Design of Solid Waste Management System for Angamaly Muncipality
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Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 10 Issue 06, June-2021 Design Of Solid Waste Management System For Angamaly Muncipality Jineesha George¹ , Swathy Krishna² , Harshananda T N Johana Reji³ , Vikas Vincent⁴ Assistant professor, ¹²³⁴ UG students, Dept. of Civil Engineering Dept of Civil Enginnering Adi Shankara Institute of engineering and Adi Shankara institute of engineering and technology, Kalady, India technology, Kalady India Abstract— A tremondous increase in the Muncipal Solid Waste disposal of the city still there are many spaces for the ( MSW) has been observed with increase in the population and improvement of the system with the help of proper technology rapid socio- economic development. In India it has become a and expertise. A well designed solid waste management serious issue because there are a few proper disposal systems system can help not only in treating and discarding the waste for the MSW in many of the cities in India.. In the present Indian but also in maintaining a better environment. Landfilling is the Scenario, suitable disposal of these MSW is a big concern. In this final discarding practice for Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) paper the treatment and disposal of the MSW of Angamaly muncipality in Kerala is planned. The details of Angamaly management (CPCB, 2008). Due to pretreatment there is a Muncipality including population and waste generation were transform in the composition and properties of the waste which collected from various sources. From the data collected, waste will influence the degradation and settlement characteristics of management facilities like incinerator and, a compost plant is wastes (Siddiqui et al, (2012). If the MSW is first composted designed for treatment of the city MSW and a landfill is also and the residual waste after composting is discarded in a sound designed to dump the remaining waste after composting. For designed sanitary landfill then the trouble of appalling Angamaly muncipality, the total quantity of MSW is calculated environmental risk due to MSW can be treated with an as 12.59 tons/day, and the average generation rate of MS\W has excellent mode. Proper disposal of MSW is a necessity to been caleulated as 0.4 kg/capita/day For composting, required minimize environmental health impacts and degradation of numbers of aerobic windrows are found as 60 and for landfill, which is designed with cover and liner, plan dimensions found land resources. In developing countries like India, MSW is as 12 m x 10 m with extra 25 m land around the landfill to set commonly disposed of by transporting and discharging in open one of the components, The incinerator was designed with dumps, which are environmentally unsafe. Systematic disposal primary chamber dimensions 2.16 m× 1.23 m × 3m. methods are composting, landfilling and incineration. Studies indicate open dumping to be the management method for 90% Keywords— Muncipal Solid Waste; Landfill; Incinerator; of MSW in India [7]. However, the so-called landfill practiced Composting plant in the country is mostly covering refuse in the dumpsite by soil I. INTRODUCTION neither with proper technical input nor with treatment of the Solid Waste Management is one of the essential obligatory emerging emissions to water, air and soil. functions of the institutional and urban local bodies in India. This service is falling too short of the desired level of II. OBJECTIVES efficiency and satisfaction resulting in problems of health, For the pretreatment and disposal of municipal solid sanitation and environmental degradation. Most institutional waste, a incinerator, compost plant and sanitary landfill is areas in the country are plagued by acute problems related to designed for Angamaly muncipality, so that a healthier and solid waste. Due to lack of serious efforts by sustainable environment continues. This study aims to fulfill authorities,garbage and its management has become a the following objectives tenacious problem. Barring a few progressive municipal • To perform ultimate analysis of the solid corporations and institutions in the country, most local bodies waste generated in Angamaly muncipality. and institutes suffer due to non-availability of adequate • Design an incinerator expertise and experience, thereby the solid waste is not • Design of a compost plan properly handled resulting into creation of environmental • Design of a sanitary landfill. pollution and health hazards. It is reiterated that the local bodies lack technical, managerial, administrative, financial and adequate institutional arrangements. As such, it is very III. STUDY AREA necessary to provide proper guidance to such Urban Local Bodies and institutes so