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Length Weight Relationship, Food Habit and Sex Ratio of Narrow-Barred

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Length Weight Relationship, Food Habit and Sex Ratio of Narrow-Barred Available online freely at www.isisn.org Bioscience Research Print ISSN: 1811-9506 Online ISSN: 2218-3973 Journal by Innovative Scientific Information & Services Network RESEARCH ARTICLE BIOSCIENCE RESEARCH, 2020 17(3): 1798-1806. OPEN ACCESS Length weight relationship, food habit and sex ratio of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson Lacepede 1800) in Bone Bay waters, South Sulawesi Indonesia Achmar Mallawa and Faisal Amir Department of Fishery Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fishery, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia *Correspondence: [email protected] Received 21-04-2020, Revised: 20-07-2020, Accepted: 30-07-2020 e- Published: 18-08-2020 The narrow-barred Spanish mackerel is one of the important fishery commodities in the Fisheries Management Area 713, especially in the Bone Bay waters, but research on these fish is still lacking. This research conducted in 2018 for 10 months in the Bone Bay waters aimed at analyzing several aspects of biology including growth patterns, condition factor, sex ratio, food habits and sex ratio. Primary data collected through direct observation in the field. The length-weight relationship was analyzed using cubic equation, condition factor by Froese equation, food habit by the Index of Relative Importance, and sex identification and sex ratio by morphological method and chi square. The results of the study showed that the growth patterns of narrow barred Spnaish mackerel in Bone Bay waters is negative allometric, condition factor was 1.138, the food consisted of teleost, shrimp and mollusk and importance food are Stelophorus sp, Rastrelliger sp and Sardinella sp, the number of males and females in balance. Keywords: Scomberomorus, growth pattern, importance food, sexes-ratio INTRODUCTION 39,000 tons per year or 24% of the total catch. In Indonesian waters area there are two species Next followed India, Islamic Republic of Iran, of mackerel, the Indo Pacific King mackerels United Arab Emirates, Myammar, Pakistan, Saudi (Scomberomorus guttatus) and narrow-barred Arabia, Yemen, and others. Suman et al., (2016) Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson), report that in the Indonesian Fisheries spread almost throughout Indonesian waters. Management Area 713 large pelagic fishes The Directorate General of Capture Fisheries of including narrow-barred Spanish mackerel already the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries full exploited and even over exploited. This is in (2014) reported that one of Indonesia's waters line with the IOTC (2018) that since 2015 the that has a high potential for narrow-barred narrow-barred Spanish mackerel stock in Indian Spanish mackerel is the Indonesian Fisheries Ocean waters is in a condition subjected to Management Area 713 where Bone Bay is overfishing (F2015/FMSY>1) and stock overfished included. The Indian Ocean Tuna Committee, (SB2015/SBMSY<1). Furthermore, the IOTC IOTC (2017) explained that based on the average explained that in order to the properly manage the catch data of mackerel fish from 2013 to 2017 of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel procurement several countries in the Indian Ocean, Indonesia several data such as nominal catch, catch and occupies the top position with a total catch of effort, discards catch, and biological data are very Mallawa and Amir Length weight relationship, food habit and sex ratio of narrow-barred mackerel important. Research on narrow-barred Spanish Data on the length (Fork length in cm) and mackerel in Indian Ocean waters has been widely weight (body weight in gram) obtained through reported namely about the relationship of length direct by measuring board and weighing by weight (Mackie et al. 2005; Govender et portable balance on the fishing boats. al., 2006; Shojeai et al., 2007; Motlagh et Simultaneously a 100 fish gut specimen taken to al., 2008; Sadeghi et al., 2009; Motlagh & Shojeai observe the kinds of food and main food for this 2009; Kaymaran et al., 2010; Kazemi et fish. For laboratory observe the fish gut specimen al., 2013; Fakhri et al., 2015). About the sexes were preserved in 10% formalin solution. Kinds of ratio (Claereboudt et al., 2005; Grandcourt et preys were determined on the lowest possible al., 2005; Sadhegi et al., 2009; Kaymaran et taxon, and the occurrence, number and weight of al., 2010; Johnson et al., 2014), and related to different prey in fish gut also recorded. food habit (Mackei et al., 2005; Rose et al., 2006; Bakhoum 2007; Darvishi et al., 2013; Johnson et Data analysis al., 2013; Rajesh et al., 2017; Niamaimandi et al., 2017). Research on narrow-barred Spanish Length-weight relationship mackerel in Indonesia is still lacking, research on The lengths-weights