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El Animal No Humano Como Nuevo Sujeto De Derecho Constitucional

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El Animal No Humano Como Nuevo Sujeto De Derecho Constitucional Universidad de Chile Facultad de Derecho Departamento de Derecho Público El animal no humano como nuevo sujeto de Derecho Constitucional Ariadna Georgina Beroiz Díaz José Alejandro Briones Rodríguez MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE LICENCIADO EN CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y SOCIALES Profesor Guía José Ignacio Vásquez Márquez SANTIAGO DE CHILE 2018 DEDICATORIA A mi tata Aurelio, mamita Adolfa, Sinfonía, Buck, Niño, Bis, Sultán, Zar, Nevado, Chisco, Gretel, Coto, Carlota, Coke, Lipi, Barti, Max, Bonnie, Paris, Federico, Maradona, Martina, Gladys, Estrellita, Belén, Cielito, Canitrot, Juanfle, Zorrón, Cotito y a todos aquellos cuyas voces inadvertidas se apagan día a día sin que nadie abogue por ellas. In memoria, a mis padres por mantenerme, a mi familia y amigos por apoyarme, a mis compañeros no humanos por inspirarme y a mi jefe por aguantarme. AGRADECIMIENTOS Quisiéramos agradecer a todas las personas que fueron parte vital de la formación de las ideas que leerán a continuación. A nuestras familias, amigas y amigos, pareja y todos aquellos que nos dieron su constante apoyo y preocupación para ser capaces de finalizar este proceso. También, a todos aquellos que nos dieron la inspiración necesaria para definir este tema como eje de nuestra tesis de pregrado. Aquellos que han sido parte de nuestras vidas, y cuyo amor no ha pasado inadvertido. Finalmente, a nuestro profesor guía, quien con gusto aceptó, y sin reparos, nuestras ideas para este trabajo. Muchas gracias, profesor. Nunca imaginamos que un tema así se convertiría en una de nuestras cartas vitales para convertirnos en abogados, pero aquí nos encontramos. Aquí nos encontramos intentando abogar por aquellos que jamás han tenido la representación necesaria. Contenido INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................. 7 CAPÍTULO I. PRECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS Y FILOSÓFICOS DEL TRATAMIENTO DE LOS ANIMALES NO HUMANOS. ....................................................................................... 9 1.1 Sobre Antropocentrismo. ....................................................................................... 17 1.2 El inicio del vínculo del animal humano y el animal no humano. ........................... 21 2) Antecedentes históricos de los animales no humanos como sujetos de derecho. .......... 25 2.1) Debate filosófico del estatuto ético de los animales desde la máquina de Aristóteles hasta los medios para fin de Kant. .................................................................................. 25 2.2) Plutarco y Lewis Gompertz, la reivindicación de los animales. ............................... 27 A) Plutarco ................................................................................................................. 27 B) Lewis Gompertz .................................................................................................... 28 2.3) Henry Salt, los derechos de los animales. ............................................................. 31 2.4) Peter Singer y la liberación animal, igual consideración de todos los individuos capaces de sufrir. ........................................................................................................... 34 2.5) Tom Regan. ......................................................................................................... 37 2.6) Gary Francione. ................................................................................................... 40 3) Bienestarismo y Abolicionismo .................................................................................. 42 4) Sobre el concepto de especieísmo. .............................................................................. 44 CAPITULO II. ANIMALES EN EL DERECHO .................................................................. 47 A) Derecho Comparado .................................................................................................. 49 1) Unión Europea ........................................................................................................ 49 2) Alemania ................................................................................................................... 56 3) Austria .................................................................................................................... 61 4) España .................................................................................................................... 65 4.1) Andalucía ......................................................................................................... 66 4.2) Cataluña .............................................................................................................. 69 4.3) Madrid ................................................................................................................ 71 5) Francia.................................................................................................................... 73 6) Reino Unido ........................................................................................................... 77 7) Suiza....................................................................................................................... 81 8) Estados Unidos ....................................................................................................... 85 8.1) Alaska ................................................................................................................. 85 4 8.2) California ............................................................................................................ 86 8.3) Distrito de Columbia ........................................................................................... 88 8.4) Georgia ............................................................................................................... 91 8.5) Florida................................................................................................................. 92 8.6) Illinois ................................................................................................................. 95 8.7) Kentucky ............................................................................................................. 98 8.8) Luisiana ............................................................................................................ 100 8.9) Minnesota ......................................................................................................... 102 8.10) Nebraska ......................................................................................................... 104 8.11) New York ........................................................................................................ 105 8.12) Oregón ............................................................................................................ 108 9) Argentina .............................................................................................................. 112 10) Bolivia ................................................................................................................ 117 11) Ecuador .............................................................................................................. 126 12) Perú .................................................................................................................... 131 13) Uruguay .............................................................................................................. 142 B) Derecho Nacional ....................................................................................................... 148 Marco normativo del animal no humano en la Legislación Chilena.................................. 148 1) Corridas de Toros ................................................................................................. 150 2) Carnes y Mataderos .............................................................................................. 151 3) Ley de Caza .......................................................................................................... 152 4) Decreto N° 1 que Aprueba el Reglamento sobre Prevención y Control de la Rabia en el Hombre y en los Animales, de 2014. ........................................................................ 154 5) Ley de Protección Animal. .................................................................................... 154 6) Ordenanzas Municipales de Tenencia Responsable ............................................... 160 CAPÍTULO III VIA DE PROTECCION DEL ANIMAL NO HUMANO EN EL AMBITO CONSTITUCIONAL. ......................................................................................................... 161 1) Introducción. ............................................................................................................ 161 2) Fundamentos, orígenes y alcance de normas constitucionales de protección a animales no humanos. .................................................................................................................... 164 2.1) Normas constitucionales: ...................................................................................... 164 2.2) Origen de las disposiciones constitucionales. ........................................................ 166 2.3) Alcance de las normas constitucionales. ................................................................ 168 5 3) Animales no humanos en la Constitución Política de la República de Chile. ............. 170 CONCLUSIÓN..................................................................................................................
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