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Galway City Walls Conservation, Management and Interpretation Plan
GALWAY CITY WALLS CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT & INTERPRETATION PLAN MARCH 2013 Frontispiece- Woman at Doorway (Hall & Hall) Howley Hayes Architects & CRDS Ltd. were commissioned by Galway City Coun- cil and the Heritage Council to prepare a Conservation, Management & Interpre- tation Plan for the historic town defences. The surveys on which this plan are based were undertaken in Autumn 2012. We would like to thank all those who provided their time and guidance in the preparation of the plan with specialist advice from; Dr. Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, Dr. Kieran O’Conor, Dr. Jacinta Prunty & Mr. Paul Walsh. Cover Illustration- Phillips Map of Galway 1685. CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 UNDERSTANDING THE PLACE 6 3.0 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE 17 4.0 ASSESSMENT & STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 28 5.0 DEFINING ISSUES & VULNERABILITY 31 6.0 CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES 35 7.0 INTERPRETATION & MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES 37 8.0 CONSERVATION STRATEGIES 41 APPENDICES Statutory Protection 55 Bibliography 59 Cartographic Sources 60 Fortification Timeline 61 Endnotes 65 1.0 INTRODUCTION to the east, which today retains only a small population despite the ambitions of the Anglo- Norman founders. In 1484 the city was given its charter, and was largely rebuilt at that time to leave a unique legacy of stone buildings The Place and carvings from the late-medieval period. Galway City is situated on the north-eastern The medieval street pattern has largely been shore of a sheltered bay on the west coast of preserved, although the removal of the walls Ireland. It is located at the mouth of the River during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Corrib, which separates the east and western together with extra-mural developments as the sides of the county. -
Dymchurch Martello Tower No 24 KENT
English Heritage Dymchurch Martello Tower No 24 KENT J G LOAD MA, FSA Inspector of Ancient Monuments Between 1793 and 1815 Britain was at War with the French Republic. After his campaigns in Italy, Egypt and Syria, Napoleon Bonaparte began extensive preparations to invade England. To counter the threatened invasion, the English built a chain of 74 Martello gun-towers along the Channel shores of Kent and East Sussex between 1805 and 1812. Of those that survive today, the Martello tower at Dymchurch is perhaps the best preserved. Fully restored and open to the public, it is dominated by an original 24-pounder gun carrying the cipher of King George III. CONTENTS 2 HISTORY 2 The Invasion Coast, 1803 6 Defending the South Coast 7 Origins and purpose of the Martellos 9 Building the Martello Towers, 1805-12 10 Design of the South Coast towers 13 Later History 14 DESCRIPTION 15 Interior of the Tower 17 Gun Platform 18 BIBLIOGRAPHY 18 GLOSSARY of technical terms Copyright © English Heritage 1990 First published 1990 Printed in England for HMSO Dd 6018381 C15 8/90 498 53309 ISBN 1 85074 300 2 1 HISTORY The Invasion Coast 1803 Dymchurch Martello Tower - no 24 in a chain of 74 built along the Channel coasts of Kent and East Sussex between 1805 and 1812 - was constructed to meet a threat of invasion as serious as the later one which faced England after the fall of France in the summer of 1940. The Peace of Amiens, signed in March 1802, had ended nine years of war with Revolutionary France, but Napoleon's territorial ambitions in Europe and elsewhere were to ensure that peace was short-lived. -
Fort Henry National Historic Site of Canada
