IARPotHP International Association for Research on Pottery of the e. V.

TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS Tracking the Development of Pottery from the Late Classical to the Early Imperial Periods

Edited by Sarah Japp and Patricia Kögler

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Wien 2016 IARPotHP International Association for Research on Pottery of the Hellenistic Period e. V.

Volume 1

TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS Tracking the Development of Pottery from the Late Classical to the Early Imperial Periods Proceedings of the 1st Conference of IARPotHP Berlin, November 2013, 7th – 10th

Edited by Sarah Japp and Patricia Kögler

Associate editors Renate Rosenthal-Heginbottom and Wolf Rudolph

Wien 2016 Publications of IARPotHP e.V.

TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS Tracking the Development of Pottery from the Late Classical to the Early Imperial Periods 538 pages, 107 black and white illustrations, 119 color illustrations, 11 tables, 11 graphs © IARPotHP e.V. and the individual authors All rights reserved Editors in chief: Sarah Japp and Patricia Kögler Language editors: Renate Rosenthal-Heginbottom and Wolf Rudolph Text design and layout by Sarah Japp and Patricia Kögler (www.wispdok.de) Layout and design of illustrations by Sarah Japp, Patricia Kögler and the individual authors Cover design by Zoi Kotitsa Manuscript preparation, citations and abbreviations follow the Style Sheet of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI, 2015). Contents and illustration permissions (drawings, photos, reproductions and graphs) are the responsibility of the individual authors.

Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de.

Phoibos Verlag, 1050 Wien, Österreich www.phoibos.at; [email protected] Printed in the EU ISBN 978-3-85161-160-1 (printed edition) E-book: ISBN 978-3-85161-161-8 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.7337/851611618 Dedicated to the memory of

Pia Guldager Bilde (*Febr. 11th, 1961 – †Jan. 10th, 2013)

Founding member and first secretary of IARPotHP e.V.

Pia Guldager Bilde, March 2009, Sandbjerg Manor House, Denmark (© Photo by Udo Schlotzhauer) Hellenistic Black Glazed Pottery from Panticapaeum

Tatiana Egorova

Vessels of the Hellenistic period constitute about half of all finds of Black Glazed pottery from Panticapaeum in the eastern - more than 450 pieces in total. These finds, gathered in the course of many years of exploration (from 1945 to 1992) in the central part of the settlement, are kept in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Only part1 of them was described and published while the bulk of the collection remains unpublished . Most of the finds date back to the period from the last quarter of the 4th to the middle of the 3rd century BC. There are, however, some items from the second half of the 3rd to the first half Drinkingof the 2nd cupscentury. Most of the represented shapes are fragmentary.

fig. 1, 1 About 12 % of all finds from the complexes with Black Glazed pottery are drinking cups ( ), which is uncommon for sites located on the northern2 Black Sea coast. Usually finds of this kind constitute about 25–30 % of items discovered . At the moment, we have no explanation for this phenomenon. A possible assumption is that the layers dating from the end of the 4t to the beginning of the 3rd century BC, in which, as a rule, the number of drinking cup fragments, especially kantharoi, is much more significant, were destroyed and replaced due to reconstruction. However, there are a large number of other forms typical for this period in our collection. A certain percentage of drinking cups represents the shapes that were most typical during the Classical period. Their production was reduced significantly and after a while completely terminated in the Hellenistic period. This group of finds includes twofig. 1,types 2–3 of drinking cup fragments. First, there are fragments of skyphoi of Attic and Corinthian type dating from the last quarter offig. the 1, 4th4–5 and the first quarter of the 3rd century3 BC ( ). Second, there are cup-kantharoi with plain and moulded rim, dating not later than the last years of the 4th century ( ). All of them are of Attic production . Surprisingly small numbers of kantharoi were revealed in the early Hellenistic layers. It can be assumed that in the second half of the 4th century BC they may have been at least partially substituted by cup-kantharoi because of their sufficient number. Indeed, cup-kantharoi have a fairly large percentage in their chronological niche. We noted already that in the north-western 1 23 Zabelina 1984, 133–152; Zabelina 1992, 284–297. Hannestad et al. 2002, 132–137; Morgan 2004, fig. 12; Egorova 2009, 72–73. Similar Skyphos: Sparkes – Talcott 1970, 258 no. 327 fig. 4; Edwards 1975, 96 no. 313 pl. 13; Rotroff 1997, 258 no. 152. 155 fig. 12; Egorova 2009, 94; 99 no. 103; 150 fig. 11. Similar Cup-kantharos: Sparkes – Talcott 1970, 285 no. 684 fig. 7; Petit 1995, no. 3 fig. 8; Rotroff 1997, 250 no. 81–83 fig. 7; Knigge 2005, 171; 217; 229 no. 453. 853. 988 fig. 36. 37; Egorova 2009, 95 no. 115 fig. 9. 518 Tatiana Egorova

