Gehlek Rimpoche a Course in Meditation
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Gehlek Rimpoche GOM a course in meditation based on Tsongkhapa’s Lamrim Chenmo and Lamrim Chungba given in weekly Thursday classes in the Jewel Heart Center, New York City 2004 Jewel Heart Transcript 2005 Gehlek Rimpoche, Gom – a course in meditation © 2005 Ngawang Gehlek Jewel Heart Transcripts are lightly to moderately edited transcriptions of the teachings of Kyabje Gehlek Rinpoche and others teachers who have taught at Jewel Heart. Their purpose is to provide Rimpoche’s students, as well as all oth- ers who are interested, with these extremely valuable teachings in a way that gives one the feeling of being present at the teachings. JEWEL HEART Tibetan Cultural and Buddhist Centers, 207 East Washington Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA Tel. (1) 313 994 3387 Fax: (1) 313 994 5577 www.jewelheart.org Acknowledgements This is the transcription of a Course in Meditation [Tib. gom], given by Kyabje Gehlek Rimpoche in the New York Jewel Heart Cen- tre, in 2004. The course is part of the long-term weekly Odyssey to Freedom teachings. Subject is the development of Shamatha [Skt.] or zhi nay [Tib.], i.e. the way or how to meditate. At the same time Rimpoche gave a course in Ann Arbor, also on a weekly basis, on the Eighth Chap- ter of the Bodhisattvacharyavatara, the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life, by Shantideva, in which was dealt with the object, the what to medi- tate on. After finishing the meditation course, Rimpoche gave a brief introduction into mahamudra. Inserted into this are a few pieces of text from Rimpoche’s Lam Rim Teachings as well as a few verses with commentary from the Ann Arbor teachings on the Eight Chapter of the Bodhisattvacaryava- tara. A special feature of this transcript is the wonderful series of pic- tures Meditator’s Journey. The picture, taken from a thangka from the collection of the late Tomo Geshe Rimpoche, shows the story of how one trains in shamatha, what stages one goes through, what powers are used at each particular stage and what effect they have. Besides the total journey in overview, parts of the painting that explain a certain level have been blown up and an explaining commentary has been provided. That way the nine stages and six powers are made clear page by page. Another special feature is the explanation on how to meditate on the mind. The terminology on this topic kept changing during the course, in trying to find the most suitable translations for the original Ti- betan. The variety of synonyms used in the process has been pre- served in the text, while the final terminology is used in the out- lines as well as in the Meditator’s Journey. The transcription was done by the New York mandala mem- bers. As a help to the reader references to further literature, notes and charts are added. Any mistakes are due to my lack of knowl- edge. Ann Arbor, June 4th, 2005 Marianne Soeters © Ngawang Gehlek Contents I INTRODUCTION 7 II PREPARING FOR MEDITATION 31 III THE MEDITATIVE PROCESS 51 III FOCUSING – THE MIND AS FOCAL POINT 75 IV DEALING WITH LAXITY AND EXCITATION 97 V ATTAINING ZHI NAY 125 VI MAHAMUDRA 157 VII EPILOGUE 203 APPENDICES - MEDITATOR’S JOURNEY 208 - OUTLINES 227 - CHARTS 229 LITERATURE 231 I Introduction Welcome everybody to the beginning of our course on medita- tion.1 Before we go into the meditation itself, I’d like to give you some background information. THE ESSENCE OF BUDDHA’S TEACHING As many of you know, Tibetan Buddhism is part of the Mahayana tradition. What is the difference between Theravada and Maha- yana Buddhism? A lot of people will say that it is the difference between having and not having compassion. That is not right. The Theravadin tradition also gives you tremendous compassion. The bottom line really is that in the Mahayana tradition the practitioner thinks, ‘Whatever it may take, I myself, single-handedly will take total responsibility of liberating every single sentient being.’ That is the difference. Whether you can do it or not is a different story. In the Tibetan tradition this is called ‘special mind’. When you take that responsibility, then when you look at your own situation you realize that you are unable even to figure out how to look after yourself, yet you promise to liberate all. So the question is: how do I carry out this responsibility? The answer is: you have to become fully enlightened, yes! Then you will be able to liberate everybody else. That’s why in the Mahayana practice the goal you are trying to achieve is becoming a buddha. In the Theravadin tradition the goal you are striving for is to become an arhat. An arhat is free of suffering and the causes of suffering, free of the state which is known as samsara. Samsara is a Sanskrit word. In Tibetan it is called khor, which means anything 8 Gom – a course in meditation that is circling. The state of being free from samsara is called nir- vana in Sanskrit and in Tibetan de, which means ‘beyond’. The combination, khor de2 means samsara and nirvana. When you look at it, it is fantastic, just these two little words khor and de contain the four noble truths, the first teaching of the Buddha. The Four Noble Truths. These are: 1. the truth of suffering, 2. the truth of the cause of suffering, 3. the truth of the cessation of suffering 4. the truth of the path that leads to the cessation of suffering. The circling of khor is related to the first two noble truths, the truth of suffering and the truth of the cause of suffering. The cause of suffering is what makes the individual circle continuously in suffering. Suffering makes the individual run. We are running away from fear and we can’t get away, so we are circling. Fear combined with confusion is the source of suffering. We have had that for so long. We are running but we can’t get away. Why can’t we get away? Because we are sort of hooked in by links. It is like a wheel where the inside runs but the spokes cannot fall apart be- cause of the rim that keeps them together. Exactly like that we are running and we cannot get away because of the twelve links of the system of interdependence. You know about these, I am sure. We have heard and read about it and had teachings about that a num- ber of times3. These links of the rim, that stops the system from falling apart, keep you running around. When Buddha talks about khor, circling, just that one word gives you the first two noble truths. De, the going beyond, gives you the other half of the four noble truths. The first two are the negative aspects and the second are the positive aspects of the four noble truths. That is why Bud- dha is really great. In these few simple words combined together he expresses the nature of our life. That’s exactly what it is. We are all running, all the time, physically, mentally and emo- tionally. That is the life we are in. That is our reality. Buddha’s idea of liberation is based on these four. It tells you how people get into it and how they can get out of it. In the Lankavatara sutra4 Buddha says, Why are people running around and suffer so much? Because Introduction 9 they don’t get emptiness straight, the nature of reality, what is really going on. They don’t get the meaning of peace, [Skt. nirvana] straight. That’s why they are circling, life after life. That is very important. Life after life, we’re continuously doing the same thing. We may think, ‘Well, I am okay, I am not doing any- thing terrible and miserable’. In one way it is true. We are greater than many others. But on the other hand, we are not liberated, we are not free. That much we know. For me the goal of spiritual practice, spiritual work, is that first we have to liberate ourselves, then help liberate others. Liberate from what? From running around. The fear combined with confu- sion is traditionally called ignorance [Tib. marigpa], which might not be exactly ignorance as we understand it. This one beats us so badly. It takes shelter in one of the emotions – it can be hatred or obsession. We are running around within that. If you watch carefully, it becomes clear to you whether what you are doing is okay or not. What is your mind really influenced by? Only for a very short time you will find the mind influenced by posi- tive emotions. Most of the time, however, the mind is influenced by negative emotions, such as dislike, dissatisfaction, fear. That is our problem. It causes misery and suffering and unhappiness. Sometimes we think we don’t have this problem, and it may not look like we do. There is no one with horns and tail and fangs that says, ‘I am the problem.’ But it is there, occupying the individual subconsciously. Without our knowledge it controls us completely. These are the points Buddha refers to when he says that we are suf- fering. We do not necessarily have to be in a hot or cold hell, where you are either getting fried or frozen. Suffering is everywhere – men- tal, physical and emotional suffering. Physically we have tremendous suffering. Everyone of us looks different from ten years ago.