DOCSLIB.ORG

July 1995 ISSN 0541-4938

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
July 1995 ISSN 0541-4938 Vol. 46(3) July 1995 ISSN 0541-4938 Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America About this lssue The abstracts of papers for the MSA Annual Meeting are included in this issue of Inoculum so there are only a few pages of news. The deadline for the next issue is August 1 and I need copy. Think ahead to the upcoming school term, the fall col- lecting season, important meetings and workshops and send me the news! See the masthead on page 7 for details. Ellen Farr In This lssue Contributions of Mycological Research MSA Official Business .......... 2 Addition to Abstracts .......... 2 to Plant Pathology Mycology Online ................... 2 by Margaret Tuttle McGrath, Nina Shishkoff, Mycological News ................. 3 Thomas Harrington, Bryce Kendrick, Suha Hare, News of Herbaria ................. 3 and Charles Mims News of Mycologists ........... 3 Deaths ..................................3 This statement was prepared because of our concern that the value of research in Calendar of Events ................. 4 the field of Mycology can easily be taken for granted by plant pathologists. It is Letters and Commentary ......... 5 important that we address this now while departments are feeling the need to Mycological Classifieds ......... 6 downsize. Many important mycological contributions were described during a re- Change of Address Form ........ 6 cent symposium, Advances in Mycology and Their Impact on Plant Pathology, at Abstracts the annual meeting of the Northeastern Division of the American Phytopathologi- cal Society. These are summarized below. Without an understanding of fungi, how can the diseases they cause be managed? 1. Correct identification of fungi. For example, results from years of research on Armillaria and on the biocontrol agent Trichoderma viride are ambiguous because Important Dates proper identifications were not made. The name of a fungus is the key to its entire literature: everything we know about it. Therefore, correct identification is of August 1 - Deadline for next Inoculum. paramount importance. August 6-10 - MSA Meeting 2. Identification of the causal agents of new or newly introduced diseases. with AIBS in San Diego, CA 3. Taxonomy allows prediction of the ecology of fungi, such as host range and life cycle. 4. Knowledge of taxonomy narrows the search for medicinal drugs and fungitoxic compounds. 5. Taxonomists are needed to convert raw data from molecular biologists to a form more usehl for plant pathologists (e.g., from bands on gels to comprehensive genetic trees indicating relationships among fungal groups). 6. Understanding of life cycles, in particular anamorph-teleomorph connections. Knowledge of life cycles enables control measures to be directed at the most vulnerable phase of the cycle. Estab- including the nature of resistance, has source for both research and diagno- lishing a connection between resulted from mycological research. sis. anarnorph and teleomorph may clarify 8. Understanding of pathogenesis. Comments and additions are welcome. the role of each in the etiology of a Send them to Margaret Tuttle disease-vulnerable phase of the cycle. 9. Knowledge of the roles of fungi in McGrath, Long Island Horticultural Establishing a connection between the biosphere has resulted in the reali- Research Laboratory, Cornell Uni- anamorph and teleomorph may clarify zation that fungi can be used as bio- versity, 3059 Sound Avenue, River- the role of each in the etiology of a control agents. head, NY, 11901-1098. disease. 