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Wildflower Plant Characteristics for Pollinator and Conservation Plantings

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Wildflower Plant Characteristics for Pollinator and Conservation Plantings Prepared By: Shawnna Clark and Kelly Gill 1 Wildflower Plant Characteristics for Pollinator and Conservation Plantings in the Northeast US Soil Bloom Bloom Height Wetland Scientific Name Common name Drainage Seeds/# 5 Other Time2 Color (ft)3 Indicator4 Class Achillea millefolium yarrow july-aug white 1-3 WD-MWD FACU 180,000 low moisture needs july- Establishes quickly, fragrant showy spikes of flowers on upper Agastache foeniculum anise hyssop purple 2-5 WD-MWD UPL 1,400,000 sept stems, grows best in full-partial sun and dry-medium moisture Agastache purple giant july- purple 3-4 MWD-SPD FACW 1,240,000 attractive to bees and butterflies, birds scrophulariifolia hyssop sept june- Apocynum cannabinum Indian hemp white 2-4 WD-SPD FACU 500,000 extensive root system, aggressive and can become weedy aug One of the earliest wildflowers to bloom; striking red flowers with Aquilegia canadensis Eastern columbine apr red 1-2 WD FACU 504,000 yellow centers; grows best in partial shade and moist soils pink/ Asclepias exalta poke milkweed july-aug 4-6 WD-MWD UPL 48,000 great for wood edges purple branching habit; grows best in full-partial sun and moderate-wet Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed july-aug pink 3-6 SPD-PD OBL 75,000 conditions; tolerates occasional flooding; great for monarch; high deer resistant, slow to spread common pink grows best in full sun and moist soils; but will tolerate a variety of Asclepias syriaca july-aug 3-4 WD-MWD UPL 70,000 milkweed purple situations; larval plant for monarchs, can spread quickly late grows best in full sun and dry-mesic soils; develops slowly butterfly Asclepias tuberosa june- orange 1-2 WD-MWD FACU 70,000 forming a long taproot; very drought tolerant, attractive to milkweed aug monarchs late may- purple/ Native legume; bushy habit; can be slow to establish; grows best in Baptisia australis blue false indigo 3-5 WD-MWD FACU 36,000 june blue full sun and dry-medium soils june- Baptisia tinctoria wild indigo yellow 2-3 WD-MWD FACU 300,000 very low maintenance aug 2 Wildflower Plant Characteristics for Pollinator and Conservation Plantings in the Northeast US Soil Bloom Bloom Height Wetland Scientific Name Common name Drainage Seeds/# 5 Other Time2 Color (ft)3 Indicator4 Class nodding bur Bidens cernua aug-sept yellow 2-3 MWD-PD OBL 271,000 annual/short lived marigold Bidens frondosa beggar's tick aug-sept yellow 1-3 MWD-SPD FACW 145,000 annual may- Caltha palustris marsh marigold yellow 1-3 SPD-PD OBL 600,000 wet june Reseeding annual legume; easy to grow; grows best in full-partial late Chamaecrista fasciculata partridge pea yellow 1-3 WD-MWD FACU 65,000 sun and average to dry soils; avoid 'Lark' accession which can be july-aug too aggressive for mixes; Chelone glabra white turtlehead july-aug White 2-4 SPD-PD OBL 1,300,000 good for shady woods, and wet areas, attractive to butterflies Cirsium discolor field thistle aug-sept pink 4-6 WD UPL 95,000 short-lived, not aggressive light Conoclinium coelostinum mistflower aug-sept 2-3 MWD-SPD FAC 4,000,000 spreads quickly purple Easy to establish; adaptable wildflower; grows best in full sun and lanced-leaved june- Coreopsis lanceolata yellow 2-4 WD-MWD FACU 210,000 dry-medium soils; tolerates poor soils with sandy, gravely, rocky coreopsis july material june- Reseeding annual; grows best in full sun and moderate moisture; Coreopsis tinctoria plains coreopsis yellow 2-4 WD-MWD FACU 1,650,000 aug may compete during establishment, include in mix at low rate Coreopsis tripteris tall tickseed aug-sept yellow 3-6 WD-MWD FAC 210,000 prolific seeder pink/ Desmodium canadense showy tick trefoil aug-sept 2-5 WD-SPD FAC 88,000 legume, can become invasive purple 3 Wildflower Plant Characteristics for