OUTDOOR INDIANA

HAROLD W. HANDLE Governor CRAWFORD F. PARKER Lieutenant-Governor and Commissioner of Agrictlture

INDIANA CONSERVATION COMMISSION James M. Tucker, Paoli, Chairman Dr. Harry J. Reed, Lafayei Kenneth M. Kunkel, Indianapolis William Shaw, Knox Edwin K. Martin, Director Kenneth R. Cougill, Assistant Director, Paul F. Brady, Legal State Parks i Heine Moesh, Administrative Assista Mrs. lone F. Harrington, Assistant nten Jhn W. bster, Superintendent, State Parks (Hotels and Inns) Indiana nservation Officers Wm. B. Barnes, Fish and Game Frank N. V lace, Entomology Ralph F. Wilcox, State Forests Homer R. .Brr),Oil and Gas Charles H. Bechert, Water Resources Henry C. Prango Engineering Dr. Charles F. Deiss, Geological Survey Wm. Burjnsurchasing John V. Sellers, Public Relations Harold B. Smith, Accounting

CONTENTS

"H OT " FISH IN G SPOTS ...... 1 THE GROUNDHOG ...... 6 NEW SOGRAM ...... 7 GUARDIANS OF OUR NUT TREES...... 9 ELM ER ...... 12 IS YOUR TACKLE TIP-TOP? ...... 13 INDIANA'S PREHISTORIC MONSTERS...... 16 MEN WHO SOLVE UNUSUAL PROBLEMS...... 22 MEET YOUR CONSERVATION OFFICER...... 26 STATE PARKS THROUGH A "GUIDE"...... 29

W. L. THOMPSON, Editor JEAN CARPER, Associate Editor MAC HEATON, Art Editi Officer DUANE E. DUKE, Photographer

OUTDOOR INDIANA Vol. 1, No. 9 March, 1958 Published monthly by the Indiana Department of COVER Conservation, 311 W. Washington St., Indianapolis 9, Indiana. Subscription price $1.50 a year. "Here's how!" Conservation Officer Charli Second-class mail privileges authorized at Indian- apolis, Indiana. Black of Porter County explains casting to Permission for reprinting material from this issue is young angler. Photo, Duane Duke. hereby given with a request that proper credit be given. 13 "HOT" Fishing Spots

For '58

Predicted from success BY KEEPING a close watchare onable last to year's com- of '57 season by fishing hot spots we pile a pretty accurate thermometer of districts and counties where Hoosier fishermen can expect the big catches this year. While we list the following as "hot" spots, we also encourage Hoosiers not to neglect the deep holes in the small creeks that run through their back woods and the 42,000 stocked farm ponds that cover Indiana. In addition, the Department of Con- servation has released over one and three- fourths millions of fish, ranging from fin- gerlings to legal size. This restocking pro- gram should add to the summer harvest.

Central

Marion: Geist Reservoir - good blue- gills and crappies, channel catfish.

MnccHL~ro Hamilton: Morse Reservoir-good smallmouth and pan fish.

Johnson and Shelby: Flatrock and Blue River-excellent catches of cat- fish and crappies and smallmouth.

March, 1958 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 1 Northeast

DeKalb and Allen: Some streams stocked with trout.*

Elkhart: Hunter Lake-good bluegills, redears in spring. St. Joseph River-goc rock bass, smallmouth, northern pike, channel cat, walleye pike. Elkhart River- good rock bass, smallmouth, largemouth, northern pike, bluegills from mill por south of Goshen to the intersection of St. Joseph River in city of Elkhart. Litt Elkhart River and Emma Creek-two of the state's best rainbow and brown troi streams.

Huntington: Wabash River-good channel cat. Salamonie River-good chann cat, largemouth and smallmouth. Clair Lake-stocked with rainbow and brow trout.

Kosciusko: Caldwell and Spear Lakes-good bluegills in summer. Chapma Lakes-good largemouth, bluegills, perch. Dewart Lake, Hoffman Lake, Pale, tine Lake, Wabee Lake-all good for largemouth and bluegills. Pike and Ridingo Lakes-good northern pike, largemouth, bluegills. Shock Lake-stocked wit rainbow trout. Syracuse Lake-good largemouth, bluegills, redears, percl Tippecanoe Lake-spring and fall good for largemouth and smallmouth, bluegill redears, silver bass, channel cats, perch, cisco netting. Wawasee Lake-go largemouth and smallmouth, rock bass, bluegills, redears, perch, northern pik crappies. Webster Lake-good largemouth, bluegills, redears. Winona Lake- good largemouth, bluegills, silver bass. Tippecanoe.River-good largemouth an smallmouth, rock bass, channel cats, northern pike. A few streams are stocke with trout.*

LaGrange: Atwood Lake-good largemouth, bluegills. Cedar Lake-good large mouth. Dallas Lake-good largemouth, smallmouth, northern pike, good cisc netting, also stocked with rainbow trout. Fish Lake-good cisco netting, stocke with rainbow trout. Big Long Lake-good bluegills, largemouth, perch. Prett Lake-stocked with rainbow trout. Royer Lake-good largemouth, bluegill crappies, redears. Little Turkey Lake-good largemouth, bluegills, northern pike North Twin Lake-good largemouth, smallmouth, bluegills, stocked with rair bow trout. South Twin Lake-good largemouth, northern pike, stocked wit rainbow trout. Wall Lake-good large mouth. Westler Lake - good crappie: Pigeon River and Fawn River - we stocked with rainbow and brown trou Most streams in LaGrange are stocke with trout.*

* List of streams stocked with trout is avai able from the Department of Conservation. m

Miami: Wabash and Mississinewa Rivers--good channel cat. Eel River-good rock bass and smallmouth and largemouth.

Noble: Baugher Lake-good bluegills. Bixler Lake-good crappies, spring and fall, good largemouth, spring and summer. Bushong Lake-good bluegills year around. Gordy Lake-good bluegills and largemouth, summer. High Lake- good largemouth. Jones Lake-good crappies. Knapp Lake-cisco netting, stocked with rainbow trout. Little Long Lake-stocked with rainbow trout. Lower Long Lake and Upper Long Lake-good largemouth and bluegills. Port Mitchell Lake-good northern pike, largemouth, bass, bluegills, crappies. Smalley Lake-good largemouth, bluegills. Sylvan Lake-good largemouth, bluegills, crappies. Several streams in Noble County are stocked with trout.*

Steuben: Brown and Jimerson Lakes-good largemouth, bluegills, redears. Clear Lake-good largemouth and smallmouth, bluegills, redears, perch, cisco netting. Crooked Lake, Fox Lake, Lake Pleasant-good largemouth, bluegills, perch. Eaton Lake-good bluegills in summer. Golden, Otter and Silver Lakes-good largemouth, bluegills. Hamilton Lake-good largemouth, bluegills, northern pike, crappies. Hogback Lake-good northern pike, largemouth, bluegills. Lake Gage-good northern pike, walleye pike, largemouth and smallmouth bass and large rainbow trout, cisco netting. Lake George-good northern pike, largemouth, bluegills, perch. Lake James-good northern pike, smallmouth and largemouth, bluegills, perch, crappies, cisco netting. McLish Lake-cisco netting, rainbow trout. Big Otter Lake-good largemouth, bluegills, cisco netting. PleasantLake- good largemouth, bluegills, stocked with rainbow trout. Snow Lake-good north- ern pike, largemouth, bluegills, cisco netting. Big Turkey Lake-good large- mouth, northern pike, bluegills, crappies. Several streams in Steuben County are stocked with trout.*

Wabash: Long and Round Lakes-good bluegills, largemouth. Luken's Lake- good northern pike, largemouth, bluegills. Salamonie River-good channel cat.

