D 8 619 .A2 1917f
President Wilson's War Address to Congress and Proclatnation
together with Joint Resolution of House and Senate, giving names of those voting for and against the measure
Illustrated with Reproductions of Original Photographs never before published Ftf~ 211 1~20
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...._ __ ,I ./ I / \, Connecticut State Library
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P r esident Wilson's War Address to Con gress an d Proclamat ion
together with Joint Resolution of House and Senate giving names of those voting for and against the measure
inet'hSevent een Verbatim Copy of the Historic Address Delivered in Congress, April 2, 1917
At the first day's session of the Sixty-fifth Congress of the United States of America, Monday, April 2, of this year, President Wilson appeared before the members of both Houses, assembled in joint session, and read his war message. Statesmen the world over have characterized this message as "the most momentous which any President of the United States has ever been called upon to make." Its tremendous influence for good is being felt all over the earth. It is for you to read and to study. Preserve it carefully. It is one of the most notable documents that has been given to the people since the dawn of the United States of America, one hundred and forty one years ago.
Great Men of Europe Praise theWar Message of President Wilson
"This message, by its virile simplicity, attains a grandeur with which few historic documents can compare."-RENE VIVIANI, French Minister of Justice. "The glowing phrases of the President's noble deliverance illumine the horizon and make clearer the goal we are striving to reach." PREMIER LLOYD GEORGE of Great Britain. "In never-to-be-forgotten language, you (President Wilson) have made yourself the eloquent interpreter of outraged laws and a menaced civilization."- PRESIDENT POINCARE of France. "A lofty and impressive addregs, worthy of the occasion."-VIS COUNT BRYCE, former British Ambassador. "The President's message constitutes a monument to American statesmanship."-JULES CAMBON, former French Ambassador. "The President's speech will live in the annals of eloquence as a worthy and noble exposition of the grounds for and the aims of a great national resolve."-EX-PREMIER H. H. ASQUITH of Great Britain. COPYRIGHT BY HARqiS & EWING PRESIDENT WILSON TilE CAPITOL, WASHINGTON, D. C. ,
COPYRIGHT eV HARRIS a t.WIN<. PRESIDENT WILSON AND CABINET From left to ritJbt aro und the table: President Will'on, William G. \1cAdoo, Secretary o£ Treasury; T. W. Gregory, Attorney General; Josephue Daniele, Secretary o£ Navy; David F. Houston, Secretary of Agriculture; William. B. V\Tilsoo, Secrt-tary of Labor; William C. Redfield, Secretary o£ Commerce \at extreme ritbt o£ picture); .Frankl1n K. Lane, Secretary of J nterior; ' Albert S . Burleson, Postmaster General; Ne,vton D . Bake r, Sect•etary of War, and Robe rt Lansing, Secretat·y of State . COPYRIGHT BY HARRIS a EWING PRESIDENT WILSON ADDRESSING CONGRESS President Wilson's War Address to Congress April 2, 1917
I have called the Congress into extraordi in the attempt to set up some law which nary session because there are serious, would be respected and observed upon the very serious, choices of policy to be made, seas, where no nation had right of do and made immediately, which it was neither minion and where lay the free highways right nor constitutionally permissible that of the world. By painful stage after stage I should assume the responsibility of mak has that law been built up, with meagre ing. enough results, indeed, after all was accom On the third of February last I officially plished that could be accomplished, but laid before you the extraordinary an always with a clear view, at least, of what nouncement of the Imperial German Gov the heart and conscience of mankind de ernment that on and after the first day of manded. February it was its purpose to put aside This minimum of right the German Gov all restraints of law or of humanity and use ernment has swept aside under the plea its submarines to sink every vessel that of retaliation and necessity and because it sought to approach either the p01·ts of had no weapons which it could use at sea Great Britain and Ireland or the western except these which it is impossible to em coasts of Europe or any of the ports con ploy as it is employing them without trolled by the enemies of Germany within throwing to the winds all scruples of hu the Mediterranean. That had seemed to manity or of respect for the understand be the object of the German submarine ings that were supposed to underlie the warfare earlier in the war, but since April intercourse of the world. of last year the Imperial Government had I am not now thinking of the loss of prop somewhat restrained the commanders of erty involved, immense and serious as that its undersea craft in conformity with is, but only of the wanton and wholesale its promise then given to us that passen destruction of the lives of non-combatants, ger boats should not be sunk, and that men, women, and children, engaged in due warning would be given to all other pursuits which have always, even in the vessels which its submarines might seek darkest periods of modern history, been to destroy, when no resistance was offered deemed innocent and legitimate. Property or escape attempted, and care taken that can be paid for ; the lives of peaceful and their crews were given at least a fair chance innocent people cannot be. to save their lives in their open boats. The The present German submarine warfare precautions taken were meagre and hap against commerce is a warfare against man hazard enough, as was proved in distress kind. It is a war against all nations. ing· instance after instance in the progress American ships have been sunk, American of the cruel and unmanly business, but a lives taken, in ways which it has stirred certain degree of restraint was observed. us very deeply to learn of, but the ships The new policy has swept every restric and people of other neutral and friendly tion aside. Vessels of every kind, what nations have been sunk and overwhelmed ever their flag, their character, their cargo, in the waters in the same way. There has their destination, their errand, have been been no discrimination. The challenge is to ruthlessly sent to the bottom without warn all mankind. Each nation must decide for ing and without thought of help or mercy itself how it will meet it. The choice we for those on board, the vesels of friendly make for ourselves must be made with a neutrals along with those of