Pollinator and Conservation Plantings in the Northeast US Soil Bloom Bloom Height Wetland Scientific Name Common name Drainage Seeds/# 5 Other Time2 Color (ft)3 Indicator4 Class panicled tick july- Desmodium paniculatum purple 2-4 WD-MWD FACU 140,000 trefoil sept Doellingeria umbellata flat top white aster aug-sept white 2-4 WD-PD FACW 860,000 grow best in full-partial sun and slightly wet-moist conditions pale purple light Echinacea pallida aug 2-4 WD-MWD UPL 90,000 coneflower purple july- Common, widely grown, easy to establish, grows best in full sun Echinacea purpurea purple coneflower purple 2-4 WD-MWD FAC 115,000 sept and dry-moderate moisture; very drought tolerant white- Eryngium yuccifolium rattlesnake master aug-sept 4-6 WD-PD FAC 145,000 Low moisture needs green july- typically forms vegetative colonies; grows best in full-partial sun Eupatorium perfoliatum boneset white 3-5 SPD-PD FACW 3,000,000 sept and medium-wet conditions pink- Eutrochium purpureum purple pye weed aug-sept 3-6 WD-SPD FAC 790,000 purple late aug- grows best in full sun-moderate shade and average to dry Eurybia macrophylla bigleaf aster purple 2-3 WD-MWD UPL 800,000 oct conditions, moderate spreading habit grass-leaved late aug- flowers bloom gradually, important late season nectar plant for fall- Euthamia graminifolia yellow 3-4 SPD-MWD FAC 5,600,000 goldenrod sept migrating monarchs, can spread quickly spotted joe pye pink- Tall plant; adaptable species; grows best in full sun-partial shade Eutrochium maculatum july-aug 4-7 SPD-PD OBL 1,500,000 weed purple and medium-wet soils; tolerates irregular or season inundation Native to mid-western states, but widely planted; easy to establish, june- Gaillardia aristata blanket flower red 2-3 WD FACU 160,000 grows best in full sun ; drought tolerant; use for added diversity in sept native plantings 4 Wildflower Plant Characteristics for Pollinator and Conservation Plantings in the Northeast US Soil Bloom Bloom Height Wetland Scientific Name Common name Drainage Seeds/# 5 Other Time2 Color (ft)3 Indicator4 Class purple/ Gerntiana andrewsii bottle gentian sept-oct 1-2 SPD-PD FACW 9,000,000 medium water needs blue meadow bottle blue/ Gentiana clausa sept 1-2 WD-SPD FACW 2,500,000 gentian purple may- Geranium maculatum wild geranium purple 1-2 WD-SPD FACU 81,000 june common late aug- Helenium autumnale yellow 3-5 WD-SPD FACW 2,000,000 Abundant, grows best in full sun and medium-wet moisture sneezeweed sept purplehead Abundant, 3-lobed yellow petals and purple centers; grows best in Helenium flexuosum aug-oct yellow 1-3 WD-SPD FAC 1,900,000 sneezeweed full sun-partial shade and average-moist conditions Upright clumping form with late-blooming bright yellow flowers; Helianthus angustifolius swamp sunflower aug-oct yellow 5-7 SPD-PD FACW 440,000 grows best in full fun and medium-wet moisture july- Helianthus giganteus giant sunflower yellow 6-9 MWD-SPD FACW 160,000 large plant, small flowers sept sawtooth Helianthus grosseserratus aug-sept yellow 4-5 MWD-SPD FACW 270,000 sunflower Maximillian's Helianthus maximiliani aug-sept yellow 6-9 WD-MWD UPL 180,000 sunflower Helianthus mollis ashy sunflower aug-sept yellow 3-6 WD UPL 125,000 covered with hairs, spreads quickly woodland Helianthis strumosus aug yellow 3-6 WD-MWD FACU 95,000 fast growing sunflower 5 Wildflower Plant Characteristics for Pollinator and Conservation Plantings in the Northeast US Soil Bloom Bloom Height Wetland Scientific Name Common name Drainage Seeds/# 5 Other Time2 Color (ft)3 Indicator4 Class ox eye (false) branching form, can become bushy in open habitats; grows best in Heliopsis helianthoides july-aug yellow 3-5 ED-MWD FACU 104,000 sunflower full-partial sun and average to dry conditions round-headed Lespedeza capitata aug-sept white 2-4 WD-MWD FACU 159,000 provides food for birds and small wildlife lespedeza Interesting form, flowers that bloom from the top downward; can tall (rough) Liatris aspera july-aug purple 2-4 WD FACU 256,000 be slow to