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Mealybugs of the Genera Planococcus and Crisicoccus (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) of Russia and Adjacent Countries

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Mealybugs of the Genera Planococcus and Crisicoccus (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) of Russia and Adjacent Countries ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 19(1): 39–49 15 JULY 2010 Mealybugs of the genera Planococcus and Crisicoccus (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) of Russia and adjacent countries Мучнистые червецы родов Planococcus и Crisicoccus (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) фауны России и сопредельных стран Е.М. DANZIG & I.A. GAVRILOV Е.М. ДАНЦИГ, И.А. ГАВРИЛОВ Е.М. Danzig, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] I.A. Gavrilov, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] A key for four species of the genus Planococcus Ferris, 1950 is given; three species inhabit the territory of Russia and adjacent countries and the fourth one, P. citri (Risso, 1813), was errone- ously recorded from the territory of the former USSR, because of the confusion of this species with P. ficus (Signoret, 1875) during identification. All discussed species are morphologically described and illustrated. Planococcus taigae Danzig, 1980 and P. juniperus Tang, 1988 are placed in synonymy under Planococcus vovae Nasonov, 1908. The genus Crisicoccus Ferris, 1950, which is morphologically similar to Planococcus, is also discussed and reported for the territory of Russia for the first time with the species C. pini (Kuwana, 1902). В статье приводится определительная таблица для 4 видов рода Planococcus Ferris, 1950; 3 из них обитают на рассматриваемой территории, четвертый, P. citri (Risso, 1813), ранее указывался ошибочно в связи со сложностью его дифференциации от P. ficus (Signo- ret, 1875). Для всех обсуждаемых видов даны рисунки и описания. Planococcus taigae Danzig, 1980 и P. juniperus Tang, 1988 помещаются в синонимы Planococcus vovae Na- sonov, 1908. Рассмотрен также ближайший к Planococcus род Crisicoccus Ferris, 1950, представленный в России единственным видом C. pini, который впервые указывается для рассматриваемой фауны. Key words: scale insects, Pseudococcidae, Planococcus, morphology, taxonomy, new synonyms Ключевые слова: кокциды, Pseudococcidae, Planococcus, морфология, таксономия, новые синонимы TAXONOMIC PART Allococcus Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 13 (type species Pseudococcus inamabilis Hambleton, Order STERNORRHYNCHA 1935, by original designation). Family PSEUDOCOCCIDAE Allococcus: Cox & Ben-Dov, 1986 (= Planococcus). Planococcus Ferris, 1950 Type species: Pseudococcus citri Risso, 1813, by original designation. Planococcus Ferris, 1950: 164. Diagnosis of the genus. Adult female. Planococcus: Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 60; Body oval. Anal lobes with characteristic McKenzie, 1967: 280; Danzig, 1980: 168; anal lobe bars. Antennae 8-segmented. Legs Cox, 1989: 1–78. well developed; coxae, tibiae and sometimes © 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes1 40 Е.М. DANZIG & I.A. GAVRILOV. PLANOCOCCUS AND CRISICOCCUS OF RUSSIA AND ADJACENT COUNTRIES femora of hind legs with translucent pores. on hind femora. Multilocular pores present Circulus usually present. Spiracles well de- on last 5 abdominal segments; sometimes veloped. Multilocular pores numerous on single pores present also on thorax. Single ventral parts of abdominal segments; some- dorsal tubular ducts present near each times single pores present on ventral parts cerarii; ventral tubular ducts form trans- of thorax and head and also on dorsum. Tu- verse rows in the middle part of abdomen bular ducts present on both body sides; usu- and groups along abdominal margin; sin- ally dorsal ducts larger and sometimes with gle ducts present in middle part of thorax; collars. Cerarii usually totaling 18 pairs; sometimes 1–5 ducts present on head and sometimes thoracic cerarii absent, but С3 near first thoracic cerarii. Eighteen pairs of always well developed. All cerarii with two cerarii present; setae of head cerarii with conical setae (sometimes cerarii on head flagellate apex. with 3 conical setae); additional flagellate Remarks. The two sympatric species, P. setae present in С18 only. С18 are situated on ficus and P. citri are very similar to each oth- sclerotized plates. er morphologically and ecologically. Some The genus comprises about 40 species, authors (Borchsenius, 1949; Ferris, 1950; mainly tropical and subtropical in distribu- McKenzie, 1967; Ter-Grigorian, 1973; De tion. Only P. vovae (Nasonov, 1908) and P. Lotto, 1975; Terznikova, 1975; Khadzibeili, matesovae Danzig, 1986 inhabit the boreal 1983) regarded these as a single species. In zone. Many species of the genus are impor- recent coccidological papers P. ficus and tant pests of agricultural and