Whitley: Blue Lake, Goose Lake, Loon Lake, Shriner Lake-all good for large- mouth and bluegills. Cedar Lake, Crooked Lake, Round Lake, Troy Cedar Lake, Wilson Lake-all good for largemouth, bluegills and redears. In addition, Crooked and Shriner Lakes are stocked with rainbow trout. Southeast Jackson: Starve Hollow Lake-good bluegills, crappies, largemouth.

Union: Whitewater Park Lake-good bluegills, crappies, largemouth.

Also Blue River, East Fork, White River, Muscatatuck River, Driftwood River, Whitewater River, Big Indian Creek-all good for smallmouth and largemouth and early spring sucker fishing. n Northwest

LaPorte: Pine Lake-largemouth bass with spinning and casting baits and bluegill with live bait.

Marshall and Fulton: Tippecanoe River-northern pike, smallmouth bass ani rock bass.

Marshall: Lake Maxinkuckee-bluegills and bass.

Newton: Willow Slough-bluegills and crappies with worms, minnows and flies

Starke: Bass Lake-silver bass with minnows and casting baits.

St. Joseph: St. Joseph River-smallmouth bass taken by fly and bait casting.

White and Carroll: Lakes Shafer and Freeman-channel catfish and silver bas with worms, minnows and soft crawfish.

also

Tippecanoe River from Lake Freeman to Wabash River-channel catfish wit] live and prepared baits and smallmouth bass. Wabash River from Logansport down-channel catfish. Lake Michigan off Michigan City-jumbo perch with minnows. Lake Michigan off Lake and Porter Counties' shores-smelt with nets and seines

Southwest

Clay: Strippers-very good for largemouth and bluegills. Eel River-channels an( most native species.

Dubois: East Fork-rough fish. Jasper Lake-very good bass and pan fish.

Gibson: White, Wabash, Patoka Rivers-fine trotline for all native species.

Greene: West Fork, White River-good trotline and hand line for channels Strippers in Linton area-famous for largemouth, bluegills, redears and crappies Also, lakes and pits in Shakamak and Greene-Sullivan Forest.

Knox: White River, both forks, and Wabash River-good trotline for all native species. Some old beds produce sport fish.

Page 4 * OUTDOOR INDIANA March, 1951 Lawrence: Indian Creek-very good smallmouth and rock bass. East Fork, White River-very good trotline for channel, flathead, white perch. Below Williams Dam-finest white perch fishing in state. Hundreds of anglers each day snag up to 60 and 70 nice-sized perch.

Martin: Hindostan Falls-very good for several species. Indian Creek-small- mouth and rock bass.

Monroe: Griffey Creek Lake-lots of crappies, some largemouth and bluegills. Lemon Lake-very good largemouth, crappies, blhgills. Bean Blossom and Salt Creek-all native species.

Owen: Cataract Lake and Mill Creek, especially Cataract Falls, both upper and lower, where Indiana's largest waterfalls forms pools with an abundance of fish food-large numbers of all southern Indiana species. During '57 dozens of huge flatheads weighing up to 50 pounds were taken.

Parke: Wabash River-trotline for channel, also largemouth and smallmouth. Big and Little Raccoon and Sugar Creeks-very fine smallmouth, rock bass, channel cats, suckers, crappies and sunfish.

Pike: East Fork, Patoka Rivers-good rough fishing. Strippers-nice largemouth, bluegills and crappies.

Posey: Hovey Lake, Black River-for bass and pan fish. Wabash, Sandy Slough, Black River-trotline for rough fish and perch.

Putnam: Big Walnut, Little Walnut, Deer Creek, Mill Creek below Cagle Mill Dam-very good early stream fishing for smallmouth, rock bass, channel cats, crappies, suckers and sunfish. Cataract Lake-largemouth, channels, bluegills, crappies, flathead, carp, suckers. Albion Lake, one mile northeast of Greencastle, and Quarry Pit at southeast edge of Greencastle-good for redears, largemouth, bluegills, crappies.

Spencer: Lake in Lincoln State Park-nice smallmouth and pan fish.

Vermillion: Stripper pits around Blanford-bluegills, crappies and bass. Wabash River-very good trotline for channel, flathead, also largemouth and smallmouth.

Vigo: Izaak Walton Lake, West Terre Haute-very good crappie fishing.

Warrick: Strippers-nice largemouth, bluegills and crappies. *

March, 1958 OUTDOOR. INDIANA " Page 5 quail, pheasant, skunks, foxes- which lack the strength, the skill and patience to excavate such well-planned tunnels. In addition, the holes serve as a basin for runoff water; many times after a hard rain, the burrows will be overflowing. Assuming that these small reservoirs of water require a limited time to seep away, they help the ground water table. A "chuck" home can be spotted by the conspicuous pile of earth at the mouth of the burrow, which often extends 20 feet underground, and usually slants downward, then turns upward again. Benefactor or Pest? With a sanitary touch, the groundhog digs a separate compartment for waste and to outwit his enemies he creates escape exits near the main entrance. When alarmed he will whistle and often The Groundhog outside the entrance to his burrow he will stretch up on his haunches and sit there surveying the countryside for a sign of NAMED "whistle pig," groundhog, danger. This pose is the one usually woodchuck and Marmota monax by adapted to promulgate the legend of the scientific, this creature is plentiful in Groundhog Day as the day the animal Indiana but misunderstood. His destruc- comes out of hibernation. tiveness is always touted; his good points Actually Mr. and Mrs. Groundhog do usually ignored. emerge from a winter's hibernation in Of course, the subject is understand- early spring and mate soon after. Four ably controversial. At present in Indiana weeks later, two to four little ones, blind, the little devil is open target any time of naked and helpless and about four inches year and is ruthlessly hunted, but mirac- long, are born. They crawl in about three ulously manages to survive. weeks, eat solid food at four weeks, and His ill repute is found mostly among stop nursing and begin romping around farmers. The woodchuck, equipped with the den at five weeks. In about a year four large front cutting teeth and sharp they are fully mature. claws, has a congenital urge to dig his Both sexes are covered with coarse fur home in the ground, usually in the best ranging from a grayish-brown, reddish or fields of clover, or alfalfa, or pasture or black, and both possess a strong anal bordering a bean field where food for a gland that produces a musky odor. As strict vegetarian is only a dash away. His usual, the mister, averaging 27 inches in den holes also are a hazard to farm ani- length, is larger than his mate, who mals and equipment. reaches only about 22 inches. Ironically, these very same burrows, Regardless of the conflicting opinions hated by the farmer, have endeared the of the groundhog's worth, it is safe tc groundhog to sportsmen, many of whom say that if he has withstood the rigorous have advocated a closed season on him. persecution by man this long, he will nc His den home provides shelter and escape doubt reside with us Hoosiers for a lont avenues for many wildlife - rabbits, stretch into the future. 0

Page 6 * OUTDOOR INDIANA March, 1951 A CAPSULE REPORT ON WILDLIFE

NEWSOGRAM

By Jack Allen, Research Leader

WILDLIFE MORTALITY (Part I)

Various forms of plant and animal life have dominated, waned, then faded into oblivion since beginning of time. Modify or die! Some species quietly slip away, others are mourned by one genera- tion and relegated to antiquity by the next that never knew them. Short term efforts are confined to regulating animal population cycles occuring within our own life span. Concern for the present sells better than backward glances and dilemmas as yet unborn. Indians, trappers, professional hunters and field scientists have noted a rhythmic rise and fall of game and fur animals. This situation has been laid at doorstep of predators, foul weather, poor breeding conditions, and even sun spots. But studies have shown that population reductions often occur during favorable weather and good breed- ing conditions and in absence of excessive predators and hunting pressure. Why?