10. Mycologists within a Department 7. Understanding of host-pathogen of Plant Pathology are a valuable re- interactions (physical and molecular), MSA Official Business Addition to Abstracts Several species of Dendroctonus morphologically and genetically with (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) have struc- Leptographium pyrinum and Ophios- The following abstract was received tures developed in the integument toma adjuncti, two species of fungi too late to be included in the Abstracts called mycangia that are specialized known to be present in D. adjunctus Supplement. for canying specific symbiotic fungi. colonized trees. Fungi isolated from LEPTOGRAPHIUM PYRINUM IS A The mycangium of Dendroctonus ad- D. adjunctus mycangia were morpho- MYCANGIAL FUNGUS OF DEN- junctus is located under a callus that logically and genetically identical to L. DROCTONUS AD.lUNCTUS surrounds the thorax. The mycangial pyrinum. fungus carried by D. adjunctus has not Diana L. Six and T. D. Paine been identified prior to this time. In Department of Entomology, Univer- this study, fungi from mycangia of D. sity of California, Riverside, CA adjunctus were isolated and compared 92521 USA Mycology Online in ding Mycological nologists, fungaVlichenologica1her- <[email protected]> or to the co- Information baria and/or culture collections, edi- editor Erast Parmasto at tors of periodicals, oficials of national <[email protected]>. Remember to check the Smithsonian and international organizations, and Natural History Gopher Server contact persons of amateur societies URLs Briefly Noted (nmnhgoph.si.edu) for copies of ln- accessible by e-mail. An updated edi- oculum, an up-to-date directory of tion is posted every 34months. The <http:l/www.igc.apc.org/mushroom/ MSA members and a link to the MSA last edition listed over 650 entries and welco.html> Bulletin Board. Look on the Botany included addresses of mycologists and <http:l/www.inf.unitn.it/-mflorianl menu for the "Mycological and Liche- lichenologists from 34 countries. mycopage.html> nological Information" submenu. Two mycological pages. One from the Links to the directory are found on Colorado Rocky Mountains. One from Send news for immediate distribu- the Biodiversity and Biological Col- Italy. tion to the MSA Bulletin Board. lections Gopher <muse.bio. Submit news as an e-mail message to cornell.edu> and the World Wide Web ~http:lllycos.cs.cmu.edu~ <[email protected]>. Mycology Virtual Library <http:I/ "The Catalog of the Internet." A site to muse.bio.cornell.edu/bio/fungi.html>. search for Internet Resources. Mycologists Online Check the directory and correct or Mycologists Online is a world-wide update your address, and/or send new directory of mycologists and liche- entries to the editor Pave1 Lizon at Mycological News News of Herbaria through local universities, including Diego, CA 92128. Ph.: 619-486-9657. the University of Chicago. <[email protected]>. His e- University of Missouri Fungi trans- mail address at Universidade Federal ferred to Field Museum. Adauto Ivo Milanez has been ap- de Mato Grosso, Cuiaba is: The mycological herbarium of the pointed General Director of the Insti- <[email protected]>. Dr. Upadhyay Department of Plant Pathology, Uni- tute de Botdnica de SBo Paulo. Among reminds us that Mato Grosso and versity of Missouri has been trans- its 84 botanists, 10 are full time my- neighboring states probably possess ferred to the Field Museum of Natural cologists staffed in the Mycology and the greatest diversity of fungi, but are History to provide this collection with Lichenology Section, with the follow- understudied. better curation and increased access by ing research lines: taxonomy and the mycological community. This ecology of the Mastigomycotina, Zy- Deaths nearly 28,000-specimen herbarium gomycotina (including VAM), contains a number of important sets of Prof. Nils Fries Basidiomycotina and lichenized fungi exsiccati including Sydow's My- 1912-1994. in different Brazilian ecosystems, in- cotheca Germanica, Ellis & Everhart's Nils Thorsten Elias Fries was born 17 cluding polluted areas; fungal succes- Fungi Columbiani, Bartholomew's July 19 12 in Uppsala, Sweden. He sion; degradation of chenobiotic com- Fungi