ornamental P. citri are considered as separated species. plants; in the fauna of Russia and neighbor- During the study of material from the terri- ing countries P. ficus (Signoret, 1875) is tory of former USSR we verified that only P. the only economically important species of ficus inhabit the discussed territory. The re- the genus. cord of Danzig (1977) of P. citri in Abkhazia Most species of the genus Planococ- (Sukhum) on Vitis sp., Ficus carica and Pu- cus are very similar morphologically and, nica granatum was based on the presence of at the same time, demonstrate significant two groups of tubular ducts (with 2–8 ducts variability. in each group) on head of some studied in- dividuals. However, the other individuals Planococcus ficus (Signoret, 1875) from the same populations did not have such (Fig. 1) groups. So, this character varies between Dactylopius ficus Signoret, 1875: 315 (France). specimens. Cerarian setae of all analyzed fe- Planococcus ficus: Ezzat, McConnell, 1956: 79; Dan- males from Abkhazia are thin and with flag- zig, 1977: 99; Cox, Ben-Dov, 1986: 483; Cox, ellate setae. Also, three females with similar 1989: 25; Williams, Moghaddam, 2000: 34. morphological characters were found by us Coccus vitis (non Linnaeus) Nedzelskii, 1869: 19 in material collected by E.F. Kozarzevskaya (misidentification). in greenhouses of the Main Botanical Gar- Pseudococcus citri auct. (non Risso, 1813): den on Euphorbia and Coleus. Borchsenius, 1949: 131; Ter-Grigorian, 1973: Differential characters between P. ficus 82; De Lotto, 1975: 125; Tereznikova, 1975: and P. citri are noted in the Key (see below). 226; Khadzibeili, 1983: 67. Both of these species probably originated Material. Thirty slides from greenhouses of from Mediterranean region and spread to the Main Botanical Garden, Moscow. More than 100 slides from Spain, France, Ukraine (Crimea), other regions through the time with the cul- Abkhazia, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, tivation of grapes and Citrus. Now both spe- Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Egypt, Israel, Iraq, cies are distributed everywhere in tropical Afghanistan, India, Vietnam, USA. and subtropical regions and in greenhouses. Description. Adult female. Translucent It seems that both species have the same hy- pores present on hind coxae and sometimes menopteran parasitoids, but, for example, in © 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(1): 39–49 Е.М. DANZIG & I.A. GAVRILOV. PLANOCOCCUS AND CRISICOCCUS OF RUSSIA AND ADJACENT COUNTRIES 41 Fig. 1. Planococcus ficus, Uzbekistan, from Morus. © 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(1): 39–49 42 Е.М. DANZIG & I.A. GAVRILOV. PLANOCOCCUS AND CRISICOCCUS OF RUSSIA AND ADJACENT COUNTRIES Israel some P. ficus parasitoids were never Pseudococcus (Dactylopius) vovae Nasonov, 1908: noted on P. citri (Noyes & Hayat, 1994). Se- 484 (Poland). rological methods also do not show any dif- Pseudococcus vovae: Borchsenius, 1949: 134. ferences; and moreover, crossings between Pseudococcus junipericola Borchsenius, 1949: P. ficus and P. citri are possible (Tremblay et 116 (Tajikistan). Pseudococcus junipericola: Danzig, 1986: 18 (syn- al., 1980; Tranfaglia & Tremblay, 1982). onymy, lectotype designation). Experiments in which P. ficus is grown Pseudococcus inamabilis Hambleton, 1935: 112 under different temperatures showed that (Brasil). the translucent pores of the hind femora (a Allococcus inamabilis (Hambleton, 1935): Ez- taxonomically important character) were zat & McConell, 1956: 15; Danzig, 1986: 18 present in high temperature and absent in (synonymy); Roberti, Tranfaglia, 1981: 305. low temperature (Cox, 1989). Planococcus taigae Danzig, 1980: 168 (P. vovae, Distribution. Russia (greenhouses of the partly); 1986: 19 (Russia), new synonym. Main Botanical Garden, Moscow); Ukraine Planococcus taigae: Cox, 1989: 68. Planococcus juniperus Tang in Tang & Li, 1988: (the Crimea), Transcaucasia, Middle Asia, 42 (China, Inner Mongolia), new synonym. Mediterranean region, the Near East; intro- Planococcus juniperus: Tang, 1992: 352. duced in India, Pakistan, Vietnam, Argen- tine, Brazil, USA (California), South Africa. Material. Russia (Leningrad Prov., Karelia, Mode of life. Polyphagous; inhabit over- North Caucasus, Siberia, South of Primorsk Ter- ground parts of numerous wild, agricultural ritory, South Sakhalin, Kuril Islands (Shikotan); Ukraine (Crimea and Odessa Prov.), Armenia, and ornamental plants; most common on mountains of Middle Asia (including the type Vitis, Ficus, Punica granatum, Platanus, series of P. junipericola), Spain, France, Czech and Morus. In the Crimea and Caucasus the Republic, Poland; in general 64 slides. species has three generations per year (Um- Description. Adult female. Circulus pres- nov, 1940; Khadzibeili, 1985). ent (sometimes absent in insects from the mountains of Middle Asia). Multilocular Planococcus
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