DISEASE-is broadly defined as any departure from health and falls into two major types: (1) Infectious- presence of foreign living organisms multiplying fast enough to disturb normal functions of tissue. Examples-bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. (2) Noninfectious-caused by mechanical injury, starvation, poisons, and abnormal growths. This NEWSOGRAM can be concerned only with bacteria fungi, and viruses. Parasites and noninfectious diseases will be discussed in later issues.

RABBITS-Southern Indiana enjoyed a reputation for persim- mon pudding and a fantastic supply of cottontails. Tularemia took over in 1942; hit again in 1947, dropping the statewide kill a cool million in one year. "Rabbit disease" became a household word because that's one place it struck. Tularemia is on of those rather rare bugs that can be transmitted to hunters and housewives. Fortunately it is now easily controlled by antibiotics and is seldom en- countered. Ten years later (1956) hunters took 2.8 million bunnies, but sooner or later the bottom will again drop out.

UAIL---From 1942 to 1945, war years when shells and hunter: were few and far between, our bobwhites caved in. Farming methods, weather and predators took the rap. Not till 1955 did the populations begin to rise. Since then they've cluttered our corn rows to the tune of a plus million harvest in 1958, for the first time since 1942. It would be cheating a little to claim credit for their revival; we can't see much improvement in landuse, a great decline in predators, nor an improvement in nesting conditions. We don't know what caused rise and fall, but lack- ing other evidence, cast our guess towards infec- tious disease. Bobwhites are quite susceptible to ulcerative enteritis, an intestinal disease which becomes chronic, enabling a sick individual to transmit his plague for several weeks before dying. It is also carried by chickens but they are seldom affected and may carry it without detection. Unfortunately bobwhites are also hosts for tularemia and it may be more than coincidence that our rabbit dieoff coincided with quail decline. Quail rhinitis (catarrh) is a highly fatal respiratory disease af- fecting quail chicks. Since so little is known about wildlife diseases, an undiscovered one could be responsible for cycles.

DEER--They drowned in their own blood-that's hemorrhagic septicemia. In 1950 this disease went on warpath from Alabama to Maryland. Hoosier deer got their first recorded dose in 1954, but we lost only 40 animals compared with 5,000 farther south. Causi- tive organism is present in soil and cattle. No way to inoculate deer until they are too far gone.

OTHERS--Rabies, pneumonia, canine distemper, aspergil- losis, tuberculosis--you name them, wildlife has 'em. Throw in a handful of parasites and a generous portion of road kills, predation, and hunting pres- sure. It's somewhat of a miracle that any survive. Popular nut-tree authority J. Ford Wil- kinson of Rockport attracts crowds of curious onlookers when he easily changes a black walnut tree into one that produces English walnuts.

Skardiatls of our 1ut trees

Indiana Nut Growers Association-scientistsand laymen- strive to produce trees with tastier nuts.

member of the infant organization since the mild THOSEflavor ofof you a whogood, appreciate crunchy Hoosier its conception in 1953, says the pur- pecan or enjoy the shade of a hickory pose is "to promote interest in nut- tree will be happy to know that Indiana bearing trees, their products and cul- nuts, too long neglected, are getting a ture." INGA is an affiliate of a larger big boost. group, the Northern Nut Growers Asso- An unpretentious group of 500 nut ciation, formed in 1910. enthusiasts known as the Indiana Nut Many of the members of INGA are Growers Association, is working to im- laymen who own one oldaithful hickory prove the quality of native nuts and in- nut tree in the back woods. Others may troduce hybrids and foreigners adaptable tend several trees and still others raise nuts as a business. But whatever his to Indiana conditions. The members extent of participation, every member select and propagate only nut trees which has a chance to share his nut-growing bear the tastiest nuts with the thinnest experience in a quarterly newsletter, the shells and pass these seeds on to other Hoosier Kernel, which contains numer- Hoosiers. ous "bits of wisdom." Edward W. Pape, president and a (Continued on next page)

March, 1958 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 9 The Kernel is fascinating reading and the McCallister hican, a native Indiana well worth its price ($1.00 a year) nut, is an accidental cross between a whether you're a nut lover or not. If hickory nut and a pecan; it looks like a you're not interested now, you'll be a pecan, yet tastes like a hickory nut. convert after reading the many letters Nature's chances of breeding such a from members, relating everything from hybrid were about one in a hundred their battles with the black walnut husk million. maggot to their favorite recipe for per- By grafting, men can accelerate the simmon pudding. process and produce many unheard of The Kernel contains authoritative re- combinations. An INGA member, Ken- ports on a variety of nuts, methods of neth Dooley of Marion, at present is nut tree propagation, regional adapta- experimenting to obtain a hybrid walnut bility, insect and disease control, budding that tastes like a black walnut and cracks and grafting; in fact anything that has as easily as an English walnut. any bearing on nuts or their culture and Such specialists are not rare among harvesting. the INGA membership. An expert on Printed also in the Kernel are findings budding and grafting, J. Ford Wilkinson of members who conduct serious experi- of the Indiana Nut Nursery, Rockport, ments in nut raising. Such experimenting specializes in the culture of pecans, is often a "take off" on nature's own hicans, and named varieties of black methods of producing nuts. For example, walnuts such as the Thomas, Ohio, or Stabler. According to hearsay, many Hoosiers flock to the spring meeting of INGA just to see how easily he trans- forms a black walnut to a tree that pro- duces the English (Carpathian) walnut.

Nolan F. Fately, of Franklin, pio- neered the planting of the English (Car- pathian) walnuts in Indiana. Mr. Fately still harvests a good crop of nuts almost every year from the original trees which are on the same lot as his house. If you wish to see a large planting of all varieties of nuts that will thrive in Indiana, stop at the Ford Wallick Nut Plantation near Peru. Mr. Wallick is an organic farmer, one who uses nature's own fertilizer, and you can witness the results of his methods. The little miss proudly shows off her Thomas black walnut tree which is nine There are many others. W. B. (Pappy) years old. This tree is highly recom- Ward, extension horticulturist at Purdue, mended because of its "crackability," is a long-time enthusiast. John and Marie another way of saying the kernel comes out easily. Talbott at Linton specialize in Jones'

Page 10 * OUTDOOR INDIANA March, 1958 hybrid filberts; nearby lives Fred Bolten, Field Trials Planned an expert in persimmon culture and dis- Indiana Field Trial Association, head- coverer of the black walnut he calls Sol. ed by its new president, John W. Lee of Peter Glasier of Evansville is especially Indianapolis, has announced its dates interested in the Chinese chestnut. for spring field trials to be run in Indiana state parks. To support the INGA and encourage March 22-23-Marion County Pointer planting, the Department of nut tree & Setter Club at Versailles Park. for sale, at $2.50 a Conservation has March 30-Jefferson County Bird Dog bushel, stratified walnuts ready for plant- Club and Dearborn County Beagle at ing. With the cooperation of INGA, the Versailles. Department perhaps will have available April 12-18 - Duneland Bird Dog at other varieties of nut trees in the future. Tippecanoe Park. April 18-19-20 - Hoosier Brittany at Any Hoosier who would like sugges- Tippecanoe. on nut tree raising or who has a tions April 20-Dearborn County Beagle at question should write Edward W. Pape, Versailles. editor of Hoosier president of INGA and April 26-27-Capitol City Pointer and Kernel, Rural Route 2, Marion. Anyone Setter. who wishes to join INGA should send May 11-Hoosier Beagle Club at Ver- $1.00 to Miss Grace Ewing, secretary- sailles. treasurer of INGA, Rochester. All mem- May 18 - Dearborn County Beagle at bers receive the Hoosier Kernel. * Versailles.

