An A-Z of Planning and Culture 2 3
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1 AN A-Z OF PLANNING AND CULTURE 2 3 Copyright Contents Greater London Authority Page 4 Introduction Page 6 Challenges and opportunities for the capital October 2015 Page 9 Section 1: embedding culture within planning ISBN 978 1 84781 611 5 Page 10 From national to local plans Page 12 The London Plan Greater London Authority Page 14 The local plan Page 16 Planning frameworks City Hall, London SE1 2AA Page 18 The neighbourhood plan Page 20 Section 106 www.london.gov.uk enquiries 020 7983 4100 Page 23 Section 2: working together to sustain culture minicom 020 7983 4458 Page 24 Asset of community value Page 27 Community ownership Page 28 Conservation area Written and researched by Page 30 Listed buildings The Mayor of London’s Culture and Planning teams Page 31 Special Policy Areas Page 32 Article 4 directions With thanks to London Councils, Historic England, London Borough Page 34 Agent of change of Camden, London Borough of Wandsworth, London Borough of Hackney, Page 36 On the horizon London Borough of Lambeth, Consolidated Developments Ltd, Transport Page 38 ‘Magnificent Seven’ for London, Friends of Stockwell Skatepark, RVT Future, Fortune Green and West Hampstead NDF, Antwerp Arms Association, TCPA, Bentley Priory Page 41 Section 3: case studies Museum, Cathedral Group PLC, Acme Studios. page 74 Further support and information page 76 Further reading Front cover: Gieves & Hawkes, Savile Row © GQ magazine / Conde Nast Back cover: Of Soil and Water, King’s Cross Pond Club designed by architects Ooze and artist Marjetica Potrč as part of the King’s Cross public art program RELAY © John Sturrock 4 5 Introduction The planning system plays a vital role in helping make sure we get the right balance. From planning frameworks to assets of community value, there are many ways the planning system Great cities are defined by their culture. supports and sustains culture. They are defined by their history – through their local heritage, This short guide aims to demystify the myriad ways the planning museums and archives, historic buildings, festivals, food and local process can do this. The 13 case studies illustrate the variety of traditions. But a great city is also defined by its contemporary approaches – from agent of change to section 106. We have also culture – its artists and arts venues, film and television, music and suggested the ‘Magnificent Seven’ steps stakeholders can take games, photography and crafts, fashion and design, and its buzzing to continue shaping London’s planning system into the most pro- informal offering from skate parks to restaurants, pubs and night cultural city in the world. Developers too are increasingly realising clubs. Great cities are also defined by their ambitions for the future. the benefits of culture in terms of its ability to add value, support place-making and offer a point of difference. So when we talk about ‘culture’ we mean all of the above. There are many ingredients to a successful city: housing, job This guide is for the people and organisations shaping London’s opportunities, good public transport. But it’s a city’s unique cultural future. It is for councils, developers, planners, community groups life that gives it its USP on the global stage. London’s culture is and people involved in cultural bodies. as important as finance and trade in helping to attract and retain the most talented people. We hope that it highlights the practical planning tools at our disposal. We need to provide new homes, jobs and infrastructure in As the founder of Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales said: ‘In the US, London. At the same time, we can work even more closely together Washington is Politics, LA is Hollywood, San Francisco is Tech, New to nurture and grow the diverse culture and creativity that will help York is advertising and finance, but London is all of those things.’ our city to thrive. But London is also growing rapidly. Planning for this future growth is putting pressure on our existing cultural assets. This is creating challenges for our city’s future as a great cultural capital. There are ‘Culture and creativity are key to London’s success, as a place to live fears about pubs, cinemas and other cultural venues under threat. in, to work, to study and to visit. But as our city continues to grow and There are concerns too about whether artists, designers and other prosper, there is increasing concern that those qualities are under creative talent can continue to live and work in our great city. threat, with artists and other creative talent finding it more difficult to find affordable places to live and work in. It is vital we ensure our London has 103 fewer nightclubs and live music venues than it did artists, creatives and innovators are not squeezed out. This report in 20071, a decline of almost a third. The capital is set to lose 3,500 shows how to make culture integral to all thinking about planning and artist studios2 in the next five years. That equates to a loss of a development and the steps that can be taken to protect London’s third of the capital’s creative workspace. reputation as one of the world’s great cultural capitals.’ Boris Johnson Mayor of London 1. Live Music Venues Audit, Music Venues Taskforce, April 2015 2. Artists’ Workspace Study July 2014 6 7 Challenges and opportunities for the capital City Hall estimates that in order to accommodate such a rapid increase London will need: Culture is as important to London’s success as finance and trade. • 1.5 million more homes The Mayor’s World Cities Culture Report shows us that this is now • 600 more schools and colleges the case in cities all over the world. In fact, 8 out of 10 people • 50 per cent increase in public transport capacity cite culture as a reason to come to London. Tourists now spend • 20 per cent increase in energy supply capacity £13 billion in London every year. Or put another way – the British • 9,000 more hectares of accessible green space Museum gets more visitors than Belgium! • 10 per cent more green cover in central London4 Culture is vitally important to the people who live and work here. The challenge for London is to accommodate this growth while Ask any Londoner if they have a favourite restaurant or theatre maintaining what has made the city such a successful place to live, or even street. Culture encourages a sense of belonging and work and visit. If managed successfully, change will feel organic. connection in the capital. It shapes our experience and defines Residents and business owners will feel that they are effecting who we are. change, not just passively affected by it. Culture also adds value to where we live. We know that people About this guide value living in areas of the capital that offer good architecture, This guide will show how the planning process can help to support design and character. Properties in conservation areas sell for and sustain culture. 23 per cent more than other houses. Even when other factors are adjusted for – such as location and type of property – there is still It is intended to give an overview only and does not set out new a premium of around nine per cent for houses in conservation planning policy or guidance. areas and they show a greater appreciation in value than those in other areas3. It is aimed at those people and organisations who can effect ‘pro-cultural planning’ in London: cultural and community However, London’s population is at a historical all time high groups, developers, councillors and officers, planners and with 8.6 million inhabitants. London’s population is projected planning committees. to grow to 11.3 million inhabitants by 2050 – an increase of 37 per cent from 2011. The guide will help to make planning terminology and processes more accessible. The case studies set out real-world examples of In addition, London is now the most visited city in the world, with the many ways planning can support culture. 18.82 million visitors projected in 2015. By 2022, visitor numbers are forecast to increase to around 21 million. The ‘Magnificent Seven’ shows seven practical steps for stakeholders to work more closely together to sustain and support culture in London. 3. An Assessment of the Effects of Conservation Areas on Value, Historic 4. London Infrastructure Plan 2050, GLA England, 2012 8 9 An A-Z of planning and culture Section 1 Embedding culture within planning w From national to local plans – the ‘golden thread’ of sustainable development w The London Plan – a strategic vision for the capital w The local plan – how local authorities publish their vision for development w Planning frameworks – knitting key sites together w The neighbourhood plan – how communities shape their own neighbourhoods Uphoarding by Mark McClure, Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park © LLDC w Section 106 – adding value to development 10 11 From national to local plans – the ‘golden thread’ Culture as core principle weight of London Plan and local of sustainable development One of the core planning plan policies. principles identified in the NPPF is cultural wellbeing. Planning applications The government’s National a hierarchy of plans – each Along with preparing local plans, Planning Policy Framework layer taking into account the The NPPF seeks to support each local authority determines (NPPF) is a set of national policies of the layer above. local strategies that deliver planning applications and planning policies for England. It community and cultural facilities carries out enforcement against introduces “a presumption in favour In London, the Mayor is in response to demand.