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Notes and Topics: Synopsis of Taranatha's History
SYNOPSIS OF TARANATHA'S HISTORY Synopsis of chapters I - XIII was published in Vol. V, NO.3. Diacritical marks are not used; a standard transcription is followed. MRT CHAPTER XIV Events of the time of Brahmana Rahula King Chandrapala was the ruler of Aparantaka. He gave offerings to the Chaityas and the Sangha. A friend of the king, Indradhruva wrote the Aindra-vyakarana. During the reign of Chandrapala, Acharya Brahmana Rahulabhadra came to Nalanda. He took ordination from Venerable Krishna and stu died the Sravakapitaka. Some state that he was ordained by Rahula prabha and that Krishna was his teacher. He learnt the Sutras and the Tantras of Mahayana and preached the Madhyamika doctrines. There were at that time eight Madhyamika teachers, viz., Bhadantas Rahula garbha, Ghanasa and others. The Tantras were divided into three sections, Kriya (rites and rituals), Charya (practices) and Yoga (medi tation). The Tantric texts were Guhyasamaja, Buddhasamayayoga and Mayajala. Bhadanta Srilabha of Kashmir was a Hinayaist and propagated the Sautrantika doctrines. At this time appeared in Saketa Bhikshu Maha virya and in Varanasi Vaibhashika Mahabhadanta Buddhadeva. There were four other Bhandanta Dharmatrata, Ghoshaka, Vasumitra and Bu dhadeva. This Dharmatrata should not be confused with the author of Udanavarga, Dharmatrata; similarly this Vasumitra with two other Vasumitras, one being thr author of the Sastra-prakarana and the other of the Samayabhedoparachanachakra. [Translated into English by J. Masuda in Asia Major 1] In the eastern countries Odivisa and Bengal appeared Mantrayana along with many Vidyadharas. One of them was Sri Saraha or Mahabrahmana Rahula Brahmachari. At that time were composed the Mahayana Sutras except the Satasahasrika Prajnaparamita. -
In Buddhist-Inspired Therapies J Yoga & Physio
Opinion J Yoga & Physio Volume 5 Issue 1 - May 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Eduardo Francisco Freyre Roach DOI: 10.19080/JYP.2018.05.555653 Working with the ‘Nonself-Language’ in Buddhist- Inspired Therapies Eduardo Francisco Freyre Roach* Professor, Dr. Independent Researcher, Hong Kong Submission: April 06, 2018; Published: May 24, 2018 *Corresponding author: Eduardo Francisco Freyre Roach, Professor, Dr. Independent Researcher, 43 Nam Wan, Peng Chau, Hong Kong, Tel: ; Email: Abstract One of the clinical applications of the Buddhist nonself approach (annata) is to encourage patients to put into words their body and mental and encourage patients from non-Buddhist religious background to practice of nonself language? My answer is: yes! experiences but avoiding the use of personal pronouns ‘I’, ‘mine’, ‘me’ or ‘my’. But annata is a Spiritual matter. It is Scientific and ethical to engage Keywords: Therapy; Mindfulness; Yoga; Mindfulness; Nonself, Ethics Introduction The Buddhist mindfulness approach to meditation and yoga world’s designations, the world’s expressions, the world’s ways contemplates “the practice of inner silence”, but also the practice forms of self-identifications by saying: “Citta, these are the of speaking, the world’s descriptions, with which the Tathagata of putting our inner bodily and mental experiences into words1 expresses himself but without grasping to them”. It points out . The Yogachara scriptures teaches that “wisdom produced by that the use of ‘I’ does not suppose the ontological ‘I’. thinking is also based on words2” and through purity of speech. Like the Patanjali-Upanishada’s yoga tradition the Buddhist The Chachakka Sutta presents the path of practice leading Tibetan yoga suggests that speech that one chooses “affect 3. -
Beyond Mind II: Further Steps to a Metatranspersonal Philosophy and Psychology Elías Capriles University of the Andes
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies Volume 25 | Issue 1 Article 3 1-1-2006 Beyond Mind II: Further Steps to a Metatranspersonal Philosophy and Psychology Elías Capriles University of the Andes Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/ijts-transpersonalstudies Part of the Philosophy Commons, Psychology Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Capriles, E. (2006). Capriles, E. (2006). Beyond mind II: Further steps to a metatranspersonal philosophy and psychology. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 25(1), 1–44.. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 25 (1). http://dx.doi.org/ 10.24972/ijts.2006.25.1.1 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Newsletters at Digital Commons @ CIIS. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Transpersonal Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ CIIS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Beyond Mind II: Further Steps to a Metatranspersonal Philosophy and Psychology Elías Capriles University of The Andes Mérida, Venezuela Some of Wilber’s “holoarchies” are gradations of being, which he views as truth itself; however, being is delusion, and its gradations are gradations of delusion. Wilber’s supposedly universal ontogenetic holoarchy contradicts all Buddhist Paths, whereas his view of phylogeny contradicts Buddhist Tantra and Dzogchen, which claim delusion/being increase throughout the aeon to finally achieve reductio ad absur- dum. Wilber presents spiritual healing as ascent; Grof and Washburn represent it as descent—yet they are all equally off the mark. -
