TESIS Para Obtener El Título De: Licenciado En Geografía Presenta

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TESIS Para Obtener El Título De: Licenciado En Geografía Presenta UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA Análisis de la Distribución de la mortalidad materna en el estado de México en el año 2010 TESIS Para obtener el título de: Licenciado en Geografía Presenta: Erick Cruz Marmolejo Generación 2011-2016 Asesor Dra. Marcela Virginia Santana Juárez Revisores: Dr. Agustín Olmos Cruz Dra. Giovanna Santana Castañeda Toluca, México Julio de 2018 1 AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a dios, por haberme dado la paciencia el conocimiento y las herramientas para culminar de manera satisfactoria mis estudios profesionales, por haber puesto en mí camino a las personas ideales en cada momento, por demostrarme que por muy difícil que parezca el camino nunca me dejara solo. A mis padres que son mi ejemplo a seguir, estaré eternamente agradecido con ustedes por confiar y creer en mí ciegamente a pesar de los tropiezos que tuve en el camino, gracias a su ardua tarea de inculcarme valores y principios he podido cumplir una de mis metas más importantes, con respeto y amor agradezco su apoyo incondicional sin ustedes esta etapa de mi vida no hubiera sido posible. A mis hermanos, ustedes fueron una pieza fundamental en mi desarrollo personal, gracias por sus consejos, por estar ahí cuando los necesite, con ustedes he pasado muchos momentos memorables de mi vida es por ello que ustedes deben ser partes de este logro que me llena tanto de alegría. A todos mis maestros que me dieron las herramientas necesarias para poder enfrentar la vida laboral con la frente en alto, gracias por su incansable labor en las aulas y fuera de ellas, por el tiempo que han dedicado a la enseñanza y formación de alumnos que puedan ayudar a nuestro país ser cada día mejor. Quiero agradecer a mis revisores que han atendido mis dudas con cordialidad y desinteresadamente Dra. Giovanna, Dr. Agustín, en especial a mi asesora Dra. Virginia quien siempre tuvo tiempo y la amabilidad para atenderme, gracias a ella el camino fue más fácil por ultimo pero no menos importante agradezco a Viviana Sandoval gracias por tu apoyo sin condiciones, eres pieza fundamental para la culminación de este logro. 2 INDICE Introducción ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Objetivos ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Importancia ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Universo de estudio ........................................................................................................................... 9 Metodología ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Fuentes de información ................................................................................................................... 13 Variables e indicadores ................................................................................................................... 14 Esquema metodológico ................................................................................................................... 15 Procesos y etapas............................................................................................................................ 16 CAPÍTULO I MARCO DE REFERENCIA .................................................................................... 20 1.1 Antecedentes internacionales......................................................................................... 21 1.2 Antecedentes nacionales ................................................................................................ 25 CAPITULO II CONSIDERACIONES TEÓRICAS ....................................................................... 30 2.1 Teorías de transición ............................................................................................................. 31 La transición epidemiológica .................................................................................................. 31 La transición epidemiológica en américa latina ................................................................... 32 Teoría de la transición demográfica ...................................................................................... 35 Teoría de la regionalización .................................................................................................... 36 Teoría de la transición de la salud ......................................................................................... 37 2.2 Geografía de la salud ............................................................................................................ 38 Geografía .................................................................................................................................. 38 Principios geográficos.............................................................................................................. 39 Definiciones geográficas ......................................................................................................... 39 Geografía médica ..................................................................................................................... 40 Epistemología de la geografía de la salud ............................................................................ 43 La moderna geografía de la salud y las tecnologías de información geográfica ............. 44 La geografía de la salud materna y neonatal ....................................................................... 46 Mortalidad y morbilidad ........................................................................................................... 51 Mortalidad materna .................................................................................................................. 52 Factores sociales que influyen en la mortalidad materna................................................... 53 CAPITULO III RESULTADOS ....................................................................................................... 61 3.1 Distribución espacial de la mortalidad materna en el estado de México por región en el periodo 2010-2015. .......................................................................................................................... 63 3.2 Distribución de las tasas de mortalidad materna en el estado de México en el año 2010. ............................................................................................................................................................ 84 3.3 Distribución espacial de la mortalidad materna, por grupos de edad en el estado de México, en el año 2010 ................................................................................................................... 90 3 3.4 Principales factores que influyen en la mortalidad materna, en el estado de México, en el año 2010. .......................................................................................................................................... 99 3.5 Causas más frecuentes de la mortalidad materna en el estado de México, en el año 2010 ................................................................................................................................................. 110 Conclusiones .................................................................................................................................. 115 Bibliografía ...................................................................................................................................... 119 Anexos ............................................................................................................................................. 121 ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1.1 Regiones del Estado de México 2010…………………………………………………………………… 10 Figura 2.1 Evolución de Geografía de la Salud………………………………………………………………………. 50 Figura 3.1 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 región I Amecameca…………………………………………….. 64 Figura 3.2 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 región II Atlacomulco……………………………………………. 65 Figura 3.3 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región III Chimalhuacán……………………………………….. 67 Figura 3.4 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región IV Cuautitlán Izcalli…………………………………… 68 Figura 3.5 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región V Ecatepec………………………………………………… 69 Figura 3.6 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región VI Ixtapan de la Sal……………………………………. 71 Figura 3.7 Dinámica de Mortalidad Materna 2010-2015 Región VII Lerma…………………………… 72 Figura 3.8 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 2015 Región VIII Naucalpan………………………………….. 73 Figura 3.9 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región IX Nezahualcóyotl…………………………………….. 74 Figura 3.10 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región X Tejupilco………………………………………………… 75 Figura 3.11 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región XI Texcoco………………………………………………… 76 Figura 3.12 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región XII Tlalnepantla…………………………………………. 77 Figura 3.13 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región XIII Toluca…………………………………………………. 79 Figura 3.14 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región XIV Tultitlán……………………………………………… 80 Figura 3.15 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región XV Valle de Bravo……………………………………… 81 Figura 3.16 Muertes maternas 2010-2015 Región XVI Zumpango………………………………………….. 82 Figura 3.17 Total de muertes maternas en el estado de México en el periodo 2010-2015……… 83 Figura 3.18 Estado de México. Tasas de mortalidad materna por municipio por 100,000………. 89 Figura 3.19 Estado de México.
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