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Regional Thematic Expert Meeting on Cultural Landscapes in Africa

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Regional Thematic Expert Meeting on Cultural Landscapes in Africa LA CONVENTION DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL ET LES PAYSAGES CUL TURELS EN AFRIQUE REUNION D'EXPERTS - TIWI, KENYA 9-14 MARS 1999 THE WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION AND CUL TURAL LANDSCAPES IN AFRICA EXPERT MEETING- TIWI, KENYA 9-14 MARCH 1999 Editors Mechtild Rossler Galia Saouma-Forero Graphic editing: Barbara Brink Cover design : Silvia Gasparetto © UNESCO 2000 ISBN 2-906901-24-5 CRATerre Paysages Culturels en Afrique I Cultural Landscapes in Africa REUNION REGIONALE D'EXPERTS SUR LA THEMATIQUE DES PAYSAGES CULTURELS EN AFRIQUE REGIONAL THEMA TIC EXPERT MEETING ON CUL TURAL LANDSCAPES IN AFRICA TABLE DES MATIERES I TABLE OF CONTENTS Table des matieres / Table of Contents................................... ............................ ..... 1 - 2 ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................................ 3 M. Le Berre Liste des auteurs / List of Contributors .................................................. , . .. ........ ... .. 4 Introduction / Introduction..................................................................................... 5 M. Rossler I G. Saouma-Forero I R.Hoft REFLEXIONS SUR LA MISE EN CEUVRE DE LA CONVENTION DU 6 PATRIMOINE MONDIAL ET LES PAYSAGES CULTURELS EN AFRIQUE REFLECTIONS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION & THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES IN AFRICA Mise en reuvre des categories de paysages culturels................................................. 7 - 15 The implementation of the World Heritag6 cUltural landscape categories M. Rossler La Strategie globale en Afrique................ ... .... ............... ........ ..................... ........... 16 - 20 Global Strategy in Africa...................................................... ........................... ...... 21 - 24 G. Saouma-Forero Aspects juridiques de la protection des paysages culturels en Afrique........................... 25 - 29 Legal aspects of cultural landscape protection in Africa.. .. ...... ... ........... .. .. .... ... .... .. ... 30 - 34 A. Mumma (Kenya) Les paysages culturels en Afrique - une vue d'ensemble............ ................................. 35 - 43 Cultural landscapes in Africa - an overview D. Munjeri (Zimbabwe) La genese des paysages culturels africains.......................... .................... ................ 44 - 58 Cultural landscapes in Africa - Genesis M. Le Berre -1- Paysages Culturels en Afrique I Cultural Landscapes in Africa SITES AFRICAINS 59 AFRICAN SITES Introduction aux visites des forets selectionnees de Kaya.. ........... ............................... 60 - 63 Introduction to the visits of selected Kaya forests G. Abungu (Kenya), A. Githitho (Kenya) Le paysage culturel de Sukur................................................................................. 64 - 69 The Sukur cultural landscape J. Eboreime (Nigeria) Cite royale, bois sacres et arbres royaux d'Ambohimanga........................................... 70 - 73 Royal city, sacred forests and royal trees of Ambohimanga A. Rafolo (Madagascar) La route de I'esclavage... ........ ... .............. .... ............................................ ..... ........ 74 - 78 Slave route J. Bocco (Benin) Les jardins sales de Kibiro.................................................................................... 79 - 86 The salt gardens of Kibiro M. Kamuhangire (Ouganda) Parc national de Kruger comme paysage culturel...................................................... 87 - 92 Krager National Park as Cultural Landscape Y. Dladla (South Africa) La route du sel................................................................................................... 93 - 96 The salt route A. Bida (Niger) Konso-Gardula : un site archeologique et un paysage culturel temoin d'une culture vivante 97 - 102 Konso-Gardula : an archaeological site and cultural landscape witness of a living culture J. Beyene (Ethiopia) ILLUSTRATIONS I ILLUSTRATIONS 103 -106 Rapport synthetique de la Reunion d'Experts sur les Paysages Culturels Africains,.......... 107 - 119 Tiwi, Kenya, 9-14 mars 1999 Synthesis report of the Expert Meeting on African Cultural Landscapes, '" ... , .. .... ...... 120 - 132 Tiwi, Kenya, 9-14 March 1999 Recommandations .............................................................................................. 133 -135 Recommendations.............................................................................................. 136 - 137 Liste des participants I List of participants.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. ..... .. ... .... .. .. .. .. .... .. ....... 