4 Crimea the number of cup-kantharoi is much higher in urban than in rural settlements . In this case, if we compare the findings of Black Glazed pottery from Panticapaeum5 fig. and 1, 6–8 from farmstead complexes of the Crimean Azov littoral, we can see the same situation . Classical kantharoi are represented by two major types: moulded rim and plain rim ( ). Finds of the first type are twice as many as those of the second. This is a typicalfig. situation 1, 9 for the northern Black Sea settlements. All discovered kantharoi except one are of Attic production. The differing one is extremely pointed and has a rough ribbed lower body ( ). Despite its good production quality which makes it look Attic, a non-Attic production can be assumed. Moreover, the same form can be6 seen in the published material from that dates back to the first half of the 3rd century . fig. 1, 12 The situation is similar with the fragments of Hellenistic kantharoi. They are few and7 only one of them is non-Attic: a fig.Pergamenian 1, 10–11 cup from the middle of the 2nd BC ( ) . The Attic ones are represented by two types: straight8 walls and baggy from the first and thefig. third 1, 13–14 quarter of the 3rd century BC ( ) . It is interesting that there are some fragments of bolster-cups in our collection ( ). According to S. I. Rotroff, such cups were produced in for a very short time in9 the early Hellenistic period and their production was most likely limited to a single workshop . However,10 they can now and again be found in the various layers of the Hellenistic sites in the Crimea . This fact may indicate that the productionfig. of1, this15–16 workshop reached the northern Black Sea region. And finally, the so-called Knidian cups ( 11). This type is represented by fragments from only, dating from the 2nd century BC . Two of these fragments have West Slope Otherdecoration. vessels for wine service

Among the dishes for wine and water the finds of West Slope amphorae should be noted. There are about ten pieces of Attic and Pergamenian production. All examples of Attic amphorae date from the second quarter to the end of the 3rd century BC. Thefig. main2, 1–2 motifs of painting are myrtle garlands and spearhead-necklaces with ties atfig. the 2, ends 3–5 on the neck,12 checkerboard and alternating panels of concentric rectangles on the shoulder ( ) . Pergamenian examples date back to the middle of the 2nd century BC ( ). Their Pergamenian origin is revealed by the characteristic shape of handles, hinges where preserved (they are flat), also, if preserved, the form of the rim, and, of course, a very distinctive13 ornament on the neck. This ornament has a very close analogy in the materials of Istria . One of the few objects that survived relatively intact is the Attic West Slopefig. 2, oinochoe,6 characterized by overpainted designs in orange and white: checkerboard and alternating panels of concentric rectangles on the shoulder and ivy garlands on the 14neck ( ). It has parallels in the Attic pottery of the second quarter of the 3rd century BC . 4 5 Egorova 2009, 79. Maslennikov 1997, 114–115; Maslennikov 2008, 433–435; Maslennikov 2010, 386; Maslennikov 2012, 6 165–199. 7 Edwards 1975, 74 no. 376 pl. 14. 8 Similar: Schäfer 1968, D29. D30 pl. 11; Behr 1988, 134. 135 no. 32 fig. 9. 9 Rotroff 1997, 269 no. 261 fig. 17; Andreiomenou 1998, 171. 185 fig. 27. 10 Rotroff 1997, 96. Levi 1940, 120 no. 4 pl. 20; Brashinsky 1980, 246 no. 12 pl. 38; Lantsov 1994, 82. 83 fig. 7; Hannestad et 11 al. 2002, 139 В101; Egorova 2009, 31–32. Alexandrescu 1966, 194 no. 37 pl. 95; Behr 1988, 161. 165 no. 82 fig. 19; Rotroff 1997, 399 no. 1576 12 pl. 96. 13 Rotroff 1997, 286–287 no. 410; 417 fig. 24. 26. Behr 1988, 169–171 fig. 21; Hayes 1991, 192 no. 79; Kögler 2010, 614 Imp. 76 pl. 68; Lungu 2013, 286 14 Aр2 pl. 2. Rotroff 1991, 76 no. 34; Rotroff 1997, 292. 293 no. 460–463 fig. 34 pl. 46. IARPotHP - 1 Hellenistic Black Glazed Pottery from Panticapaeum 519 Vessels for food service

fig. 1, 1 Vessels for food service are much more numerous. Different types of them constitute about 79 % of the total number of Black Glazedfig. 3, pottery 2–4 ( ). Among them plates with rolled rim are the largest in number. There are 110 exemplars from the third quarter of the 4th to the third quarter of the 2nd century ( ). This is a significant sampling to lay ground for reasoning about tendencies in product delivery, preferences etc. The plates with rolled rim appeared here first in the third quarter of the15 4th century BC, while in Attica its production started in the beginningfig. 3, of 1 the 4th century BC . The number of plates with rolled rim increases sharply by the end of the 4th century and later gradually decreased from the second quarter of the 3rd century ( ). This process is in line with the general economic situation in the region. The plates with rolled rim are an ordinary andfig. well-known 3, 5–7 shape. Two-thirds of the plates are decorated with stamped ornament in a fairly simple pattern: palmettes, often connected by arches with rouletting or only rouletting ( ). Besides, from the beginning of the 3rd century the share of ornamented plates gradually declined, decreasing from 70 to 20 % by the end of thefig. century. 3, 8–9 The ornament itself got simplified. Four plates represent the combination of elements of rolled rim plates and fish plates, particularly a deepening in the middle of the lower part ( ). All of them are decorated by the simple stamped ornamentation: four palmettes with rouletting or only rouletting. The closest known analogies can be seen among the products of the Pergamon16 workshops dating back to the second half of the 3rd to the first half of the 2nd century BC . At the same time plates with a similar configuration of the rim17 but without the central depression were made in Attica and in different places in Asia Minor . During all this period and even later, stamping18 was also applied to a number of Pergamenian fish-plates around the central19 depression . These were also present in Attica among imports in contexts until 150 BC . fig. 3, 10 There20 are much fewer finds of fish-plates and other plates (dishes with offset rimfig. and 3, 11–12upturned rim) . Predominantly Attic imports were typical until the end of the 3rd century ( 21). With the turn of the 3rd to the 2nd century the Pergamenianfig. 3, 13 ones appeared ( ) . One fragmented fish-plate has close analogies to productions22 in the workshops of (presumably) in the firstfig. half3, 14 of the 2nd century BC ( ) . One fragment of an Attic saucer from the beginning of the 2nd century is23 very interesting because of its shape ( ), uncommon on the northern Black Sea sites . One-handlers did not become very24 popular in the Crimea, even in the 4th century, when their popularity peaked in Attica25 . However, each site usually has afig. small 3, 15–16percentage of one- handlers in the Hellenistic layers . In our case there were only about six Attic ones 26dating back to the last quarter of the 4th to the beginning of the 3rd century BC ( ) .