Training in Wisdom 6 Yogacara, the ‘Mind Only’ School: Buddha Nature, 5 Dharmas, 8 Kinds of Consciousness, 3 Svabhavas
Training in Wisdom 6 Yogacara, the ‘Mind Only’ School: Buddha Nature, 5 Dharmas, 8 kinds of Consciousness, 3 Svabhavas The Mind Only school evolved as a response to the possible nihilistic interpretation of the Madhyamaka school. The view “everything is mind” is conducive to the deep practice of meditational yogas. The “Tathagatagarbha”, the ‘Buddha Nature’ was derived from the experience of the Dharmakaya. Tathagata, the ‘Thus Come one’ is a name for a Buddha ( as is Sugata, the ‘Well gone One’ ). Garbha means ‘embryo’ and ‘womb’, the container and the contained, the seed of awakening . This potential to attain Buddhahood is said to be inherent in every sentient being but very often occluded by kleshas, ( ‘negative emotions’) and by cognitive obscurations, by wrong thinking. These defilements are adventitious, and can be removed by practicing Buddhist yogas and trainings in wisdom. Then the ‘Sun of the Dharma’ breaks through the clouds of obscurations, and shines out to all sentient beings, for great benefit to self and others. The 3 svabhavas, 3 kinds of essential nature, are unique to the mind only theory. They divide what is usually called ‘conventional truth’ into two: “Parakalpita” and “Paratantra”. Parakalpita refers to those phenomena of thinking or perception that have no basis in fact, like the water shimmering in a mirage. Usual examples are the horns of a rabbit and the fur of a turtle. Paratantra refers to those phenomena that come about due to cause and effect. They have a conventional actuality, but ultimately have no separate reality: they are empty. Everything is interconnected. -
Buddhism As a 'Living Tradition'
1 Buddhism as a ‘living tradition’: The foundation for Buddhism without borders Kathleen Gregory Reflecting on the contemporary presentations of Buddhism within the Western context, particularly from the Tibetan traditions, this paper presents Buddhism from a ‘living tradition’ perspective arguing that the principle which links Buddhism across space and time is the concern with ‘lived experience.’ This perspective highlights the origins of Buddhism in the Buddha’s experience, and serves to unify ordinary and Enlightened experiences as kinds of ‘lived experiences.’ As a result, the ‘living quality’ of the teachings is understood in terms of the interrelationship of doctrine and practice; and expressed in relation to the subjectivity of practitioners in space and time. It is argued that this perspective challenges a number of current Western perspectives in the study of Buddhism which can be described as over-determining Buddhism as a heterogeneous and non-Western product; while concomitantly emphasising ‘borders’ between the ancient and contemporary, text and praxis, and tradition and innovation. Particularly in the West, ‘tradition’ is seen in diametric opposition to innovation; I argue that this view of tradition is foreign to the living tradition context. Rather, Buddhism engages with and through human experience, which by its nature is always contemporary. ‘Living tradition’ is thus that which maintains the transformative power of Buddhism; concluding that this living tradition perspective is itself the foundation for Buddhism without borders. Introduction This presentation of Buddhism as a ‘living tradition’ begins from my reflections as a Buddhist practitioner for twenty years within the Tibetan tradition. I have learnt that Buddhism is primarily a ‘practical endeavour’ concerned with understanding experience and transforming experience through that understanding. -
The Depth Psychology of the Yogacara
Aspects of Buddhist Psychology Lecture 42: The Depth Psychology of the Yogacara Reverend Sir, and Friends Our course of lectures week by week is proceeding. We have dealt already with the analytical psychology of the Abhidharma; we have dealt also with the psychology of spiritual development. The first lecture, we may say, was concerned mainly with some of the more important themes and technicalities of early Buddhist psychology. We shall, incidentally, be referring back to some of that material more than once in the course of the coming lectures. The second lecture in the course, on the psychology of spiritual development, was concerned much more directly than the first lecture was with the spiritual life. You may remember that we traced the ascent of humanity up the stages of the spiral from the round of existence, from Samsara, even to Nirvana. Today we come to our third lecture, our third subject, which is the Depth Psychology of the Yogacara. This evening we are concerned to some extent with psychological themes and technicalities, as we were in the first lecture, but we're also concerned, as we were in the second lecture, with the spiritual life itself. We are concerned with the first as subordinate to the second, as we shall see in due course. So we may say, broadly speaking, that this evening's lecture follows a sort of middle way, or middle course, between the type of subject matter we had in the first lecture and the type of subject matter we had in the second. Now a question which immediately arises, and which must have occurred to most of you when the title of the lecture was announced, "What is the Yogacara?" I'm sorry that in the course of the lectures we keep on having to have all these Sanskrit and Pali names and titles and so on, but until they become as it were naturalised in English, there's no other way. -
