Differential Roles of Hypothalamic AVPV and Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons in Estradiol Feedback Regulation of Female Reproduction
At the Cutting Edge Neuroendocrinology 2020;110:172–184 Received: July 10, 2019 DOI: 10.1159/000503006 Accepted after revision: August 28, 2019 Published online: August 30, 2019 Differential Roles of Hypothalamic AVPV and Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons in Estradiol Feedback Regulation of Female Reproduction a a–c Luhong Wang Suzanne M. Moenter a b Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department c of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Keywords dian eminence and release GnRH near the primary capil- Ovulation · CRISPR · Estradiol · Reproduction · Kisspeptin · laries of the hypophyseal portal vasculature, which carry Anteroventral periventricular nucleus · Arcuate this decapeptide to the pituitary where it activates the synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Abstract [1, 3]. GnRH is released in an episodic, or pulsatile, man- Mammalian reproductive function includes puberty onset ner that is critical for pituitary function [4–6]. High and completion, reproductive cyclicity, steroidogenesis, ga- GnRH pulse frequency favors LH synthesis and release, metogenesis, fertilization, pregnancy, and lactation; all are whereas low GnRH pulse frequency preferentially pro- indispensable to perpetuate species. Reproductive cycles motes FSH [7–9]. FSH and LH regulate gametogenesis are critical for providing the hormonal milieu needed for fol- and steroidogenesis [10]. The sex steroids, including es- licular development and maturation of eggs, but cycles, in tradiol, progesterone, and testosterone, feed back to the and of themselves, do not guarantee ovulation will occur. brain to regulate GnRH release, and on the pituitary to Here, we review the roles in female reproductive neuroen- regulate the responsiveness of gonadotropes to GnRH docrine function of two hypothalamic populations that pro- [11–16].
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