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FREETHE 12 DAYS OF EBOOK

Robert Sabuda | 14 pages | 02 Oct 2006 | SIMON & SCHUSTER | 9781416926382 | English | New York, United States The 12 Days of Christmas - Christmas Customs and Traditions - whychristmas?com

The tunes of collected versions vary. The standard tune now associated with it is derived from a arrangement of a traditional folk melody by English composer Frederic Austinwho introduced the familiar prolongation of the verse "five gold rings" now often "five golden rings". There are twelve verses, each describing a gift given by "my true love" The 12 Days of Christmas one of the . There are many variations in the lyrics. The lyrics given here are from Frederic Austin 's publication that established the current form of the carol. On the first day of Christmas my true love sent to me A partridge in a pear tree. On the second day of Christmas my true love sent to me Two turtle dovesAnd a partridge in a pear tree. On the third day of Christmas my true love sent to me Three French hensTwo turtle doves, And a partridge in a pear tree. Subsequent verses follow the same pattern, each adding one new gift and repeating all the earlier gifts so that each verse is one line longer than its predecessor:. The earliest known version of the lyrics was The 12 Days of Christmas in London under the title "The Twelve Days of Christmas sung at King Pepin's Ball", as part of a children's book, Mirth without Mischief. For ease of comparison with Austin's version given above: a differences in wording, ignoring capitalisation and punctuation, are indicated in italics ; b The 12 Days of Christmas that do not appear at all in Austin's version are indicated in bold italics. The king sent his lady on the thirteenth day, Three stalks o' merry corn, Three maids a-merry dancing, Three hinds a-merry hunting, An Arabian baboon, Three swans a-merry swimming, Three ducks a-merry laying, A bull that was brown, Three goldspinks, Three starlings, A goose that was grey, Three plovers, Three partridges, A pippin go aye; Wha learns my carol and carries it away? Similarly, Iceland has a Christmas tradition where " Yule Lads " put gifts in The 12 Days of Christmas shoes of children for each of the 13 nights of Christmas. In the Faroe Islandsthere is a comparable counting Christmas song. The gifts include: one feather, two geese, three sides The 12 Days of Christmas meat, four sheep, five cows, six oxen, seven dishes, eight ponies, nine banners, ten barrels, eleven goats, twelve men, thirteen hides, fourteen rounds of cheese and fifteen deer. According to de Coussemaker, the song was recorded "in the part of [French] Flanders that borders on the Pas de Calais ". The exact origins and the meaning of the song are unknown, but it is highly probable that it originated from a children's memory and forfeit game. The twelve days in the song are the twelve days starting with Christmas Day, or in some traditions, the day after Christmas 26 or St. Stephen 's Day, as being the feast day of St. is defined The 12 Days of Christmas the Oxford English Dictionary as "the evening of the fifth of , preceding Twelfth Day, the eve of the , formerly the last day of the Christmas festivities and observed as a time of merrymaking. The best known English version was first printed in in a book intended for children, Mirth without MischiefThe 12 Days of Christmas a memorization game to be played on Twelfth Night. Participants were required to repeat a verse The 12 Days of Christmas poetry recited by the leader. Players who made an error were required to pay a penalty, in the form of offering a kiss or confection. In the northern counties of England, the song was often called the "Ten Days of Christmas", as there were only ten gifts. It was also known in SomersetDorsetand elsewhere in England. The kinds of gifts vary in a number of the versions, some of them becoming alliterative tongue-twisters. There is evidence pointing to the North of England, specifically the area around Newcastle upon Tyneas the origin of the carol. Husk, in the excerpt quoted below, stated that the The 12 Days of Christmas was "found on broadsides printed at Newcastle at various periods during the last hundred and fifty years", i. In addition, many of the nineteenth century citations come from the Newcastle area. Halliwellwriting instated that "[e]ach child in succession repeats the gifts of the day, and forfeits for each mistake. Salmon, writing from Newcastle, claimed in that the song "[had] been, up to within twenty years, extremely popular as a schoolboy's Christmas chant". Husk, The 12 Days of Christmas instated: [40]. This piece is found on broadsides printed at Newcastle at various periods during the last hundred and fifty years. On one of these sheets, nearly a century old, it is entitled "An Old English Carol," but it can scarcely be said to fall within that description of composition, being rather fitted for use in playing the game of "Forfeits," to which purpose it was commonly