aomori 1 14 March 宮城県Miyagi 1 Fukushima福島県 11 total計 13 37km2 coastal area in Fukushima Hanokidaira (Shirakawa City, Fukushima Pref.) Abukuma R. Naruse R. Left Bank 30km from the sea Landslide 123 points (Osaki City, Miyagi Pref.) Severe damage to be recovered quiklickly (River ) Fukushima Severe damage to be recovered quickly (Sabo) Pref. to reduce flood risk on lives/assets Dike deformation Sediment disaster 12 dead and 1 missed on 11 march Inundation area (on 12‐13 March) 1 Major Damage & Recovery in MLIT Kanto Regional Bureau (as of 14:00 23 March 2011) Kawanishi (Nasukarasuma City, Tochigi) Rivers under MLIT’s jurisdiction Sabo 地すべり ・Severe damages requiring emergent ・25 sediment disaster points, recovered temporarily on recovery before next flood Naka R. -
Iflbi Restoration of Once-Lost Urban River
1p Restoration o f once‐lost ur ban ri ver ‐ Focused on the case in Edogawa city, Tokyo Japan Japan Riverfront Research Center Director NOBUYUKI TSUCHIYA JRRN Chairperson 1 2p Location of Edogawa City ● Tokyo Metropolis 2 Edogawa City viewed from the air 3p Edogawa River Shin‐Nakagawa River Kyu‐Nakagawa River Nakagawa River Shinkawa River Chiba Pref. Araaakawa River Kyu‐Edogawa River Kasai Rinkai Park Artificial shore 3 Tokyo Bay 4p Historical details From “Flood Control” to “Water Utilization” and "Hyypdrophilicity " 洪水→利水→親水 5p 洪水 TkTokyo Floo d Disaster in 1910 5 6p 台風、Typhoon Kathleen in 1947 6 7p 台風、Typhoon Kathleen in 1947 7 8p 台風、Typhoon Kitty in 1949 8 9p 台風、 Typhoon Kanogawa in 1958 9 10p 10 11p Agricultural waterway in 1945 11 12p Rivers and Waterways in Edogawa City 1900´s Water and Greenery 13p NtNetwork SlScale Parks and Playgrounds, etc. 436 Parks (Area: 3,437,049 sq. m) Shinsui Parks 5 Routes (Total length: 9,610 m) Shinsui Green PPhaths 18 Routes Shinsui Park (Total llhength: 17,680 m) Shinsui Green Path 13 Furukawa Shinsui river Park 14p ‐ the first Shinsui river Park in Japan ‐ 古川親水河川公園 14 Komatsugawa Sakaigawa Shinsui river Park 15p 古川親水河川公園 15 Ichinoe Sakaigawa Shinsui river Park 16p 16 Shinodabori Shinsui Green Path 17p 17 Cleanup Activities by “Group of Lovers” 18p 18 19p Shinsui River Improvement 親水河川 20p 20 21p 1960's 21 22p 23p Furukawa before Construction 24p 24 25p 25 26p 26 27p Furukawa Shinsui Park after Construction 27 28p 28 Komatsugawa Sakaigawa Shinsui Park 29p before Construction 29 30p 30 Komatsugawa -
Selected Papers
Selected Papers No.2 Institute for Ocean Policy,SOF D irector's Message As mankind moves into the 21st century, integrated policies of ocean governance are necessary for the sustainable development and use of our oceans and their resources and the protection of the marine environment. Towards this end, the Ship & Ocean Foundation has launched an "Institute for Ocean Policy", with the mission statement "Living in Harmony with the Oceans". The Institute for Ocean Policy aims to conduct cross-sectoral research in ocean related issues in order to initiate debate on marine topics and formulate both domestic and international policy proposals. We publish a Japanese-language newsletter called the "Ship & Ocean Newsletter" twice a month. The "Ship & Ocean Newsletter" seeks to provide people of diverse viewpoints and backgrounds with a forum for discussion and to contribute to the for- mulation of maritime policies to achieve coexistence between mankind and the ocean. Our Institute believes that the Newsletter can expand effective communication on these issues through its function as editor, publishing timely research and welcoming responses from readers, which might then be published in turn. "Ship & Ocean Newsletter Selected Papers No.2" is an English-language version of papers from the Japanese Newsletter edition, published from No.17(2001.4.20) to No.28(2001.10.5). It is our sincere hope that these Selected Papers will provide useful insights on policy debate in Japan and help to foster global policy dialogue on various issues. Hiroshi TERASHIMA -
PCDD/Fs and Dioxin-Like Pcbs in the Tone River, Japan
LEVELS IN SOIL AND WATER PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in the Tone River, Japan Eiki Watanabe1, Watanabe Eiki1, Eun Heesoo1, Baba Koji1, Sekino Tadashi2, Arao Tomohito1, Endo Shozo1 1National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba 2Environmental Research Center, Tsukuba Introduction Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have generated wide interest in both scientific and public setting as a result of the pronounced toxicity and persistence of members within these compound classes. PCDD/Fs, especially the isomers with chlorines substituted in 2, 3, 7, and 8 positions are thought to pose a risk to human health due to their high toxicity, carcinogenic potency and potential influences on animal reproductive and immunological systems 1. Environmental pollution by PCDD/Fs has arisen exclusively from human activities, and for example, they are inadvertently produced from various combustion sources and manufacturing processes, such as municipal solid waste incineration 2, steel production processes 3, and chemical production processes 4. In Japan, it is well known that the environmental pollution has close relation to agricultural operation, that is, some PCDD/Fs are contained as impurities in a kind of pesticide 5. Chloronitrophen (CNP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP), which could be contained them as impurities, are typical organochlorine pesticides, and were widely used in Japanese paddy field as herbicides in the past. So, since the use of them could cause the environmental pollution, it is extremely important to understand estimation of their sources, their levels and their behavior in environments. On the other hand, PCBs are also persistent compounds with high thermal stability, chemical stabilities and excellent dielectric properties. -
