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Hellenistic Black Glazed Pottery from Panticapaeum

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Hellenistic Black Glazed Pottery from Panticapaeum IARPotHP International Association for Research on Pottery of the Hellenistic Period e. V. TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS Tracking the Development of Pottery from the Late Classical to the Early Imperial Periods Edited by Sarah Japp and Patricia Kögler OFFPRINT Wien 2016 IARPotHP International Association for Research on Pottery of the Hellenistic Period e. V. Volume 1 TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS Tracking the Development of Pottery from the Late Classical to the Early Imperial Periods Proceedings of the 1st Conference of IARPotHP Berlin, November 2013, 7th – 10th Edited by Sarah Japp and Patricia Kögler Associate editors Renate Rosenthal-Heginbottom and Wolf Rudolph Wien 2016 Publications of IARPotHP e.V. TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS Tracking the Development of Pottery from the Late Classical to the Early Imperial Periods 538 pages, 107 black and white illustrations, 119 color illustrations, 11 tables, 11 graphs © IARPotHP e.V. and the individual authors All rights reserved Editors in chief: Sarah Japp and Patricia Kögler Language editors: Renate Rosenthal-Heginbottom and Wolf Rudolph Text design and layout by Sarah Japp and Patricia Kögler (www.wispdok.de) Layout and design of illustrations by Sarah Japp, Patricia Kögler and the individual authors Cover design by Zoi Kotitsa Manuscript preparation, citations and abbreviations follow the Style Sheet of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI, 2015). Contents and illustration permissions (drawings, photos, reproductions and graphs) are the responsibility of the individual authors. Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. Phoibos Verlag, 1050 Wien, Österreich www.phoibos.at; [email protected] Printed in the EU ISBN 978-3-85161-160-1 (printed edition) E-book: ISBN 978-3-85161-161-8 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.7337/851611618 Dedicated to the memory of Pia Guldager Bilde (*Febr. 11th, 1961 – †Jan. 10th, 2013) Founding member and first secretary of IARPotHP e.V. Pia Guldager Bilde, March 2009, Sandbjerg Manor House, Denmark (© Photo by Udo Schlotzhauer) Hellenistic Black Glazed Pottery from Panticapaeum Tatiana Egorova Vessels of the Hellenistic period constitute about half of all finds of Black Glazed pottery from Panticapaeum in the eastern Crimea - more than 450 pieces in total. These finds, gathered in the course of many years of exploration (from 1945 to 1992) in the central part of the settlement, are kept in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Only part1 of them was described and published while the bulk of the collection remains unpublished . Most of the finds date back to the period from the last quarter of the 4th to the middle of the 3rd century BC. There are, however, some items from the second half of the 3rd to the first half Drinkingof the 2nd cupscentury. Most of the represented shapes are fragmentary. fig. 1, 1 About 12 % of all finds from the complexes with Black Glazed pottery are drinking cups ( ), which is uncommon for sites located on the northern2 Black Sea coast. Usually finds of this kind constitute about 25–30 % of items discovered . At the moment, we have no explanation for this phenomenon. A possible assumption is that the layers dating from the end of the 4t to the beginning of the 3rd century BC, in which, as a rule, the number of drinking cup fragments, especially kantharoi, is much more significant, were destroyed and replaced due to reconstruction. However, there are a large number of other forms typical for this period in our collection. A certain percentage of drinking cups represents the shapes that were most typical during the Classical period. Their production was reduced significantly and after a while completely terminated in the Hellenistic period. This group of finds includes twofig. 1,types 2–3 of drinking cup fragments. First, there are fragments of skyphoi of Attic and Corinthian type dating from the last quarter offig. the 1, 4th4–5 and the first quarter of the 3rd century3 BC ( ). Second, there are cup-kantharoi with plain and moulded rim, dating not later than the last years of the 4th century ( ). All of them are of Attic production . Surprisingly small numbers of kantharoi were revealed in the early Hellenistic layers. It can be assumed that in the second half of the 4th century BC they may have been at least partially substituted by cup-kantharoi because of their sufficient number. Indeed, cup-kantharoi have a fairly large percentage in their chronological niche. We noted already that in the north-western 1 23 Zabelina 1984, 133–152; Zabelina 1992, 284–297. Hannestad et al. 2002, 132–137; Morgan 2004, fig. 12; Egorova 2009, 72–73. Similar Skyphos: Sparkes – Talcott 1970, 258 no. 327 fig. 4; Edwards 1975, 96 no. 313 pl. 13; Rotroff 1997, 258 no. 152. 