© Copyright Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Chief Executive Officer of Parks Canada, 2006 Government of Canada Catalogue No. R64-105/41-2006E ISBN: 0-662-44230-X Aussi disponible en français. Fort Henry national historic site of canada Management Plan February, 2007 FORT HENRY NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE OF CANADA Management Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction . .1 1.1 Purpose of a Management Plan . .1 1.2 Preparation of this Management Plan . .1 1.3 Legislative and Policy Context for Management Planning . .2 1.4 Brief History of the Site . .3 1.5 Administered Place . .4 1.6 Local and Regional Context . .4 2.0 The Role of Fort Henry in the Family of National Historic Sites . .6 2.1 Role of Fort Henry in the National Historic Sites System . .6 3.0 Commemorative Integrity . .8 3.1 Concept of Commemorative Integrity . .8 3.2 The Commemorative Integrity Statement for Fort Henry . .8 3.3 Statement of Commemorative Intent . .8 4.0 Current Situation Analysis . .10 4.1 Cultural Resources . .10 4.1.1 Built Heritage . .10 4.1.2 Archaeological Sites . .12 4.1.3 Collections . .13 4.1.4 The Cultural Landscape . .13 4.2 The Presentation of Messages at Fort Henry . .15 4.2.1 Heritage Presentation Programming at Fort Henry . .16 4.3 Natural Resources at Fort Henry . .17 4.4 Visitor Use and Operations . .17 5.0 Vision for Fort Henry . .18 5.1. Context of a Site Vision . .18 5.2 Vision for Fort Henry National Historic Site in 2021 . -
Fort Wellington National Historic Site Guardian of the St
Fort Wellington National Historic Site Guardian of the St. Lawrence Open May to Thanksgiving Weekend Strategically built along the St. Lawrence, Fort Wel- lington is now one of Canada’s best preserved British forts. Built in Prescott during the War of 1812, Fort Wellington de- fended the vital St. Lawrence shipping route. Although Fort Wellington was never attacked, it was the staging point for a successful raid on Ogdensburg in 1813 . The fort was later abandoned . Fort Wellington was again called into service in 1837 when Upper and Lower Canada rose up in rebellion. The fort be- Photos ©Fort Wellington came the main depot for the area’s militia and in 1838, mili- tia stationed at Fort Wellington were called into battle. Expecting to be seen as liberators, American rebels landed at nearby Windmill Point but were met by 2,000 British soldiers and militia instead. In 1923, Fort Wellington became a National Historic Site and is now operated by Parks Canada. The fort consists of earthworks surrounded by a palisade. Inside, you can stroll by the officers’ quarters, discover the coponniere tunnel, explore the three-storey blockhouse, and chat with the costumed interpretive guides. Children can make their visit an adventure by becoming Parks Canada Xplorers to discover this unique fort. The site also boasts a new visitors center featuring the wreck of an 1812 -era gunboat. Daily visits are self-guided and guided tours of the fort are offered every Saturday and Sunday throughout July and August beginning at 1:30pm. During the summer months, the fort offers summer camps for children and also hosts an annual Canada Day Celebration every July 1st from 10:00am to 4:00pm. -
Ocm06220211.Pdf
THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS--- : Foster F__urcO-lo, Governor METROP--�-��OLITAN DISTRICT COM MISSION; - PARKS DIVISION. HISTORY AND MASTER PLAN GEORGES ISLAND AND FORT WARREN 0 BOSTON HARBOR John E. Maloney, Commissioner Milton Cook Charles W. Greenough Associate Commissioners John Hill Charles J. McCarty Prepared By SHURCLIFF & MERRILL, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL CONSULTANT MINOR H. McLAIN . .. .' MAY 1960 , t :. � ,\ �:· !:'/,/ I , Lf; :: .. 1 1 " ' � : '• 600-3-60-927339 Publication of This Document Approved by Bernard Solomon. State Purchasing Agent Estimated cost per copy: $ 3.S2e « \ '< � <: .' '\' , � : 10 - r- /16/ /If( ��c..c��_c.