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Seminar Comparative Constitutional Law Switzerland – China – Hong Kong Seminar Comparative Constitutional Law Switzerland – China – Hong Kong Freedom of Speech and Assembly in China, Hong Kong and Switzerland Prof. Dr. Christine Kaufmann and Prof. Dr. Johannes Chan Nicole Fröhlich Im Staubenweidli 15 8820 Wädenswil 079 271 66 31 [email protected] University of Zürich Law Faculty 4th Semester Zürich, September 15, 2008 Bibliography _______________________________________________________________ I Abbreviations _____________________________________________________________IV Introduction _____________________________________________________________- 1 - 1. Freedom of Speech and Assembly in China ________________________________- 1 - 1.1 Development __________________________________________________________ - 1 - 1.1.1 Individual Rights in Traditional China ___________________________________________ - 1 - 1.1.2 Individual Rights in the PRC___________________________________________________ - 2 - 1.2 Sources of Law ________________________________________________________ - 3 - 1.2.1 Domestic Law ______________________________________________________________ - 3 - 1.2.2 International Law ___________________________________________________________ - 3 - 1.3 Content ______________________________________________________________ - 4 - 1.3.1 Subjects ___________________________________________________________________ - 4 - 1.3.2 Scope_____________________________________________________________________ - 4 - 1.3.3 Restrictions ________________________________________________________________ - 5 - 1.4 Violations ____________________________________________________________ - 6 - 2. Freedom of Speech and Assembly in Hong Kong____________________________- 8 - 2.1 Development __________________________________________________________ - 8 - 2.1.1 Civil Rights in Hong Kong before 1997 __________________________________________ - 8 - 2.1.2 Civil Rights in Hong Kong after 1997 ___________________________________________ - 9 - 2.2 Sources of Law ________________________________________________________ - 9 - 2.2.1 Domestic Law ______________________________________________________________ - 9 - 2.2.2 International Law ___________________________________________________________ - 9 - 2.3 Content _____________________________________________________________ - 10 - 2.3.1 Subjects __________________________________________________________________ - 10 - 2.3.2 Scope____________________________________________________________________ - 10 - 2.3.3 Restrictions _______________________________________________________________ - 11 - 2.4 Violations ___________________________________________________________ - 12 - 3. Freedom of Speech and Assembly in Switzerland __________________________- 13 - 3.1 Development _________________________________________________________ - 13 - 3.1.1 Federal Constitution of 1848__________________________________________________ - 13 - 3.1.2 Federal Constitution of 1874__________________________________________________ - 13 - 3.1.3 Recognition of Unwritten Fundamental Rights____________________________________ - 13 - 3.1.4 Federal Constitution of 1999__________________________________________________ - 13 - 3.2 Sources of Law _______________________________________________________ - 14 - 3.2.1 Domestic Law _____________________________________________________________ - 14 - 3.2.2 International Law __________________________________________________________ - 14 - 3.3 Content _____________________________________________________________ - 14 - 3.3.1 Subjects __________________________________________________________________ - 14 - 3.3.2 Scope____________________________________________________________________ - 15 - 3.3.3 Restrictions _______________________________________________________________ - 18 - 3.4 Violations ___________________________________________________________ - 19 - 4. Comparison_________________________________________________________- 20 - Conclusion _____________________________________________________________- 22 - Appendix _______________________________________________________________- 23 - 1. International Law_______________________________________________________ - 23 - 1.1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) _________________________________ - 23 - 1.2 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)________________________ - 23 - A 1.3 Convention on the Rights of the Child __________________________________________ - 24 - 1.4 European Convention (ECHR) ________________________________________________ - 24 - 1.5 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties_______________________________________ - 25 - 2. Law of the PRC ________________________________________________________ - 26 - 2.1 Constitution of the People’s Republic of