FEMA P-361, Safe Rooms for Tornadoes And
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Tricks, Empty Rooms, and Basic Trap Design
Tricks, Empty Rooms, & Basic Trap Design By Courtney C. Campbell PREFACE From the Dungeon Master’s Guide, page 171 Table V. F.: Chamber or Room Contents 1-12 Empty 13-14 Monster Only 15-17 Monster and Treasure 18 Special 19 Trick/Trap 20 Treasure And right there is the heart of the issue. Gygax lays out the essence of role-playing games in that single table. He provides methods of producing flowcharts (the random dungeon generator) and fills each node with an encounter: Empty rooms, monsters, traps, treasure and “special”. This system maps to any role playing game since. There is a scene: either nothing happens, you have an antagonist, you deal with a threat, or you receive a reward. There are a selection of options of which scene to reach next (often depending on the events in the first scene). One is selected, you move onto the next scene (room) and repeat the process again. What a wonderful concept! Brilliant in the way it cuts right to the heart of what makes a role-playing game fun. Immediately after (or before in the case of the Monster Manual) and in the years following several of these items were given great support. Across the various iterations of Dungeons and Dragons there are literally thousands of monsters and dozens of books and tables devoted to traps. But what about the other 70% of the table? I’ve already addressed the treasure entry, in my document “Treasure”, available at http://hackslashmaster. blogspot.com/2010/11/treasure-update.html giving you the tools to create tons of interesting treasure. -
Building a Safe Room Inside Your House COURTESY of NOAA/NSSL Includes Construction Plans and Cost Estimates
FEMA 320 FIRST EDITION October 1998 COURTESY OF NASA COURTESY Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room Inside Your House COURTESY OF NOAA/NSSL Includes Construction Plans and Cost Estimates Federal Emergency Management Agency Mitigation Directorate 500 C Street, SW. • Washington, DC 20472 www.fema.gov Acknowledgments This booklet and the construction drawings it contains would not have been possible without the pioneering work of the Wind Engineering Research Center at Texas Tech University, the diligent efforts of the design team, and the constructive suggestions of the reviewers. Design Team Reviewers Paul Tertell, P.E. Dennis Lee Project Officer Hurricane Program Manager Program Policy and Assessment Branch Mitigation Division Mitigation Directorate FEMA Region VI FEMA Denton, Texas Washington, DC Bill Massey Clifford Oliver, CEM Hurricane Program Manager Chief, Program Policy and Assessment Branch Mitigation Division Mitigation Directorate FEMA Region IV FEMA Atlanta, Georgia Washington, DC TIm Sheckler, P.E. Dr. Ernst Kiesling, P.E. Civil Engineer Professor of Civil Engineering National Earthquake Program Office Wind Engineering Research Center Mitigation Directorate Texas Tech University FEMA Lubbock, Texas Washington, DC Dr. Kishor Mehta, P.E. Dr. Richard Peterson Director, Wind Engineering Research Center Chairman, Department of Geosciences Texas Tech University Texas Tech University Lubbock, Texas Lubbock, Texas Russell Carter, E.I.T. Larry Tanner, P.E., R.A. Research Associate Research Associate Wind Engineering Research Center Wind Engineering Research Center Texas Tech University Texas Tech University Lubbock, Texas Lubbock, Texas William Coulbourne, P.E. Richard Vognild, P.E Structural Engineer Director, Technical Services Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc. Southern Building Code Congress International Greenbelt, Maryland Birmingham, Alabama Jay Crandell, P.E. -
Basic Technical Rules the Nubian Vault (Nv)
PRODUCTION CENTRE INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME BASIC TECHNICAL RULES v3 BASIC TECHNICAL RULES THE NUBIAN VAULT (NV) TECHNICAL CONCEPT THE NUBIAN VAULT ASSOCIATION (AVN) ADVICE TO MSA CLIENTS Version 3.0 SEASON 2013-2014 COUNTRY INTERNATIONAL Association « la Voûte Nubienne » - 7 rue Jean Jaurès – 34190 Ganges - France February 2015 www.lavoutenubienne.org / [email protected] / +33 (0)4 67 81 21 05 1/14 PRODUCTION CENTRE INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME BASIC TECHNICAL RULES v3 CONTENTS CONTENTS.............................................................................................................2 1.AN ANCIENT TECHNIQUE, SIMPLIFIED, STANDARDISED & ADAPTED.........................3 2.MAIN FEATURES OF THE NV TECHNIQUE........................................................................4 3.THE MAIN STAGES OF NV CONSTRUCTION.....................................................................5 3.1.EXTRACTION, FABRICATION & TRANSPORT OF MATERIAL....................................5 3.2.CHOOSING THE SITE....................................................................................................5 3.3.MAIN STRUCTURAL WORKS........................................................................................6 3.3.1.Foundations........................................................................................................................................ 6 3.3.2.Load-bearing walls.............................................................................................................................. 7 3.3.3.Arches in load-bearing -