� t � o� rJ 7;1,,,.._,03 � .i ?:,, r12··"- 4 ,-1. ' I" -po �� ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to acknowledge with thanks the assistance, information and interest extended by Region Five of the National Park Service; the Na tional Archives and Records Service; the Waterfront Committee of the Quincy-South Shore Chamber of Commerce; the Boston Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy; Lieutenant Commander Preston Lincoln, USN, Curator of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion; Mr. Richard Parkhurst, former Chairman of Boston Port Authority; Brigardier General E. F. Periera, World War 11 Battery Commander at Fort Warren; Mr. Edward Rowe Snow, the noted historian; Mr. Hector Campbel I; the ABC Vending Company and the Wilson Line of Massachusetts. We also wish to thank Metropolitan District Commission Police Captain Daniel Connor and Capt. Andrew Sweeney for their assistance in providing transport to and from the Island. Reproductions of photographic materials are by George M. Cushing. COVER The cover shows Fort Warren and George's Island on January 2, 1958. -
American Legacy in Panama: a Brief History of the Department Of
Former Installations Since World War II, numerous installations have Camp Elliott/Camp Gaillard been closed down and the facilities transferred to the Republic of Panama. These bases played In 1904, two Marine camps were established on various roles in the Department of Defense's the Isthmus of Panama. One of these was Camp military mission of guarding and defending the Elliott, which was located near the town of Panama Canal. Culebra on what is now the west bank of the canal. Following the completion of the Panama Canal, the Panama Canal government began a policy of giving the Army its excess buildings and prop- erty in former construction-era communities. Two of the communities no longer required at that time by The Panama Canal were Culebra and Empire. Empire was "taken over by the Army" 56 on No- vember 25, 1914; Culebra was transferred to the Army on March 25, 1915. The land and build- Col. Goethals reviewing the Marines at ings of both of the abandoned ICC communi- Elliott Camp ties were incorporated into Camp Elliott. 1 Marine Post at Camp Elliott c Former Installations page 58 FORMER INSTALLATIONS ^ ^ Camp Gaillard, 1920 Camp Elliott was renamed 'Camp Gaillard' in to a young officer personally recommended by honor of Colonel David D. Gaillard. As chief General George Patton - Major Dwight D. of the Central Division during canal construc- Eisenhower. Major and Mrs. Eisenhower be- tion, Col. Gaillard was responsible for the con- gan their two year tour at Camp Gaillard in Janu- struction of the Culebra Cut, which was also re- ary of 1922. -
Martello Towers Research Project
Martello Towers Research Project March 2008 Jason Bolton MA MIAI IHBC www.boltonconsultancy.com Conservation Consultant [email protected] Executive Summary “Billy Pitt had them built, Buck Mulligan said, when the French were on the sea”, Ulysses, James Joyce. The „Martello Towers Research Project‟ was commissioned by Fingal County Council and Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council, with the support of The Heritage Council, in order to collate all known documentation relating to the Martello Towers of the Dublin area, including those in Bray, Co. Wicklow. The project was also supported by Dublin City Council and Wicklow County Council. Martello Towers are one of the most well-known fortifications in the world, with examples found throughout Ireland, the United Kingdom and along the trade routes to Africa, India and the Americas. The towers are typically squat, cylindrical, two-storey masonry towers positioned to defend a strategic section of coastline from an invading force, with a landward entrance at first-floor level defended by a machicolation, and mounting one or more cannons to the rooftop gun platform. The Dublin series of towers, built 1804-1805, is the only group constructed to defend a capital city, and is the most complete group of towers still existing in the world. The report begins with contemporary accounts of the construction and significance of the original tower at Mortella Point in Corsica from 1563-5, to the famous attack on that tower in 1794, where a single engagement involving key officers in the British military became the catalyst for a global military architectural phenomenon. However, the design of the Dublin towers is not actually based on the Mortella Point tower. -
The 1000 Islands!