Prize Winning Persimmon Pudding

This recipe won for Mrs. William Beavers of Mitchell the persimmon pudding contest at Mitchell's Persimmon Festival which each fall attracts hundreds of good cooks all over southern Indiana. 2 cups persimmon pulp 1 tsp. baking powder 2 cups sugar '2 tsp. cinnamon 1~4 cups buttermilk 3 eggs 1 tsp. soda pinch salt 2 cups cake flour butter, size of egg Mix sugar with the persimmon pulp and add beaten eggs. Mix the soda with the buttermilk. Sift the cake flour three times and add the baking powder and cinnamon. Add the dry ingredients and buttermilk alternately to the per- simmon batter. Add salt and butter which has been melted in pan in which the pudding is to be baked. Bake in slow oven about one hour. -Reprinted from The Hoosier Kernel.

March, 1958 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 11 Dere mister tomsun: The spring suckers is bitin, the sassy frass seesens here, an the morning berds is startin to sing before sunup sos spring cant be fer off. We shore thank you mister tomsun fer cumin down to the skule hous an helpin git are fish and game Homer is the life of the show and can club goin. I tolt all these fellers that fish give a crowd 20 minets of the best enter- an game club ment just eksaclly fish an tanmunt ever seed or given by a bull frog. game-an the werd game ment animuls Fer Homer we charge 30 cents extry. If like rabbits sqerrls an coons an not settin you git holt of eny wooly werms out of around playin games like cards and seesen pleese send them to me cuz Homer chekers. When these fellers knowed you likes them. Cuzin Tertle Dove is the wuz my frend they elekted me presidunt singer an also yoodles. Mister tomsun but they voted to name the club the this gurls shore perty an efer body whos Lonsum Lizzerd township fish and game seed her sez shes cuter than a cut werm. club. I wud shore liked Elmer's fish and If you no enybody who wants us to play game club better. We are goin into the fer em let me no. Mister tomsun in the progrum a hunderd persent an ekspect furst part of my letter I tolt you that to rase quales an fesents if we can git the spring suckers wuz bitin an they reddy in time. Me an my band is sure shore are. We bin kane polin sum black entertanin a lots these last few weaks an ones and set lining sum white ones. mister tomsun if you wud efer nead us Peeple dont no how good fish can taste we are free to go pert neer any place now until they have et suckers. First off a that cuzin Berdwell has a car. We got feller has to go sucker fishin in cold a string band and flore show an we bin wether. Use a little bitty hook an fish playin aroun hear close fer neer two on the bottom with plane ole garden years. Berdwell plays the base fidul, my werms. Feberary an March is the best cuzin Tertle Dove plays the banjo (she's munths to sucker fish. When you ketch a gurl) I play the fidul an my bruther yore suckers cleen em up good an score Osker plays the gitar an dubbles on the em with a old razer or a sharp knife. warsh bord an the jug fer the string band. This cuts all the little bones up an when We got a flore show an I'm mostly hit you fry em in reel hot greese the little cause hit cunsists mostly of me an my bitty bones crumble up to nuthin. traned bull frog named Homer. Old Elmer

Page 12 * OUTDOOR INDIANA March, 1958 Out comes the old tackle box for a spring check-up. Js Vo r (ackle iP-Zop

By W. L. THOMPSON, Editor

to drag our lazy bones from that easy NOTHINGunder themakes collar athan fisherman when he hotter takes chair; it's later than we think. off on a fishing trip, only to discover his We might as well go about it systemat- reels are so dirty they won't run, lines ically; so let's start on the old tackle box. rotten from last year's soaking, hooks Empty it, sorting each group of equip- rusted and rod tips and ferrules loose. ment to make it easier when you come That same blue air arises when that big back to check them. Clean out the box, one gets on and off again because the and, if rusted, rub with steel wool, then tackle was not overhauled before the apply a good waterproof paint. To pro- season began. tect your box and baits, cut out pieces of Some of you faithful fishermen un- sheet cork, rubber or plastic and fit them doubtedly have your equipment already into each of your bait compartments. in good shape. But there are those of us Your reels should come next. Wind who are still sitting lazily around the TV the line from the spindle onto an old line and never thinking of that tackle box spool so it doesn't tangle. Take your reel still sitting where we left it in the base- apart by using screwdrivers fit to the ment, with lines, reels, hooks and baits small screws of the reel. Wash the parts in a jumbled mess. If so, now is the time in white gas to remove all dirt, sand and

March, 1958 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 13 grime, then as you re-assemble it, use a You should pay close attention to yo graphite paste sparingly on the gears. Oil rods. Examine the handles for loos other moving parts with a fine machine hand grips and buy new ones if necessary oil or special oil purchased at any sports Be sure your rod is straight because sorr store. metal rods, if greatly strained by bend After you assemble the reel, check to ing, will have a crook in them that wig see that it runs free and easy. Reels of not straighten out. medium price on up are machined as While doing that, check the guides t finely as a watch, so even though they see if they are tight and in place. In ca receive rough treatment, they are as good any repairs are needed, you should sen as new after a proper cleaning. the rod to the manufacturer, unless yo Your line should be gone over next. are expert enough to straighten the ro Remember you have wound it on a line and rewind the guides. The best way t spool. The first end off the spool is the keep rods straight is to put them in thel same end that was next to your reel spin- original cases or hang them up on a hod dle. The line should be reversed. So wind by the end guide. Special hangers can b it on another spool, checking for any bought for rods at sports stores. rotten places in the line. Cut off at least Make sure the ferrules fit snugly s six feet at the end of the line, because they won't pull out. If they fit loosely, this section has been strained during is suggested that new ones be fitted. Thi casting or possibly has small breaks in looseness usually shows up in the ferrule the strands which will give way just when on the rod handle and tip, because c you have a whopper ready to net. action during casting. If you are a fly fisherman, check the After you have all the equipment i flyline for breaks, but it is not necessary good shape, take an inventory of yot with fly- to reverse this line. Wax it well tackle, writing down deficiencies. Accorc line wax and run on the reel. ing to experience, there never seem to I Run the casting line back onto the reel enough tackle and enough baits. Wh, so the end that was next to the spindle the big ones lapped up last year may n( will be the first off or the end to which even raise a minnow this year. So while the leader is attached. you're ascertaining your immediat Check the baits for loose hooks, etc., needs, also plan to get three or four ne' and if you have time and patience, re- baits you have not yet tried. They ma paint them. With a small machine file, be the ones that hook that monster th sharpen the hooks to a needle point. Be year. 0 sure the spinners run freely and are not bent, thus impairing the action of the bait. Rusted connections that fasten the Indiana Tops in Waterfowl treble hooks to the bait should be re- placed, for they will break easily. The wintering waterfowl population i Check individual hooks for sharpness Indiana this year was larger than that I and check leaders to determine if wire any other state in the upper Mississip] has been pulled loose and all connections flyway system. are tightly clasped. Check also for broken A report of a winter survey conducted strands of wire. If any of these faults are in January showed Indiana runnir evident, discard the leaders; they will ahead of Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsil break under strain. Michigan, Ohio, Iowa and Missouri.

Page 14 * OUTDOOR INDIANA March, 19! New decorations at Clifty Inn lobby carry out that colonial look, so long revered at the inn.