belligerents. moderation of counsel and a temperate Even hospital ships and ships carrying re ness of judgment befitting our character lief to the sorely bereaved and stricken and our motives as a nation. people of Belgium. though the latter were We must put excited feeling away. Our provided with safe conduct through the motive will not be revenge or the victori proscribed areas by the German Govern ous assertion of the physical might of the ment itself and were distinguished by un nation, but only the vindication of right, mistakable marks of identity, have been of human right, of which we are only a sunk with the same reckless lack of com single champion. passion or of principle. When I addressed the Congress on the I was for a little while unable to believe 26th of February last I thought that it that such things would in fact be done by would suffice to assert our neutral rights any government that had hitherto sub with arms, our right to use the seas scribed to the humane practices of civilized against unlawful interference, our right to nations. International law had its origin keep our people safe against unlawful vio- lence. But armed neutrality, it now ap serve the incidental needs of the nation in pears, is impracticable. Because subma the most abundant and yet the most eco rines are in effect outlaws when used as nomical and efficient way possible. It will the German submarines have been used involve the immediate full equipment of against merchant shipping, it is impos the Navy in all respects, but particularly sible to defend ships against their at in supplying it with the best means of tacks as the law of nations has assumed dealing with the enemy's submarines. It that merchantmen would defend them will involve the immediate addition to the selves against privateers or cruisers, visible armed forces of the United States already craft giving chase upon the open sea. It provided for by law in case of war at le<:tst is common prudence in such circumstances, 500,000 men, who should, in my opinion, grim necessity indeed, to endeavor to des be chosen upon the principle of universal troy them before they have shown their liability to service, and also the authori own intention. They must be dealt with zation of subsequent additional increments upon sight, if dealt with at all. of equal force so soon as they may be The German Government denies the right needed and can be handled in training. of neutrals to use arms at all within the It will involve also, of course, the grant ) areas of the sea which it has proscribed, ing of adequate credits to the Govern even in the defense of rights which no ment, sustained, I hope, so far as they can modern publicist has ever before ques equitably be sustained by the present tioned their right to defend. The intima generation, by well conceived taxation. I tion is conveyed that the armed guards say sustained so far as may be equitable which we have placed on our merchant by taxation because it seems to me that it ships will be treated as beyond the pale would be most unwise to base the credits of law and subject to be dealt with as pi which will now be necessary entirely on rates would be. Armed neutrality is in money borrowed. It is our duty, I most effectual enough at best; in such circum respectfully urge, to protect our people so stances and in the face of such pretensions far as we may against the very serious it is worse than ineffectual: it is likely hardships and evils which would be likely only to produce what it was meant to pre to arise out of the inflation which would vent; it is practically certain to draw us be produced by vast loans. into the war without either the rights or In carrying out the measures by which the effectiveness of belligerents. these things are to be accomplished we There is one choice we cannot make, we should keep constantly in mind the wis are incapable of m:.tking: we will not choose dom of interfering as little as possible in the path of submission and suffer the most our own preparation and in the equipment sacred rights of our nation and our people of our own military f orces with the duty to be ignored or violated. The wrongs for it will be a very l)ractical duty-of against which we now array ourselves are supplying the nations already at war with not common wrongs: they cut to the very Germany with the materials which they roots of human life. can obtain only from us or by our assist With a profound sense of the solemn and ance. They are in the field and we should even tragical character of the step I am help them in every way to be effective taking and of the grave responsibilities there. which it involves, but in unhesitating I shall t ake the liberty of suggesting, obedience to what I deem my con~titutional through the several executive departments duty, I advise that the Congress declare of the Government, for the consideration of the recent course of the Imperial German your committees, measures for the accom Government b be in fact nothing less than plishment of the several objects I have war against the Government and people mentioned. I hope that it will be your of the United States; that it formally ac pleasure to deal with them as having been cept the status of belligerent which has framed after very careful thought by the thus been thrust unon it: and that it take branch of the Government upon which the immediate steps not only to put the coun responsibility of conducting the war and try in a more thorough state of defense safeguarding the nation will most directly but also to exert all its power and emuloy fall. all its resources to bring the Government While we do these things, these deeply \ of the German Empire to terms and end momentous things, let us be very clear, the war. and make very clear to all the world what What this will involve is. clear. It will our motives and our objects are. Mv own involve the utmost nracticable co-operation thought has not been driven from its ha in counsel and action with the govern bitual and normal course by the unhappy ments now at war with Germ<:tny, and, as events of the last two months, and I do not incident to that, the extension to those believe that the thought of the nation has governments of the most liberal financial been altered or clouded by them. credits, in order that our resources may so I have exactly the same things in mind far as possible be added to theirs. It will now that I had in mind when I addressed involve the organization and mobilization the Senate on the 22d of January last; the of all the material resources of the coun same that I had in mind when I addressed try to supply the