Damage Patterns of River Embankments Due to the 2011 Off
Soils and Foundations 2012;52(5):890–909 The Japanese Geotechnical Society Soils and Foundations www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sandf Damage patterns of river embankments due to the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake and a numerical modeling of the deformation of river embankments with a clayey subsoil layer F. Okaa,n, P. Tsaia, S. Kimotoa, R. Katob aDepartment of Civil & Earth Resources Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan bNikken Sekkei Civil Engineering Ltd., Osaka, Japan Received 3 February 2012; received in revised form 25 July 2012; accepted 1 September 2012 Available online 11 December 2012 Abstract Due to the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, which had a magnitude of 9.0, many soil-made infrastructures, such as river dikes, road embankments, railway foundations and coastal dikes, were damaged. The river dikes and their related structures were damaged at 2115 sites throughout the Tohoku and Kanto areas, including Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima, Ibaraki and Saitama Prefectures, as well as the Tokyo Metropolitan District. In the first part of the present paper, the main patterns of the damaged river embankments are presented and reviewed based on the in situ research by the authors, MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) and JICE (Japan Institute of Construction Engineering). The main causes of the damage were (1) liquefaction of the foundation ground, (2) liquefaction of the soil in the river embankments due to the water-saturated region above the ground level, and (3) the long duration of the earthquake, the enormity of fault zone and the magnitude of the quake. -
Program Book
DVORRUJMDSDQ Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography Meeting Program ASLO Contents Welcome! ..........................................................................................2 Conference Events ........................................................................12 Meeting Sponsors ...........................................................................2 Public Symposium on Global Warming...........................................12 Meeting Supporters .......................................................................2 Opening Welcome Reception.............................................................12 Organizing Committee .................................................................2 ASLO Membership Business Meeting .............................................12 Poster Sessions and Receptions .........................................................12 Co-Chairs ..................................................................................................2 Scientifi c Committee ..............................................................................2 Workshops and Town Hall Meetings ......................................12 Local Organizing Committee ...............................................................2 L&O e-Lectures Town Hall Meeting ................................................12 Advisory Committee ..............................................................................2 Workshop: Th e Future of Ecosystems Science ...............................12 ASLO Student -
A Synopsis of the Parasites from Cyprinid Fishes of the Genus Tribolodon in Japan (1908-2013)
生物圏科学 Biosphere Sci. 52:87-115 (2013) A synopsis of the parasites from cyprinid fishes of the genus Tribolodon in Japan (1908-2013) Kazuya Nagasawa and Hirotaka Katahira Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University Published by The Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan December 2013 生物圏科学 Biosphere Sci. 52:87-115 (2013) REVIEW A synopsis of the parasites from cyprinid fishes of the genus Tribolodon in Japan (1908-2013) Kazuya Nagasawa1)* and Hirotaka Katahira1,2) 1) Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan 2) Present address: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan Abstract Four species of the cyprinid genus Tribolodon occur in Japan: big-scaled redfin T. hakonensis, Sakhalin redfin T. sachalinensis, Pacific redfin T. brandtii, and long-jawed redfin T. nakamuraii. Of these species, T. hakonensis is widely distributed in Japan and is important in commercial and recreational fisheries. Two species, T. hakonensis and T. brandtii, exhibit anadromy. In this paper, information on the protistan and metazoan parasites of the four species of Tribolodon in Japan is compiled based on the literature published for 106 years between 1908 and 2013, and the parasites, including 44 named species and those not identified to species level, are listed by higher taxon as follows: Ciliophora (2 named species), Myxozoa (1), Trematoda (18), Monogenea (0), Cestoda (3), Nematoda (9), Acanthocephala (2), Hirudinida (1), Mollusca (1), Branchiura (0), Copepoda (6 ), and Isopoda (1). For each taxon of parasite, the following information is given: its currently recognized scientific name, previous identification used for the parasite occurring in or on Tribolodon spp.; habitat (freshwater, brackish, or marine); site(s) of infection within or on the host; known geographical distribution in Japan; and the published source of each locality record.