155 fig. 12; Egorova 2009, 94; 99 no. 103; 150 fig. 11. Similar Cup-kantharos: Sparkes – Talcott 1970, 285 no. 684 fig. 7; Petit 1995, no. 3 fig. 8; Rotroff 1997, 250 no. 81–83 fig. 7; Knigge 2005, 171; 217; 229 no. 453. 853. 988 fig. 36. 37; Egorova 2009, 95 no. 115 fig. 9. 518 Tatiana Egorova 4 Crimea the number of cup-kantharoi is much higher in urban than in rural settlements . In this case, if we compare the findings of Black Glazed pottery from Panticapaeum5 fig. and 1, 6–8from farmstead complexes of the Crimean Azov littoral, we can see the same situation . Classical kantharoi are represented by two major types: moulded rim and plain rim ( ). Finds of the first type are twice as many as those of the second. This is a typicalfig. situation 1, 9 for the northern Black Sea settlements. All discovered kantharoi except one are of Attic production. The differing one is extremely pointed and has a rough ribbed lower body ( ). Despite its good production quality which makes it look Attic, a non-Attic production can be assumed. Moreover, the same form can be6 seen in the published material from Corinth that dates back to the first half of the 3rd century . fig. 1, 12 The situation is similar with the fragments of Hellenistic kantharoi. They are few and7 only one of them is non-Attic: a fig.Pergamenian 1, 10–11 cup from the middle of the 2nd BC ( ) . The Attic ones are represented by two types: straight8 walls and baggy from the first and thefig. third 1, 13–14 quarter of the 3rd century BC ( ) . It is interesting that there are some fragments of bolster-cups in our collection ( ). According to S. I. Rotroff, such cups were produced in Athens for a very short time in9 the early Hellenistic period and their production was most likely limited to a single workshop . However,10 they can now and again be found in the various layers of the Hellenistic sites in the Crimea . This fact may indicate that the productionfig. of1, this15–16 workshop reached the northern Black Sea region. And finally, the so-called Knidian cups ( 11). This type is represented by fragments from Pergamon only, dating from the 2nd century BC . Two of these fragments have West Slope Otherdecoration. vessels for wine service Among the dishes for wine and water the finds of West Slope amphorae should be noted. There are about ten pieces of Attic and Pergamenian production. All examples of Attic amphorae date from the second quarter to the end of the 3rd century BC. Thefig. main2, 1–2 motifs of painting are myrtle garlands and spearhead-necklaces with ties atfig. the 2, ends 3–5 on the neck,12 checkerboard and alternating panels of concentric rectangles on the shoulder ( ) . Pergamenian examples date back to the middle of the 2nd century BC ( ). Their Pergamenian origin is revealed by the characteristic shape of handles, hinges where preserved (they are flat), also, if preserved, the form of the rim, and, of course, a very distinctive13 ornament on the neck. This ornament has a very close analogy in the materials of Istria . One of the few objects that survived relatively intact is the Attic West Slopefig. 2, oinochoe, 6 characterized by overpainted designs in orange and white: checkerboard and alternating panels of concentric rectangles on the shoulder and ivy garlands on the 14neck ( ). It has parallels in the Attic pottery of the second quarter of the 3rd century BC . 4 5 Egorova 2009, 79. Maslennikov 1997, 114–115; Maslennikov 2008, 433–435; Maslennikov 2010, 386; Maslennikov 2012, 6 165–199. 7 Edwards 1975, 74 no. 376 pl. 14. 8 Similar: Schäfer 1968, D29. D30 pl. 11; Behr 1988, 134. 135 no. 32 fig. 9. 9 Rotroff 1997, 269 no. 261 fig. 17; Andreiomenou 1998, 171. 185 fig. 27. 10 Rotroff 1997, 96. Levi 1940, 120 no. 4 pl. 20; Brashinsky 1980, 246 no. 12 pl. 38; Lantsov 1994, 82. 83 fig. 7; Hannestad et 11 al. 2002, 139 В101; Egorova 2009, 31–32. Alexandrescu 1966, 194 no. 37 pl. 95; Behr 1988, 161. 165 no. 82 fig. 19; Rotroff 1997, 399 no. 1576 12 pl. 96. 13 Rotroff 1997, 286–287 no. 410; 417 fig. 24. 26. Behr 1988, 169–171 fig. 21; Hayes 1991, 192 no. 79; Kögler 2010, 614 Imp. 76 pl. 68; Lungu 2013, 286 14 Aр2 pl. 2. Rotroff 1991, 76 no. 34; Rotroff 1997, 292. 293 no. 460–463 fig. 34 pl. 46. IARPotHP - 1 Hellenistic Black Glazed Pottery from Panticapaeum 519 Vessels for food service fig. 1, 1 Vessels for food service are much more numerous.
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