applied in the metropolis upwards of forty years since. The practice was for one person in the The 12 Days of Christmas to recite the first three lines; a second, the four following; and so on; the person who failed in repeating her portion correctly being subjected to some trifling forfeit. Thomas Hughesin a short story published indescribed a fictional game of Forfeits involving the song: [17]. So the party sat down round Mabel on benches brought out from under the table, and Mabel began, The second day of Christmas my true love sent to me two turtle-doves, a partridge, and a pear-tree. The third day of Christmas my true love sent to me three fat hens, two turtle-doves, a partridge, and a pear-tree. The fourth day of Christmas my true love sent to me four ducks quacking, three fat hens, two turtle-doves, a partridge, and a pear-tree. The fifth day of Christmas my true love sent to me five hares running, four ducks quacking, three fat hens, two turtle-doves, a partridge, and a pear-tree. And so on. Each day was taken up and repeated all round; and for every breakdown except by little Maggie, who The 12 Days of Christmas with desperately earnest round eyes to follow the rest correctly, but with very comical resultsthe player who made the slip was duly noted down by Mabel for a. Barnesstated that the last verse "is to be said in one breath". Scottreminiscing about Christmas and New Year's celebrations in Newcastle around the yeardescribed a performance thus: [25]. A lady begins it, generally an elderly lady, singing the first line in a high clear voice, the person sitting next The 12 Days of Christmas up the second, the third follows, at first gently, but before twelfth day is reached the whole circle were joining in with stentorian noise and wonderful enjoyment. Lady Gomme wrote in [41]. The party was usually a mixed gathering of juveniles and adults, mostly relatives, and before supper — that is, before eating mince The 12 Days of Christmas and twelfth cake — this game and the cushion dance were played, and the forfeits consequent upon them always cried. The company were all seated round the room. The leader of the game commenced by saying the first line. This was continued until the lines The 12 Days of Christmas the "twelve days" were said by every player. For every mistake a forfeit — a small article belonging to the person — had to be given up. These forfeits were afterwards "cried" in the usual way, and were not returned to the owner until they had been redeemed by the penalty inflicted being performed. According to The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes"Suggestions have been made that the gifts have significance, as representing the food or sport for each month of the year. Importance [certainly has] long been attached to the Twelve Days, when, for instance, the weather on each day was carefully observed to see what it would be in the corresponding month of the coming year. Nevertheless, whatever the ultimate origin of the chant, it seems probable [that] the lines that survive today both in England and are merely an irreligious travesty. An anonymous "antiquarian", writing inspeculated that "pear-tree" is a corruption of French perdrix partridgeand "colley" a corruption of French collet ruff, hence "we at once have a bird with a ruff, i. Cecil Sharpwriting inobserved that "from the constancy in English, French, and Languedoc versions of the 'merry little partridge,' I suspect that 'pear-tree' is really perdrix Old French pertriz carried into England"; and "juniper tree" in some English versions may have been "joli perdrix," [pretty partridge]. Sharp also suggests the adjective "French" in "three French hens", probably simply means "foreign". The 12 Days of Christmas to Iona and Peter Opiethe red-legged or French partridge perches in trees more frequently than the native common or grey partridge and was not successfully introduced into England until about William S. Baring-Gould suggests that the presents sent on the first seven days were all birds —the "five gold rings" were not actually gold rings, but refer to the five The 12 Days of Christmas rings of the ringed pheasant. Ina Canadian hymnologist, Hugh D. McKellar, published an article, "How to Decode the Twelve Days of Christmas", in which he suggested The 12 Days of Christmas "The Twelve Days of Christmas" lyrics were intended as a catechism song to help young English Catholics learn their faith, at a time when practising Catholicism was against the law from until Three years later, inFr. Hal Stockert wrote an article subsequently posted on-line in in which he suggested a similar possible use of the twelve gifts as part of a catechism. None of the enumerated items The 12 Days of Christmas distinguish Catholics from Protestants, and so would hardly need to be secretly encoded. English composer Frederic Austin fitted the words to a traditional melody, to which he added his own two-bar motif for "Five gold rings". The time signature of this song is not constant, unlike