Types of Foundations
Lecture Note COSC 421 1 (M.E. Haque) TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS Foundation Systems Shallow Foundation Deep Foundation Pile Foundation Pier (Caisson) Foundation Isolated spread Wall footings Combined Cantilever or footings footings strap footings Raft or Mat foundation Lecture Note COSC 421 2 (M.E. Haque) Shallow Foundations – are usually located no more than 6 ft below the lowest finished floor. A shallow foundation system generally used when (1) the soil close the ground surface has sufficient bearing capacity, and (2) underlying weaker strata do not result in undue settlement. The shallow foundations are commonly used most economical foundation systems. Footings are structural elements, which transfer loads to the soil from columns, walls or lateral loads from earth retaining structures. In order to transfer these loads properly to the soil, footings must be design to • Prevent excessive settlement • Minimize differential settlement, and • Provide adequate safety against overturning and sliding. Types of Footings Column Footing Isolated spread footings under individual columns. These can be square, rectangular, or circular. Lecture Note COSC 421 3 (M.E. Haque) Wall Footing Wall footing is a continuous slab strip along the length of wall. Lecture Note COSC 421 4 (M.E. Haque) Columns Footing Combined Footing Property line Combined footings support two or more columns. These can be rectangular or trapezoidal plan. Lecture Note COSC 421 5 (M.E. Haque) Property line Cantilever or strap footings: These are similar to combined footings, except that the footings under columns are built independently, and are joined by strap beam. Lecture Note COSC 421 6 (M.E. Haque) Columns Footing Mat or Raft Raft or Mat foundation: This is a large continuous footing supporting all the columns of the structure. -
Sheltering in Place 8
Sheltering in Place 8 Emergency Preparedness—Month 8 CREATING A “SAFE ROOM” IN YOUR HOME WHY GENERALLY Your house provides a good first-layer barrier against Shelter where you are unless directed otherwise chemical airborne agents. Additional protection is by response officials. achieved by tightly sealing one room of your home It is only natural to want to be with your loved that you have pre-designated and prepared. ones, but it is safer to stay where you are. Do not attempt to get your children from school or day care. WHAT Typically, events of this type do not last long. The hazardous agents are moved about by air A safe room is one that easily and quickly can be and wind, which is constantly circulating. sealed to protect you from airborne agents, and that In extreme cases of contamination, breathing has a few supplies to get you through the hours that through a wet cloth provides additional you will need to stay inside it. All doors and protection. windows of that room will be sealed with plastic sheeting and tape, and dampened towels or cloths will be placed under the doors. You will probably need to stay inside several hours, but not several IF IN YOUR CAR days. So, choose a room that can accommodate your needs for several hours. A master bedroom Tightly roll up all windows. with an attached bathroom is ideal to give you Shut off the motor to avoid drawing outside air in access to the toilet and running water. through the engine. Turn off all heating and cooling and close all vents. -
Built to Fema 361, Icc-500, and Nssa Standards The
Behind every OTS structure is a strong and versatile team with decades of combined experience in the ownership, development, engineering, construction and turnkey project management of disaster-resistant structures. From our hybrid tilt-wall/cast in place concrete structures to domes, the self-performing, flexible and responsive OTS team works with clients through planning, design and engineering, subsequently mobilizing staff and deploying its own concrete batching and erection equipment. The experience is efficient and cost effective. The result is a disaster-resistant structure that is built to last a lifetime while performing a valuable community service. OTS Engineering & Operations Center, Lakeland, Florida AFFILIATIONS NSSA Producer Member of the National Storm Shelter Association. ACI BUILT TO FEMA 361, ICC-500, AND NSSA STANDARDS Omni-Threat Structures is a proud corporate member THE PLANET’S STRONGEST, MOST DISASTER RESISTANT of the American Concrete Institute. SAFE ROOM/MULTIPURPOSE/SPORTS CENTER CAN TCA BELONG TO YOUR COMMUNITY. Proud member of the Tilt-Up Concrete Association. ASA Omni-Threat Structures is an American Shotcrete Association Corporate Member. For further information, contact [email protected] or 305.467.0304 omnithreatstructures.com/domedivision *The reader should not infer that the use of the word FEMA implies any formal or informal relationship between FEMA and Omni-Threat Structures as represented in this brochure. FEMA neither sponsors nor endorses any event, activity, product or service as referenced herein. © 2019 Omni-Threat Structures. All Rights Reserved. 1,200 SEAT GYMNASIUM Specific to our steel reinforced dome structures, they are well suited for facilities that require wide- open space. The dome’s open span design means no columns to obscure visibility or interrupt valuable interior space. -