Mindfulness of Breathing (39) Luminous Mind
Mindfulness of Breathing (39) Luminous Mind February 23, 2021 SUMMARY KEYWORDS mind, viññāṇa, consciousness, wondrous, citta, dukkha, brightness, liberated, clear, clean, ouch, ahhh, luminous, beauty, ānāpānasati Gil Fronsdal One of the inspiring topics in the teachings of the Buddha is that around citta. It's often translated into English as 'mind.' Depending upon the context, citta is sometimes translated as “state of mind.” There may be no difference between 'mind' and “state of mind.” As I said yesterday, the mind is not a thing. It's not as if we can see the mind in some clear way, like using a microscope in the brain to discover where the mind is. The mind is more a gestalt. It's the sum total of our mentality – how the mind works. It's not a thing. Because of that, perhaps, the Buddha never talks about letting go of the mind. He talks about letting go of form, feelings, perceptions, and mental activities. He also talks about letting go of something that we've come to understand in the West as 'consciousness.' The Pali word for 'consciousness' is viññāṇa. It's possible that viññāṇa should not be translated as 'consciousness.' The word 'consciousness' has been used in the West for about three hundred to four hundred years. It was coined in relatively recent times. Both the word 'consciousness' and the idea of it entered our language in a deeper way in the last one hundred years or so. Many of us now take consciousness as second nature. It's obvious what it is. -
The Luminous Mind in Theravāda and Dharmaguptaka Discourses
The Luminous Mind in Theravāda and Dharmaguptaka Discourses Anālayo I am indebted to Bhikkhu Brahmāli, Bhikkhunī Dhammadinnā, Michael Radich, Daniel Stuart, and Joseph Walser for comments on a draft version of this paper. Abstract With this article I examine Pāli discourse references to luminosity of the mind in the light of their parallels, with a view to discerning early stages in the development of a notion that has had a considerable impact on Buddhist thought and practice. Introduction The present paper stands in some degree of continuity with another article in which I examined fire miracles attributed to the Buddha in several discourses.1 Closer study brought to light instances of such miracles that can be identified as the effect of subsequent developments of the texts in question, quite probably resulting from metaphorical references to fire being interpreted literally. One example from a Theravāda discourse is the Pāṭika-sutta of the Dīgha- nikāya, where the Buddha departs by levitation after having attained the fire element and then emanates a flame as high as seven palm trees. No reference to 1 Anālayo 2015. 7(3): –5. ©7 Bhikkhu Anālayo THe LuMINOuS MIND IN THeRAvāDA AND DHARMAguptaka DISCOuRSeS such attainment or the manifestation of a flame is found in the parallels.2 Another instance of the Buddha emanating fire occurs during a visit to a Brahmā, reported in a discourse in the Saṃyutta-nikāya. Here, too, a manifestation of fire is not part of the description of his visit in the parallel versions.3 Based on a close study of these two instances, I have come to the conclusion that it is fairly probable that these fiery effects are additions to the Theravāda versions of the respective discourses. -
Maitripa on the View Free Edition
MAITRIPA’S WRITINGS ON THE VIEW THE MAIN INDIAN SOURCE OF THE TIBETAN VIEWS OF OTHER EMPTINESS AND MAHAMUDRA (FREE EDITION) BY TONY DUFF PADMA KARPO TRANSLATION COMMITTEE Copyright and Fair Usage Notice Copyright © Tony Duff 2010. All rights reserved. The translations and commentaries contained herein are made available online as a gift of dharma. They are being offered with the intent that anyone may download them, print them out, read and study them, share them with friends, and even copy and redistribute the files privately. Still, the following must be observed: • The files may be copied and given to others privately provided that no fee is charged for them. • Other web-sites are encouraged to link to this page. However, the files may only be put up for distribution on other sites with the expressed permission of the author. • Neither the files nor their content are in the public domain; the copyright for both remains with the author. • In accord with standard copyright law, you may use reasonable portions of these files for your own work, publication or translations. If you do use them in that way, please cite these files as if they were printed books. Please make it clear in your work which portions of your text is coming from our translation and which portions are based on other sources. MAITRIPA’S WRITINGS ON THE VIEW THE MAIN INDIAN SOURCE OF THE TIBETAN VIEWS OF OTHER EMPTINESS AND MAHAMUDRA (FREE EDITION) BY TONY DUFF PADMA KARPO TRANSLATION COMMITTEE Copyright © 2010 Tony Duff. All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photography, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system or technologies now known or later developed, without permission in writing from the publisher. -
Buddhism and Buddhist Business Practices