materials of war and the Congress on the 3d of February and on the 26th of February. Our object now, as common end and prefer the interests of then, is to vindicate the principles of peace mankind to any narrow interest of their and justice in the life of the world as own. against selfish and autocratic power and to Does not every American feel that as set up amongst the really free and self-gov surance has been added to our hope for erned peoples of the world such a concert the future peace of the world by the won of purpose and of action as will henceforth derful and heartening things that have ensure the observance of those principles. been happening within the last few weeks Neutrality is no longer feasible or de in Russia? sirable where the peace of the world is in Russia was known by those who knew volved and the freedom of its peoples, and it best to have been always in fact demo the menace to that peace and freedom lies cratic at heart, in all the vital habits of her in the existence of autocratic governments thought, in all the intimate relationships backed by organized force which is con of her people that spoke their natural in trolled wholly by their will, not b y the stinct, their habitual attitude towards life. will of their people. We have seen the last The autocracy that crowned the summit of neutrality in such circumstances. of her political structure, long as it had stood We are at the beginning of an age in and terrible as was the reality of its power, which it will be insisted that the same was not in fact Russian in origin, character, standards of conduct and of responsibility or purpose ; and now it has been shaken off for wrong done shall be observed among and the great, generous Russian people nations and their governments that are have been added in all their naive rna iesty observed among the individual citizens of and might to the forces th!!.t are fighting civilized states. for freedom in the world, for justice, and We have no quarrel with the German for peace. Eere is a fit partner for a Le:tgue people. We have no feeling towards them of E onor. but one of sympathy and friendship. It One of the things that has served to con was not upon their impulse that their gov vince us that the Prussian autocracy was ernment acted in entering this war. It not and could never be our friend is that was not with their previous knowledge or from the very outset of the present war approval. it has filled our unsuspecting communities It was a war determined upon as wars and even our offices of government with used to be determined upon in the old, un spies and set criminal intrigues everywhere happy days when peoples were nowhere afoot against our national unity of coun consulted by their rulers and wars were cil, our peace within and without, .our in provoked and waged in the interest of dustries and our commerce. dynasties or of little groups of ambitious Indeed, it is n "w evident that its spies men who were accustomed to use their were here even before the war began: and fellowmen as pawns and tools. it is unhappily not a matter of conjecture Self-governed nations do not fill their but a fact proved in our courts of justice neighbor states with spies or set the course that the intrigues which have more than of intrigue to bring about some critical once come perilously near to disturbing posture of affairs which will give them an the peace and dislocating the industries of opportunity to strike and make conquest. the country have been carried on at the Such designs can be successfully worked instigation, with the support, and even un out only under cover and where no one has der the personal direction of official agents the right to ask questions. of the Imnerial Government accredited to Cunningly contrived plans of deception the Government of the United States. or aggression, carried, it may be, from gen Even in check'ct~ these things and try eration to generation, can be worked out ing to extirpate them we have sought to and kept from the light only within the put the most generous interpretation ];>OS privacy of courts or behind the carefully sible unon them because we knew that their guarded confidences of a narrow and privi source -lay. not in any h'lstile feeling or leged class. purpose of the German people towards us They are happily impossible where pub (w o were, n'J doubt. a<; i~norant of them lic opinion commands and insists upon full as we ourselves were), but only in the sel information concerning all the nation's fish designs of a government that did what affairs. it pleased and told its neople nothing. But A steadfast concert for peace can never they have played their part in serving to be maintained except by a partnership of convince us at last that th'lt government democratic nations. No autocratic govern entertains no real friendship for us and ment could be trusted to keep faith within means to act against our neace and secur it or observe its covenants. It must be a ity at its convenience. That it means to league of honor, a partnership of opinion. stir up enemies against us at our very Intrigue would eat its vitals away; the doors the intercented note to the German plottings of inner circles who could plan Minister at Mexico City is eloquent evi what they would and render account to no dence. one would be a corruption seated at its We are accepting this challenge of hostile very heart. Only free peoples can hold purpose because we know that in such a their purpose and their honor steady to a government, following such methods, we can never have a friend; and that in the a people or with the desire to bring any presence of its organized power, always ly injury or disadvantage upon them, but ing in wait to accomplish we know not only in armed opposition to an irresponsible what purpose, there can be no assured se government which has thrown aside all curity for the democratic governments of considerations of humanity and of right the world. and is running amuck. We are now about to accept gauge of We are, let me say again, the sincere battle with this natural foe to liberty and friends of the German people, and shall de shall, if necessary, spend the whole force sire nothing so much as the early re-estab of the nation to check and nullify its pre lishment of intimate relations of mutual tensions and its power. We are glad, advantage between us-however hard it now that we see the facts with no veil of may be for them, for the time being, to be false pretense about them, to fight thus lieve that this is spoken from our hearts. for the ultimate peace of the world and We have borne with their present Govern