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ON the ROCKS Newsletter of the Yorkshire Branch of the Open University Geological Society March 2018
ON THE ROCKS Newsletter of the Yorkshire Branch of the Open University Geological Society March 2018 A view of Great Gable (899m – the 9th highest mountain in England), Cumbria, looking northeast from the end of Wast Water, where the River Irt starts its short journey to the Irish Sea. Wast Water is the deepest lake in England (76m). The mountains are all from the Borrowdale Volcanic Group. (Peter Roberts 27.3.17 Grid Ref: NY 14535 03878) Welcome to the Spring edition of your newsletter Contents I hope you enjoy reading it and feel inspired to contribute to future issues. I must 1. Editor’s piece start with an apology. Unfortunately, the minutes of the AGM are not yet available 2. Rick’s musings but will be appearing in the next issue along with a copy of the accounts. 3. - 6. Blencathra report 7. Guide to minerals Our main article this time is the first of a number of reports by Peter Vallely on last 7. Obituary autumn’s Blencathra trip, and, if the photos are anything to go by, the hardy 8. Climate change article participants enjoyed a lovely sunny, if rather chilly, day out. 9. YOUGS 2018 field trips Peter Roberts has kindly provided the above photo, and we have another “simple 10. Snippets guide to minerals”, David Cousins’ personal view on surviving climate change, an 11. 2018 Blencathra obituary to Bill Graham who was a long-time Branch member, and a full listing of this year’s field trips, including separate details of this year’s Blencathra trip. -
New Additions to CASCAT from Carlisle Archives
Cumbria Archive Service CATALOGUE: new additions August 2021 Carlisle Archive Centre The list below comprises additions to CASCAT from Carlisle Archives from 1 January - 31 July 2021. Ref_No Title Description Date BRA British Records Association Nicholas Whitfield of Alston Moor, yeoman to Ranald Whitfield the son and heir of John Conveyance of messuage and Whitfield of Standerholm, Alston BRA/1/2/1 tenement at Clargill, Alston 7 Feb 1579 Moor, gent. Consideration £21 for Moor a messuage and tenement at Clargill currently in the holding of Thomas Archer Thomas Archer of Alston Moor, yeoman to Nicholas Whitfield of Clargill, Alston Moor, consideration £36 13s 4d for a 20 June BRA/1/2/2 Conveyance of a lease messuage and tenement at 1580 Clargill, rent 10s, which Thomas Archer lately had of the grant of Cuthbert Baynbrigg by a deed dated 22 May 1556 Ranold Whitfield son and heir of John Whitfield of Ranaldholme, Cumberland to William Moore of Heshewell, Northumberland, yeoman. Recites obligation Conveyance of messuage and between John Whitfield and one 16 June BRA/1/2/3 tenement at Clargill, customary William Whitfield of the City of 1587 rent 10s Durham, draper unto the said William Moore dated 13 Feb 1579 for his messuage and tenement, yearly rent 10s at Clargill late in the occupation of Nicholas Whitfield Thomas Moore of Clargill, Alston Moor, yeoman to Thomas Stevenson and John Stevenson of Corby Gates, yeoman. Recites Feb 1578 Nicholas Whitfield of Alston Conveyance of messuage and BRA/1/2/4 Moor, yeoman bargained and sold 1 Jun 1616 tenement at Clargill to Raynold Whitfield son of John Whitfield of Randelholme, gent. -
RR 01 07 Lake District Report.Qxp