most popular music. This irregular meter perhaps reflects the song's folk origin. The introductory lines "On the [ n th] day of Christmas, my true love gave The 12 Days of Christmas me", are made up of two 4 4 barswhile most of the lines naming gifts receive one 3 4 bar per gift with the exception of "Five gold rings", which receives two 4 4 bars, "Two turtle doves" getting a 4 4 bar with "And a" on its fourth beat and "partridge in a pear tree" getting two 4 4 bars of music. In most versions, a 4 4 bar of music immediately follows "partridge in a pear tree". The successive bars of three for the gifts surrounded by bars of four give the song its hallmark "hurried" quality. The second to fourth verses' melody is different from that of the fifth to twelfth verses. Before the fifth verse when "Five gold rings" is first sungthe melody, using solfegeis "sol re mi fa re" for the fourth to second items, and this same melody is thereafter sung for the twelfth to sixth items. However, the melody for "four colly birds, three French hens, two turtle doves" changes from this point, differing from the way these lines were sung in the opening four verses. In the final verse, Austin inserted a flourish on the words "Five gold rings". This has not been copied by later versions, which simply repeat the melody from the earlier verses. A similar melody, possibly related to the "traditional" melody on which Austin based his arrangement, was recorded in Providence, Rhode Island in and published in In the 19th century, most sources for the lyrics do not include music, and those that do often include music different from what has become The 12 Days of Christmas standard melody. Cecil Sharp's Folk Songs from Somerset contains two different melodies for the song, both distinct from the now-standard melody. This melody for "The Twelve Days" was published in It was "collected by the late Mr. John The 12 Days of Christmas, of Gateshead, about eighty years ago" [i. This melody was current in "country villages in Wiltshire", according to an newspaper article. Sincethe cumulative costs of the items mentioned in the song have been used as a tongue-in-cheek economic indicator. Assuming the gifts are repeated in full in each round of the song, then a total of items are delivered by the twelfth day. The former is an index of the current costs of one set of each of the gifts given by the True Love to the singer of the song "The Twelve Days of Christmas". The latter is the cumulative cost of all the gifts with the repetitions listed in the song. The people mentioned in the song are hired, not purchased. The index has been criticised for not accurately reflecting the true cost of the gifts featured in the . From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. English Christmas carol. Older Musical settings of "Twelve Days of Christmas". This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. January Learn how and when to remove this template message. Main article: Christmas Price Index. "12 Days of Christmas" Real Meaning & History of Lyrics

Originally a poem written by Catholic clerics, this song was transformed into a carol at a time when celebrating the twelve days of Christmas was one of the most important holiday customs. By understanding the meaning the clerics chose the twelve days as wrapping for their poem, the full impact of the tradition of the twelve days of Christmas can be understood. The partridge in a pear tree represents , the Son of God, whose birthday we celebrate on the first day of Christmas. Christ is symbolically presented as a mother partridge, the only bird that will die to protect its young. These twin birds represent the Old and New Testaments. The doves are the biblical roadmap that is available to everyone. These birds represent faith, hope, and love. This gift hearkens back to 1 Corinthians 13the love chapter written by the apostle Paul. The gift of the rings represents the first five books of the Old Testament, known as the Torah or the Pentateuch. These lyrics can be traced back to the first story found in the Bible. It would take someone quite familiar with the Bible to identify this gift. Hidden in the code are the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit: prophecy, ministry, teaching, exhortation, giving, leading, and compassion. As swans are one of the most beautiful and graceful creatures on earth, they would seem to be a perfect symbol The 12 Days of Christmas the spiritual gifts. As Christ came to save even the lowest of the low, this gift represents the ones who would receive his word and accept his grace. Being a milkmaid was about the worst job one could have in England during this period; this code conveyed that Jesus cared as much about servants as he did those of royal blood. These nine dancers were really the gifts known as the fruit of the Spirit. The fruits are love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness, and The 12 Days of Christmas. This is probably the easiest gift to understand. As lords were judges and in charge of the law, this code for the Ten Commandments was fairly straightforward to Catholics. This is almost a trick question, as most think of the disciples in terms of a dozen. But when Judas betrayed Jesus and committed suicide, there The 12 Days of Christmas only eleven men who carried out the message. The final gift is tied directly to the . I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was The 12 Days of Christmas, died, and was buried. He descended into hell. