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Verapson to HARVEST VERAISON TO HARVEST Statewide Vineyard Crop Development Update #3 September 14, 2012 Edited by Tim Martinson and Chris Gerling Around New York... Statewide (Tim Martinson). Things are moving rapidly, and harvest will be compressed. Ma- jor processors are looking to wrap up receiving grapes by Sept 24th or 25th for bulk varieties such as Concords – which must be some sort of a record, since Sept 24 has often been historically the ‘open- ing day’ for Concord harvest. According to one processor, com- position-wise Concords and Niagaras are coming in much more like ‘Western’ fruit from Washington – with lower acids, less color, and less prominent ‘concord’ flavor. Niagaras, harvested at higher brix, were reported to have very good quality, though crop is small. For the small to medium-sized winery segment, this coming week should see whites and Pinot noir harvest, with Riesling close on its heels (TAs of our monitored blocks are all under 10 g/l except one), Cabernet Sauvignon in mixed variety block at the Hudson Valley and Bordeaux reds to follow. Brix levels are 2-4 degrees higher laboratory in Highland NY. than last year at this time, and acids 1-3 g/l lower. Photo by Steve Hoying the Hudson Valley slightly modified by earlier spring frost events. Long Island (Alice Wise and Libby Tarleton). Those blocks that set primary clusters are ready with Brix near Harvest is underway on Long Island. After an early budbreak 21.0 and those that set on secondary clusters are slightly (but not and a long hot summer (we have passed 3000 GDD), vineyard too far!) behind. Pinot noir and Chardonnay harvest for sparkling managers are happy to get an early start to harvest as a reward wine is now complete with excellent yields nearing 2 tons/acre. for their labors. Many Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris blocks are being They came in with Brix at 19.2, pH 3.25, and TA’s at 9.2. picked. Some Sauvignon Blanc and even Chardonnay fruit is Other varieties very close to harvest in commercial vineyards coming to the crush pad. Harvest is a bit slow in that field sorting include Pinot noir, Chardonnay, and DeChaunac. Chardonnay is being done in many blocks. This is necessary on some level yields appear to be down this year with lighter crops across the every year as a means of ensuring a quality product is delivered Hudson Valley but most other varieties have full crops. to the winery. Sour rot is present but not nearly as prevalent as last year, probably In the research vineyard, fruit was very sound until late August. A due to more favorable weather conditions and more attention to couple of tropical rains arrived and those alone might have been disease management. Observations indicate that complete leaf tolerable. But a stretch of misty, warm, humid weather seemed to stripping in some vineyards has had a profound effect on the tip the scales. We see a lot of variability with fruit on the eastern incidence of sour rot. There is also some downy mildew showing side of our vineyard doing much better than fruit on the west on the more vigorous varieties. And birds continue to be a major side. We see some possible clonal variation as well - two clones problem with a transition from smaller birds such as chipping of Sauvignon Blanc (376 and 530) are still hanging while we sparrows to the larger flocking species and crows now finding brought in some of cl.1 fruit. Interestingly, Chardonnay appears the vineyards. to be holding up really well, at least in the research vineyard. Why would one of the most rot-susceptible varieties dodge cluster rot? Over the past week, we have continued to have had warm days Undoubtedly it is a confluence of events. It is easy to speculate and cooler nights, and the ¾ inch of rain last weekend has about what made the difference but difficult to prove. This reminds only slightly delayed harvest and fruit maturity. Based on our us how much we don’t fully understand about our vineyards. In vineyard at the Hudson Valley lab, there will be many varieties the research vineyard, Brix were moderate, 19-20, while acids ready to harvest all at the same time in the coming weeks with La hovered between 6.5 and 7 g/l. Crescent, Vignoles, Foch, Pinot Noir, GM 318, Leon Millot, Pinot gris, Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Chelois, Lemberger, GM 322 Hudson Valley (Steve Hoying) (Hybernal), Merlot, Landot noir, Traminette, and Cabernet franc This appears to be the week for serious Seyval blanc harvest in all above 20 Brix. Page 1 Finger Lakes (Hans