A new look for 6lifty

The Inn also is emphasizing new recre- SPORTINGand redecorating, $13,000 worth popular of remodelingClifty Inn ational facilities. New lighted tennis and at Clifty Falls State Park near Madison shuffleboard courts are being constructed, had its spring opening this month after a which also will be the scene of night two-month shut-down. dances and other outdoor festivities dur- The Inn, first opened in 1924, has long ing the warm months. Changes in kitchen enjoyed a reputation for its colonial at- arrangements en- able the management to increase the effi- mosphere. New decorations carry out ciency of its food service, which for many that motif. years has featured fried chicken. Another To correspond with the early Ameri- popular feature of the food service is the can cherry furniture in the lobby, colo- weekly Sunday-night smorgasbord. nial-type ceiling light fixtures have been Already many special activities are installed. Bathrooms have been redone being planned for spring and summer at in ceramic tile and most of the guest Clifty Inn, including old-fashioned hay- rooms have been repainted. Several of rides, moonlight cruises on the Ohio the older guest rooms have been com- River, horseback riding, nature hikes, pletely refurnished. lecture tours, archery and cycling. *

March, 1958 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 15 C

If you

should

uncover

one of

By WILLIAM J. WAYNE Indiana Geological Survey

EARLY in January of 1957, a construe tion worker started to dump anothi load of marl and peat from a bog the was to be filled and leveled. Sudden] the man stared at a monstrous piece c bone that protruded from the marl c the dump pile. Work stopped on the sit A crew of curious men dug out a hug prehistoric skull and moved it to tf New York Central freight warehouse i Exhumed from Grant County in 1904, Elkhart. this remarkable skeleton of the Jeffer- son's Mammoth, a fossil from the Ice A few days later Prof. A. J. MacAlpi Age, is the finest known to science. of the Notre Dame University Geolog Bones of the elephant-like animal turn Department identified the skull as tht up in Indiana every year. of a mastodon, one of the huge elephant Courtesy of the American Museum of Natural History like animals that roamed Indiana durin

Page 16 * OUTDOOR INDIANA uM."k 194 Prowling among the evergreen forests of Indiana 8,000 years ago is this prehis- toric mastodon, according to an artist's conception. Courtesy of the American Museum of Natural History

these were found when ditches were cut to drain boggy areas, but some of the remains have been uncovered by highway construction crews, gravel-pit operators and marl-pit operators. If you happen to be a person who dis- covers the bones of one of these spectacu- lar animals, make sure that a geologist learns of the discovery so he can secure as much information as possible about the specimen before it is too late. By studying the microscopic plant and ani- mal remains that were buried with the bones, the geologist gets a clearer idea of the characteristics of the climate and forests during the animal's lifetime. Failure to realize the scientific value of the remains of an extinct animal has resulted in the tragic destruction of many discoveries. Most frequently, curious spectators carry home large bones or teeth as sou- the Ice Age and became extinct about venirs. This was the fate of a skeleton 8,000 years ago. found in 1953 near Columbia City These laborers had unwittingly exca- where some workmen were digging out a vated one more precious piece of prehis- small bog to make a pond. toric animal fossil that turns up in Indi- At least one tooth of a prehistoric ani- ana each year. mal found in northern Indiana was re- Our state has never yielded any really ported to have been split into segments. spectacular discoveries like the numerous According to the startling rumor, a few bones of extinct camels, horses, bears, years ago a crew of workmen dug up mammoths, and mastodons uncovered at two wonderful seven-foot-long tusks and Big Bone Lick in Kentucky and the tar some large teeth. They then sawed the pits at Rancho la Brea in California. bones into chunks and distributed one to But every year Hoosiers run onto teeth, each man who participated in the find, so bones and sometimes even complete he could take it home. skeletons. And O. P. Hay, in a 1912 account of Fossil bones have been discovered in Indiana's Ice Age fossils, passes on this nearly every county in Indiana, but most story: A skeleton found near Covington of them have come out of the bogs and was in such excellent condition that the lakes of northern Indiana in which the workmen who found it split open the animals were trapped and died. Most of bones and used the marrow "to grease

March, 1958 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 17 their boots," as if this was the best use in the American Museum of Natural His- they could find for the magnificent bones tory in New York. they had discovered. The larger Jefferson's Mammoth, so These age-old bones, suddenly thrust named for Thomas Jefferson, was some- into another world, are extremely fragile. what abundant in the spruce and pine This is another good reason to call in an forests that clothed most of the state dur- expert immediately. Almost all bones ing each of the Ice Age glaciations. Prob- that have been buried a long time, begin ably the finest and most complete skele- to check and crumble a short time after ton of Jefferson's Mammoth known td they are removed from the ground. science was uncovered in 1904 when a ditch was being dredged near Fairmoun Bones buried in marl ordinarily remain in southern Grant County. in good condition without special care much longer than bones taken from soil Molar teeth and parts of skeletons of or peaty mud or gravel; however, all dis- Jefferson's Mammoths have been recov- coveries should be cared for as soon as ered from bogs that formed in northern; possible. To prevent their drying, bones Indiana after the last glaciers melted and teeth should be kept buried until and from the valleys farther south that they can be treated or, if removed, care- were flooded by glacial melt water. fully wrapped in moist cloth. A museum The mastodon, whose remains are curator will soak bones in white shellac found in Indiana more often than those or a synthetic resin like Alvar to protect of any other animal, ranged the evergreen them from drying too fast and crumbling. forests and browsed on twigs and young The most striking Ice Age dwellers branches of spruce, pine and hemlock.. that inhabited Indiana were the ele- The legs of the mastodon were shorter phants. Our modern elephants now live than those of the mammoths and modern only in warm central Africa and south- elephants, so that it had a more squat eastern Asia. During the Ice Age two appearance than its relatives. kinds of elephant-like animals, the mam- When one finds only a few scattered moths and mastodons, became adapted bones of an elephant-sized animal, it is to cold regions as well as warm. difficult to distinguish them as mammoth The mammoths were relatives of the or mastodon. But, a tooth leaves no present-day elephant of India. Carcasses doubt. A mammoth's tooth is similar to of the Wooly Mammoth have been found that of a modern elephant and consists preserved in the frozen ground of the of a series of enamel ridges or plates Siberian tundra, a natural deep freeze alternating with dentine and cement. The unit. tooth of the mastodon, though, has two, three or four enamel-covered crests cross- The same kind of mammoth lived in ing the crowned surface. North America and Europe during the glaciations. But because the tundra zone Remains of mastodons usually have around the margins of the ice sheet in the been found in boggy areas. Only recently, Great Lakes area was not very extensive, between June, 1956, and June, 1957, remains of the Wooly Mammoth are rare skeletons were revealed in a ditch near in Indiana. Part of the skeleton of one Auburn, in a bog at the west edge of Elk- was found in February, 1956, near An- hart, along a swampy edge of Oliver Lake derson in a gravel pit. Another, found south of LaGrange and in the Kankakee many years before near Rochester, is now Valley south of Kouts.