for the liberation of its ·peoples, the Ger ment through all these bitter months be man peoples included: for the rights of cause of that friendship--exercising a pa nations great and small and the privilege tience and forbearance which would other of men everywhere to choose their way of wise have been impossible. We shall, hap life and of obedience. The world must pily, still have an opportunity to prove be made safe for democracy. Its peace must that friendship in our daily attitude and be planted upon the tested foundations of actions towards the millions of men and political liberty. women of German birth and native sym We have no selfish ends to serve. We pathy who live amongst us and share our desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek life, and we shall be proud to prove it to no indemnities for ourselves, no material wards all who are in fact loyal to their compensation for the sacrifices we shall neighbors and to the Government in the freely make. We are but one of the cham hour of test. They are, most of them, as pions of the rights of mankind. We shall true and loyal Americans as if they had be satisfied when those rights have been never known any other fealty or allegi made as secure as the faith and the free ance. They will be prompt to stand with dom of nations can make them. us in rebuking and restraining the few Just because we fight without rancor who may be of a different mind and pur and without selfish object, seeking noth pose. ing for ourselves but what we shall wish If there should be disloyalty it will be to share with all free peoples, we shall, I dealt with with a firm hand of stern re· feel confident, conduct our operations as pression: but, if it lifts its head at all, it belligerents without passion and ourselves will lift it only here and there and without observe with proud punctilio the principles countenance except from a lawless and of right and of fair play we profess to be malignant few. fighting for- It is a distressing and oppressive duty, gentlemen of the Congress, which I have I have said nothing of the governments allied with the Imperial Government of performed in thus addressing you. There Germany because they have not made war are, it may be, many months of fiery trial upon us or challenged us to defend our and sacrifice ahead of us. It is a fearful right and our honor. The Austro-Hun thing to lead this great peacful people into garian Government has, indeed, avowed its war, into the most terrible and disastrous unqualified endorsement and acceptance of of all wars, civilization itself seeming to the reckless and lawless submarine war be in the balance. But the right is more fare adopted now without disguise by the precious than peace, and we shall fight for Imperial German Government, and it has the things which we have always carried therefore not been possible for this Gov nearest our hearts-for democracy, for the ernment to receive Count Tar'l.owski, the right of those who submit to authority to Ambassador recently accredited to this Gov have a voice in their own governments, ernment by the Imperial and Royal Govern for the rights and liberties of small na ment of Austria-Hungary: but that Govern tions, for a universal dominion of right by ment has not actually engaged in warfare such a concert of free peoples as shall bring against citizens of the United States on peace and safety to all nations and make the seas, and I take the liberty, for the the world itself at last free. To such a present at least, of postponing a discussion task we can dedicate our lives and our of our relations with the authorities at fortunes, everything that we are and every Vienna. We enter this war only where thing that we have, with the pride of those we are clearly forced into it because there who know that the day has come when are no other means of defending our rights. America is privileged to spend her blood It will be all the easier for us to con and her might for the principles that gave duct ourselves as belligerents in a high her birth and happiness and the peace spirit of right and fairness because we which she has treasured. God helping her, act without animus, not in enmity towards she can do no other. President's War Proclamation
Whereas, The Congress of the United the laws of the land and give undivided States, in the exercise of the constitutional and willing support to those measures authority vested in them, have resolved, which may be adopted by the constitutional by joint resolution of the Senate and authorities in prosecuting the war to a suc House of Representatives bearing date this cessful issue and in obtaining a secure and day, "that a state of war between the just peace; and, acting under and by virtue United States and the Imperial German of the authority vested in me by the Con Government, which has been thrust upon stitution of the United States and said sec the United States, is hereby formally de tions of the Revised Statutes, I do hereby clared." further proclaim and direct that the con Whereas, It is provided by Section 4067 duct to be observed on the part of the of the Revised Statutes as follows: "When United States towards all natives, citizens, ever there is declared a war between the denizens or subjects of Germany, being United States and any foreign nation or males of the age of fourteen years and government, or any invasion or predatory upwards, who shall be within the United incursion is perpetrated, attempted or States and not actually naturalized, who threatened against the territory of the for the purpose of this proclamation and United States, by any foreign nation or under such sections of the Revised Statutes government, and the President makes pub are termed alien enemies, shall be as fol lic proclamation of the event, all natives, lows: citizens, denizens or subjects of the hostile All alien enemies are enjoined to pre nation or government, being males of the serve the peace towards the United States age of fourteen years and upwards, who and to refrain from crime against the pub shall be within the United States, and not lic safety and from violating the laws of actually naturalized, shall be liable to be the United States and of the States and apprehended, restrained, secured and re territories thereof, and to refrain from moved as alien enemies. The President is actual hostility or giving information, aid authorized, in any such event, by his proc or comfort to the enemies of the United lamation thereof, or other public act, to States, and to comply strictly with the direct the conduct to be observed, on the regulations which are hereby or which