establish, grows best in full-partial sun and medium-wet blazing star soils; drought tolerant Liatris spicata marsh blazing star july-aug purple 2-3 WD-SPD FAC 130,000 good for rain gardens june- grows best filtered/light shade-full sun and wet to moderate Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower red 1-3 SPD-PD OBL 7,320,000 aug moisture july- grows best in partial sun-filtered shade and moist soils, but can Lobelia siphilitica great blue lobelia purple 2-4 SPD-PD FACW 6,900,000 sept adapt to drier conditions with more shade late may- Lupinus perennis wild lupine blue 1-2 WD FACU 18,800 provides food and habitat for butterflies, not for restoration june june- Mentha arvensis wild mint white 1-2 SPD-PD FACW 4,800,000 aug Alleghany light Mimulus ringens july-aug 1-3 SPD-PD OBL 36,800,000 provides cover for wildlife monkey flower purple Monarda didyma bee balm aug red 2-4 WD-SPD FAC 890,000 great nectar source Persistent, showy clusters of pink to lavender flowers; grows best purple/ Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot july 2-5 WD-MWD FACU 1,200,000 in full-partial sun and medium soils (but adaptable to all but dark pink extremely wet soils); drought tolerant 6 Wildflower Plant Characteristics for Pollinator and Conservation Plantings in the Northeast US Soil Bloom Bloom Height Wetland Scientific Name Common name Drainage Seeds/# 5 Other Time2 Color (ft)3 Indicator4 Class Persistent, showy clusters of reddish-purple flowers, grows best in Monarda media purple bergamot july-aug purple 2-4 WD-SPD FACW 1,120,000 full-partial sun and medium moisture Dense whorls of flowers along stem; short-lived, can reseed, pink/ Monarda punctata spotted beebalm july-aug 1-3 WD UPL 1,440,000 flowers in first year; grows best in full sun and dry conditions; white avoid wet soils, can
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  • Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping Chesapeake Bay Watershed Acknowledgments

    Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping Chesapeake Bay Watershed Acknowledgments

    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping Chesapeake Bay Watershed Acknowledgments Contributors: Printing was made possible through the generous funding from Adkins Arboretum; Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Resource Management; Chesapeake Bay Trust; Irvine Natural Science Center; Maryland Native Plant Society; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; The Nature Conservancy, Maryland-DC Chapter; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service, Cape May Plant Materials Center; and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office. Reviewers: species included in this guide were reviewed by the following authorities regarding native range, appropriateness for use in individual states, and availability in the nursery trade: Rodney Bartgis, The Nature Conservancy, West Virginia. Ashton Berdine, The Nature Conservancy, West Virginia. Chris Firestone, Bureau of Forestry, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Chris Frye, State Botanist, Wildlife and Heritage Service, Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Mike Hollins, Sylva Native Nursery & Seed Co. William A. McAvoy, Delaware Natural Heritage Program, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Mary Pat Rowan, Landscape Architect, Maryland Native Plant Society. Rod Simmons, Maryland Native Plant Society. Alison Sterling, Wildlife Resources Section, West Virginia Department of Natural Resources. Troy Weldy, Associate Botanist, New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Graphic Design and Layout: Laurie Hewitt, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office. Special thanks to: Volunteer Carole Jelich; Christopher F. Miller, Regional Plant Materials Specialist, Natural Resource Conservation Service; and R. Harrison Weigand, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Division for assistance throughout this project.