138 - 139 -2- Paysages Culturels en Afrique I Cultural Landscapes in Africa ILLUSTRATIONS - M. Le Berre 103 -106 Legendes I Legends 1. Arbre sacre - 1995 - Parc Naturel du W de Niger (Niger) ..................................... 103 Sacred tree - 1995 « W» National Park of Niger (Niger) 2. Caravane de chameaux, Desert du Sahara -1979 - Parc National du Tassili n'Ajjer (Algerie) 104 Camel caravan, Sahara Desert - 1979 - Tassili n'Ajjer National Park (Algeria) 3. Rizieres - 1996 - Reserve de Biosphere de Mananara Nord (Madagascar)................. 104 Rice cultivation - 1996 - Mananara North Biosphere Reserve (Madagascar) 4. Piste saharienne - 1990 - Region de l'Air (Niger) ................................................ 105 Saharan trail- 1990 - Air Region (Niger) 5. Paysage culturel desertique fossile aux confins de l'Air et du Tenere -1990 (Niger)..... 105 Fossil desert cultural landscape in the Air and Tenere region - 1990 - (Niger) 6. Bois sacre de Charewa - 1995 - Region d'Harare (Zimbabwe)................................. 106 Charewa sacred wood - 1995 - Harare area (Zimbabwe) 7. Exemple d'architecture vernaculaire - 1995 - Region de la Tapoa (Niger du Sud)........ 106 Example of vernacular architecture - 1995 - Tapoa region (South Niger) -3- Pays ages Culturels en Afrique I Cultural Landscapes in Africa L1STE DES AUTEURS I LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Dr. George Abungu Dr. Michel Le Berre Directer General Socioecologie & Conservation National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi - Kenya Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Villeurbanne - France Dr. Jonas Beyene CRCCH Mr. Quentin Luke Coastal Forest Conservation Unit M. Ali Bida National Museums of Kenya Chef de service du patrimoine culturel Ministere de la Communication et de la Culture, Mr. Albert Mumma Niamey - Niger Faculty of Law University of Nairobi - Kenya Mr. Jules Bocco Mr. Dawson Munjeri Directeur du Patrimoine Executive Director Ministere de la Culture et des Communications, The National Museums and Monuments, Harare - Cotonou - Benin Zimbabwe Dr. Joseph Eboreime Mr. A. Rafolo Coordinator Nigerian World Heritage Committee Directeur (NWHC) Centre d'Art et Archeologie National Museum, Benin City - Nigeria Universite d'Antananarivo - Madagascar Mr. Anthony Githitho Dr. Mechtild Rossler Coastal Forest Conservation Unit Program Specialist National Museums of Kenya, Kilifi - Kenya World Heritage Centre, UNESCO, Paris­ France Dr. Robert Hoft Project Coordinator Galia Saouma-Forero UNESCO, Nairobi - Kenya Senior Program Specialist World Heritage Centre, UNESCO, Paris - Dr. E. R. Kamuhangire France Commissioner for Antiquities and Museums Department of Antiquities and Museums, Kampala - Uganda -4- Paysages Culturels en Afrique I Cultural Landscapes in Africa INTRODUCTION GAllA SAOUMA-FORERO ROBERT HOFT MECHTILD ROSSLER Introduction the Global Strategy for a balanced and representative World Heritage List. It will help to It was a privilege for us to take part in the ensure that the List reflects the world's cultural Regional Thematic Expert Meeting on "Cultural and natural diversity of outstanding universal Landscapes in Africa" which reflected about our value and in particular the very specific national and international policies to advance interaction between natural and cultural heritage cultural landscape identification, recognition and within cultural landscapes. The potential for this protection. type of heritage from the African region is UNESCO and its World Heritage Centre immense and we are happy to note that the continue the efforts to protect natural and World Heritage Bureau in July 1999 has cultural heritage of outstanding universal value examined the first cultural landscape submitted under the unique World Heritage Convention, by an African country. which combines the protection of the works of The everyday protection of cultural and natural the human creative genius and the evolutionary heritage is more relevant than ever as threats to work of nature. The adoption of the Cultural the very survival of the world's heritage have Landscape Categories by the World Heritage increased. These ever-growing threats also Committee in 1992 was a major step towards demand improved implementation of international international recognition of this type of site. With and regional instruments by States Parties and this decision, the Committee encouraged enhanced co-ordination and integration between governments to strengthen national cultural national instruments, international treaties, and landscape protection and management. It also initiatives for the protection of cultural heritage changed the Operational Guidelines with a view and the natural environment. The expert to accommodate this new type of site and meeting in Kenya also discussed, for the first amended the provisions for legal protection of time, a new approach towards legal protection cultural heritage sites to include "traditional and traditional management, which is included protection and management
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