may part of the United States, towards the be from time to time promulgated by the aliens who become so liable; the manner President; and so long as they shall con and degree of the restraint to which they duct themselves in accordance with law shall be subject, and in what cases, and they shall be undisturbed in the peaceful upon what security their residence shall pursuit of their lives and occupations and be permitted, and to provide for the re be accorded the consideration due to all moval of those who not being permitted peaceful and law-abiding persons, except to reside within the United States, refuse so far as restrictions may be necessary for or neglect to depart therefrom; and to their own protection and for the. safety of establish any such regulations which are the United States; and towards such alien found necessary in the premises and for enemies as conduct themselves in accord the public safety." ance with law, all citizens of the United Whereas, By Sections 4068, 4069 and 4070 States are enjoined to preserve the peace of the Revised Statutes further provision and to treat them with all such friendliness is made relative to alien enemies. as may be compatible with loyalty and Now, therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, allegiance to the United States. President of the United States of America, And all alien enemies who fail to con do hereby proclaim to all whom it may duct themselves as so enjoined, in addition concern that a state of war exists between to all other penalties prescribed by law, the United States and the Imperial German shall be liable to restraint, or to give Government; and I do specially direct all security, or to remove and depart from the officers, civil or military, of the United United States in the manner prescribed by States that they exercise vigilance and Sections 4069 and 4070 of the Revised zeal in the discharge of the duties inci Statutes, and as prescribed in the regula dent to such a state of war: and I do, tions duly promulgated by the President. moreover, earnestly appeal to all American And pursuant to the authority vested in citizens that they, in loyal devotion to their me, I hereby declare and establish the fol country, dedicated from its foundation to lowing regulations which I find necessary the principles of liberty and justice, uphold in the premises and for the public safety: 1. An alien enemy shall not have in his any location designated by the President possession, at any time or place, any fire by executive order, and shall not remove arm, weapon or implement of war, or com therefrom without permit, or shall depart ponent part thereof, a1nmunition, m axim from the United States, if so required by or other silencer, b omb or explosive or the President. material used in the m a nufacture of ex 9. No alien enemy shall depart from the plosives. United Sta tes until he sha ll have received 2. An a lien enemy sha ll not have in his such permit as the President shall pre possession at any time or place, or use or scribe, or except under order of a court, operate, any aircraft or wireless apparatus, judge or justice under Sections 4069 a nd or any form of sig n a lling device, or any 4070 of the Revised Statutes. form of cipher code, or any paper, d ocu 10. No alien enemy shall land in or enter ment or book written or printed in cipher the United States, except under such re or in which there may be invisible writin~. strictions and at such places as the Presi 3. All property found in the possess ion dent m a y prescribe. of an alien enemy in viola tion of the f ore 11. If necessary, to prevent violations going regulations shall be subject to seizure of these regulations, all alien enemies will by the United States. be obliged to register. 4. An alien enemy shall not approach 12. An a lien enemy whom there may or be found within one-half of a mile of be reasonable cause to believe to be aiding any Federal or State fort, camp, arsenal, or about to aid the enemy, or who may be aircraft station, government or n a v al ves at large to the d a n g er of the public pea ce sel, navy yard, factory or workshop f or the or s afety, or who violates or attempts to manufacture of munitions of w a r or of any viola te, or of whom there is reasonable products for the use of the Army or N a vy. ground to believe that he is about to vio 5. An alien enemy shall not write, print late a ny regulation duly promulg·ated by or publish any attack or threa ts a ~ainst the President, or any criminal law of the the Government or Cong ress of the United United States or the Sta tes or territories States, or either branch thereof, or against thereof, will be subject to summa ry arrest the measures or policy of the United States, by the United Sta tes marshal or his deputy or against the person or property of any or such other officers as the President sha ll person in the military, n a val or civil s erv desig nate, and to confinement in such peni ice of the United States or of the States tentiary, prison, jail, military camp or other or territories, or of the District of Columbia, pla ce of detention as m a y be directed by or of the municipal governments therein. the President. 6. An alien enemy shall not commit or This proclamation and the regulations abet any hostile act against the United herein contained sha ll extend and apply States or give informa tion, aid or comfort to a ll la nd and water, continental or in to its enemies. sular, in any way within the jurisdiction 7. An alien enemy shall not reside in of the United States. or continue to reside in or to enter any In witness whereof, I h ave hereunto set locality which the President m a y from time my hand and caused the seal of the United to time desig nate by executive order as a States to be affixed. prohibited area, in which residence by an Done a t the City of Washing ton, this alien enemy sha ll be found by him tQ con sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord stitute a danger to the public peace and one thou sand n ine hundred and seventeen. safety of the United States, except by per and of the independence of the United mit from the Pres ident a nd except under States the one hundred and forty-first. such limitations or r estrictions as the President may prescribe. 8. An alien enemy whom the President shall have reasonable ca u >e to believe tQ be aiding or a bout to aid the enemy, or to be at larg e to the d an g er of the public By the President: peace and s a fety of the United States, or to have violated or to be about to violate ROBERT LANSING, any of these regulations, shall remove to Secreta ry of State.