15 16 Sparkes – Talcott 1970, 147. Gassner 1997, no. 95 pl. 6; Rotroff 1997, 417 no. 1715. 1716 pl. 136; Japp 2009, 225. 227 no. 59 fig. 6; 17 Kögler 2010, 447 D.58 pl. 8. 18 Rotroff 1997, 311 no. 675. 676 fig. 47. 19 Gassner 1997, no. 92 pl. 5.

20 Rotroff 1997, 417 no. 1715. 1716 pl. 136. 21 Similar shapes of fish-plate: Rotroff 1997, 316 no. 709–730 fig. 51; Egorova 2009, 142 no. 490 fig. 29. 22 The closest analogy: Drogou – Toupatsoglou 1990, В+II 21 fig. 51; Hayes 1991, no. 11 fig. 43. 23 Heimberg 1982, 138 no. 382 pl. 17. 24 Rotroff 1997, 319 no. 748 fig. 52. 25 Sparkes – Talcott 1970, 126; Rotroff 1997, 155–156. Melukova 1975, 188. 243 fig. 45; Rogov – Tunkina 1998, 166 fig. 4; Danilchenko 2000, 221 fig. 2; 26 Hannestad et al. 2002, 130 pl. 64; Egorova 2009, 39–40; Maslennikov 2012, 169. 194. Similar shapes: Sparkеs – Talcott 1970, 289 no. 769 fig. 8; Rotroff 1997, 329 no. 856. 858. 859 fig. 58; TraditionsKnigge and 2005 Innovations, 129; 176; 198 no. 466. 565. 671 fig. 42. 520 Tatiana Egorova

The bowls with outturned rim are represented27 in two fig. varieties: 4, 1 Classical and Hellenistic according to S. I. Rotroff’s classification . The dynamics of their arrival in Panticapaeum is practically identical to that of the plates with rolled rim ( ). It is marked by the same decrease in the supply in the secondfig. quarter4, 2 of the28 3rd century BC that is seen for all forms of Black Glazed pottery from Crimean settlements . Bowls of the Classical type are much more numerous fig.than 4, Hellenistic 4–6 ones ( 29 ). They date from the third quarter of the 4th to the third quarter of the 3rd century BC . All of them are of Attic production. Stamped decoration is simple ( ). There are four main types: four palmettes closely grouped in the centre or around it within rouletting (the most common pattern); a more complex combination of five to eight alternately linked palmettes within rouletting, sometimes around the central circle; four closely grouped palmettes; only rouletting. With one exception incised arches were not seen on the finds from the first quarter of the 3rd century BC. But there are many with simple rouletting. Often the ornament is applied so carelessly that it is possible to define the sequence of application of ornamental elements that overlapfig. each 4, 3 other. This sequence was one and the same in all cases: rouletting, then palmettes, then arches. Bowls of the Hellenistic type (a simpler version of bowls)30 are not very numerous ( ). A similar situation is typical for31 the north-western Crimeafig.. Bowls4, 7–8 of this type were imported during the whole 3rd century . Shallow echinus bowls were less popular32 than those described above. All of them are from Attica, all have good analogies ( ) . They started to arrive episodically in Panticapaeum in the second quarter of the 4th century BC. The majority occurred in the early Hellenistic period and ended in the middle of the 3rd century. The main portion has stamped decoration with the same motifs.fig. 4, 9 33 Deep echinus bowlsfig. are 4, 10traditionally few. They are represented mainly in fragments, with a few exceptions ( ) , therefore the dating is difficult. One of them has an unusual formfig. 4, of 11– the 12rim – rolled rim ( ). The clay is similar to that of Attic vessels. There are quite a lot of small bowls.fig. First 4, 13–14 of all, there are echinus small bowls ( ). Probably they were used as saltcellars, but were less common than the latter. Also, there were small bowls with broad base ( ). Despite the fact that their production ended already in early Hellenism,34 there is a small number of them in the Hellenistic layers on sites of the northern Black Sea . In our collection we have fragments and whole forms, which date to about the35 last quarter of the 4th to the beginning of the 3rd century BC, according to the Attic analogies . Stamping was also applied on about half of them. There was only one motif: four closely grouped palmettes. fig. 4, 15–19 Saltcellars of different shapes were very popular at the end of the 4th to the first half of the 3rd century. We havefig. three 4, variants: 15 spool, concave wall and footed saltcellars ( ). Spool saltcellars are represented36 in one example dating from the end of the 4th to the beginning of the 3rd century ( ) . The concave wall type is the final stage of a development

