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395 ABCC6, 300 ABCD2 Score, 98 Abetaliproteinemia, 349 Abscess Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86622-4 - Toole’s Cerebrovascular Disorders, Sixth Edition E. Steve Roach, Kerstin Bettermann and Jose Biller Index More information Index ABCC6, 300 AFO. See ankle-foot orthosis ANCA. See antineutrophilic cytoplasmic ABCD2 score, 98 age antibodies abetaliproteinemia, 349 CBF and, 204 ancrod, 364 abscess, 39, 304 hypoxia and, 71–72 Anderson-Fabry disease. See Fabry disease liver, 350 ischemia and, 71–72 anemia, 19, 111, 162, 164 abulia, 38 progeria, 302–303 aplastic, 163 ACA. See anterior cerebral artery subdural hematoma and, 275 Fanconi’s, 184, 306 ACAS. See Asymptomatic Carotid agenesis, 30 anesthesia, 66 Atherosclerosis Study AICA. See anterior inferior cerebellar artery anesthesia dolorosa, 51 ACE. See angiotensin converting enzyme AIDS. See acquired immune deficiency aneurysms, 238–247. See also specific types acetaminophen, 171 syndrome associated conditions with, 242–259 acetazolamide, 61 air embolism, 127, 128–129, 349 with AVM, 261 for moyamoya disease, 185 Alagille syndrome, 319 distribution of, 239–243 TCD and, 87 alcohol, 19 pregnancy and, 337 for venous thrombosis, 290 atherosclerosis and, 114 screening for, 249–250 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, 212 dilated cardiomyopathy and, 121 TIA and, 100 Achilles tendon, 379 hypertension and, 139 unruptured, 252 achromatopsia, 51 subdural hematoma and, 276 vaginal delivery and, 338 acquired immune deficiency syndrome TIA and, 100 angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. See Fabry (AIDS), 322 alexia, 51 disease acquired thrombophilia, 336 alpa-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole angioplasty, 103 acrocyanosis, 169 propionic acid (AMPA), 365 CAS, 115, 371 ACST. See Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery alpha-1-antitrypsin, 178 intravascular, 54 Trial alteplase, 224 percutaneous luminal, 8 ACTH, 338–339 Alzheimer disease, 207 transluminal coronary, 8 activated partial thromboplastin time amaurosis fugax, 17, 20, 33, 34–43 angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) (aPTT), 356 TIA and, 96 inhibitor, 102, 121, 137, 213, 335 activities of daily living (ADLs), 377, amblyopia, 268 vascular dementia and, 203 385–386, 388 ambulation, 379, 381 angiotensin II receptor blockers, 335 IADLs, 386 assistive devices for, 382 Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Adamkiewicz, artery of, 345, 348 21-aminosteroids, 365 Trial (ASCOT), 137 Adams, Robert, 9 amiodarone, 171 ankle-foot orthosis (AFO), 382 ADAMT13, 166 amitriptyline, 197–199 anomic aphasia, 15–16 adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 164 amnesia, 13, 14 anosognosia, 51 adenosine magnesium, 354 with steal syndromes, 53 anterior cerebral artery (ACA), 32, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 65 TIA and, 97 37–38 ischemic penumbra and, 69 amnestic syndrome, 50, 51 aneurysm of, 241 oxygen and, 67 amniotic fluid embolism, 338 anterior communicating artery and, 38 adhesion molecules, 88 AMPA. See alpa-amino-3-hydroxy-5- bilateral syndrome, 38 ADLs. See activities of daily living methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid dysfunction of, 38 ADP. See adenosine diphosphate amphetamine, 226, 351 ICA and, 38 AF. See atrial fibrillation for aphasia, 387 MCA and, 38 395 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86622-4 - Toole’s Cerebrovascular Disorders, Sixth Edition E. Steve Roach, Kerstin Bettermann and Jose Biller Index More information 396 Index anterior choroidal artery, 38–39 antithrombin, 334, 336 Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial anatomy of, 38–39 deficiency of, 167–168 (ACST), 371 bilateral syndrome, 39 Anton’s syndrome, 18, 50, 51 ataxia, 19, 44 diabetes mellitus and, 39 aortic atherosclerotic plaque, 126 familial paroxysmal, 100 hypertension and, 39 APAS. See antiphospholipid antibody Friedreich, 320 syndrome, 39 syndrome ataxic hemiparesis, 138 anterior communicating artery, aphasia, 14. See also specific types atenolol, 137 37 clinical characterization of, 15 atheromata, 42 ACA and, 38 dysarthria and, 14 atherosclerosis aneurysm of, 241 management of, 386–387 alcohol and, 114 anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), MCA and, 36 in basilar artery, 42, 108 45, 47–48 PCA and, 51 biomarkers for, 88 long pontine circumferential branches aplastic anemia, 163 brain infarction and, 105 from, 49 APOE. See apolipoprotein E carotid artery obstruction from, 26 syndrome, 49 apolipoprotein E (APOE), 213, 225 cerebral infarction and, 31 TIA and, 49 apraxia, 39 of cervicocranial arteries, 105–116 watershed infarction of, 65 aPTT. See activated partial thromboplastin in children, 320 anterior median spinal artery, 346 time cholesterol and, 106–107 branches of, 346–347 arachnoiditis, 351 clinical manifestations of, 105–106 anterior spinal artery, 346 arterial blood pressure, 22 evaluation of, 112 syndrome, 348–349 