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again to judge the living and the dead. Teaching the Catholic faith was outlawed in sixteenth-century England. Those who instructed their children in Catholicism could be drawn and quartered. Thus, the church went underground. To hide the important and illegal elements of their teaching, clerics The 12 Days of Christmas poems that seemed sill to most people. Most people today believe that the twelve days of Christmas start on December 12th or 13th and run through or The 12 Days of Christmas Day. But in fact, the first day of Christmas is December 25th and the final day is January 5th. Why were these twelve days important? These dozen days were tied to more than just the teaching of the Catholic Church. A host of other denominations also celebrated the twelve days of Christmas. Some denominations celebrated Christmas in January and began to count the twelve days then. But whenever they began, the counting of the days became an important facet of each holiday season. Even in the Dark Ages, in some Eastern European churches, the twelve days of Christmas meant attending daily church services. For Christians who lived during this extremely difficult age, the twelve days were a time of rededication and renewal. It was also a period when small, simple, and usually symbolic gifts of faith were given to children. Thus, in both coded poems and public worship, the twelve days were considered a holy period. For many Christians today, even the recognition of the twelve days of Christmas has been lost. The first is that when Epiphany lost out to Christmas as the day of giving gifts, many simply quit celebrating the twelve-day observance. The other reason is The 12 Days of Christmas more on the change in the fabric of culture than on overlooking the Christian holiday of Epiphany. In ancient times, when most societies were rural, few people worked in the dead The 12 Days of Christmas winter. So devoting a dozen days to prayer, reflection, and attending church was not a huge undertaking. Yet with the coming of the Industrial Age and the regular year-round work schedules it brought, finding time to continue the activities that had been traditionally associated with the twelve days of Christmas became all but impossible for most people. As fewer and fewer churches and families participated in the tradition, it was all but lost. And the twelve days described are actually a wonderful and complete picture of the Christian faith. The person who receives the gifts represents anyone who has accepted Christ as the Son of God and as Savior. And each of The 12 Days of Christmas gifts portrays an important facet of the story of true faith. So, just a silly song? On the surface maybe, but in reality, a refreshing reminder of the essential elements of Christian faith. In the complicated world of today, a trip back to the not-so-distant past when Christians celebrated the twelve days of Christmas would only enhance the meaning of Christmas for everyone. Based in Arkadelphia, Arkansas, he continues to publish several new titles each year. This article is part of our larger Christmas and resource library centered around the events leading up to the birth of Jesus Christ. We hope these articles help you understand the meaning and story behind important Christian holidays and dates and encourage you as you take time to reflect on all that God has done for us through his son Jesus Christ! What is Christmas? Then This Is a Must-Read. Follow Crosswalk. What Are the 12 Days of Christmas? | HowStuffWorks

Inthe Council of Tours "proclaimed the twelve days from Christmas to Epiphany as a sacred and festive season, and established the duty of Advent in preparation for the feast. Federerstates that this was done in order to solve the "administrative problem for the Roman Empire as it tried to coordinate the solar Julian The 12 Days of Christmas with the lunar calendars of its provinces in the east. The Armenian Apostolic Church and celebrate the Birth and Baptism of Christ on the same day, [14] so The 12 Days of Christmas there is no distinction between a feast of Christmas and a feast of The 12 Days of Christmas. The Oriental Orthodox other than the Armeniansthe Eastern Orthodoxand the Eastern Catholics who follow the same traditions have a twelve-day interval between the two feasts. Christmas and Epiphany are celebrated by these churches on 25 December and 6 January using the Julian calendarwhich correspond to 7 January and 19 January using the Gregorian calendar. The