Page 18 * OUTDOOR INDIANA March, 1958, m

The only mounted skeleton displayed mud, geologists can determine the en- in the state is at the Jacob Moore Mu- vironment where the animal lived. As seum at Earlham College in Richmond, long as a lake exists, a layer of mud settles although this state has supplied skele- out on the bottom each year. These an- tons displayed in many large museums nual layers contain some pollen that has throughout the country and fragments fallen on the water from the surrounding of skeletons shown in Indiana's county plants. And wherever animals such as their historical society museums. clams and snails live in the lake, hard remains also are buried in the mud. Why do the bones remain intact for Botanists and zoologists can take sam- thousands of years? Most of the Ice Age ples every few inches through the mud animals we know now as fossils died when layers at the bottom of a lake and deter- they became stuck in soft mud on the mine what kinds of trees grew in the for- bottom of a shallow lake or bog. When ests around the lake by studying the pol- the animal had sunk out of sight under len, snails and other small organisms. the water, more mud was deposited on top of his remains, completing the burial Bones of other extinct animals have been recovered from the same quickly before the bones had a chance to seldom sites as elephants, but similar locations rot. When bones, shells and wood are have yielded remains of the giant beaver encased in wet mud, they will ordinarily (an animal as big as a brown bear), the be preserved for a long time. elk, musk ox, caribou, horse and others. By examining the contents of layers of An excellent giant beaver skeleton re-

March, 1958 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 19 covered in Randolph County is mounted hunt the Ice Age elephants? So far, stone at the Earlham College Museum and arrow points have been found near only part of a specimen from southern Grant a few skeletons, which still leaves doubt County is in the Chicago Museum. Per- that the Indian ever saw the animal alive. haps the bones of smaller animals are To reasonably solve this puzzle and reported less often because, being smaller many others about the life of our Ice Age than the elephant, they are obviously elephants, the Indiana geologist needs to not recognized as fossils and are often examine every bit of fossil uncovered. ignored. We realize we can't correct our past mis- Even though dozens of Ice Age ele- takes-ignoring excellent finds except for phants have been taken from bogs in a note in a local newspaper, keeping in- Indiana during the past century, geolo- complete records and even forgetting the gists still don't have all the answers about location of many of our excavations- the unknown world of the huge animals. but we can partially make up for the For example, one compulsive question, past by faithfully reporting and protect- long in the minds of scientists is: Did the ing future excavations which are sure to earliest Indians who lived in Indiana turn up-even during 1958. *

National Wildlife Week NATIONAL WILDLIFE WEEK, sponsored by the National Wildlife Federation, will be observed March 16 through 22. The theme of the week's observance will be "Let's Work Together to Protect Our Public Lands." Programs carrying out this theme will be on radio, television and in newspapers. Many conservation clubs will enter into the spirit of the week by preparing programs of their own. Every state will take a special interest in this observance. Each year the National Wildlife Federation chooses for its special theme one which draws attention to some species of wildlife that, because of its near-extinction, needs extra protection. In this manner the public is informed and their attention is focused on the need for their support in forwarding the policies of conservation and such a program. The theme, "Protect Our Public Lands," this year brings sharply into focus the encroachment on our wildlife refuges by selfish interests, the destruction of our forests by fire, the loss of our top soil by unwarranted erosion and the malicious polluting of our streams and lakes. Our public lands belong to all the people of the United States. As the nation's population grows it puts heavy demands upon natural resources. The public lands must continue to play a large part in meeting those demands and providing growth and development. As such, they should be managed under programs that assure the wisest use over a long period. Such programs can only grow out of the support given by the public and Congress. The Bureau of Land Management, under whose jurisdiction our public lands are placed, can offer no better protection than is authorized by Congress and for which Congress appropriates money. Congress will support this agency only in i relation to the importance people place on the need for protecting these lands from selfish persons who wish to destroy them.

Page 20 " OUTDOOR INDIANA March, 1958

i Sportsmen drop the net on cottontails. Left, the Swazey twins of Seymour grasp two wriggling victims which they "netted."

Rabbit "Seining" Boosts Hunting

long seine in one section of the former A NEWects gimmick- rabbit in conservation"seining" - proj-was U. S. Air Force base, 300 other partici- launched at Freeman Field near Seymour pants formed a long crescent-shaped line by 15 Jackson County conservation and started marching toward the net. As clubs. The annual program has seen over a rabbit was scared up and started toward 800 cottontails captured and transplant- the net, the seine was dropped and the ed to farms throughout the region. cottontail was bagged. The rabbit "seining" program has The captured rabbits were divided resulted in greatly improved hunting equally among clubs of the county and throughout Jackson County, conserva- were released on farms throughout the tion officials state. county. Each Sunday in the latter part of Jan- Supervising the program were conser- uary and early in February between 300 vation officers, Lt. Henry Shirley and and 400 sportsmen converged on the field James Olmstead and James Endicott, for the weekly rabbit drive. Jackson County conservation club repre- While some 50 men held a 300-foot- sentative. " March, 1958 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 21 From the minds of conservation e

U P IN Noble County near Albion ] seven natural clear lakes strung gether like a pearl necklace. These lak and surrounding undeveloped area we officially christened Chain-O-Lakes, Ho sierland's newest state park, by the la legislature. Yet, no Hoosier can enter the par because the roads, beaches, bathhouse( picnic tables, boat docks, campground are nonexistent-that is, to everyone e cept a group of visionaries-park pla ners, architects, surveyors, draftsmen engineers of the engineering division the Department of Conservation. MEN WHO These men are the backbone of ai development or improvement in sta parks, memorials, forests and game arei Perhaps you regard these men as t "mathematicians" who are called in aft SOLVE major decisions are history. But y would be astounded to learn how mai momentous decisions they make and he much those decisions depend, not on upon their engineering skill, but al UNUSUAL upon their insight into what Hoosic want. Twelve years ago, state parks pi sented our engineers with a stupendo problem, one which even now is on PROBLEMS partially solved: Find a suitable site f

Presented with the million-dollar re- sponsibility of finding a site for and designing a state park, landscape archi- tects came up with this sketch of the future Chain-O-Lakes park near Albion. So far 1,000 of the proposed 2,700 acres have been purchased.

Page 22 * OUTDOOR INDIANA such designs as a new lake state park and a bathhouse under water.

a new state park in the northeastern building begins, experience proves that lakes region and prepare a master plan preliminary studies are extremely accu- for its development. That commission rate. was a million-dollar responsibility! While designing a state park, engineers It had been decided that a group of live up to their reputations as practical typical lakes should be preserved for pos- men, but they also must possess a pre- terity in a state park in their natural, vailing "eye for beauty." All structures unspoiled beauty since many lakes were are secondary to the natural beauty of becoming less and less accessible for gen- the park. eral public use. "We don't want our engineers to build Engineers began a meticulous search; monuments to themselves," emphasizes they scoured aerial photographs of sev- Henry Prange, head of engineering. eral northeastern counties. The choice "That's why our park roads and trails narrowed then with little doubt settled follow the contours of the land wherever on an area not served by a state park, possible, so they do not obscure the land- on an ideal spot described by Ed Nott, scape; that's why our structures are al- landscape architect, as a "miniature wil- ways rustic with subdued colors that derness containing a string of picturesque never clash with the landscape. The pres- lakes connected by waterways." From ervation of the scenic beauty of the park the very first, the name, Chain-O-Lakes, comes first! " sprang up spontaneously and stuck. After Chain-O-Lakes was minutely The Commission approved the loca- planned, not before, the boundaries were tion and landscape architects and engi- determined; for a park, like a spilled neers developed a preliminary, but com- drop of ink, flows and creates its own prehensive, design for the whole park, limits, according to its contour and its including best entrance from State Road proposed accommodations. This method 9, circulation of interior roads, foot of setting boundaries prevents the pur- trails, horse trails, picnic areas, camp chase of unnecessary land, perhaps costly ground, boat docks, swimming beach and farm land which might later have to be structures. Although minor corrections discarded because it did not fit into the may be made in the master plan when total design. In 1956, the acquisition of land began. The local Joint County Park Board in the area which will most benefit from the park, is buying the land and will donate it to the Department of Conservation for development. So far, more than 1,000 of the proposed 2,700 acres have been ob- tained. As you can see, developing a park is a long-range project and several years will elapse before you will be able to drive into Chain-O-Lakes Park. Our engineers are far from finished, in spite of years

OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 23 "reviving the past"

"Dutch biscuits," resembling shredded- wheat biscuits, provided unique, old- fashioned insulation for dormitory roof. Engineers are not reconstructing these because they won't show.

