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Paititi: the Last Secret of the Incas? a Critical Analysis of the Legends Surrounding the Lost Inca City of Gold

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Paititi: the Last Secret of the Incas? a Critical Analysis of the Legends Surrounding the Lost Inca City of Gold IJSA International Journal of South American Archaeology - IJSA (ISSN 2011-0626) www.ijsa.syllabapress.com Paititi: The Last Secret of the Incas? A Critical Analysis of the Legends Surrounding the Lost Inca City of Gold Andrew Nicol Explorer and Independent Scholar Email address: [email protected] Int. J. S. Am. Archaeol. 5: 51-57 (2009) ID: ijsa00030 This information is current as of September 2009 E-mails Alerts To receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sing up in the box at the top right corner of the article, see: http://www.ejournals.syllabapress.com/ealerts.html Rights & Permissions To reproduce this article in part (figures, tables) or in entirety, see: http://www.ejournals.syllabapress.com/rightperm.html Reprints To order reprints, see: http://www.ejournals.syllabapress.com/reprints.html © 2007- 2009 Archaeodiversity Research Group & Syllaba Press. All rights reserved. Int. J. S. Am. Archaeol. 5: 51-57 (2009) Paititi: The Last Secret of the Incas? A Critical Analysis of the Legends Surrounding the Lost Inca City of Gold Andrew Nicol Explorer and Independent Scholar Email address: [email protected] Available online 30 September 2009 Abstract This paper describes some of the ideas surrounding the legend of the lost city of Piatiti preliminary to defining the areas of Inca domain, investigating the Antisuyo jungle area, and assessing whether its inhabitants constructed large scale settlements in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. After examining primary sources that provide evidence for these claims and assessing both sides of the arguments, I conclude that such sites could theoretically have existed. © 2007-2009 Archaeodiversity Research Group & Syllaba Press. All rights reserved. Keywords: Paititi, El Dorado, Large Scale Jungle Settlement, Antisuyo, City of Gold. Resumen En este articulo se presentan algunas ideas en torno a la leyenda de la ciudad perdida de Paititi, antes de pasar a definir en primer lugar las áreas de dominio de los Incas, investigando la zona de selva del Antisuyo y evaluando si sus habitantes construyeron asentamientos de gran escala en los confines de la cuenca amazónica del Perú. El documento contribuye a la discusión sobre la existencia de ciudades dentro del Antisuyo y trata de aclarar de que tales asentamientos -de acuerdo con la leyenda- hipotéticamente podrían haber existido. © 2007-2009 Archaeodiversity Research Group & Syllaba Press. All rights reserved. Palabras clave: Paititi, El Dorado, Grandes Asentamientos en la selva, Antisuyo, Ciudad de Oro, Amazonía peruana. Introduction for hundreds of years; since Francisco Pizarro’s famous expedition to conquer the land of Biru (today Since the discovery of the New World in the known as Peru). Indeed, even the possible existence of sixteenth century, and in particular the western coast large scale Inca dwellings in the jungle regions of of South America, which was at the time populated by Peru is controversial within many domains, with the mighty Inca Empire (which today we know as debate raging as to whether or not it is possible for being the countries of Ecuador, Peru, and parts of large scale civilisation outposts and substantial modern day Bolivia and Chile), legends have municipalities to exist in such harsh climates. This abounded about secret storages of wealthy and paper will endeavour to critically analyse such deposits of gold to be found within its borders. argument and aims to elucidate the archaeological and Perhaps developed and promoted by an elite of primary historical evidence that suggests that not only sixteenth century Spanish conquistadors, who was large scale jungle dwelling possible, but was very possessed an unquestionably fanatical obsession for much extensive within some territories of the gold, which arguably gave birth to the legends that Peruvian jungle. Also, this paper will assess the still exist in the area to this day. Cities of gold, historical veracity to the legends of the lost Inca city hidden temples of treasure, and the famous mythical of Paititi, and investigate whether such a city could Inca city of Paititi, which many believe it to be one of theoretically exist within the eastern fringes of the the last remaining Inca strongholds as the empire Peruvian Amazon. The implications of such debate retreated into the jungle to escape Spanish oppression are far reaching, and, if seen to be historically - and interestingly named in Spanish as the City of El possible, then our knowledge of the last chapters of Dorado, where it is believed that the last vestiges of the story of the once mighty Inca Empire may still be Inca treasure remains – have been in existence now awaiting a satisfactory and factual conclusion. 