) ' War Resolution Passed by Senate
The resolution declaring that a state of Action in the San:otte came a few minutes war exists between the United Sta tes and after 11 o'clock, at the close of a deba te the Imperia l German Government was that had lasted continuously since 10 passed in the Senate on Wednesday night, o'clock in the morning. April 4, 1917. Text of the Resolution Whe1·eas, The Imperial German Govern States is hereby formally declared; and ment has committed repeated acts of war that the President be, and he is hereby, against the Government and the people of authorized and directed to employ the en the United States of America: therefore tire naval and military forces of the United be it States and the rescurces of the Government Resolved by the Senate and House of to carry on war against the Imperial Ger R epresentatives of the United States of man Government; and to bring the conflict America in Congress Assembled, That the to a successful termination, all of the re state of war between the United States and sources of the country are hereby pledged the I mperial German Government which by the Congress of the United States. has thus been thrust upon the United The vote was as follows:
For the Resolution
J)E;.\lO(' LL\.'J'S. Joseph r_r. Hohinson, Arkansas .T os. S. Freling-hu.''Ren, New Jersey \Yiiiard Sanlsbtu·~·. J'elaware .Jacob II.fiallinger. l\ew Hampshire Ilenr.v 1•'. Asbu1·st, Arizona .fohn D'. Shafroth, Colorado Frederick Hale. ;\Jaine .l. C' . \Y . Beckham, Kentueky ;\[OJTis Sheppard, Texas \Yarren Cl. H arding. Ohio Hobe1·t 1<'. Brous~a1·d. Louisiana .John K. Shields, Tennessee I l'i ram .Johnson, C'a lifornin (;eorg-e 1 ~ . Chamberlain. 01·cgon F. ;\J. Simmon:, North Carolina Wesley L . .Tones, Washington Charles A. Culberson, 'l'ex3s ;\lnrcns A. Smith, Arizona l•'nHlk B. Kellogg, ;\Iinnesotu llunean \Y. Fletcher, !~lorida I [okc Smith. Oeorgia William R. Kenyon. Iowa <;. Peter
Against the Resolution
DE~lOCH.\TS. H>!PURT~IC.\XS.
Harry L~ne. Oregon Asle .T. Gmnna. l\orth T!alwtn Wtlliam :r. Stone. ~Iissou1·i Hobert i\1. LaFolletle. Wisconsin James K. Ya1·daman, ~li ss i ssippi f:eot·ge \Y. :\'orris. Xeb1·aska Total against the resolution, 6.