Twelve Days, using the Gregorian calendar, end at sunset on 18 January. The period between Christmas and Epiphany is fast-free. The Nativity of Christ is a three-day celebration: the formal title of the first day The 12 Days of Christmas. Christmas Eve is "The Nativity According to the Flesh of our Lord, God and Saviour Jesus Christ", and celebrates not only the Nativity of Jesusbut also the Adoration of the Shepherds of and the arrival of the Magi ; the second day is referred to as the " of the ", and commemorates the role of the Virgin Mary in the Incarnation ; the third day is known as the "Third Day of the Nativity", and is also the feast day of the Protodeacon and Protomartyr . The of the Nativity similar to the Western continues until 31 December that day is known as the Apodosis or "leave-taking" of the Nativity. The following the Nativity is commemorated by special readings from the 1 Tim —16 and Gospel Matt —21 during the . Another of the more prominent festivals that are included among the Twelve Great Feasts is that of the Circumcision of Christ on 1 January. On 2 January begins the Forefeast of the Theophany. The Eve of the Theophany on 5 January is a day of strict fastingon which the devout will not eat anything until the first star is seen at night. That morning is the celebration of the Royal Hours and then the Divine combined with Vespersat the conclusion of which is celebrated the Great Blessing of Watersin commemoration of the Baptism The 12 Days of Christmas Jesus in the Jordan River. There are certain parallels between the chanted on Paramony and those of Good Fridayto show that, according to Orthodox theologythe steps that Jesus took into the Jordan River were the first steps on the way to the Cross. Christmas Dayif it is considered to be part of the Twelve Days of Christmas and not as the day preceding the Twelve Days, [2] is celebrated by Christians as the liturgical feast of the Nativity of the Lord. It is a public holiday in many nations, including some where the majority of the population is not Christian. On this see the articles on Christmas and . Stephen's Day ", a feast The 12 Days of Christmas in the Western Church. In and its former colonies, it is also the secular holiday of Boxing Day. In some parts of it is denominated " ". Sylvester I and is known also as " Silvester ". The transition that evening to the new year is an occasion for secular festivities in many nations, and in several languages is known as "St. New Year's Day on 1 January is an occasion for further secular festivities or for rest from the celebrations of the night before. It has also been celebrated, and still is in some denominations, as the Feast of the Circumcision of Christbecause according to Jewish tradition He would have been circumcised on the eighth day after His Birth, inclusively counting the first day and last day. This day, or some day proximate to it, is also celebrated by the Roman Catholics as World Day of Peace. In many nations, e. That , then, together with customary observances associated with it, usually occur within the Twelve Days of Christmas, The 12 Days of Christmas if these are considered to end on 5 January rather than 6 January. The Second Council of Tours of noted that, in the area for which The 12 Days of Christmas bishops were responsible, the days between Christmas and Epiphany were, like the month of August, taken up entirely with saints' days. Monks were therefore in principle not bound to fast on those days. The Fourth Council The 12 Days of Christmas Toledo ordered a strict fast on those days, on the model of the Lenten fast. In England in the Middle Ages, this period was one of continuous feasting and merrymaking, which climaxed on Twelfth Night, the traditional end of the Christmas season. In Tudor England, Twelfth Night itself was forever solidified in popular culture when used it The 12 Days of Christmas the setting for one of his most famous stage plays, titled Twelfth Night. Often a was chosen to lead the Christmas revels. Some of these traditions were adapted from the older pagan customs, including the Roman and the Germanic Yuletide. The early North American colonists brought their version The 12 Days of Christmas the Twelve Days over from England, and adapted them to their new country, adding their own variations over the years. For example, the modern-day Christmas may have originated with these colonials. Making the was one of the traditions of Christmas Eve ; they would remain hung on each home's front door beginning on Christmas Night first night of Christmas through Twelfth Night or Epiphany morning. As was already the tradition in their native England, all decorations would be taken down by Epiphany morning and the remainder of the edibles would be consumed. A special cake, the king cakewas also baked then for Epiphany. Boxing Day26 December, is a national holiday in The 12 Days of Christmas Commonwealth nations. stories by Charles Dickensand others, particularly A Christmas Carolhold key elements