China ___________________________________ - 26 - 2.2 Law of the PRC on Assemblies, Processions and Demonstrations _____________________ - 27 - 2.3 Regulations on Publication Administration_______________________________________ - 28 - 3. Law of the HKSAR _____________________________________________________ - 28 - 3.1 Basic Law ________________________________________________________________ - 28 - 3.2 Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance (BRO) _____________________________________ - 30 - 4. Law of Switzerland______________________________________________________ - 30 - 4.1 Federal Constitution (BV)____________________________________________________ - 30 - B Bibliography BAI Bai, Yan, Human Rights Debate, in: Luo, Jing (ed.), China Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the People’s Republic, London 2005, Vol. I, 266-269 BIAGGINI Biaggini, Giovanni, BV Kommentar, Zürich 2007 BOYLE Boyle, Kevin, Freedom of Opinion and Freedom of Expression, in Chan, Johannes/Ghai, Yash, The Hong Kong Bill of Rights: A Comparative Approach, Hong Kong 1993 th BRENNAN /B RODY / Brennan, Katherine/Brody, Reed/Weissbrodt, David, The 40 Session WEISSBRODT of the UN-Sub- Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Pro- tection of Minorities, Human Rights Quarterly , Vol. 11, No. 2 (May 1989), 295-324 BURKERT Burkert, Herbert, Artikel 17, in: Ehrenzeller, Bernhard (ed.), Die Schweizerische Bundesverfassung: Kommentar, Zürich/Basel/Genf 2002 CHAN /G HAI Chan, Johannes/Ghai, Yash, The Hong Kong Bill of Rights: A Comparative Approach, Hong Kong 1993 CHAN Chan, Johannes, National Security and the Unauthorized and Damag- ing Disclosure of Protected Information, in: Hualing, Fu/Petersen, Carole J./Young, Simon N.M. (eds.), National Security and Fundamen- tal Freedoms: Hong Kong’s Article 23 Under Scrutiny, Hong Kong 2005, 251-276 CHAN (1998) Chan, Johannes M.M., Hong Kong’s Bill of Rights: Its Reception and Contribution to International and Comparative Jurisprudence, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 2 (April 1998), 306-336 CHEN Chen, Albert H.Y., Civil Liberties in China: Some Preliminary Obser- vations, in: Wacks, Raymond (ed.), Civil Liberties in Hong Kong, Hong Kong 1988, 107-149 CHEUNG Cheung, Anne S.Y, Self-Censorship and the Struggle for Press Free- dom in Hong Kong, The Hague 2003 COLIVER Coliver, Sandra, Commentary to: The Johannesburg Principles on Na- tional Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information, Human Rights Quarterly 20.1 (1998), 12-80 COPPER /L EE Copper, John F./Lee, Ta-ling, Tiananmen Aftermath: Human Rights in the People’s Republic of China, 1990, Baltimore (MD), 1991 COPPER Copper, John F., Defining Human Rights in the People’s Republic of China, in: Copper, John F. et al., Human Rights in the People’s Repu- blic of China, Colorado 1988, 9-17 EPSTEIN Epstein, Edward, Law and Legitimation in Post-Mao China, in: Potter, Pitman B. (ed.), Domestic Law Reforms in Post-Mao China, Armonk (NY) 1994, 19-55 EVATT Evatt, Elizabeth, The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Freedom of Expression and State Security, in: Coliver, San- dra/Hoffman, Paul/Fitzpatrick, Joan/Bowen, Stephen (eds.), Secrecy and Liberty: National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information, The Hague 1999, 83-108 GHAI /V AN DALE Ghai, Yash/Van Dale, Jennifer, National Security and Freedom of Expression in Hong Kong, in: Coliver, Sandra/Hoffman, Paul/Fitzpatrick, Joan/Bowen, Stephen (eds.), Secrecy and Liberty: I National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information, The Hague 1999, 305-320 HANGARTNER /K LEY Hangartner, Yvo/Kley, Andreas, Demonstrationsfreiheit und Rechte Dritter, ZBl 96 (1995), 101-116 HUTCHINGS Hutchings, Peter J., Freedom of Speech in Hong Kong and the Prob- lem of ‘China’, Cardozo Studies in Law and Literature, Vol. 8, No. 2 (1996) KENT Kent, Ann, Between Freedom and Subsistence, Hong Kong 1993 KENT (C ASE STUDY ) Kent, Ann, China and the International Human Rights Regime: A Case Study of Multilateral Monitoring, 1989-1994, Human Rights Quar- terly 17.1 (1995), 1-47 KLEY Kley, Andreas, Verfassungsgeschichte der Neuzeit, Bern 2004 KLEY /T OPHINKE Kley, Andreas/Tophinke Esther, Art. 16, in: Ehrenzeller, Bernhard (ed.), Die schweizerische Bundesverfassung: Kommentar, Zü- rich/Basel/Genf 2002 LAI Lai, Ming-yan, Haven under Erasure?: Hong Kong, Global Asia and Human Rights, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol. 38, No. 2 (2008), 300-319 MAHONEY /E ARLY Mahoney, Paul/Early, Lawrence, Freedom of Expression and National Security: Judicial and Policy Approaches under the European Conven- tion on Human Rights and other Council of Europe Instruments, in: Coliver, Sandra/Hoffman, Paul/Fitzpatrick, Joan/Bowen, Stephen (eds.), Secrecy and Liberty: National Security, Freedom
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