Columbiani, Seymour & Earle's received his Ph.D. from the University pounds by fungi; and edible fungi. Economic fungi, Rehm's Ascomy- of Uppsala in 1939 and was a Docent The Herbarium (over 300,000 exsic- ceten, Roumeguere's Fungi selecti at that university from 1939-1956. He catae) has over 30,000 exsiccatae of Gallici exsiccati, Rabenhorst' Fungi served as Professor of Physiological fungi. The culture collection has 730 europaei et extraeuropaei, Petrak's Botany at the University of Uppsala specimens, 270 of zoosporic fungi. Mycotheca generalis, Bartholomew's from 1956- 1978 and then Professor Partnership in research, scientific and North American Uredinales, and Emeritus until his death on 11 No- technical exchange are desired. Krieger's Fungi Saxonici & Schadli- vember 1994. Some of his many hon- Adauto Ivo Milanez, Caixa Postal che Pilze. The collection also contains ors include serving on the Swedish 4005, Silo Paulo, SP. Brazil, 0 106 1- a large number of Missouri smuts, Natural Science Research Council 970. rusts, Agaricales, and other fungi. from 1959- 1964, being- elected into Collections are available for loan by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sci- John Murphy has accepted a postdoc- writing either Greg Mueller or Qiuxin ences in 1964, being named an Honor- toral research position at the Field wu. ary Member of the British Mycologi- Museum of Natural History in Chi- cal Society in 1980, and being named cago. He will be working with Greg an Honorary Member of the MSA. News of Mycologists Mueller on the biodiversity and con- Nils published over 150 books and Francois Lutzoni has been appointed servation of macrofungi of the Mid- articles on plant physiology and my- Assistant Curator in the Department of west, emphasizing Illinois and north- cology. He probably is best known for Botany at The Field Museum, Chi- ern Indiana. Starting in late June, his his work on mycorrhizae and for his cago, IL. Following the completion of new address will be Dept. of Botany, pioneering work on developing proto- his Ph.D. from Duke University this The Field Museum, Chicago, IL cols and elucidating mechanisms for summer, Francois will take up a one 60605-2496. Phone: 3 12-922-94 10 germinating basidiospores of basidio- year postdoctoral position at Indiana ext. 3 19, Fax: 3 12-427-7269. mycetes, especially those that form University with Miriam Zolan. He will <[email protected]>. ectomycorrhizae. Nils is survived by Start at The Field Museum in the Fall his wife Lisbeth, three children, and of 1996.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dinesh K. Maheshwari Editor Endophytes: Biology and Biotechnology Volume 1
    Sustainable Development and Biodiversity 15 Dinesh K. Maheshwari Editor Endophytes: Biology and Biotechnology Volume 1 123 Sustainable Development and Biodiversity Volume 15 Series editor Kishan Gopal Ramawat, Botany Department, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India This book series provides complete, comprehensive and broad subject based reviews about existing biodiversity of different habitats and conservation strategies in the framework of different technologies, ecosystem diversity, and genetic diversity. The ways by which these resources are used with sustainable management and replenishment are also dealt with. The topics of interest include but are not restricted only to sustainable development of various ecosystems and conservation of hotspots, traditional methods and role of local people, threatened and endangered species, global climate change and effect on biodiversity, invasive species, impact of various activities on biodiversity, biodiversity conservation in sustaining livelihoods and reducing poverty, and technologies available and required. The books in this series will be useful to botanists, environmentalists, marine biologists, policy makers, conservationists, and NGOs working for environment protection. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11920 Dinesh K. Maheshwari Editor Endophytes: Biology and Biotechnology Volume 1 123 Editor Dinesh K. Maheshwari Department of Botany and Microbiology Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar India ISSN 2352-474X ISSN 2352-4758 (electronic)