27 28 Rotroff 1997, 156–157. 29 Egorova 2009, 76. Sparkеs – Talcott 1970, 293 no. 806 fig. 8; Miller 1974, 232 fig. 3 pl. 31; Mitsopoulos-Leon 1991, A20 fig. 5; Rotroff 1997, 328–331 no. 866–887 fig. 59; Knigge 2005, 198; 206 no. 673. 737 fig. 41; Egorova 2009, 30 101–103 no. 166. 172. 175 fig. 13. 31 Egorova 2009, 34. Metzger 1990, 128. 134 fig. 8; Rotroff 1997, 332–336 no. 905–918. 937. 941 fig. 60. 61; Еgorova 2009, 3233 110 no. 237 fig. 17. Rotroff 1997, 339 no. 967–979 fig. 62. 34 This one is dated to the end of the 4th century BC: Rotroff 1997, 340 no. 993 fig. 63. Alekseeva 1975, 35 fig. 4; Maslennikov 1997, 126; Rogov – Tunkina 1998, 169 fig. 4; Egorova 2005, 222; 35 Egorova 2009, 37–38. Sparkes – Talcott 1970, 229 no. 889 fig. 9; Rotroff 1983, 267 no. 5; Rotroff 1997, 345 no. 1051–1062 36 fig. 64; Knigge 2005, 177 no. 471 fig. 46. Rotroff 1997, 346 no. 1067 fig. 65. IARPotHP - 1 Hellenistic Black Glazed Pottery from Panticapaeum 521 fig. 4, 16–17 fig. 4, 18–19 37 of the form dating back to the second half of the 4th century ( ) . The biggest portion of the saltcellars consisted of the footed variant ( ). After the middle of the 3rd century BC following the end of their use in Attica neither saltcellars nor small bowls which functionally could replace saltcellars are found anymore despite the fact that in some centers in Asia Minor they still were produced.38 S. Rotroff explains this fact by changes in the tradition of cooking and eating in Attica . It could be presumed that in this respect the Bosporians followed them. fig. 5, 1 The guttus was used as container for oil. In our collection we have two Attic ones from the first part and the middle of the 3rd century BC ( ). These are painted with West Slope decoration, the motif is the ivy garland. It is interesting that a direct analogy for this39 form, size and even fig.painting 5, 2 motif can be found among the materials of the Athenian . Among the rare finds40 of note is the fragment of an Attic filter jug from the beginning of the 2nd Westcentury Slope ( decoration) . fig. 5, 3–12

The West Slope decoration ( ) shows little variation as it is the case with stamped ornaments. Most often occur floral garlands: ivy, sometimes with dot rosettes, olive, myrtle and palmettes that look like a lotus flower and grapevine with or without grapes, with a torch in one case. Typicalfig. 5, 3.for 7 all variants was that they were made in white and beige until the middle of the 3rd century, and scraped items appeared only later. Other natural objects include dolphins and birds ( ). Bird images are found41 only on non-Attic vessels, for example, in Corinth, in Levadia and in (there it is a dove) . In our case, according to ornithologists, it is a goose, but with wrong feet, that look like the feet of doves. Among the other motifs worth mentioning Conclusionare spearhead and charm necklaces, checkerboard/rectangles and waves.

The bulk of ceramic vessels was imported from Attica. Imports from Asia Minor appear only in the middle of the 3rd to the 2nd century BC, and the number of these pots is not great (no more than 10 %). This situation is different from that typical for other regions of the Crimea, where the share of non-Attic imports is more significant. As a result of statistical analysis done on a series of individual forms, the reduction in the number of finds of the Black Glazed pottery from the second quarter of the 3rd century BC was clearly revealed in all complexes. Such decrease is typical for all sites of the Crimea. There is a clear connection between this fact and the well- known historical events: Scythian raids that resulted in destruction and economic breakdown of many Greek settlements in the Crimea. And once again, I would like to point out the unusually small number of drinking cups in comparison with the other types of vessels. Tatiana Egorova [email protected] History Department of Moscow State University Moscow Lomonosov Prospect, 27, korp.4 (Shuvalovsky body) Russian Federation, 119991