A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake District and adjacent areas Integrated Geoscience Surveys (North) Programme Research Report RR/01/07 NAVIGATION HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT Bookmarks The main elements of the table of contents are bookmarked enabling direct links to be followed to the principal section headings and sub-headings, figures, plates and tables irrespective of which part of the document the user is viewing. In addition, the report contains links: from the principal section and subsection headings back to the contents page, from each reference to a figure, plate or table directly to the corresponding figure, plate or table, from each figure, plate or table caption to the first place that figure, plate or table is mentioned in the text and from each page number back to the contents page. RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH REPORT RR/01/07 A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the District and adjacent areas Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Licence No: 100017897/2004. D Millward Keywords Lake District, Lower Palaeozoic, Ordovician, Devonian, volcanic geology, intrusive rocks Front cover View over the Scafell Caldera. BGS Photo D4011. Bibliographical reference MILLWARD, D. 2004. A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake District and adjacent areas. British Geological Survey Research Report RR/01/07 54pp. -
Beehive Inn, Carlisle Autumn Pub of the Season
Solway Branch of CAMRA Issue 21 The Campaign for Real Ale Autumn 2017 Beehive Inn, Carlisle Autumn Pub of the Season Autumn Pub of the Season What’s Brewing - Brewery News 2017 Cumbria Pub of the Year 2017 Carlisle Beer Festival The Cider Maker’s Calendar One man and his travels - an ale trail round Carlisle Bar Fly - Pub News CAMRA Members’ Real Ale Discounts The Blacksmiths Arms offers all the hospitality and comforts of a traditional Country Inn. Enjoy tasty meals served in our bar lounges or linger over dinner in our well appointed restaurant. Two regular real ales (Yates Bitter & Black Sheep) and two guest ales. Open daily 12-11. The Jackson family extend their warm hospitality to all who frequent the Blacksmith’s Arms. Talkin, Brampton, Cumbria, CA8 1LE 016977 3452 / 4211 [email protected] www.blacksmithstalkin.co.uk Hesket Newmarket Brewery Ltd Old Crown Barn, Hesket Newmarket, Cumbria CA7 8JG Tel: 016974 78066 [email protected] Black Sail, Beer of the Year 2012, Popular community Joiners Arms pub. Best of the Best, Church Street Real ales: awarded by Solway CAMRA Theakston Best Carlisle CA2 5TF Bitter and two guest 01228 534275 ales. Open: Traditional Sunday 11-midnight Mon-Thu Lunch served from 11-1am Fri, 11-2am Sat 12noon till 5pm. 12-midnight Sun Darts leagues Food Served: 11-6pm Mon, 11-7 Tue, Sun-Tue, Pool 11-9pm Wed-Fri, league Wed, Quiz & all day Sat, 12-5pm Sun Bingo Thu. thejoinersarmscarlisle www.joiners-arms.co.uk 2 Autumn Pub of the Season Beehive Inn, Carlisle When Mick and Christine took over, the Congratulations to Mick and Christine Beehive sold one cask ale; Theakston Best Wheatley and their hard working team at Bitter. -
This Parish Occupies an Extensive Tract in the North-Eastern Corner Of
DUFTON PARISH. 183 ) • Area, according to Ordnance Survey, 16,848 acres; area under assessment, 4,266 acres. Rateable value, £4,542; population, 414. • This parish occupies an extensive tract in the north-eastern corner of the county, stretching from the confines of Durham west ward a distance of about eight miles, and from north to south about five miles. It is bounded on the north by Milbourn Forest; on the west by Long Marton ; on the south by Bongate parish ; and on the east by the river Tees, which here expands into a fine broad sheet of water called The Wheel. From this lake the water is precipitated down a steep incline ; and from its resemblance to the discharge of a liquid from some huge vessel, the fall has been named Caldron Snout. Numerous offshoots from the Pennine Range and other detached mountain masses cover the parish, giving it a decidedly Alpine -character. Among these hills are reared great numbers of a superior breed of black-faced mountain sheep. Though wanting in those picturesque and romantic effects which form such attractive features in much of the mountain scenery of the lake land, there are several pleasing patches of landscape and other intere10ting spots in this dis trict well worthy of notice. Of late years the locality has been much frequented by tourists on their way to the lakes from the counties of Durham and Yorkshire. The route generally taken is by way of High Force to Caldron Snout, then up Maize at the base of Mickle Fell, and across Hycup (High Cup) plain (where perchance the traveller may experience the effects of the remarkable Helm wind) to Hycup Gill, one of the grandest sights in the Pennines. -