1000 ISLANDS 1000 ISLANDS above the 1-855-873-6215 | 613-345-1622 33 36 TallShipsLanding.com St. Lawrence River 37 [email protected] 3 Observation Decks www.super8.com (1 enclosed) Recreational lifestyle 5T1 K6V , On Brockville. SPECTACULAR High Speed Elevator 32 on the waterfront SPECTACULARVIEWS Canadiana & Souvenir Shop East 2 Road County 1843 OFVIEWS THE Free Parking • TSL Club, Marina & Vacation Suites 1000OF ISLANDS THE Tour Guide available at the top • Waterfront Grille 17+ signature interactive 1000AND ISLANDS of the Tower • Ice Cream Shop & Cafe Currency Exchange (USD, EUR) Thousand Islands National Park experiences inspired ST. LAWRENCEAND • Dockside Living - The 1000 Islands Shoppe Ice Cream Shop 34 by the 1000 Islands ST. LAWRENCERIVER RATI Parc national des Mille-Îles EB N L G Buses Welcome • Tall Ships Adventure E RIVER C PADDLING FUN BY DAY… OTENTIK STAY BY NIGHT Privately Owned & Operated 5 JOURNÉE MAGNIFIQUE…. SÉJOUR OTENTIK 1 1 1000islandstower.com9 6 5 - 2 0 • 12-km trail network / 12 km de sentiers Located between the spans of the 1000 • oTENTiks & camping / oTENTiks & camping Islands1000islandstower.com International Bridge on Hill Island 716 Highway 137 Located between the spans of the 1000 Lansdowne, ON, Canada • Visitor centre / centre des visiteurs A new way to discover Visit life underwater, Islands International Bridge on Hill Island 2 County Road 5, RR 3, Mallorytown pc.gc.ca/ti on the water, and around the water! 613-659-2335 the 1000 Islands! Fort Wellington National Historic Site 35 38 Lieu historique national du Fort-Wellington 613-659-2335 Aquatarium is home to RiverQuest, bringing Step into history! together all the wonders of the 1000 Islands. -
1 Coast Artillery Living History Fort
Coast Artillery Living History Fort Hancock, NJ On 20-22 May 2016, the National Park Service (NPS) conducted the annual spring Coast Defense and Ocean Fun Day (sponsored by New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium – (http://njseagrant.org/) in conjunction with the Army Ground Forces Association (AGFA) and other historic and scientific organizations. Coast Defense Day showcases Fort Hancock’s rich military heritage thru tours and programs at various locations throughout the Sandy Hook peninsula – designated in 1982 as “The Fort Hancock and Sandy Hook Proving Ground National Historic Landmark”. AGFA concentrates its efforts at Battery Gunnison/New Peck, which from February to May 1943 was converted from a ‘disappearing’ battery to a barbette carriage gun battery. The members of AGFA who participated in the event were Doug Ciemniecki, Donna Cusano, Paul Cusano, Chris Egan, Francis Hayes, Doug Houck, Richard King, Henry and Mary Komorowski, Anne Lutkenhouse, Eric Meiselman, Tom Minton, Mike Murray, Kyle Schafer, Paul Taylor, Gary Weaver, Shawn Welch and Bill Winslow. AGFA guests included Paul Casalese, Erika Frederick, Larry Mihlon, Chris Moore, Grace Natsis, Steve Rossi and Anthony Valenti. The event had three major components: (1) the Harbor Defense Lantern Tour on Friday evening; (2) the Fort Hancock Historic Hike on Saturday afternoon and (3) Coastal Defense Day on Sunday, which focused on Battery Gunnison/New Peck operations in 1943, in conjunction with Ocean Fun Day. The educational objective was to provide interpretation of the Coast Artillery mission at Fort Hancock in the World War Two-era with a focus on the activation of two 6” rapid fire M1900 guns at New Battery Peck (formerly Battery Gunnison). -
Breeding Populations of Terns and Skimmers on Long Island Sound and Eastern Long Island: 1972-19751
1974-1977 No. 73 PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNA A SOCIETY OF NEW YORK For the Three Years Ending March 1977 Date of Issue: August 1977 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Members who participated in editing this issue of the Proceedings were: Berry Baker, Eugene Eisenmann, John Farrand, Jr., and Mary LeCroy. The Committee wishes to thank Alice Oliveri for typing manuscripts. Catherine Pessino, Editor Breeding Populations of Terns and Skimmers on Long Island Sound and Eastern Long Island: 1972-19751 DAVID DUFFY By 1972, it had become apparent to many working on colonial sea birds that the nesting terns and skimmers of Long Island were being increasingly exposed to a broad spectrum of pressures that might be causing severe changes in their populations. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) had been implicated in birth deformities of Common and Roseate Terns (Sterna hirundo and S. dougallii; Hays and Risebrough 1972). Mercury had been linked to feather loss in young terns (Gochfeld 1971). Egg shell thinning had been noted at several colonies in the area (Hays, pers. com.; pers. obs.); such thinning is believed to be caused by deriva tives of DDT (Wiemeyer and Porter 1970; Peakall 1970). Further pressure on tern populations had come from invasions of nesting sites by rats, development of recreational beaches, human harassment, and natural suc cession rendering colony sites unfit for nesting. For all of these factors there were only scattered and often anecdotal accounts of acute situations. What, if any, long-term effect there might be for the tern populations was unknown. Were Common and Roseate Terns holding their own? Or were they, instead, retreating to a few, safe colonies as their populations declined? Little as we knew of Commons and Rose ates, we knew even less of what was happening to Least Terns (Sterna albifrons) and Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger). -
NYS Takes Step to Protect Whales, Seals, and Sea Turtles Around Plum Island
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE June 18, 2019 Contact Laura McMillan, [email protected], 540-292-8429 NYS takes step to protect whales, seals, and sea turtles around Plum Island Southold, New York – In the span of just a few hours last Friday, the New York State Assembly and Senate unanimously passed legislation to improve protections for marine mammals and sea turtles in New York waters of eastern Long Island Sound. It also allows for the creation of a New York State bird conservation area. The Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Protection Area legislation establishes a protection area in New York State-owned waters around Plum, Great Gull, and Little Gull Islands that recognizes the zone as important for sea turtles, whales, porpoises, and seals; it is designed to not negatively impact fishing. The bill directs the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation to bring together the expertise of a broad range of organizations and individuals, including marine researchers, museums and academics, state agencies, and local governments. This advisory committee will be asked to consider how the archipelago and the waters surrounding it are interconnected, and then develop recommendations for protection measures. The bill, originally written and sponsored by Assemblyman Steve Englebright, has been proposed for several years. “This legislation will make the most of experts in marine life and birds, agency personnel and local officials, nonprofits, and others in considering the ecologically integrated relationship among Plum, Great Gull, and Little Gull Islands and the waters around them—and how to protect that area’s diverse and valuable marine resources, as well as traditional fishing activities,” said Louise Harrison, New York natural areas coordinator for Save the Sound. -
Annual Report \
DEPARTMENT OF . NORTHERN AFFAIRS •CANADA AND NATIONAL RES81t1C'ES ANNUAL REPORT FISCAL YEAR 1954-1955 HUMAN PROBLEMS IN THE CANADIAN NORTH \ \ \ \ \ CANADA ANNUAL REPORT DEPARTMENT OF Northern Affairs and National Resources Fiscal Year 1954 ·1955 and Human Problems in the Canadian North Price, 50 cents To His Excellency the Right Honourable Vincent Massey, C.H., Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of Canada. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR ExCELLENCY: The undersigned has the honour to lay before Your Excellency the Annual Report of the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1955. Respectfully submitted, JEAN LESAGE, Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources. 61937-11 The Honourable Jean Lesage, M.P., Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources, Ottawa. SIR: I have the honour to submit the Second Annual Report of the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources which covers the fiscal year ended on the 31st of March, 1955. The Report is prefaced by an article concerning human problems in the Canadian north, a matter of special interest at the present time. Your obedient servant, R. G. ROBERTSON, Deputy Minister. DepartDlent of Northern Affairs and National Resources Minister ....................... HON. JEAN LESAGE Executive Assistant ............. G. A. CODERRE Private Secretary .............. DENYS PARE Deputy Minister's Office Deputy Minister ................ R. G. ROBERTSON Assistant Deputy Minister ....... C. W. JACKSON Assistant Deputy Minister ....... M. LAMONTAGNE Executive Officer ................ R. A. J. PHlLLIPS Secretary, Advisory Committee on Northern Development ........ G. W. ROWLEY Northern Administralion and Lands Branch Director ........................ F. J. G. CUNNINGHAM Territorial Division ....................... Chief-F. FRASER Arctic Division ..........................