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Systematics of the Genus Calonectria
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org Studies in Mycology 66: 31–69. 2010. doi:10.3114/sim.2010.66.03 Phylogeny and systematics of the genus Calonectria L. Lombard1*, P.W. Crous2, B.D. Wingfield3 and M.J. Wingfield1 1Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; 2CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 3Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa *Correspondence: Lorenzo Lombard, [email protected] Abstract: Species of Calonectria are important plant pathogens, several of which have a worldwide distribution. Contemporary taxonomic studies on these fungi have chiefly relied on DNA sequence comparisons of the β-tubulin gene region. Despite many new species being described, there has been no phylogenetic synthesis for the group since the last monographic study almost a decade ago. In the present study, the identity of a large collection of Calonectria isolates from various geographic regions was determined using morphological and DNA sequence comparisons. This resulted in the discovery of seven new species; Ca. densa, Ca. eucalypti, Ca. humicola, Ca. orientalis, Ca. pini, Ca. pseudoscoparia and Ca. sulawesiensis, bringing the total number of currently accepted Calonectria species to 68. A multigene phylogeny was subsequently constructed for all available Calonectria spp., employing seven gene regions, namely actin, β-tubulin, calmodulin, histone H3, the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 and the 5.8S gene of the ribosomal RNA, 28S large subunit RNA gene and translation elongation 1-alpha.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Saddle Fungi (Helvella: Ascomycota) in Europe – Species Delimitation, Taxonomy and Typification
    Persoonia 39, 2017: 201–253 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.09 A synopsis of the saddle fungi (Helvella: Ascomycota) in Europe – species delimitation, taxonomy and typification I. Skrede1,*, T. Carlsen1, T. Schumacher1 Key words Abstract Helvella is a widespread, speciose genus of large apothecial ascomycetes (Pezizomycete: Pezizales) that are found in terrestrial biomes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This study represents a beginning on molecular phylogeny assessing species limits and applying correct names for Helvella species based on type material and specimens in the Pezizales university herbaria (fungaria) of Copenhagen (C), Harvard (FH) and Oslo (O). We use morphology and phylogenetic systematics evidence from four loci – heat shock protein 90 (hsp), translation elongation factor alpha (tef), RNA polymerase II (rpb2) and the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) – to assess species boundaries in an expanded sample of Helvella specimens from Europe. We combine the morphological and phylogenetic information from 55 Helvella species from Europe with a small sample of Helvella species from other regions of the world. Little intraspecific variation was detected within the species using these molecular markers; hsp and rpb2 markers provided useful barcodes for species delimitation in this genus, while LSU provided more variable resolution among the pertinent species. We discuss typification issues and identify molecular characteristics for 55 European Helvella species, designate neo- and epitypes for 30 species, and describe seven Helvella species new to science, i.e., H. alpicola, H. alpina, H. carnosa, H. danica, H. nannfeldtii, H. pubescens and H.
    [Show full text]
  • Iactarius Ectomycorrhizae on Abies Alb Az Morphological Description, Molecular Characteization, and Taxonomic Remarks