37 38 Rotroff 1997, 346 no. 1066 fig. 65. 39 Rotroff 1997, 167. 40 Rotroff 1997, 353 no. 1146 fig. 71 pl. 83. 41 Similar: Rotroff 1997, 357 no. 1187 fig. 73. TraditionsEdwards and Innovations 1975, 23 no. 535 pl. 55; Alexandropoulou 2002, Ар5 pl. 5; Andreiomenou 1998, 189 fig. 50–51. 522 Tatiana Egorova BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alekseeva 1975 E. M. Alekseeva, Раскопки эллинистического дома в Горгиппии, Kratkie soobschenija instituta archeologii 143, 1975, 31–37 Alexandrescu 1966 P. Alexandrescu, La nécropole tumulaire, Histria 2 (Bucharest 1966) Alexandropoulou 2002 A. Alexandropoulou, Gnathia- und Westabhangkeramik. Eine vergleichende Betrachtung (Münster 2002) Andreiomenou 1998 A. Andreiomenou, Les nécropoles de Levadia et d’Akraiphia à l’époque hellénistique: une compa- raison, in: R. Frei-Stolba – K. Gex (eds.), Recherches récentes sur le monde hellénistique. Actes du colloque international organisé à l’occasion du 60e anniversaire de Pierre Ducrey Lausanne 20–21 novembre 1998 (Bern 1998) 155–190 Behr 1988 D. Behr, Neue Ergebnisse zur pergamenischen Westabhangkeramik, IstMitt 38, 1988, 97–178 Brashinsky 1980 I. B. Brashinsky, Греческий керамический импорт на Нижнем Дону в V–III вв. до н.э. (Leningrad 1980) Danilchenko 2000 S. A. Danilchenko, Чернолаковая аттическая керамика с поселения Козырка – II, in: V. Zuev (ed.), Συσσιτια. Pamiati Yu. V. Andreeva (St. Petersburg 2000) 217–222 Edwards 1975 G. R. Edwards, Corinthian Hellenistic Pottery, Corinth 7 (Princeton, NJ 1975) Egorova 2005 T. V. Egorova, Чернолаковые миски и солонки с городища “Чайка” близ г. Евпатории, Bosporskie issledovanija 8, 2005, 218–237 Egorova 2009 T. V. Egorova, Чернолаковая керамика IV–II вв. до н.э. с памятников Северо-Западного Крыма (Moscow 2009) Gassner 1997 V. Gassner, Das Südtor der Tetragonos-Agora. Keramik und Kleinfunde, FiE 13 (Vienna 1997) Hannestad et al. 2002 L. Hannestad – V. F. Stolba – A. N. Hastrup, Black-Glazed, Red-Figure, and Grey Ware Pottery, Pansko- ye 1, 1 The Monumental Building U6 (Aarhus 2002) 127–149 Hayes 1991 J. W. Hayes, Fine Wares in the Hellenistic World, in: T. Rasmussen – N. Spivey (eds.), Looking at Greek Vases (Cambridge 1991) 183–202 Heimberg 1982 U. Heimberg, Die Keramik des Kabirions, Das Kabirenheiligtum bei Theben 3 (Berlin 1982) Japp 2009 S. Japp, Archäometrisch-archäologische Untersuchungen an Keramik aus Pergamon und Umgebung, IstMitt 59, 2009, 193–268 Knigge 2005 U. Knigge, Der Bau Z, Kerameikos. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 17 (Munich 2005) Kögler 2010 P. Kögler Feinkeramik aus Knidos vom mittleren Hellenismus bis in die mittlere Kaiserzeit (ca. 200 v. Chr. bis 150 n. Chr.) (Wiesbaden 2010) Lantsov 1994 S. B. Lantsov, Античное поселение Ново-Федоровка и некоторые вопросы истории херсонесской хоры, in: V. A. Kutaisov (ed.), Severo-Zapadnyj Krym v antitschnuju epochu (Kiev 1994) 71–104 Levi 1940 E. I. Levi, Импортная греческая керамика из раскопок Ольвии (1935–1936гг.), Olvija 1 (Kiev 1940) IARPotHP - 1 Hellenistic Black Glazed Pottery from Panticapaeum 523