http://ijba.sciedupress.com International Journal of Business Administration Vol. 10, No. 2; 2019 Buddhism and Buddhist Business Practices Samuel L Dunn1 & Joshua D Jensen1 1 Northwest Nazarene University, United States Correspondence: Joshua D Jensen, Northwest Nazarene University, 623 S. University Boulevard, Nampa, Idaho 83686, United States. Received: January 1, 2019 Accepted: March 5, 2019 Online Published: March 8, 2019 doi:10.5430/ijba.v10n2p115 URL: https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v10n2p115 Abstract The 21st century global business environment is more diverse and interconnected than ever before. As organizations continue to expand their global reach, business professionals often find themselves having to navigate challenging cultural and religious terrain, which they may not be prepared for. While it is impossible for someone to learn the intricacies of all cultures and religions throughout the world, one can seek to learn about some of the more prominent cultures and religions of the world – particularly those they have a high likelihood of engaging with at some point in his or her business career. This paper examines Buddhism, a prevalent religion throughout many parts of the world, and discusses how its culture and beliefs are manifested through Buddhist business practices. Particular focus is placed on business in Thailand, the country with the highest percentage of Buddhists. The purpose of this paper is to provide business professionals with a basic understanding of the history of Buddhism, an overview of the major beliefs of Buddhists, and to present information that will assist business professionals in successfully navigating intercultural affairs when doing business with Buddhists in Thailand or around the world. -
What Is Mahāmudrā Traleg Rinpoche
What is Mahāmudrā Traleg Rinpoche The Mahāmudrā tradition encompasses many key Buddhist terms and presents them in a unique light. The Sanskrit word mahāmudrā literally translates as “great seal,’’ or “great symbol,’’ which suggests that all that exists in the conditioned world is stamped with the same seal, the seal of ultimate reality. Ultimate reality is synonymous with the quintessential Buddhist term emptiness (śūnyatā), which describes the insubstantiality of all things—the underlying groundlessness, spaciousness, and indeterminacy that imbues all of our experiences of the subjective and objective world. In the Kagyü tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, the word mahāmudrā is also used to refer to the nature of the mind. The nature of the mind is a pivotal concept in this tradition. The essential quality of the mind is emptiness, but it is described as a luminous emptiness, for the mind has the inherent capacity to know, or to cognize. When spiritual fulfillment is attained, this lumi- nous emptiness is experienced as pervasively and profoundly blissful, and enlightenment is characterized as luminous bliss. The Tibetan term for Mahāmudrā is chag gya chen po. The word chag denotes wisdom; gya implies that this wisdom transcends mental defilement; and chen po verifies that together they express a sense of unity. At a more profound level of interpretation, chag gya suggests that <4> our natural state of being has no origin, because we cannot posit a particular time when it came into being, nor can we say what caused it to conic into existence or what it is dependent upon. Our natural state of being is self-sustaining, self- existing, and not dependent upon anything. -
Conception of Ālaya-Vijñāna in Yogācāra Philosophy
High Technology Letters ISSN NO : 1006-6748 CONCEPTION OF ĀLAYA-VIJÑĀNA IN YOGĀCĀRA PHILOSOPHY Truong Thi Ngoc Anh1 and Dr. C. Neela Devi2 1. PhD Research Scholar Department of Philosophy, Annamalai University 2. Guide, Assistant Professor Department of Philosophy, Annamalai University Abstract: Alaya is one of eight consciousness (vijñāna) eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, mind, mana, and alaya. This consciousness is the root of the dharmas, because it has the most powerful effect in all consciousness, it is also called the Master vijñāna. This consciousness is the root of the universal universe, storing all things that make it not lost, so called store-house. It is a place capable of storing and growing things, it is also called the bija (basic seed). Alaya-vijñāna, according to the Yogācāra school, alaya-vijñāna is the basic mind. In the original Buddhist tradition, the psychological system has only six consciousnesses- vijñāna: eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and mind consciousness. By the time of Mahayana Buddhism, especially the study of the Yogācāra, there was deep discovery within the six consciousnesses that had something that did not break, which led beings to birth and death, that it is the basic characters that works continuously to maintain life, called alaya-vijñāna. However, the earliest manifestations of the alaya-vijñāna is Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra1. The word alaya is originally meant for storage to store items, in full words it has three meanings: potential, storage and attachment (ego love). Alaya-vijñāna are four kinds: good (kusala), defiled (akusala), defiled non-defined (nivrtavyakrta) and non-difiled non-difined (anivrtavyakrta). The alaya is non-defiled non defined because it is retribution in its essential nature.