    Mycologia, 92(5), 2000, pp. 860-873. O 2000 by The Mycotogical Society ofAmerica, f,awrence, KS 6604+8897 Iactarius ectomycorrhizae on Abies alb az morphological description, molecular characteization, and taxonomic remarks Ursula Eberhardt Kq Words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, ITS scquences, Franz Oberwinkler RT'LP Speziellc Botanik, Mykolngte, [Jniaersität Tübingen, Auf der Mmgenstelle I, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany Annemieke Verbeken INTR.ODUCTION Labmatorium Plantkunde, Vahgroep Biobgie, Uniaersiteit Gent, Ledeganrhstraat 35, 8-9000 Cent, Though silver fir (Abies alba Miller) is an ecologically Belgium valuable and indigenous tree species in many Euro- pean Andrea C. Rinaldi mountain forests, verv little is known about its ectomycorrhizae (see Comandini et al i998, and ref- Dipartimento di Scienze Med,iche Internistiche, Uniuersitd, di Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato Cagtiari, erences therein). In the present study, we describe holl the ectomycorrhizae of three Lactarius species on Ä. alba from central Italy, by standard Giovanni Pacioni morphological and anatomical parameters (Agerer Ornella Comandinir 1991): Lactarius subsericatus (Kühner & Romagn.) ex Bon, Lac. inter- Dip ar timento di Scienze Ambient ali, Llnia ersitd. rnedius (Ikombh") Berk. dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio Loc. Coppito, I-67100 & Broome , and Lac. salmom- L'Aquila, Italy icoLor R. Heim & Leclair. Mycorrhizae of the latter species were compared with an existing description (Pillukat 1996). Identification of the fungal symbi- .ll'as Abstract: To date, the ectomycorrhizae formed by onts achieved by means of sequence comparison silver fir (Abies alba), an ecologically valuable and in- between mycorrhizae and sporocarps of the expected digenous tree species in many European mountain lungal partner species, in addition to morphoana- forests, have been poorly investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Morilles En Franche-Comté
    ANNEE 2016 - n° 25 - 16 - 46 TITRE DE LA THESE LES MORILLES EN FRANCHE-COMTE : Biologie, monographies, toxicité & propriétés thérapeutiques THESE présentée et soutenue publiquement le : 2 décembre 2016 pour obtenir le Diplôme d'État de DOCTEUR EN PHARMACIE PAR Marine COMOLA Née le 26 octobre 1990 à Besançon (25) (Nom) (Qualité) Président : Dominique MEILLET Professeur Directeur de la thèse : Dominique MEILLET Professeur Co-Directeur : Jean-Marc MOINGEON Chargé d’Enseignements Juge : Marine BRESSON Docteur en Pharmacie l UFR SMP 19 rue Ambroise Paré F-25030 Besançon cedex l Tél. +33 (0)3 63 08 22 00 l Fax +33 (0)3 81 66 56 83 l http://medecine-pharmacie.univ-fcomte.fr UNIVERSITÉ DE FRANCHE-COMTÉ U.F.R. DES SCIENCES MÉDICALES & PHARMACEUTIQUES DE BESANÇON DIRECTEUR P Professeur Emmanuel SAMAIN ASSESSEURS MÉDECINE Professeur Bernard PARRATTE Directeur des études Professeur Benoît de BILLY Professeur Gilles CAPELLIER Professeur Thierry MOULIN DOYEN PHARMACIE Professeur Marie-Christine WORONOFF-LEMSI Directrice Adjointe ASSESSEUR PHARMACIE Professeur Laurence NICOD Directrice des études RESPONSABLE ADMINISTRATIVE Mme Florence PRETOT MÉDECINE PROFESSEURS DES UNIVERSITÉS – PRATICIENS HOSPITALIERS M. Olivier ADOTEVI IMMUNOLOGIE M. Frédéric AUBER CHIRURGIE INFANTILE M. François AUBIN DERMATO-VÉNÉRÉOLOGIE Mme Yvette BERNARD CARDIOLOGIE Mme Alessandra BIONDI RADIOLOGIE ET IMAGERIE MÉDICALE M. Hugues BITTARD UROLOGIE M. Christophe BORG CANCÉROLOGIE M. Hatem BOULAHDOUR BIOPHYSIQUE ET MÉDECINE NUCLÉAIRE M. Jean-Luc BRESSON BIOLOGIE ET MÉDECINE DU DÉVELOPPEMENT ET DE LA REPRODUCTION M Gilles CAPELLIER RÉANIMATION M. Jean-Marc CHALOPIN NÉPHROLOGIE Mme Catherine CHIROUZE MALADIES INFECTIEUSES M Sidney CHOCRON CHIRURGIE THORACIQUE ET CARDIOVASCULAIRE M. Jean-Luc CHOPARD MÉDECINE LÉGALE ET DROIT DE LA SANTÉ Mme Cécile COURIVAUD NÉPHROLOGIE M.