Dilapidated dormitory built in 1814 by a New Harmony religious sect is being restored. Engineers have scoured coun- tryside to match aged stone and wood.

of work already off the drawing boards. selves and they separated the men and They still have to draw up a final master their wives into community sleeping dor- plan and individual blueprints for each mitories. structure and let contracts before con- Now, nearly 150 years later, this his- struction even begins. torical experiment in living is memorial- As does Chain-O-Lakes, most conser- ized and Dormitory No. 2, dilapidated vation engineering feats constitute a and ripped by termites, is being revived. unique puzzle, usually without prece- Such restoration is always more costly dent and often a real test of an engineer's than original construction and quite ingenuity. Such a case is the restoration ticklish because nearly all structural of New Harmony state memorial. items must be custom made; for unless In 1814 a religious sect, known as the restoration is historically authentic, i Rappites after their leader Father George loses its meaning. The Rappites made Rapp, immigrated to southern Indiana on their own tools by hand, chopped and the Wabash and attempted to establish sawed their lumber from a nearby woods, a workable heaven on earth -- a true carted stone from the local quarry which Harmony. So devout were these settlers no longer exists and made their bricks that they faithfully believed the end of and mortar on the site. the world was upon them. Consequently, They also covered the inside of the they saw no reason to reproduce them- roof with a unique homemade insulation.

Page 24 * OUTDOOR INDIANA March, 1958 They wrapped a mixture of clay and no wood-so it could be submerged with- strands of straw around a stick, then, out damage, reasoned Henry Prange. with mud as a plaster, fitted the "Dutch The structure, 100 by 34 feet, con- biscuit," which resembles a shredded- tains no electrical outlets. When submer- wheat biscuit, into rows between the sion is imminent, all plumbing facilities beams. are plugged to prevent water damage. After the water recedes, a whisk of the In order to give the roof, windows, hose and the bathhouse is back in busi- doors and floors the desired authentic ness! appearance of age, engineers have con- ducted a real scavenger hunt to match Another aspect which formulates a the Rappites' material. problem for the engineer is omnipresent economy. "It's an engineer's duty to use Fortunately, the poplar and cypress the material that is available on the wood, extensively used, is still available, spot," opines Charlie Preston, specialist to get that "150-year-old look" but how in dam construction. so necessary around windows and other parts that show? Some window frames To Charlie, the most interesting dam were lifted from an old barn in New he has designed, in spite of larger and Harmony and some were custom made more expensive ones, is that which im- by a mill in New Harmony. After a pounds water at Willow Slough Game Preserve in Newton County. The cost of search, engineers located in French Lick, some stone which in texture and color hauling in good impervious dam mate- matches the Rappites'. Most of the worn rial such as soil with heavy clay content brick is being re-used, and modern brick was prohibitive. The only available stuff is installed only in areas that are not .was sand; so sand it had to be. Obviously very noticeable. sand is not water tight. While some nearby residents The "Dutch biscuits" will not be imi- scoffed, engineers carefully supervised erection of tated since they are not apparent through a dam with an extremely wide base and the plaster. Thus, through modern engi- calculated the seepage to make sure an neering, Dormitory No. 2 is regaining its excessive amount of water didn't sift stature and yet retaining its historic sig- through. The problem was how to com- nificance. press the sand enough to make it fairly Conservation engineering not only in- water tight. Since sand is extremely fine, volves a search for material, but often a it could not be rolled like the usual clay search for an entirely original idea. If material, but engineers came up with a you have ever utilized the bathhouse at successful trick. They employed vibra- Cataract Lake, you may experience an tions produced by a tractor to compact eerie sensation to learn that during heavy the sand. fall and spring rains, that very bathhouse These few examples of conservation sits like a ghostly structure at the bottom engineering projects are only a brush of the lake. stroke on a total picture which encom- Since the principal purpose of Cata- passes 66 conservation areas varying in ract Lake is to store water to prevent size from the city block of the old Cory- flooding of the valley below, the water don Capitol to more than 20,000 acres at level fluctuates with the rain. To keep a Morgan-Monroe State Forest. With this bathhouse safe from flooding, it would huge responsibility you can be sure our have to be located an absurd quarter of engineering division never lacks a prob- a mile from the beach. Why not erect it lem and you can be equally sure they wholly from brick, concrete and metal- don't lack an answer for long. * March, 1958 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 25 Meet Your Cons eruation Officer

James A. Maxwell serves the coun of Lawrence. Born in Burnsides, Ke tucky, in 1919, he adopted the State Indiana as his home several years ago. He and his charming wife Myra ai their four-year-old son now live Oolitic. After being graduated from both gra and high schools, Maxwell went in business for himself. He served in t. Army for 4'2 years and attained the rai of sergeant. After serving his country, he joined t conservation officer force four years a: Highly respected in his county, Maxw, lives and breathes conservation. We hear also that Maxwell is wi Officer Howard F. Clark known for his hobby-cooking. Althoul he practices his culinary art extensive] his specialty is barbecued chicken. One of the newest conservation officers is Howard F. Clark. Stationed in Ver- million County, he has been with the Department less than a year. Clark now resides with his wife, Dor- othy, and two daughters, ages four and one, at 1225 S. 5th St. in Clinton. Clark's education consisted of grade and high schools, after which he became a machin- ist at Allison Division of General Motors. Like all able-bodied men, he served in the Army for over five years. At the time of his discharge he held the rating of Sp. 2nd class. Then he qualified for and joined the conservation officer force. Besides maintaining an intense inter- est in his work, he finds time to follow his hobby-playing the guitar. But music is not his only hobby; he is also inter- ested in the things in which his chosen occupation engages him-fishing, hunt- ing and, of course, guns.

Page 26 * OUTDOOR INDIANA SUBSCRIPTION TO OUTDOOR INDIANA

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The Legend of the Dogwood

At the time of the Crucifixion the dogwood attained the size of the oak and other forest trees. So strong and firm was the wood it was chosen as the timber for the Cross.

To be thus used for such a cruel purpose greatly distressed the tree and Jesus, nailed upon it, sensed this and in His gentle pity for all sorrow, said to it: "Because of your regret and pity for my suffering, I make you this promise: Never again shall the Dogwood Tree grow large enough to be used for a Cross. Henceforth it shall be slender and shall be bent and twisted and its blossoms shall be in the form of a cross-two long and two short petals.

"And in the center of the outer edge of each petal there will be nail prints. And in the center of the flower, brown with rust and stained with blood, will be a crown of thorns-so that all who see it will remember it was upon a dogwood tree that I was crucified, and this tree shall not be mutilated nor destroyed but cherished and pro- tected as a reminder of My agony and death upon the Cross." March, 1958 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 27 Archery Aroiund Indiana

By LESTER BURRIS

* The Indiana Field Archery Associa- March 16, Linton; April 13, Mitche tion met in Indianapolis January 19 and May 18, Crawfordsville; June 15, Ea set the following dates for district shoots: Gary; July 13, Greenfield; August 1 Evansville. The state championship shoot will held August 31 and September 1 at 56-target course at Michigan City. * The annual archery carp derby, spot sored by the Brandywine Bowmen, Inc of Greenfield, is open to all Hoosier arch ers. Prizes for the largest carp legally sbo with a bow and arrow in Indiana between now and Labor Day will be $25, $1 and $10. Contestants should send the following~ to Roland C. Gravenkemper, 4048 IN Adams Court, Indianapolis: Entry fe of $1.00 which must be postmarked on week prior to the day you shoot the carr a picture of the carp next to one or tw Huge carp taken by bow and arrow from yardsticks, and an affidavit signed b: near Fortville won first place Geist Lake persons, confirming weight, length for Lester Burris in the 1957 Greenfield two Carp Derby. date and place carp was shot.