Lungu 2013 V. Lungu, La céramique de style west slope, Histria. Les résultats des fouilles 14 (Bucharest 2013) Maslennikov 1997 A. A. Maslennikov, Чернолаковая посуда с поселения Генеральское (западное), Problemy istorii, filologii I kultury 4, 1997, 112–129 Maslennikov 2008 A. A. Maslennikov, Чернолаковая посуда из раскопок поселения Бакланья скала, Drevnosti Bospora 12, 2008, 430–448 Maslennikov 2010 A. A. Maslennikov, Чернолаковая посуда с поселения Генеральское (западное), юго-западный склон, Drevnosti Bospora 14, 2010, 374–395 Maslennikov 2012 A. A. Maslennikov, Чернолаковая посуда с поселений «царской» хоры европейского Боспора, Drevnosti Bospora Suppl. 3, 2012, 165–199 Melukova 1975 A. I. Melukova, Поселение и могильник скифского времени у села Николаевка (Moscow 1975) Miller 1974 S. G. Miller, Menon’s cistern, Hesperia 43, 1974, 194–245 Mitsopoulos-Leon 1991 V. Mitsopoulos-Leon, Die Basilika am Staatsmarkt in Ephesos. Kleinfunde 1. Teil: Keramik hellenistischer und römischer Zeit, FiE 9, 2, 2 (Vienna 1991) Morgan 2004 C. Morgan, Attic Fine Pottery of the Archaic to Hellenistic Periods in , Phanagoria Studies 1 (Leiden 2004) Petit 1995 T. Petit, Remarques sur la céramique “subclassique” et hellénistique, à vernis noir et à engobe du “Palais” d`Amathonte, in: H. Meyza – J. Młynarczyk (eds.), Hellenistic and Roman Pottery in the Eastern Mediterranean. Advances in Scientific Studies. Acts of the 2. Nieborów Pottery Workshop Nieborów 18–20 December 1993 (Warsaw 1995) 277–285 Rogov – Tunkina 1998 E. Rogov – I. V. Tunkina, Расписная и чернолаковая керамика из некрополя Панское 1, Archeologitscheskie vesti 5, 1998, 159–175 Rotroff 1983 S. I. Rotroff, Three Cistern Systems on the Kolonos Agoraios, Hesperia 52, 1983, 257–297 Rotroff 1991 S. I. Rotroff, Attic West Slope Vase Painting, Hesperia 60, 1991, 59–102 Rotroff 1997 S. I. Rotroff, Hellenistic Pottery. Athenian and Imported Wheelmade Table Ware and Related Material, Agora 29 (Princeton, NJ 1997) Schäfer 1968 J. Schäfer, Hellenistische Keramik aus Pergamon, PF 2 (Berlin 1968) Sparkes – Talcott 1970 B. A. Sparkеs – L. Talcott, Black and Plain Pottery of the 6th, 5th, 4th cent. B.C., Agora 12 (Princeton, NJ 1970) Zabelina 1984 V. S. Zabelina, Эллинистическая импортная керамика из Пантикапея, Soobschenija The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts 7, 1984, 133–152 Zabelina 1992 V. S. Zabelina, Расписная керамика эллинистического времени из раскопок Пантикапея 1945– 1974гг., Сообщения ГМИИ им.А.С.Пушкина, Soobschenija The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts 10, 1992, 284–297

Traditions and Innovations 524 Tatiana Egorova

Fig. 1: Drinking cups: – 2. Skyphos of Corinthian type (325–300 BC); – 3. Skyphos of Attic type (300–275 BC); – 4–5. Cup-kantharos with plane and moulded rim (end of the 4th cent. BC); – 6–8. Classical kantharos (300–275 BC); – 9. Non-Attic kantharos (300– 250 BC); – 10. Hellenistic kantharos, baggy (250–225 BC); – 11. Hellenistic kantharos, straight walls (300–275 BC); – 12. Pergamon cup (ca. 150 BC); – 13–14. Bolster-cups (beginning of the 3rd cent. BC); – 15–16. Knidian cups (2nd cent. BC) (Drawings and photos by T. Egorova). IARPotHP - 1 Hellenistic Black Glazed Pottery from Panticapaeum 525 (middle of the 2nd century BC); – 6. Attic West Slope Oinochoe (275–250 BC) (Drawings and photos by T. Egorova). Egorova). T. by and photos Slope Oinochoe (275–250 BC) (Drawings West (middle of the 2nd century BC); – 6. Attic Fig. 2: West Slope Amphora and Oinochoe: – 1–2. Attic production (2nd quarter–end of the 3rd cent. BC); – 3–5. Pergamon production

Traditions and Innovations 526 Tatiana Egorova

Fig. 3: Plates and one-handler: – 2–7. Plates with rolled rim; – 8–9. Plates with rolled rim and depression in the middle (2nd half of 3rd–1st half of 2nd cent. BC); – 10. Attic fish-plate (turn of 4th–3rd cent. BC); – 11–12. Pergamon fish-plates (2nd cent. BC); – 13. Non-Attic fish-plate (1st half of 2nd cent. BC); – 14. Attic saucer (beginning of 2nd cent. BC); – 15–16. One-handlers (last quarter of 4th–beginning of 3rd cent. BC) (Drawings and photos by T. Egorova). IARPotHP - 1 Hellenistic Black Glazed Pottery from Panticapaeum 527

Fig. 4: Bowls and saltcellars: – 2–6. Bowls with outturned rim; – 7–8. Shallow Echinus Bowl (7: 325–300 BC; 8: 275–250 BC); – 9–10. Deep Echinus Bowls (9: end of 4th cent. BC); – 11–12. Echinus Small Bowls (11: 275–250 BC; 12: 200–150 BC); – 13–14. Small Bowls with broad base (last quarter of 4th– beginning of 3rd cent. BC); – 15–19. Saltcellars (Drawings and photos by T. Egorova). Traditions and Innovations 528 Tatiana Egorova

Fig. 5: – 1. Guttus (Ca. 250 BC); – 2. Filter Jug (beginning of 2nd cent. BC); – 3–12. West Slope decoration (Drawings and photos by T. Egorova). IARPotHP - 1 Contents

Preface by the Editors 11 Preface by the Chair of the IARPotHP 13 Patricia Kögler Introduction: The Aim of the Conference 15 Elisa De Sousa From Greek to Roman Pottery in the Far West 17 Francisco J. García-Fernández – Antonio M. Sáez-Romero – Eduardo Ferrer-Albelda The of Taste in Turdetania: Tradition and Change in Ceramic Assemblages in the Valley of the Guadalquivir in the Late Iron Age 29 Antonio M. Sáez-Romero Grey Wares of Late Punic Gadir (4th–3rd centuries BC). Some Features of the Hellenization of Local Tableware 43 Ana María Niveau de Villedary y Mariñas – Antonio M. Sáez-Romero The Red Slip Tableware of Punic and Early Roman Gadir/Gades (4th–1st cent. BC): An Update on the So-called «Kuass Ware» 55 Violeta Moreno Megías Kuass Ware in Turdetan Communities: Distribution and Local Production in the Lower Guadalquivir Valley, SW Spain 69 Laura Ambrosini 79