of the celebrations such as the consumption of plum puddingroasted goose and . These foods are consumed more at the beginning of the Twelve Days in the UK. Twelfth Night is the last day for decorations to be taken down, and it is held to be bad luck to leave decorations up after this. In the United States, Christmas Day is a federal holiday which holds additional religious significance for Christians. Contributing factors include the popularity of the stories of in nineteenth-century America, with their emphasis on generous giving; introduction of secular traditions in the 19th and 20th centuries, e. Presently, the commercial practice treats the Solemnity of Christmas25 December, the first day of Christmas, as the last day of the "Christmas" marketing season, as the numerous "after- Christmas sales" that commence on 26 December demonstrate. The commercial calendar has encouraged an erroneous assumption that the Twelve Days end on Christmas Day and must therefore The 12 Days of Christmas on 14 December. Christians who celebrate the Twelve Days may give gifts on each of them, with each of the Twelve Days representing a wish for a corresponding month of the new year. They may feast on traditional foods and otherwise celebrate the entire time through the morning of the Solemnity of Epiphany. Contemporary traditions include lighting a candle for each day, singing the verse of the corresponding day from the famous The Twelve Days of Christmasand lighting a on Christmas Eve and letting it burn some more on each of the twelve nights. For some, the Twelfth Night remains the The 12 Days of Christmas of the most festive parties and exchanges of gifts. Some households exchange gifts on the first 25 December and last 5 January days of the Twelve Days. As in former times, the Twelfth Night to the morning of Epiphany is the traditional time during which The 12 Days of Christmas trees and decorations are removed. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Period between 25 December and 5 January. This article is about the religious period. The . This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. December The 12 Days of Christmas how and when to remove this template message. The American Book of Days. January 5th: Twelfth Night or Epiphany Eve. Twelfth Night, the last evening of the traditional Twelve Days of Christmas, has been observed with festive celebration ever since the Middle Ages. Christian Resource Institute. Retrieved 20 December The Twelve Days of Christmas In some traditions, the first day of Christmas begins on the evening of December 25th with the following day considered the First Day of Christmas December 26th. In these traditions, the twelve days begin [th] and include Epiphany on January 6[th]. New York: Church Publishing Incorporated. January Retrieved 24 December On the Twelve Days of Christmas Alleluia. Unto us a child is born: O come, let us adore Him. Armour Publishing. As with the cycle, churches today celebrate the Christmas cycle in different ways. Practically all Protestants observe Christmas itself, with services on 25 December or the evening before. Francis X. Catholic Culture. The Council of Tours proclaimed the twelve days from Christmas to Epiphany as a sacred and festive season, and established the duty of Advent fasting in preparation for the feast. The Council of Braga forbade fasting on Christmas Day. The Guardian. Retrieved 25 December Around the year the feasts of St Stephen, and the Holy Innocents were added on succeeding days, and in the Council of Tours ratified the enduring day cycle between the nativity and the epiphany. Companion to the Calendar. Liturgy Training Publications. In the year the church council of Tours called the 13 days between December 25 and January 6 a festival season. The Catholic Encyclopedia. New Advent. Retrieved 15 December The Second Council of Tours can. Popular merry-making, however, so increased that the "Laws of King Cnut", fabricated c. Retrieved 17 December Quest Books. This arrangement became an administrative problem for the Roman Empire as it tried to coordinate the solar The 12 Days of Christmas calendar with the lunar calendars of its provinces in the east. While the Romans could roughly match the months in the two systems, the four cardinal points of the solar year--the two equinoxes and solstices-- still fell on different dates. By the time of the first century, the calendar date of the in Egypt and Palestine was eleven to twelve days later than the date in Rome. https://static.s123-cdn-static.com/uploads/4570629/normal_5fc4206ed9134.pdf https://static.s123-cdn-static.com/uploads/4573602/normal_5fc5036647832.pdf https://cdn.sqhk.co/kirstengarciaie/ie7jghi/the-official-lsat-superprep-ii-the-champion-of-lsat-prep-12.pdf https://static.s123-cdn-static.com/uploads/4571496/normal_5fc4ceea80330.pdf https://static.s123-cdn-static.com/uploads/4569819/normal_5fc49d8752ee0.pdf https://cdn.sqhk.co/davidhuntla/GqBciie/state-estimation-in-chemometrics-the-kalman-filter-and-beyond-29.pdf