H8: Religion & Lutheranism H8’s Religion Break with Rome 1531-4 Anne & Annulment Evangelical Ascendancy Martin Luther was a German H8’s response to Luther was to This was not a change of Anne was a great influence on Key men in power through the Break with Rome monk who was unhappy with the write (probably with help from doctrine – there was no rejection the spread of Evangelicalism as it 1530’s were Evangelicals. Catholic Church. In 1517 he More). In Defence of the Seven of Catholicism but rather a denial was known she was a Lutheran Thomas Cranmer had risen to nailed his criticisms – there were Sacraments. of papal supremacy and then a supporter. Archbishop of Canterbury and 95 – to the door of the cathedral. Far from being swayed by stripping of Church income and All 10 bishops appointed during Thomas Cromwell had He believed priests unnecessary. Lutheranism he was awarded the assets. her reign were reformists. She masterminded the Supremacy. Ordinary people should read the title of Defender of the Faith by However, prominent reformers introduced Henry to writings of Anne supported reformers Bible & all doctrine should be the Pope in 1521. did influence the policy including Tyndale and Simon Fish. The including: found in scripture. Salvation It is vital that you remember he Anne Boleyn, Thomas Cranmer, fact Henry accepted the English Nicholas Shaxton, Hugh Latimer, was to be found by faith alone. was not a Protestant but a Thomas Cromwell and the bible was largely down to his love Robert Barnes and William He denied papal infallibility & religious conservative – he even Seymours. for her. Jerome. All were given special claimed only 2 sacraments as set founded 2 monasteries to say Her pregnancy forced the Break licenses to preach by Cromwell. out in the Bible. prayers for his soul in the 1540s! with Rome. Key Dates Act of Ten Articles 1536 Dissolutions Bishop’s book 1543 Royal Injunctions 1536/38 Act of Six Articles 1539 1529-36 Reformation Parliament 1536. Only 3 sacraments – Valor Ecclesiasticus of 1535 had A statement of faith. 1536 Injunctions took a moderate Henry felt reform had gone too 1534 Royal Supremacy Baptism, Penance and the seen Cromwell send Admitted the validity of the four stand against images, far. 1535 Valor Ecclesiasticus Eucharist. Transubstantiation commissioners to take a survey sacraments but deemed them pilgrimages and saints’ days. Confirmed transubstantiation, 1536 Cromwell appointed vice was NOT mentioned by name of their wealth and status. lesser sacraments. The injunctions of 1538 required private masses and confession regent in spirituals BUT the real presence of Christ Act for Lesser Monasteries Administration of the sacraments each parish church to acquire an Banned clerical marriage 1536 Dissolution of the Lesser was reaffirmed. Eucharist began the dissolution in 1536 as secondary to preaching which English bible (archbishop Cranmer was monasteries central. Abbots surrendered their houses was the primary function of the In 1538 pilgrimages and married) and taking of 1536 Lincolnshire Uprising & Lutheran concept of justification to Crown Officials. priesthood. Mass only veneration of relics and images communion in both kinds by the Pilgrimage of Grace by faith alone was outlined but Great Monasteries dissolved mentioned twice. were condemned. Shrines and laity. 1536 Act of Ten Articles only moderately. 1538 onwards. By 1540, the last Emphasised justification did not images were being destroyed at Upheld vows of chastity. 1536 Bishop’s Book Change to sacraments’ status monastery was dissolved. dispense with the need for good this time. Called the whip of six strings by 1536 Execution of Boleyn overtly Protestant. It did NOT works. Clergy who had upheld virtues of Protestants. 1538 Royal Injunctions condemn Mass or the Catholic Confirmed Transubstantiation. pilgrimages, relics and images Heresy laws were enforced and 1538 Act for Dissolution of the call for good works to attain A definite shift towards were required to publicly recant. many radical reformers, sensing Greater Monasteries salvation BUT emphasised the Lutheranism in the doctrine of the the dissolution of Cromwell's 1538 Henry VIII excommunicated authority of scripture. Church. However, again there power, fled to the continent. 1539 Act of Six Articles Ambiguous. was ambiguity as many Catholic Also saw the resignation of 1540 Cromwell’s Death doctrines remained. Reformers Latimer and Shaxton; Cranmer's 1543 King’s Book would be somewhat allies amongst the bishops. disappointed. Key People King’s Book Henry VIII’s Death Opposition Humanism Arts & Learning Thomas Cranmer A statement of faith from Henry At time of Henry’s death the Holy Maid of Kent stirred popular H8 encouraged thinkers such as Renaissance ideas began to and the ascendancy of the Reformation was in stalemate. dissatisfaction with her visions More and Erasmus. flourish, partly due to H8 himself. Thomas Cromwell Conservative faction. Doctrine and practices were and prophecies which were John Colet most significant Knowledge of classical learning Anne Boleyn All traces of Lutheranism basically Catholic, but without against the Boleyn marriage. humanist. Appointed members increased amongst the elite removed. Papal authority. Bishops had to Thomas More refused to swear from a city guild as the school's groups in society a growing Thomas More In the same year the Act for the maintain this divide BUT use the the oath of Succession, he and governors rather than clergymen. number of schools became Bishop Fisher Advancement of the True teachings of the Pope. Henry Bishop Fisher were executed in Erasmus was received with influenced by humanist Religion limited Bible reading to widely accepted as Head of the 1535. enthusiasm in English intellectual approaches to education. Simon Fish clerics, noblemen, merchants, Church, but acceptance of Most bishops accepted the circles. However, the scope of There was a continuous taste for John Colet and gentlewomen. Protestant belief was much changes, however, and the Break humanism was quite limited and gothic architecture. Henry’s last wife, Katherine Parr, slower. with Rome saw surprisingly little much of the change that took Music had a distinctive influence Desiderus Erasmus was interested in reform but opposition. place stemmed from the from Flemish, particularly in encouraged the education of The Pilgrimage of Grace was a influence of new religious cathedrals. Prince Edward and Princess widespread rebellion mostly thinking rather than simply H8 encouraged the arts Elizabeth by Protestant scholars motivated by religious changes scholarly Renaissance particularly the effigies on his such as Richard Coxe and John but there were other causes. humanism. parents tomb, showed the Cheke. The Pope excommunicated H8 in influence artistic trends which 1538 – Catholics no longer had had arrived in England from Italy. to obey H8.