TraditionPaola Puppo and Innovation: The Ring Askos in Late Red-figured Faliscan Pottery Trade Exchanges in the Western Mediterranean: The Distribution of sombreros de copa 87 Sabine Patzke The Etruscan ceramica sovraddipinta – Innovation in the Lifetime of a Pottery Type 99 Carlo De Mitri Changes in Cooking Ware Technology between the 3rd and the 1st Centuries BC on the South Adriatic Coast: The Case of Salento 111 Marek Palaczyk Major Innovations in the Rhodian Wine-Trade after 200 BC? – Rhodian Stamps from Monte Iato in West Sicilian Context 123 Charikleia Palamida – Fani K. Seroglou – Mark L. Lawall – Aggeliki Yiannikouri The Emergence of ‘Hellenistic’ Transport Amphoras: The Example of 135 Contents 8

Konstantinos Filis The Local Transport Amphorae from Aigion 151 Petar Popović Painted Pottery from Kale - Krševica: Imported or of Local Provenance? 169 Ivanka Kamenjarin Hellenistic Pottery from Siculi (Resnik), Croatia 177 Branko Kirigin Pithoi/Dolia from Central Dalmatian Islands 187 Nina Fenn – Christiane Römer-Strehl The Hellenistic and Roman Pottery from 2013 Excavations at Dimal /Albania. An Illyrian Hilltop-Settlement with Mediterranean Connections in the Hinterland of 193 Eduard Shehi Illyrian Cooking Ware (ICW): Some Ideas on the Origin, Production and Diffusion 209 Vasiliki Tsantila

The Evidence Provided by the Relief Pottery 223 Oiniadai, a Significant Akarnanian Port on the Trade Route from Asia Minor to Italy: Wolf Rudolph Prolegomena to the Study of Hellenistic Pottery from above the Cult Centre at the of Mycenae 241 Elisabeth Trinkl Aufstieg und Niedergang einer Gefäßform – die Bauchlekythos 251 Guy Ackermann Les assiettes d’Erétrie à l’époque hellénistique 263 Zoi Kotitsa Historical Change and Ceramic Tradition: The Case of 273 Anne-Sopie Martz Traditions et innovations dans la vaisselle céramique de la Maison de Fourni, Délos 287 Susan I. Rotroff Hausmann’s Workshop and Innovation in the Production of Athenian Mold-made Bowls 297 Sarah Japp – Benjamin Engels – Anneke Keweloh Kiln Stacking as a Technique for Polychrome Surface Design – A Pergamenian Innovation? 307 Maurizio Buora – Ergün Laflı Hadra Vases from Rough Cilicia 317 Reyhan Şahin

Phase of the Classical Tradition in Eastern Thrace 329 Red-figure Pottery of the 4th century BC from Ainos (Enez) in Thrace: The Final Laura Picht You Are What You Eat (from)? The Development of Plates in Hellenistic and Early Roman Priene 341

IARPotHP - 1 Contents 9

Andrea Berlin Not So Fast: Ceramic Conservatism and Change at Sardis in the Early Hellenistic Period 351 Asuman Baldiran Roulette Decorated Hellenistic Unguentaria from Stratonikeia 359 Vasilica Lungu Céramique hellénistique de Labraunda: à la recherche d’un faciès carien. Données préliminaires 371 Çilem Uygun Samples of Hellenistic Pottery from Üçtepe in Southeast Anatolia 383 Ulrike Nowotnick 399

HellenisticJonathan Ferguson Influence on Ceramics from Meroe and Hamadab (Sudan) Traditions and Innovations in the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman Ceramic Assemblages from Tell Madaba, Jordan 415 Renate Rosenthal-Heginbottom Innovation and Stagnation in the Judean Lamp Production in the Late Second Temple Period (150 BCE–70 CE) 429 Heather Jackson Green-glazed Wares at Hellenistic Jebel Khalid. Innovation, Imitation or Hellenization? 443 Gabriele Puschnigg Continuity or Innovation in Coarse Wares at Early Hellenistic Merv? 455 Jean-Baptiste Houal The Hellenistic Period through the Ceramics of Temez (Uzbekistan) and Balkh (Afghanistan) 465 Sergej Ushakov – kateryna Strukova Grey Ware with Black Coating from Chersonesos: Research Problems and New Findings 479 Sergej Ushakov – Ekaterina Lesnaya – Maksym Tiurin The New Hellenistic Assemblages from the North-Eastern District of the Tauric Chersonesos 491 Mikhail Treister – Nikolay Vinokurov Two Emblemata with Portrait Heads on the Red-gloss Bowls from the Site of Artezian in Eastern Crimea 503 Tatiana Egorova Hellenistic Black Glazed Pottery from Panticapaeum 517 Irina Shkribliak Hellenistic Mold-made Relief Bowls from Late Scythian Sites of Crimea 529

Traditions and Innovations Preface by the Editors

It is with joy and pride that we present in this volume the papers delivered during the international conference: Traditions and Innovations, organized by the editors in Berlin in November 2013.