    [Show full text]
  • 80130Dimou7-107Weblist Changed
    Posted June, 2008. Summary published in Mycotaxon 104: 39–42. 2008. Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: IV. Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece) 1 2 1 D.M. DIMOU *, G.I. ZERVAKIS & E. POLEMIS * [email protected] 1Agricultural University of Athens, Lab. of General & Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece 2 [email protected] National Agricultural Research Foundation, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Lakonikis 87, GR-24100 Kalamata, Greece Abstract — In the course of a nine-year inventory in Mt. Oxya (central Greece) fir forests, a total of 358 taxa of macromycetes, belonging in 149 genera, have been recorded. Ninety eight taxa constitute new records, and five of them are first reports for the respective genera (Athelopsis, Crustoderma, Lentaria, Protodontia, Urnula). One hundred and one records for habitat/host/substrate are new for Greece, while some of these associations are reported for the first time in literature. Key words — biodiversity, macromycetes, fir, Mediterranean region, mushrooms Introduction The mycobiota of Greece was until recently poorly investigated since very few mycologists were active in the fields of fungal biodiversity, taxonomy and systematic. Until the end of ’90s, less than 1.000 species of macromycetes occurring in Greece had been reported by Greek and foreign researchers. Practically no collaboration existed between the scientific community and the rather few amateurs, who were active in this domain, and thus useful information that could be accumulated remained unexploited. Until then, published data were fragmentary in spatial, temporal and ecological terms. The authors introduced a different concept in their methodology, which was based on a long-term investigation of selected ecosystems and monitoring-inventorying of macrofungi throughout the year and for a period of usually 5-8 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Nomenclature of the Genus Penicillium
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 20, 2017 Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium Visagie, C.M.; Houbraken, J.; Frisvad, Jens Christian; Hong, S. B.; Klaassen, C.H.W.; Perrone, G.; Seifert, K.A.; Varga, J.; Yaguchi, T.; Samson, R.A. Published in: Studies in Mycology Link to article, DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.001 Publication date: 2014 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Visagie, C. M., Houbraken, J., Frisvad, J. C., Hong, S. B., Klaassen, C. H. W., Perrone, G., ... Samson, R. A. (2014). Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium. Studies in Mycology, 78, 343-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.001 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 78: 343–371. Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium C.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Bioprospection of Fungal Community Present in Oligotrophic Soil of Continental Antarctica
    Extremophiles (2015) 19:585–596 DOI 10.1007/s00792-015-0741-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Diversity and bioprospection of fungal community present in oligotrophic soil of continental Antarctica Valéria M. Godinho · Vívian N. Gonçalves · Iara F. Santiago · Hebert M. Figueredo · Gislaine A. Vitoreli · Carlos E. G. R. Schaefer · Emerson C. Barbosa · Jaquelline G. Oliveira · Tânia M. A. Alves · Carlos L. Zani · Policarpo A. S. Junior · Silvane M. F. Murta · Alvaro J. Romanha · Erna Geessien Kroon · Charles L. Cantrell · David E. Wedge · Stephen O. Duke · Abbas Ali · Carlos A. Rosa · Luiz H. Rosa Received: 20 November 2014 / Accepted: 16 February 2015 / Published online: 26 March 2015 © Springer Japan 2015 Abstract We surveyed the diversity and capability of understanding eukaryotic survival in cold-arid oligotrophic producing bioactive compounds from a cultivable fungal soils. We hypothesize that detailed further investigations community isolated from oligotrophic soil of continen- may provide a greater understanding of the evolution of tal Antarctica. A total of 115 fungal isolates were obtained Antarctic fungi and their relationships with other organisms and identified in 11 taxa of Aspergillus, Debaryomyces, described in that region. Additionally, different wild pristine Cladosporium, Pseudogymnoascus, Penicillium and Hypo- bioactive fungal isolates found in continental Antarctic soil creales. The fungal community showed low diversity and may represent a unique source to discover prototype mol- richness, and high dominance indices. The extracts of ecules for use in drug and biopesticide discovery studies. Aspergillus sydowii, Penicillium allii-sativi, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicil- Keywords Antarctica · Drug discovery · Ecology · lium rubens possess antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, Fungi · Taxonomy antitumoral, herbicidal and antiprotozoal activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Nomenclature of the Genus Penicillium