Kendal Fellwalkers Programme Summer 2015 Information From: Secretary 01539 720021 Or Programme Secretary 01524 762255
Kendal Fellwalkers Programme Summer 2015 Information from: Secretary 01539 720021 or Programme Secretary 01524 762255 www.kendalfellwalkers.co.uk Date Grade Area of Walk Leader Time at Starting Point Grid Time Kendal Ref. walk starts 05/04/2015 A Mardale round (Naddle, Margaret 08:30 Burnbanks NY508161 09:10 Kidsty Pike, Wether Hill) Lightburn (16mi 4300ft) B Murton Pike, High Cup Nick, Ken Taylor 08:30 Murton CP NY730220 09:40 Maize Beck, Scordale (13mi 3000ft) C Kirkby Malham, Gordale Chris Lloyd 08:30 Verges at Green Gate 09:30 Scar, Malham Tarn (10mi (near Kirkby Malham) 1600ft) SD897611 12/04/2015 A The Four Passes (14mi Chris Michalak 08:30 Seathwaite Farm 09:45 6000ft) NY235122 B Grange Fell, High Spy, Janet & Derek 08:30 Layby on B5289 N of 09:35 Maiden Moor, lakeshore Capper bridge, Grange-in- (11.5mi 3700ft) Borrowdale NY256176 C White Gill, Yewdale Fells, Dudley 08:30 Roadside beyond 09:15 Wetherlam, Black Sails (8mi Hargreaves Ruskin Museum 2800ft) SD301978 19/04/2015 A Staveley to Pooley Bridge Conan Harrod 08:30 Staveley (Wilf's CP) 08:45 (Sour Howes, Ill Bell, High SD471983 Street) (21.5mi 5100ft) (Linear walk. Please contact leader in advance.) B Three Tarns (Easdale, Stickle, Steve Donson 08:30 Layby on A591 north of 09:10 Lingmoor) and Silver How Swan Inn, Grasmere (13mi 4600ft) NY337086 C Bowscale Fell, Bannerdale Alison Gilchrist 08:30 Mungrisdale village hall 09:20 Crags, Souther Fell (7mi NY363302 2000ft) 26/04/2015 A Lingmell via Piers Gill, Jill Robertson 08:30 Seathwaite Farm 09:45 Scafell Pike, Glaramara (12mi -
Moor House - Upper Teesdale B6278 Widdybank Farm, Langdon Beck, River Tees NNR Forest-In-Teesdale, B6277 Barnard Castle, Moor House – Cow Green Middleton- Co
To Alston For further information A686 about the Reserve contact: A689 The Senior Reserve Manager Moor House - Upper Teesdale B6278 Widdybank Farm, Langdon Beck, River Tees NNR Forest-in-Teesdale, B6277 Barnard Castle, Moor House – Cow Green Middleton- Co. Durham DL12 0HQ. Reservoir in-Teesdale To Penrith Tel 01833 622374 Upper Teesdale Appleby-in- National Nature Reserve Westmorland B6276 0 5km B6260 Brough To Barnard Castle B6259 A66 A685 c Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Kirkby Stephen Natural England 100046223 2009 How to get there Front cover photograph: Cauldron Snout The Reserve is situated in the heart of © Natural England / Anne Harbron the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is in two parts on either Natural England is here to conserve and side of Cow Green Reservoir. enhance the natural environment, for its intrinsic value, the wellbeing and A limited bus service stops at Bowlees, enjoyment of people and the economic High Force and Cow Green on request. prosperity that it brings. There is no bus service to the Cumbria © Natural England 2009 side of the Reserve. ISBN 978-1-84754-115-1 Catalogue Code: NE146 For information on public transport www.naturalengland.org.uk phone the local Tourist Information Natural England publications are available Centres as accessible pdfs from: www.naturalengland.org.uk/publications Middleton-in-Teesdale: 01833 641001 Should an alternative format of this publication be required, please contact Alston: 01434 382244 our enquiries line for more information: 0845 600 3078 or email Appleby: 017683 51177 [email protected] Alston Road Garage [01833 640213] or Printed on Defra Silk comprising 75% Travel line [0870 6082608] can also help. -