arterial compression syndromes, 52 exercise and, 114 anterior thalamosubthalamic paramedian arterial dissection. See also cervicocephalic genetics of, 295 artery, 50 arterial dissections homocysteine and, 107 antibiotics, 163 SAH and, 237 hyperlipidemia and, 295 PAN and, 148 of spinal cord, 350 hypertension and, 106 platelet disorders from, 166 arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), 61, 67 management of, 112–116 anticoagulants, 1, 163. See also heparin; arterial-to-artery embolism, 126 of MCA, 36 warfarin arterial tortuosity syndrome, 30, 302 ophthalmic artery and, 20 for APAS, 169, 337 arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 223, parkinsonism and, 106 for ASD, 122 223–224, 259–264 pathogenesis of, 109–112 for CCADs, 181 abscess and, 304 pathology of, 107–109 for children, 326 brain infarction and, 304 PCA and, 51 epidural hematoma and, 102 in children, 314 PET for, 83 LB and, 102 HHT and, 304 risk factors for, 106–107 pregnancy and, 336, 339–340 pregnancy and, 337 spinal cord and, 350 for prosthetic heart valves, 371 seizures with, 17 statins for, 126 for spinal cord infarction, 354 of spinal cord, 352; HHT and, 352; steal syndromes and, 53 for stroke prevention, 370–371 management of, 354 thrombosis and, 107 subdural hematoma and, 102, 276 subacute necrotic myelopathy and, TIA and, 96 for Takayasu arteritis, 147–148 351 of VA, 42, 43, 108 for TIA, 102 treatment of, 263–264 atorvastatin (Lipitor), 114, 126 for venous thrombosis, 337 vaginal delivery and, 338 ATP. See adenosine triphosphate antidepressants, 171, 370, 388 arteritis, 19, 151–152 atrial fibrillation (AF), 6, 118, 119–120 for aphasia, 387 artery of Adamkiewicz, 345, 348 cerebral embolism and, 40 anti-factor Xa, 336 arthritis, 42, 154 cerebral infarction from, 5 anti-heparin protein, 69 ASA, 101 hyperthyroidism and, 320 antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies ascending frontal artery, 36 NVAF, 370 (ANCA), 149 ASCOT. See Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac risk stratification with, 120 antiphospholipid antibody syndrome Outcomes Trial warfarin for, 370–371 (APAS), 169 ASD. See atrial septal defect atrial septal aneurysm, PFO and, 121–122 migraine and, 196 aspergillosis, 316 atrial septal defect (ASD), 121–122, 320 pregnancy and, 336–337 aspiration pneumonia, 76, 366 auscultation, 22–26 thrombophilia and, 336 aspirin, 1, 6, 120 autonomic dysreflexia, 139 TIA and, 336 for APAS, 337 autoregulation, 62 antiplatelet therapy with dipyridamole, 115 of CBF, 6 for APAS, 337 for TIA, 101 of cerebral perfusion, 61 for ASD, 122 for homocystinuria, 299 in spinal cord, 347 for children, 326–328 for migraine, 197–199 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney for homocystinuria, 299 platelet disorders from, 166 disease, 242–243 for moyamoya disease, 186 in pregnancy, 339 AVM. See arteriovenous malformation in pregnancy, 339 PXE and, 301 for spinal cord infarction, 354 for TIA, 101 Babinski-Nageotte syndrome, 49 for stroke prevention, 370 assistive devices, for ambulation, 382 Babinski’s sign, 106 for Takayasu arteritis, 147–148 Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis baclofen, 381 for venous thrombosis, 289 Study (ACAS), 371 Baillie, Mathew, 105 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86622-4 - Toole’s Cerebrovascular Disorders, Sixth Edition E. Steve Roach, Kerstin Bettermann and Jose Biller Index More information Index 397 Balint’s syndrome, 37, 51 instability of, 367 infarcts, leukoencephalopathy, and balloons pregnancy and, 334 migraine catheters with, 8 subdural hematoma and, 278 Caisson’s disease, 350 with microcatheters, 9 B-mode. See brightness mode calcarine artery, 50 barbiturates, 19 boat hemorrhage, 21 calcium, 65, 164 Barthel Index (BI), 377, 388 Bobath approach, 385 ischemic penumbra and, 69 Baruch, Bernard, 201 body positions, TIA and, 96 calcium channel blockers, 186, 213, 365 basal cerebral veins, 284 bone marrow transplantation, 163 for CADASIL, 297 basal ganglia, 50 Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome, 260 for migraine, 197–199 basilar artery, 41 botulinum toxin, 381 callosomarginal artery, 37 anatomy of, 45 Bouillaud, Jean Baptiste, 13 urinary incontinence and, 38 aneurysm of, 241 boundary zone infarction, 64–65 CAMs, 88 ataxia and, 44 BPPV. See benign paroxysmal positional canes, 382 atherosclerosis in, 42, 108 vertigo CARASIL. See cerebral autosomal recessive diplopia and, 44 braces, 381–382 arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts dysfunction of, 43–45 brachiocephalic artery, 29 and leukoencephalopathy headache and, 44 bradycardia, 22, 118 carbamazepine, 298 hemiparesis and, 44 brain death, 87 carbon dioxide (CO2), 61, 67–68 hemiplegia and, 44 brain infarction, 62, 167, 361, 362 CBF and, 67 long pontine circumferential branches atherosclerosis and, 105 ischemic penumbra and, 70 from, 49 AVM and, 304 cardiac embolism numbness and, 43 circle of Willis and, 52 in children, 319–320 paralysis and,
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