Not Voting or Paired
DE~Il)CIL\'l'S. BPn.i. H. Tillman, Sonlh Cnrolina Charles S. Thomas, Colorado John If. Bankhead. Alabama Thomns P. Gore, Oklahoma REPl'llLIC.IXS. P'rancis H. XPwlnnds. XeYacl1 Xathnn (;orr. \Ypst Yil·ginia .John \Y alte1· Rmith, 1Inl·.l·lancl llenry '1'. IIollis, New Hamsphirc Total, 8. House Adopts Resolution
The war resolution passed the House jected all amendments, including proposals shortly after 3 o'clock Friday morning , to prohibit the sending of a ny troops over· April 6, 191 7, after an all day and n ig ht seas wit hout Cong ressional authority. deba te. Without r oll calls, the House re- The v ote was as follow s:
For the Resolution
DEliOCRATS. Rufus llarcly, Texas Ashton C. Shallenberge•·, Nebras ka Byron P. Harrison, Mississippi Swaga•· Sherley, Kentucky \Yilllam C. Adamson, Georgia T. \V. Harrison, Virginia .Jouett Shouse, Kansas Joshua W. Alexander, ~lissom·! Wm. \\'. Hastings, Oklahoma 'l'hetus W. Sims, Tennessee William A. Ashbrook, Ohio Carl llaydeu, Arizona Thomas L". Sisson, :lllsslsslppl .James B. Aswell, Louisiana J. Thomas Ilellln, Alabama .Jame L. Slayden, Texas William A. Ayres, Kansas Harvey Helm, Kentucky John II. Small, No1·th Ca•·olina Alben W. Barkley, Kentucky Guy 'l'. Ilelvering, Kansas Charles B. Smith, l\ew Yo•·k llem·y A. Barnhart, I ndiana Edward E. Holland, Vil·ginia John S. Snook, Ohio Els. R. Bathrick, Ohio George E. Hood, North Carolina Lienry B. Steagall, Alabama Thomas M. Bell, Georgia \Ym. C. Houston, Tennessee Chas. ~I . Stedman North Caroltna Eugene Black, Texas \Yilliam S. Howard, Georgia Uenry .T . Steele, i •ennsylvanla !~reel L. Blackmon, Alabama George Huclclleston, Alabama Dan V . Stephens, Nebraska William B. Bankhead, Alabama Murray Hulbert, New York llubert D . Stephens, Mississippi Thomas L Blanton Texas Cordell Hull, 'l'ennessee Bruce F. Sterling, Pennsylvania Charles F." Booher, ·~lissom·! Benj. G. Humph•·eys, :llississlppi Wm. F. Stevenson, South C'aroltna William P. Borland, ~lissom·i llenclerson i\l. Jacowa.v, Arkansas Chris. D. Sullivan, New York Charles LI. Brand, Georgia Ben Johnson, Kentucky llatton W. Sumners, Texas A. W. Brodbeck, l'ennsylvania dlarvin .Tones, Texas l'eter F. '£ague, ~lassach u etts llenry Bmckner, New York William A. Jones, VIrginia .J. Fred C. Talbott, Maryland Clement Brumbaugh, Ohio Waite•· Kehoe, b'lorida Edward '1'. Taylo1·. Colorado James P. Buchanan, Texas ~f. Clyde Kelly, Pennsylvania am M. Taylor, Arkansas Jas. F . Bymes, South Carolina William Kettner, California R. Y. Thomas, .Jr., Kentucky Joseph W. Byrns, Tennessee John A. Ee.v. Ohio Joseph B. Thompson, Oklahoma Chas. Pope Caldwell, New York David II. Kincheloe, Kentucky John N. Tillman, Arkansas Guy E . Campbell, Pennsylvania F. II. La Uuarclia, New York W. W. Yenable, ~lississippi E. S. Candler, Jr., Mississippi .Tohn W. Langley, Kentucky Carl Vinson. Georgia .James C. Cantrill, Kentucky W. \\". Larsen, Ueorgia J . Randall Walker. Georgia Thaddeus H. Caraway'yArkansas Laclislas Lazaro, Louisiana \\'. B. \Yalton, New ~Iexico .John F. Carew, New 7 0rk ('larence F. Lea, California .John 'f. Watkins, Louisiana Charles C. Carlin, Yirginla John Y. Lesher, Pennsylvania \\"a lter A. Watson, VIrginia Charles D. Carter, Oklahoma Aslnu·y F. Lever, South Carolina Jleb Weaver, North Camllna Frank Clark, Florida .J. Charles Linthicum, Maryland ~ !. H. Welling, Utah Horatio C. Claypool, Ohio A. B. Littlepage, West Virginia Benjamin ~' . Welty, Ohio Ch• riPs P. C'oacly, Maryland Chal"les 0. Lobeck, Nebraska RichardS. Whaley, South Caroli na .James W. Collier, l\flsslsslppl Augustine Lonergan, Connecticut George White, Ohio Tom Connally, Texas George R. Lnnn, New York .Tames C. Wilson, Texn• William