Kendal Archive Centre
Cumbria Archive Service CATALOGUE: new additions August 2021 Kendal Archive Centre The list below comprises additions to CASCAT from Kendal Archives from 1 January - 31 July 2021. Ref_No Title Description Date 1986- LDSPB/1/13 Minute book 1989 1989- LDSPB/1/14 Minute book 1993 1993- LDSPB/1/15 Minute book 1997 1996- LDSPB/1/16 Minute book 2001 Oct 2001- LDSPB/1/17 Minutes Dec 2001 Jan 2002- LDSPB/1/18 Minutes Mar 2002 Apr 2002- LDSPB/1/19 Minutes Jun 2002 Jul 2002- LDSPB/1/20 Minutes Sep 2002 Sep 2002- LDSPB/1/21 Minutes Dec 2002 Dec 2002- LDSPB/1/22 Minutes Mar 2003 Mar LDSPB/1/23 Minutes 2003-Jun 2003 Jun 2003- LDSPB/1/24 Minutes Sep 2003 Sep 2003- LDSPB/1/25 Minutes Dec 2003 Dec 2003- LDSPB/1/26 Minutes Mar 2004 Mar LDSPB/1/27 Minutes 2004-Jun 2004 Jun 2004- LDSPB/1/28 Minutes Sep 2004 Sep 2004- LDSPB/1/29 Minutes Dec 2004 Mar LDSPB/1/30 Minutes 2005-Jun 2005 Jun 2005- LDSPB/1/31 Minutes Sep 2005 Sep 2005- LDSPB/1/32 Minutes Dec 2005 Including newspaper cuttings relating to 1985- LDSPB/12/1/1 Thirlmere reservoir, papers relating to water levels, 1998 and Thirlmere Plan First Review 1989. Leaflets and newspaper cuttings relating to 1989- LDSPB/12/1/2 Mountain safety safety on the fells and winter walking. 1990s Tourism and conservation Papers relating to funding conservation 2002- LDSPB/12/1/3 partnership through tourism. 2003 Includes bibliography of useful books; newspaper articles on Swallows and Amazons, John Ruskin, Wordsworth, 1988- LDSPB/12/1/4 Literary Alfred Wainwright, Beatrix Potter; scripts 2003 of audio/visual presentations regarding literary tours of Lake District. -
Westmoreland in the Late Seventeenth Century by Colin Phillips
WESTMORLAND ABOUT 1670 BY COLIN PHILLIPS Topography and climate This volume prints four documents relating to the hearth tax in Westmorland1. It is important to set these documents in their geographical context. Westmorland, until 1974 was one of England’s ancient counties when it became part of Cumbria. The boundaries are shown on map 1.2 Celia Fiennes’s view in 1698 of ‘…Rich land in the bottoms, as one may call them considering the vast hills above them on all sides…’ was more positive than that of Daniel Defoe who, in 1724, considered Westmorland ‘A country eminent only for being the wildest, most barren and frightful of any that I have passed over in England, or even Wales it self. ’ It was a county of stark topographical contrasts, fringed by long and deep waters of the Lake District, bisected by mountains with high and wild fells. Communications were difficult: Helvellyn, Harter Fell, Shap Fell and the Langdale Fells prevented easy cross-county movement, although there were in the seventeenth century three routes identified with Kirkstone, Shap, and Grayrigg.3 Yet there were more fertile lowland areas and 1 TNA, Exchequer, lay subsidy rolls, E179/195/73, compiled for the Michaelmas 1670 collection, and including Kendal borough. The document was printed as extracts in W. Farrer, Records relating to the barony of Kendale, ed. J. F. Curwen (CWAAS, Record Series, 4 & 5 1923, 1924; reprinted 1998, 1999); and, without the exempt, in The later records relating to north Westmorland, ed. J. F. Curwen (CWAAS, Record Series, 8, 1932); WD/Ry, box 28, Ms R, pp.1-112, for Westmorland, dated 1674/5, and excluding Kendal borough and Kirkland (heavily edited in J. -
Knowing Weather in Place: the Helm Wind of Cross Fell