Walter-Peterson) berry). Other growers who regularly estimate crops at 30 days after bloom have noticed that their estimates – instead Growers and wineries in the Finger Lakes are into the meat of being about 10% off – are further off than usual, due to the of harvest now. Those who were waiting to pick early vi- high variability of crop size within each vineyard. nifera varieties like Pinot gris, Pinot noir and Chardonnay got started this week. The last blocks of Cayuga White, Marechal Foch and Baco Noir were also being picked over 2012 Lake Erie Concord Update (Terry Bates). the past several days. Concord harvest is in full swing as Concord harvest is well underway in the Lake Erie region well, with some processors trying to get fruit in quickly be- with relatively higher than average juice soluble solids and cause of concerns about lower acidity in this year’s crop. lower than average titratable acidity. It is over 100 days after Unlike 2011, yields this year appear to be average to below bloom and the berry weight has stopped increasing as ex- average for most varieties so far. Crops in many native vine- pected. The warm, dry, and sun filled weather - as well as yards were reduced by frost damage this spring, and fruit set the moderate to low crop in most vineyards - has kept the in these vineyards did not seem to make up for much of that soluble solids accumulation rate high. damage. Yields in hybrid and vinifera varieties seem to vary more due to differences in timing of budbreak and weather 20 Concord Brix Accumulation (Lake Erie) 19 conditions at fruit set. 18 17 There is some good news for growers on the economic front 16 15 this year. We have just released our annual Finger Lakes 14 13 Grape Price Listing, which showed most varieties having no 12 change or increases in their average prices compared to last 11 10 Average 1998-2011 9 year. This brought a stop to a downward trend of prices for Juice Soluble Solids (Brix) 8 2012 many of the most important varieties in the region over the 7 past few years. 6 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 Lake Erie (Jodi Creasap Gee). Days After Veraison The belt is in the middle of harvest, and word on the street Concord Berry Curve (Lake Erie) is that at least one processor will be shutting down by the 3.5 end of September. With the small crop, growers are picking 3.0 quickly where grapes are being picked, although there are 2.5 some growers who stop the pickers shortly after starting due 2.0 to the small crops. The low tonnage is not worth picking for 1.5 many growers in the belt. 1.0 1999-2011 Berry Wt. Fresh BerryWeight (g) The Concord and Niagara harvest in Niagara County “could 0.5 2012 Berry Wt. 0.0 be better” this season. Where there was no irrigation, and 0 30 60 90 120 there is no irrigation in Concord vineyards, vines were weak- Days After Bloom ened by the dry conditions this season. Most areas in Niagara County had no rain until August, leaving them with roughly The chart at right pea-sized berries at 18 Brix and an average crop around 2 to 10 19 shows the yield pre- 9 18 3 tons/acre. Some picked as low as 1 ¾ tons/acre, while the 8 17 diction from cluster 16 Niagara vineyards produced only a slightly larger crop, closer 7 onJSS Sept. 10 15 counts earlier this 6 to 4 tons/acre. 0 5 10 year in nine Con- 5 Predicted Yield (tons/acre) cord vineyards at the 4 Down in the Lake Erie Grape Belt, the Concord average is PredictionYield (tons/acre) 3 same pruning level 2 not much better, even though many vineyards did have a across the Lake Erie 1 little more rain in late July. Many growers report tonnages in 0 grape belt. The large the 3-4-tons/acre range, while a few are lucky to have close range in yield re- to 6 or 7 tons/acre, which is still down from their averages. flects the variability Here at CLEREL, we collected berries for the Concord berry in spring freeze damage. Although all the vineyards have curve and were surprised to see several 5-gram monsters in reached minimum sugar standards, we are still recording an our cups. This is unusual, though, probably because that par- inverse linear yield – Brix relationship across the sites. ticular block retained more soil moisture than many other vineyards in the belt. Where vineyards are on well-drained gravel soil, the berries are smaller than average (2.5-3 grams/ Page 2 CAN LATE-SEASON FUNGICIDE RESIDUES in winemaking1, but not as much has been done to ex- amine what happens when some of these materials are IMPACT FERMENTATION AND FLAVORS? brought to the winery from the vineyard.
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