E. ('ox. Indiana James McAndrews, Illinois IWey J. Wilson, Louisiana Charles R. Crisp, Georgia James V. ~lcCiintic, Oklahoma Otis Wingo. Arkans:ls Hohert ('rosse•·. Oblo T. D. McKeown, Oklahoma .Tames W. Wise, Georgia llarry H. Dale, New York .James 1'. ~aher, Kew Yo•·k .James Young, Texas S. llubert Dent, Jr. Alabama J. J. Mansfield, Texas George K. Denton, Indiana Charles Martin, Illinois HEPUDLl CA :< S. Arthur G. Dewalt, Pennsylvania Wbitemell P. Martin, Louisiana Sydney Ande•·son, ;\linnesota Clement C. Dickinson, ~lissom·! .James II. ~l ays, Ltah Daniel R. Anthony, .Jr., Kansas Martin Dies, •.rexas Andrew J. :llontague, VIrginia Hlchard W. Austin, Tennessee Lincoln Dixon, Indiana John A. :lloon, Tennessee Isaac Bacharach, C'lew Jersey Peter J . Dooling, New Yo•·k :11. ~I. Neely, West VIrginia Oscar E. Bland, Indiana Dudley Doolittle, Kansas Sam J. Nicholls, South Ca•·ollna r.eo. ~L Bo,Yers, \Yest Ylrglnl& l•'mnk E. Doremus, Mlcblgan William A. Oldfield, A•·ko.nsas \Ym ..J. Browning, :\'ew .Jersey R. L. Doughton, North Camllna Daniel C. Oliver, New York Thomas S. Butler, Pennsylvania II . .T. Drane, Florida \Vil liam B. Oliver, Alabama l'hilip P. Campbell, Kansas fl. (;arlancl Dupre, Louisiana Richard Olney 2c1, i\lassachusctts .Joseph G. Cannon, Illinois .John J. Eagan. Kew .TersPy G. F. O"Shaunessy, Rhode Island William II. Carter, Massachusetts .1oe II. Eagle, •.rexas Arthur W. Overmyer, Ohio 'f. A. Chandle•·. Oklahoma Albert Estoplnal, Louisiana .Tames " '· Overstreet, GeorgiA Walter M. Chandler. New York .John ~1. Evans, ~Iontana Lemuel P. Padgett, Tennessee llenry A. Clark, Pennsylvania Scott Ferris, Oklahoma F'rank Park Georo-ia. David G. Clas on, Wisconsin Hubert Fisher, Tennessee :lllchael F. 'Pbeta.f, Massachusetts D. V\. Comstock, Indiana .fohn J. Fitzgerald. New York Albert L. Polk, Delaware ~chvard Coope1·, "'e ·t Yirginia llemy D. Flood, \"irglnia Edward W. Pou, :s'o•·th Carolina John G. Cooper. Ohio .roseph Y. Flynn, New York .Jesse D. Price, Marylancl Ira C. Copley, Illinois ~!arlin D. Foster. Illinois l'e•·cy E. Quin, ~Iississippl l'eter E. Costello, l'ennsylvanla Thomas Gallagher. Illinois .T. \\". Hagsclale, South Carolina Thomas S. Crago, Pennsylvania .Tames A. Gallivan. ~Iassachusetts Henry '1'. Rainey, Illinois Louis C. Crampton, ~llchigan llarry L. Gandy. South Dakota .John E. Raker, California Charles F. Cun)•, California Warren Gard, Ohio Sam Rayburn, Texas Gilbert R. Cunie, Michigan .Tohn N. Garner. •rexas Daniel .T. ltiordan, New York Porter I-I . Dale, Vermont Daniel E. Garrett. Texas L. D. Robinson, North Ca•·ollna l~. W. Dallinger. ~Iassachusetts Finis J. Garrett, Tennessee 1\lilton A. Romjue, Missouri George P. Danow, Pennsylvan ia ('arter Glass, Virginia Arthur B. House, Kentucky S. Wallace Dempsey, New York fT . L. Godwin, North Carolina Thomas L. Rubey, Missomi Ed\Yarcl E . Denison, Illinois William S. Goodwin, At·kansas William \Y. Rucl H EI'I' HLI C.\~ s - Continued. Edgar R. Kless, Pennsylvania Rollin B. Sanford, :-lew York :\Illton Krauss, Indiana Frank D. Scott, )!ichlgan Llenry I. Emerson, Ohio Aaron S. Kreider, Pennsylvania Ueorge t:>. Scott, Iowa Benj, L. Fairchild, New York Fred'k R. Lehlbach, :-lew Jersey .T obn R. K. Scott, Pennsylvania George W. Fairchild, New York Irvine L. Lenroot, Wisconsin Sam R. Sells, Tennessee L. W . l~airtield, l ndiana :- Against the Resolution DEMOCI Not Voting or Paired DE,!OCH,\'l'S. REP LT HL I C.-\:-; S . William .T. Fields, Kentucky 0. B. Bleakley, l'~nnsylvanla (;or·don Lee. Georgia .fohn II. Caps! ick. Xew .Jersey Edwin Y. \\'ebb, ).Torti! Carolina llenr.v T. 11elgesen. :-lorth Dakota Ebenezer ,J. !Till, Connecticut Jacob E. ;\Ieeker, Missom·l Caleb Powers, Ken lucky Total, 9.