SOHO Design in the Near Future
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses 12-2005 SOHO design in the near future SooJung Lee Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Lee, SooJung, "SOHO design in the near future" (2005). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Rochester Institute of Technology A thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The College of Imaging Arts and Sciences In Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Fine Arts SOHO Design in the near future By SooJung Lee Dec. 2005 Approvals Chief Advisor: David Morgan David Morgan Date Associate Advisor: Nancy Chwiecko Nancy Chwiecko Date S z/ -tJ.b Associate Advisor: Stan Rickel Stan Rickel School Chairperson: Patti Lachance Patti Lachance Date 3 -..,2,2' Ob I, SooJung Lee, hereby grant permission to the Wallace Memorial Library of RIT to reproduce my thesis in whole or in part. Any reproduction will not be for commercial use or profit. Signature SooJung Lee Date __3....:....V_6-'-/_o_6 ____ _ Special thanks to Prof. David Morgan, Prof. Stan Rickel and Prof. Nancy Chwiecko - my amazing professors who always trust and encourage me sincerity but sometimes make me confused or surprised for leading me into better way for three years. Prof. Chan hong Min and Prof. Kwanbae Kim - who introduced me about the attractive -
2021 Shelter Catalog
STORM SHELTERS · SAFE ROOMS • WALK-IN VAULTS All Sizes and Configurations - Made in USA - Factory Direct to You 2021 SHELTER CATALOG Vault Pro Storm Shelter Safe Rooms are Engineered to Exceed All ICC-500 and FEMA 320 & 361 recommended standards for use in Storm & Tornado Shelters. www.vaultprousa.com MODULAR TORNADO & STORM SHELTERS · WALK-IN VAULTS & SAFE ROOMS We Are the Manufacturer - Factory Direct Sales and Delivery Modular Storm Shelters and Safe Rooms Proudly Made in America Shelters Built to Exceed FEMA 320, 361 and ICC 500 Standards • SAFE ROOMS • STORM SHELTERS • TORNADO SHELTERS • WALK-IN VAULT ROOMS • ARMORY VAULTS • SECURE STORAGE ROOMS MORE THAN JUST A STORM SHELTER! Walk-In Vault & Tornado Shelters NEW! › TORNADO SHELTER - WALK-IN VAULT ROOM - PROVIDES YEAR ROUND SAFETY & SECURITY › FULLY LOCKING VAULT DOOR FOR SECURE STORAGE › BUILT TO EXCEED FEMA 320, 361 and ICC 500 STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY STORM SHELTERS › VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL C-CHANNEL SUPPORTS FOR MAXIMUM SECURITY › SARGENT & GREENLEAF GROUP 1 DIGITAL LOCK PROVIDES QUICK ENTRY › INTERNAL RELEASE FOR QUICK EXIT › IN-SWING OR OUT-SWING DOOR › MADE IN USA Modular Design Allows You to Build Virtually Any Size Shelter Shelters Built to Exceed FEMA and ICC Standards Truly Modular Shelters can be built to virtually any size. Shelter vault rooms can be installed in existing spaces - even in a closet! Modular Panel Design Allows Installation Virtually Anywhere ALL SHELTERS BUILT to EXCEED FEMA 320, 361 and ICC 500 STANDARDS Vertical and Horizontal C-Channel Supports Modular Design Allows for Shelter Safe Rooms of Provide Superior Strength All sizes from closet to warehouse Vault Pro modular shelters can be made in virtually any size and configuration. -
Safe Rooms Offer “Near-Absolute Withstand the Peak Protection” During These Devastating Events
FEMA Building Where Can I Find More Guidelines Information? BUSINESS NAME The following rules are only a few of the federal guidelines established by FEMA. More informa - tion, including building plans and materials are available by calling 1 -800-480-2520 and request- ing publication FEMA P -320 (titled “Taking Shel- ter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room For Product/Service Information Your Home or Small Business”) or at the FEMA Safe Room website ( www.fema.gov/safe-rooms). High Winds - Tested with a 3 -second gust of 250 mph • Walls, doors, and ceil- An EF4 tornado struck Henryville, IN (Clark Co.) on ings must be able to March 2, 2012. Safe rooms offer “near-absolute withstand the peak protection” during these devastating events. wind velocity without buckling or separating • The shelter cannot Much more information is available online regarding overturn or slide A storm shelter that specifications, pricing options, and other details. FEMA survived a deadly maintains a general storm shelter information site at: De bris - Tested with a Moore, Oklahoma www.fema.gov/safe-rooms 15 lb. two-by-four EF5 tornado. wooden board propelled The National Storm Shelter Association standard, along at 100 mph (250 mph wind speed equivalent) with other industry news, is available at: Safe Rooms www.nssa.cc • The walls and ceiling of a shelter must resist penetration by a test object The best way to protect you and Texas Tech University’s National Wind Institute provides information on research, education, and all things wind: your family from tornadoes. -