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 78: 343–371. Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium C.M. Visagie1, J. Houbraken1*, J.C. Frisvad2*, S.-B. Hong3, C.H.W. Klaassen4, G. Perrone5, K.A. Seifert6, J. Varga7, T. Yaguchi8, and R.A. Samson1 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; 3Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea; 4Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, C70 Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 5Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; 6Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0C6, Canada; 7Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közep fasor 52, Hungary; 8Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan *Correspondence: J. Houbraken, [email protected]; J.C. Frisvad, [email protected] Abstract: Penicillium is a diverse genus occurring worldwide and its species play important roles as decomposers of organic materials and cause destructive rots in the food industry where they produce a wide range of mycotoxins. Other species are considered enzyme factories or are common indoor air allergens. Although DNA sequences are essential for robust identification of Penicillium species, there is currently no comprehensive, verified reference database for the genus. To coincide with the move to one fungus one name in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants, the generic concept of Penicillium was re-defined to accommodate species from other genera, such as Chromocleista, Eladia, Eupenicillium, Torulomyces and Thysanophora, which together comprise a large monophyletic clade.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Numbers Behind Mushroom Biodiversity
    15 2 The Numbers Behind Mushroom Biodiversity Anabela Martins Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, School of Agriculture (IPB-ESA), Portugal 2.1 ­Origin and Diversity of Fungi Fungi are difficult to preserve and fossilize and due to the poor preservation of most fungal structures, it has been difficult to interpret the fossil record of fungi. Hyphae, the vegetative bodies of fungi, bear few distinctive morphological characteristicss, and organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algal groups, and oomycetes can easily be mistaken for them (Taylor & Taylor 1993). Fossils provide minimum ages for divergences and genetic lineages can be much older than even the oldest fossil representative found. According to Berbee and Taylor (2010), molecular clocks (conversion of molecular changes into geological time) calibrated by fossils are the only available tools to estimate timing of evolutionary events in fossil‐poor groups, such as fungi. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic fungi from the division Glomeromycota, gen- erally accepted as the phylogenetic sister clade to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, have left the most ancient fossils in the Rhynie Chert of Aberdeenshire in the north of Scotland (400 million years old). The Glomeromycota and several other fungi have been found associated with the preserved tissues of early vascular plants (Taylor et al. 2004a). Fossil spores from these shallow marine sediments from the Ordovician that closely resemble Glomeromycota spores and finely branched hyphae arbuscules within plant cells were clearly preserved in cells of stems of a 400 Ma primitive land plant, Aglaophyton, from Rhynie chert 455–460 Ma in age (Redecker et al. 2000; Remy et al. 1994) and from roots from the Triassic (250–199 Ma) (Berbee & Taylor 2010; Stubblefield et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Study of Fungi in the Genera Underwoodia and Gymnohydnotrya (Pezizales) with the Description of Three New South American Species
    Persoonia 44, 2020: 98–112 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.04 Resurrecting the genus Geomorium: Systematic study of fungi in the genera Underwoodia and Gymnohydnotrya (Pezizales) with the description of three new South American species N. Kraisitudomsook1, R.A. Healy1, D.H. Pfister2, C. Truong3, E. Nouhra4, F. Kuhar4, A.B. Mujic1,5, J.M. Trappe6,7, M.E. Smith1,* Key words Abstract Molecular phylogenetic analyses have addressed the systematic position of several major Northern Hemisphere lineages of Pezizales but the taxa of the Southern Hemisphere remain understudied. This study focuses Geomoriaceae on the molecular systematics and taxonomy of Southern Hemisphere species currently treated in the genera Under­ Helvellaceae woodia and Gymnohydnotrya. Species in these genera have been identified as the monophyletic /gymnohydno trya Patagonia lineage, but no further research has been conducted to determine the evolutionary origin of this lineage or its relation- South American fungi ship with other Pezizales lineages. Here, we present a phylogenetic study of fungal species previously described truffle systematics in Underwoodia and Gymnohydnotrya, with sampling of all but one described species. We revise the taxonomy of Tuberaceae this lineage and describe three new species from the Patagonian region of South America. Our results show that none of these Southern Hemisphere species are closely related to Underwoodia columnaris, the type species of the genus Underwoodia. Accordingly, we recognize the genus Geomorium described by Spegazzini in 1922 for G. fuegianum. We propose the new family, Geomoriaceae fam. nov., to accommodate this phylogenetically and morphologically unique Southern Hemisphere lineage.
    [Show full text]