The gathering was the first conference of the International Association for Research on Pottery of the Hellenistic Period (IARPotHP) e. V., a network devoted to the advancement and growth of the study of Hellenistic ceramics. In 2011 IARPotHP was launched by seven colleagues who also constituted the founding board: Patricia Kögler (president), Pia Guldager Bilde (secretary), Andrea Berlin (editor), Zoi Kotitsa (treasurer) as well as Annette Peignard-Giros, John Lund and Guy Ackermann. isSadly, dedicated preparations to her memory. for the Berlin conference were overshadowed by Pia Guldager Bilde’s death; in January 2013 she passed away after several years’ struggle with cancer. The volume for arranging the conference. Subsequently, Sarah Japp was appointed to the board to fill the position of secretary, essential More than 70 scholars from 22 countries were welcomed in Berlin. Several institutions and persons were decisive in the implementation of the conference. Special thanks go to the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin SMPK and their General Director, Michael Eissenhauer, for the generous allocation of rooms in the Bode Museum and the Kulturforum. We are grateful to Bernd Rottenburg for his unfailing and competent commitment to the planning of the conference course. Stefan Gross, JOY Event Service, was responsible for the smooth technical insupport the hall during of the the Topoi event. House. We thank the Excellence Cluster Topoi of the Free University of Berlin and Johanna Fabricius for providing the facilities to hold the first General Meeting of IARPotHP

Deep appreciation and gratitude is extended to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for financial support, thus ensuring the realization of the conference. We thank Wolf Rudolph for editing the conference abstracts and for the linguistic revision of the papers. In the latter the editors were helped by Renate Rosenthal-Heginbottom who also took on organizational responsibilities during the conference. Particular gratitude for their active supportassistance in thein the phases run ofof theediting conference and preparing is extended the manuscripts to Benjamin for Engels, print. Lars Heinze, Anneke Keweloh and Sascha Ratto. We warmly thank Andrea Berlin, the association’s editor, for helpful participatingLast but not least, in the we conference acknowledge and with by delivering sincere thanks their thepapers involvement for publication. of numerous colleagues at home and abroad who personally contributed to the project’s success by lecturing or

Manuscript preparation, citations and abbreviations follow the Style Sheet of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI, 2015). Contents and illustration permissions (drawings, photos, reproductions and graphs) are the responsibility of the individual authors.

B e r l i n , F e b r u a r y 4 t h , 2 0 1 6 Sarah Japp and Patricia Kögler Preface by the chair of the IARPotHP

On behalf of the current Board and myself, we are very pleased to present the first volume in a new series of the proceedings of the conferences held by the International Association for Research on Pottery of the Hellenistic Period e.V. (IARPotHP). The Association began activity in 2011 with the Board presented above. During the first General Assembly in Berlin on 9th November 2013, a new Board was elected: Zoi Kotitsa – chair, Christiane Römer-Strehl – secretary, Wolf Rudolph – treasurer, Andrea Berlin – editor, and Annette Giros-Peignard, John Lund, and Guy Ackerman as ordinary members. Our warm thanks go to Patricia Kögler, the first chair of the Association and Zoi Kotitsa, the second one, as well as to all of our colleagues who have been members of the two Boards. Due to some unfortunate events, the preparation of the first volume of the conference series was delayed. Nevertheless, the works of the Association continued and the second conference was held in Lyon in November 2015. As part of the conference in Lyon, the General Assembly of the Association took place on 6th of November 2015 and the members elected a new board for the years 2016–2017 as follows: Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka – chair, Sarah James – secretary, Christiane Römer-Strehl – treasu- rer, Annette Giros-Peignard – editor, and Marina Ugarković, Raffaella Da Vela, and Alexandros Laftsidis as ordinary members. Bärbel Ruhl was elected as the auditor and Susan Rotroff as trusted person. Zoi Kotitsa was elected as a webmaster and forum administrator.

During the General Assembly in Lyon, Professor emerita Stella Drougou ( University of Thessaloniki) was voted an honorary membership in the IARPotHP. We would like to thank Zoi Kotista for her initiating this process and Professor Drougou for doing us the honor of joining our Association. The second conference in Lyon “Daily Life in a Cosmopolitan World: Pottery and Culture during the Hellenistic Period” was very successful with many lectures and posters. The proceedings are eventbeing preparedand participated for publication in it. by Annette Giros-Peignard, the elected editor of the Association and chief organizer of the conference. Our warm thanks go to all persons who prepared this

The third conference with the subject “Exploring the Neighborhood: The Role of the Ceramics in Understanding Place in the Hellenistic World” will be held from June 1–4, 2017 in Kaštela in Croatia and is organized by Ivanka Kamerjarin of the Museum of Town Kaštela and Marina Ugarković of the Institute of Archaeology in Zagreb. Although the publication of the present volume took longer than anticipated, we view it as an excellent start to a long and regular conference series of the IARPotHP. We would also like to thank all those who helped to complete this volume.

Krakow, July 10th, 2016 [email protected] Papuci-Władyka Chair of the IARPotHP