Marina Bay Sands Hotel Arch 631 Kayla Brittany Maria Michelle Overall Information
Marina Bay Sands Hotel Arch 631 Kayla Brittany Maria Michelle Overall Information Location: Singapore Date of Completion: 2010 Cost: $5.7 billion Architect: Moshe Safdie Executive Architect: Aedas, Pte Ltd. Structural Engineer: Arup Landscape Architects: Peter Walker and Partners Landscape Architects Height: 57 Stories (197 m, 640 ft) Design Concept • General parameters of the design were • EXPLORE (new living and lifestyle options) • EXCHANGE (new business ideas) • ENTERTAIN (rich cultural experiences) • 55 Stories of hotel • Garden on top of 1 hectare • 150 m (492 ft) infinity pool • Primary driving element of design was the need for a continuous atrium running along all three towers • Tapering of the building was then conceived Foundation Design • Built on reclaimed land • http://vimeo.com/18140 564 • Layers • Deepest layer is stiff-to-hard Old Alluvium (OA) • Middle layer (5m- 35m thick) is Kallang Formation made of deep soft clay marine deposits with some firm clay and medium dense sand of fluvial origin mixed in • Top layer (12m-15m thick) is sand infill Old Alluvium (OA) Layer • Used a forest of barrettes and 1m-3m diameter bored piles • Average excavation depth was 20m • 2.8 cubed Mm of fill and marine clay taken from site Cofferdams • Diaphragm walls used for minimum strutting • 5 reinforced concrete cofferdams – Circular • 2-120m diameter • 1-103 diameter – Peanut shaped (twin-celled) • 75m diameter – Semi-circular • 65m radius • Each was a dry enclosure – Construction carried out without need for conventional temporary support -
In the Greeting That Arch Klumph Made to the Rotarians at the 1917 Rotary International Convention in Atlanta, He Said
VISIT DISTRICT 6630's FOUNDATION CENTENNIAL WEBSITE AT TRF100.ORG In the greeting that Arch Klumph made to the Rotarians at the 1917 Rotary International Convention in Atlanta, he said “We are gathered here today, a band of loyal, tired, and true members of the most worthy organization, Consecrated to the doctrine of service in all that the word implies.” Arch C. Klumph believed that Rotary would Brighten all eternity when he proclaimed in December 1928 “The Rotary Foundation is not to build monuments of brick and stone. If we work upon marble, it will perish; if we work on brass, time will efface it; if we raise temples they will crumble into dust; but if we work upon immortal minds…we are engraving on those tablets something that will brighten all eternity. Rotary is built by men made of good stuff; the ideal of service is developing into practice. As a consequence, the organization will never stand still.” — The Father of The Rotary Foundation was A Rotarian with a dream. A dream that he followed for 30 years, telling Rotarians what an endowment fund could do for Rotary and the communities of the world. Arch C. Klumph was a charter member and past president of the Rotary Club of Cleveland. He was Rotary International’s sixth president, creator of the district system for Rotary Clubs and the Father of The Rotary Foundation of Rotary International. This is the Arch Klumph that you all know. I would like to introduce you to the real Arch Klumph: He was born in Conneautville, Pennsylvania on the 6th of June 1869, and he is a direct descendent on the maternal side of James Fenimore Cooper, the American novelist. -
Types of Deep Foundations -Timber Piles - Reinforced Concrete Piles - Pifs - Steel Piles - Composite Piles - Augercast Shafts - Drilled Shafts
Foundation Engineering Lecture #14 Types of Deep Foundations -Timber piles - Reinforced Concrete piles - PIFs - Steel piles - Composite piles - Augercast shafts - Drilled shafts L. Prieto-Portar 2009 Surface soils with poor bearing may force engineers to carry their structural loads to deeper strata, where the soil and rock strengths are capable of carrying the new loads. These structural elements are called “deep foundations”. The oldest known deep foundation was a “pile”. Originally, piles were simply tree trunks stripped of their branches, and pounded into the soil with a large stone, much like a carpenter hammers a nail into a wooden board. Pile driving machines have been found in Egyptian excavations, consisting of a simple "A" frame, a heavy stone and a rope. Roman military bridge builders used a similar technique. Both were early examples of “driven” piles. In 1740 Christopher Phloem invented pile driving equipment using a steam machine which resembles today’s pile driving mechanisms. This method evolved by using steam to raise the weights (in lieu of human power) during the late 1800’s, and then diesel hammers were developed in Germany during WWII. The most recent advance in pile placing is the hydraulic hammer. Steel piles have been used since 1800’s and concrete piles since about 1900. In contrast, shafts or placed deep foundations are screwed (“augered”) into the soil, much like a carpenter places a screw into a wooden board. Similarly to the contrast between nailing versus screwing, the shafts are usually a quiet operation that tends to improve the soil and rock texture to carry the load.