relationship of narrow- biological aspects and population dynamics in the barred Spanish mackerel analyzed using the Kwandang waters of Sulawesi Sea (Nugroho et cubic equation that the weight of the fish as the al., 2014 and 2018), length-weight relationships in power of three of its length as follows: b the Java Sea (Santoso and Soesilo 2016), and W = aL exploitation rates (Yuliana and Nurhasanah 2017). Where individuals body weight in gram, L is About fisheries aspects in the Natuna Sea fork length in cm, “a” is intercept the y-axis, “b” is (Jumrizal et al., 2014) and about gonad maturity regression coefficient. .Based on the “b” value and sex ratio in Sunda Strait (Oktavia and obtained, it can seen the growth pattern of the Hidayati 2017). fish, namely if the value of “b” is equal to 3.0, the Based on these facts, it is very important to growth pattern is isometric, if the value of “b” is conduct research on narrow-barred Spanish greater than 3.0 the growth pattern is positive mackerel especially those related to aspects of allometric, and if the value of “b” is smaller than biology. The research aims to analyze the 3.0 the growth pattern negative allometric. To find biological aspects such as length-weight out whether the value of “b” is equal to the 3.0, a relationship, condition factor, sex ratio, and food Student t-test carried out at a confidence level of habit of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel in the 95% (Steel & Torrie, 1993). Bone Bay waters, Indonesia. The results of the study expected to be additional information for Condition factor policy-makers related to the management and For fish where the length-weight relationship utilization of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, was allometric, the condition factor (CF) could be especially in the waters of Bone Bay and count by equation of Froese (2006) as follow: b Indonesian waters. In addition, the results of the CF = (Wb/aL ) or CF=Wb/W*, b study expected to be one of the references for Wb = (W1+W2+W3+ Wn)/n, and W*=aL , researchers on biological aspects of narrow- Where W is the average weight (gram) of fish barred Spanish mackerel. in a length class, L is average length (cm) in a class length. MATERIALS AND METHODS Food habit Sampling site To find out what kinds of important food of A total 515 specimens of narrow-barred narrow-barred Spanish mackerel has used the Spanish mackerel captured by drift surface gill Index of Relative Importance method, IRI (Effendi, net, trolling line, hand line and boat lift net was 1997) with the equation: collected by Stratified Random Sampling, monthly IRI = (N+ W)× F, from February to November 2018 in the Bone Bay Where N is percentage of number of a type of waters, 2°30 ' North Latitude to 6° South Latitude food, W is percentage of weight of type of food, and 120° West Longitude to 122°East Longitude and, F = percentage of occurrence of type of food. (Fig.1) Bioscience Research, 2020 volume 17(3): 1798-1806 1799 Mallawa and Amir Length weight relationship, food habit and sex ratio of narrow-barred mackerel Figure 1: Research Location (Bone Bay Waters) negative allometric, or the increase in length is Sexes-Ratio faster than the weight gain. Specimens sexed by macroscopic observation. Sexes-ratio is calculated by Condition factor comparing the number of the females and males The result of analysis showed that the in the fish samples and to find out whether the condition factor value varies according to length number of males and females is comparable, chi- class, the smallest value was 0.383 in 147-152 cm square test (p>0.05) is carried out. length class, and the highest was 1.138 in 42-47 cm length class. RESULTS Food habit Length-Weight Relationship and Growth Diet analysis indicated that food composition Pattern of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel in Bone Bay The measurement results of 515 fish samples waters consist of fish (teleost), crustacean, and found that the length of the fish ranged from 57- mollusk. Kinds of food item indentified in the 135 cm and the weight ranged from 0.5 to 11 kg. stomach includes anchovy (Stelophorus sp), Mapping the length of the fish as the x-axis and sardine (Sardinellaspp), Indian mackerel the weight of the fish as the y-axis (Figure 1) (Rastrellliger spp), bonyfish (Leiognathus spp), results in the equation of the length-weight shrimps, squid (Loligo sp). The IRI analysis result relationship is: revealed that anchovy, sardine and Indian W = 0.050466. L 2,562 mackerel were the most important food item to the diet of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel in Bone the equation W = a L b in Bone Bay waters Bay waters. Bonyfish, shrimps and squid were the The t-student test result that the value of “b” less important component to the diet of narrow- 2.562 is significantly difference with 3.0 (t barred mackerel (Table 1). calculated 2.3449>t table 1.960, at p > 0.05), where the value of “b”
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