as to make them efficient in managing Angamaly is a municipality and the northernmost tip of the solid waste generated in their respective cities and towns. the city of Kochi in Kerala, India. Situated about 30 km (19 In the present scenario of waste management system in Indian mi) north of the city centre, the area is the northern gateway cities, there is acute scarcity ofa suitable solid waste treatment to the commercial capital of Kerala and is an integral part of and disposal system. Although the Angamaly municipal the Kochi metropolitan area. The town lies at the intersection corporation is trying its best for the appropriate solid waste of Main Central Road (MC Road) and National Highway IJERTV10IS060076 www.ijert.org 253 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 10 Issue 06, June-2021 544. MC Road, which starts from Thiruvananthapuram ends at Angamaly at its intersection with NH 544.It is located 10.196°N 76.386°E. It covers a total area of 28.24 sq.km. Angamaly has an elevation of about 30 m. IV. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN ANGAMALY Angamaly like any other urban metro cities of India has several environmental issues. Increasing population has resulted in overcrowding and congestion. Higher population and lack of space have resulted in the development of slums. This also have been identified as one of the solid waste problem because of lack of basic infrastructure like drainage facilities, solid waste clearance etc. The urban landuse in the city includes activities like residential, industrial, commercial, recreational, educational institutions etc. All these factors which constitute an urban environment are also the principal factors contributing to the solid waste VI. ULTIMATE ANALYSIS management problems experienced by the city. Some of the important environmental issues seen The ultimate analysis of a waste component typically in Angamaly are air pollution, water pollution, high noise level involves the determination of the percent C (carbon), HI and solid waste pollution. The air, the supplier of the essential (hydrogen), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), S (sulphur), and ash. oxygen is also the recipient of efluents from the industries, The ultimate analysis of the waste generated at different zones transportation, households, commercial sectors etc. These of the campus was performed based on the relative effluents include gases like sulphur di-oxide, nitrogen di- composition of various components at the source or waste oxide, carbon di- Oxide, carbon monoxide, lead, suspended generation points. The average moisture content (Mc) of the particulate matter and several others. In Ernakulam the surface food waste, paper, plastic, metal, glass, rubber and leather and water includes the major Periyar river. There are some lakes wood is assumed as 75%, 7%, 2%, 4%,2%, 10% and 30% and small drainage running across the Ermakulam district. The respectively. water ways are the recipient of waste produced by domestic, TABLE 2 ULTIMATE ANALYSIS PER DRY UNIT WEIGHT industries and commercial activities. The dumping of waste Waste C H O N S Ash Food 48 6.4 37.6 2.6 0.4 5.0 has rendered it to an unusable state. Thus solid waste pollution Plastic 60 7.2 22.8 - - 10 is the main problem faced by the city. The management of Paper 43.5 6 44.0 0.3 0.2 6.0 huge quantity of waste generated by the city is an area of Glass 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 - 98.9 concern. The lack of adequate infrastructure to remove the Rubber 60 8 11.6 10 0.4 10.0 waste produced by various activities has become a matter of Metal 4.5 0.6 4.3 0.1 - 90.5 Wood 4.5 6.0 42.7 0.2 0.1 1.5 concern. Uncleared solid waste on the road sides and Ash 26.3 3.0 2.0 O.5 0.2 68.0 overflowing dustbins are a common site in the city, generating several health and environmental issue. Based on assumed moisture content( MC) and weight of individual component of solid waste generated, the dry weight V. CHARACTERISSTICS OF MSW The composition of solid waste varies from zone to of each component is calculated using equation 1. Thereafter, zone due to difference in activities at each zone. The the chemical composition of solid waste ( kg of C, H, O ,N, S) quantity and composition of wastes from various zones is is calculated based on ultimate analaysis data. given in table I and the percentage of individual TABLE 3 ULTIMATE COMPOSITION OF MSW components in the waste is pictorically represented in fig. The total amount of waste generated is 12580 kg/ day. Component Percentage Carbon 21.284 TABLE 1 COMPOSITION OF MSW Hydrogen 1.75 Components Quantity ( kg/ day) Percentage Oxygen 15.35 Food wastes 10044.32 79.78 Nitrogen .862 Paper 613.13 4.87 Sulphur .126 Plastic 608.09 4.83 Ash 5.57 Metal 44.065 .35 Glass 133.454 1.06 Rubber and leather 188.85 1.50 VII.