2011-0626/$ - see font matter © 2007-2009 Archaeodiversity Research Group & Syllaba Press. All rights reserved. ID: ijsa00030 http://www.ijsa.syllabapress.com/issues/ijsa05art05.html 52 A. Nicol / Int. J. S. Am. Archaeol. 5: 51-57 (2009) The Realm of the Antis have continued to flourish. Perhaps, then, more credit should be given to the Inca, as indeed they were Firstly, therefore, it is only necessary to assess capable of the design and management of a large scale the debate to whether large scale jungle dwellings and civilisation, and its continuation for almost one cities could theoretically exist within the Peruvian hundred years, and not simply the ignorant barbarians Amazon Basin. The Antisuyo region of Peru, so as described by Pedro Pizarro. Bauer (2004) further named by the Inca to describe the region from where asserts that the construction of large cities, such as the the jungle dwelling enclave of the empire was derived centre of the then Inca Empire at Cuzco, was home to (known by the Inca as the Antis people, and as many as 20,000 people, and constituted large scale constituted a broad definition of all jungle tribes to places of gathering for ceremony and religious ritual. inhabit the eastern environs of the territory), clings to He describes that the Megalithic cities situated in the the eastern fringes of the country of Peru, and marked agriculturally fertile Cuzco Valley were prime the obscure boundary to the Inca empire. Indeed, the examples of master Inca architecture at work. Antisuyo was considered to be a harsh, unforgiving Therefore it may be questioned that if it was indeed and utterly merciless plain of steaming jungle, deadly possible for the Inca to develop and manage large wild animals, and associated with the unforgiving civilisations and constructing large megalithic cities; heat, intolerant profusion of disease and uncivilised could it also be possible that the Antis people collection of peoples. This was certainly the opinion developed such cities deep within the Antisuyo? held by many to the proposed Inca view of the eastern Despite the amalgamation of the Antis people domains of the empire; indeed the Antis people into the Inca Empire, it can be seen from sources that themselves were observed by the sixteen century the Inca and the Antis people were not seen to be the Jesuit missionary José de Acosta, who describes them same. As described by Gamboa (2007), the Inca as savages and barbarians, lacking in the manner of differentiated themselves very much from the Antis morals, actively practicing idol worshiping, and to be people, whom by their comparisons were seen to be utterly lawless, with respect to no king (Acosta, relatively primitive. If we are to take this assessment 2001). Whilst this may be true, upon further of the Antis people at its word, the question then postulation it may be seen that such reports, when inevitably becomes whether it would be possible for considering the source, may be purposefully these relatively primitive people to develop large scale inflammatory with prejudiced intention to condemn dwellings within the Antisuyo region. To take this and provoke immediate further missionary action large leap of faith also does not successfully address from the Church to the area. However, such the harshness of the jungle environment, and does not descriptions are also found amongst other noted determine whether large scale cities could be self authors not only to the disposition of the behaviour sustaining in the supposedly unforgiving climate of and unique culture of the Antis people, but also to the the Peruvian Amazon. The thought of how we define general Inca population, with Pedro Pizarro civilisation is central to this issue, a point that is documenting that Atahualpa Inca, the last sovereign proposed by Rudyard Kipling in his classic fictional Emperor of the Incas, was indeed alluded to several novel The Jungle Books, where he raises the question: times as being a barbarian; with Pizarro suggesting in If the Jungle is not nature in opposition to the early stages of the Spanish Conquest in 1532 that civilisation, but is itself another civilisation, is one a if the Emperor was brought before the Spaniards, then metaphor for the other? (Kipling 1989:21) he would seen to have been rebuked by his [the The answer to claims of how organised Spaniard’s] superior genius, in the same manner as civilisation and large scale cities could exist within the the wild animal of the forest is said to quail before the Antisuyo, if indeed at all, it is only necessary to travel steady gaze of the hunter (Prescott, 1858:453). Such from the Amazon over the predominant Andes bias seems to be prevalent therefore in both the mountain range to the core of the Inca territory, and rebuking of the Inca king and of the Antis people to also to peel back the pages of history to reveal a date the east. Does this mean that even though in the eyes with destiny that would infuse the fates of the civilised of the Spaniards the Inca and Antis people were seen world of the Inca with that of the people and region of to be barbarian, that they were incapable of building the Antisuyo forever.
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