Veale, L., Endfield, G., and Naylor, S. (2014) Knowing weather in place: the Helm Wind of Cross Fell. Journal of Historical Geography, 45 . pp. 25-37. ISSN 0305-7488 Copyright © 2014 The Authors http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/99540 Deposited on: 19 November 2014 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Journal of Historical Geography 45 (2014) 25e37 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Historical Geography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhg Knowing weather in place: the Helm Wind of Cross Fell Lucy Veale a,*, Georgina Endfield a and Simon Naylor b a University of Nottingham, School of Geography, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK b University of Glasgow, School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, East Quadrangle, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK Abstract The Helm Wind of Cross Fell, North Pennines, is England’s only named wind. As a product of the particular landscape found at Cross Fell, the Helm is a true local wind, and a phenomenon that has come to assume great cultural as well as environmental significance in the region and beyond. In this paper we draw on material from county histories, newspaper archives, and documents relating to investigations of the Helm Wind that were conducted by the Royal Meteorological Society between 1884 and 1889, and by British climatologist Gordon Manley (1908e1980), between 1937 and 1939, to document attempts to observe, measure, understand and explain this local wind over a period of 200 years. We show how different ways of knowing the Helm relate to contemporary practices of meteorology, highlighting the shifts that took place in terms of what constituted credible meteorological observation. -
By Ian Stott
A Year of Chan ge Well it cert ainly has been an exciti ng y ear! Change has b een in the air with Brexit, a ne w Pri me Mini ster and n ew US Pre sid ent. You ma y r em ember th ere was a ref ere ndum in the Summ er – no not th at o ne – about t he tr adi ng n ame of the CTC whic h is n ow Cycli ng UK. Read t he s ecr eta ry’s re port for more d etails but let’s ju st sa y th at as far as t his club is con cer ned we re main Black burn & Distri ct CTC! But ch ange has co me to t his magazine as Helen Daws on -Sm ith has st epp ed d ow n as Edit or aft er ei ght yea rs. T han ks aga in to Hel en for all her hard work over the yea rs – we ha ve ga ined a n ew appr ecia tion for j ust how much effo rt it ta kes ! Ta ndem St yle Ta nde ms s eem to me more and mo re p opul ar at t he moment and ce rta inly are in ou r Club. So it is appr opriate th at your magazine is no w edit ed in ta nde m by Anne Stott and Rich ard John. Anne is in t he dri ver’s s eat ste ering the cou rse and Richard i s pr ovi ding the w att age f rom t he b ack seat . -
Cumbria Classified Roads
Cumbria Classified (A,B & C) Roads - Published January 2021 • The list has been prepared using the available information from records compiled by the County Council and is correct to the best of our knowledge. It does not, however, constitute a definitive statement as to the status of any particular highway. • This is not a comprehensive list of the entire highway network in Cumbria although the majority of streets are included for information purposes. • The extent of the highway maintainable at public expense is not available on the list and can only be determined through the search process. • The List of Streets is a live record and is constantly being amended and updated. We update and republish it every 3 months. • Like many rural authorities, where some highways have no name at all, we usually record our information using a road numbering reference system. Street descriptors will be added to the list during the updating process along with any other missing information. • The list does not contain Recorded Public Rights of Way as shown on Cumbria County Council’s 1976 Definitive Map, nor does it contain streets that are privately maintained. • The list is property of Cumbria County Council and is only available to the public for viewing purposes and must not be copied or distributed. A (Principal) Roads STREET NAME/DESCRIPTION LOCALITY DISTRICT ROAD NUMBER Bowness-on-Windermere to A590T via Winster BOWNESS-ON-WINDERMERE SOUTH LAKELAND A5074 A591 to A593 South of Ambleside AMBLESIDE SOUTH LAKELAND A5075 A593 at Torver to A5092 via