Deadline Set for Soil Bank APRIL 15 is the deadline for landowners to apply for the 1958 Soil Bank Progra at their local soil conservation offices. The program affords a double-barrele opportunity to help increase wildlife populations and improve soil. Land placed i this program helps cut farm surpluses by noncultivation, builds up our top soil an through systemized plantings provides food for wildlife. The Conservation Reserve Program can be made a part of the Soil Bank project Programs contained in Conservation Reserve are: G-1, Establishment and Manage' ment of Cover Specifically Beneficial to Wildlife; G-2, Water and Marsh Manage ment to Benefit Wildlife; G-3, Constructing Dams or Ponds for Fish. Under the Conservation Reserve Program it is also possible for the Division o Fish and Game, through its Wildlife Habitat Restoration Project, to cooperate with the farmer under certain conditions. For further information write this agency at 311 W. Washington St., Indianapolis.

Page 28 " OUTDOOR INDIANA March, 1951 m

Four young nature lovers huddle around Bob Weber, a park naturalist since 1951, who identifies a redbud tree.

See state parks

through a personal "guide"

Naturalist "guides" reside all summer at eight Hoosier parks.

By DAVID A. GRIGGS Chief Naturalist with State Parks

finds that studying the wonders of the to the wonders of A"PERSONALnature is awaitingGUIDE" each park-going world around him is a great part of the Hoosier again this summer. essence of his living. Perhaps our think- The "guides," better known as park ing jumps almost automatically to such naturalists, will be on hand to answer an inspiring example as Henry David questions and interpret the parks to visi- Thoreau of yesteryear, or some of the tors from June 10 to September 1 at modern wanderers who write so thrill- eight of our parks - Indiana Dunes, ingly and reverently of the beauties of Pokagon, Turkey Run, Shades, Brown our world. County, McCormick's Creek, Spring Mill These same qualities of love of the and Clifty Falls. out-of-doors pervade the spirits of our Often during my nine years as a nat- park naturalists, who are usually teach- uralist my associates have curiously ers or advanced college students major- asked, "What is a naturalist?" In a gen- ing in education or science. eral way, he is a student of nature-who (Continued on next page)

March, 1958 EDUCATIONAL SECTION * Page 29 Specifically, a park naturalist regards ferns, fungi, stars, geology or local his-' every visitor as his own guest and helps tory. As a rule the hikes start at regular make each vacation or day at the park as times each day from places interested rewarding for the guest as possible. Few visitors can easily locate. Hoosiers in a park know exactly where The naturalist hopes that the two to look for a precious rare wildflower hours or more spent on a typical nature or realize how a fascinating cave was hike will be both entertaining and infor- formed. A naturalist has these answers at mative to visitors. The friendly associa- his fingertips. tions that spring up among hikers from Each day and each week the naturalist their own mutual conversations and their posts in the lobby of the park inn and inspirations in the relaxed atmosphere of often in the camp grounds, a schedule of the woodlands have become traditional park activities which may range from a in our parks. breakfast hike to an evening square Here we are not in a hurry; we have dance. All guests-from hikers in for a time to stop and investigate anything Sunday trek through the trails to week- which catches our attention-or just stop long vacationers at the inn-are encour- momentarily away from the brash sounds aged to take a look at the schedules and of civilization and listen quietly to the join the activities. sounds of nature. A naturalist's chief function of inter- Sometimes groups such as Scouts, 4-H, preting nature to park visitors is best church groups and others ask a naturalist realized when he conducts nature hikes to exclusively help them with tree study, and gives nature or conservation lectures. bird study, lectures or exploratory hik- Nature hikes are sometimes general ing. Requests for such special programs just to acquaint visitors with the park should be made a few days in advance so and to observe apparent natural features. the naturalist may work them into his Other hikes may study a particular sub- regular schedule. ject such as birds, wild flowers, trees, When evening falls, the naturalist has

Singing along through McCormick's Creek State Park, hay riders, accompanied by a park naturalist, have a good time and also pick up some of nature's hidden secrets.

Page 30 * EDUCATIONAL SECTION March, 1958 charge of a recreation program for guests. So that everyone during the week will find at least some programs that appeal to him, the naturalist arranges a variety likely to include songfests, game nights, hayrides, square dances, wiener roasts, as well as conservation slide lectures or films, nature talks or star walks. Often an activity combines recreation with information. For example, a hay ride in Brown County may pass by an open field where white-tail deer can be sighted. Here the naturalist gets a chance to inject wildlife information. Since the deer has poor eyesight, it is attracted to the dim flashlights. But with its keen Author David Griggs has hearty lungs for calling an old-fashioned square hearing and sense of smell the deer will dance for visitors at a state park inn. soon flit away again into the dark. Mr. Griggs is a science instructor at Ft. Wayne Central High School. In addition to these organized activi- ties, in some parks where facilities are Sometimes a naturalist may even act available the naturalist may maintain as a consultant outside the park. He may nature museums with displays which help receive a call to come and identify a many to understand the things they see snake someone has caught, or a strange in the park. We have found that thou- insect. Once, a lady from southern Indi- sands of persons each year visit these ana came to the Brown County naturalist museums which, of course, are free of with this question: "For years and years charge. I have looked at a tree in my front yard and never have been able to determine Another function of the park natural- its identity." The naturalist accompanied ist is a little harder to record statistically, the lady to her home and proclaimed the but is nonetheless a significant part of tree a variety of the honey locust which his day. A brief chat with someone who was lacking the usual thorns. missed the morning hike, a cordial word So this summer when you invade one of welcome to a new guest, a gentle of our eight parks with the "personal answer to a small boy who, grasping a guide" service, be sure to take advantage wiggling garter snake, exclaims, "Is this of it. The naturalist program, one of the snake poisonous?" All are a part of a best in the whole country, is maintained naturalist's day. only so Hoosiers may better understand not only their state parks, but all of out- In his spare time a naturalist may door Indiana. * carry on some scientific research which may be valuable to the Conservation De- To a person uninstructed in natural partment and indirectly to everyone in- history, his country or seaside stroll is a terested in nature, and which perhaps walk through a gallery filled with won- will add a bit of information to man's derful works of art, nine-tenths of which ever-growing library of knowledge about have their faces turned to the wall. his world. THOMAS H. HUXLEY

March, 1958 EDUCATIONAL SECTION * Page 31 ANNOUNCEMENTS A RARE CATCH Do you know of any conservation proj- ects or activities? If so, I am compiling a listing and would like to know about all such activities. Write Educational Ad- visor, Department of Conservation, 311 W. Washington, Indianapolis.

EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL * Bibliography of Nature, a selected list of books dealing with the out-of- doors. Free from Educational Advisor, Department of Conservation.

Bee Wright displays his giant badger " The Amateur Naturalist's Handbook, weighing approximately 40 pounds, by Vinson Brown - Little, Brown, which he trapped near Bloomingdale in $3.50. Parke County on January 17. Helping. him with the creature, which is rare in Indiana, is Conservation Officer W. F. * Golden Nature Guides, Simon and Follmer. Schuster, New York (paper back $1.00) Series -birds, insects, stars, flowers, trees, reptiles, and amphib- ians, mammals, seashore life, rocks New Topo Maps and minerals. Composite topographic maps of bot] Marion and Johnson counties, each pub * Basic Science Education Series-Row lished to a scale of 1 to 48,000, are avail Peterson & Co., Chicago. For all grade able at a cost of $1.50 each from Wate levels, 36¢ each. Resources, 311 W. Washington St., In dianapolis. In addition, the following six map Multiflora Rose were also published during the pas Due month: Sullivan (revision), Sulliva Applications County; Rays Crossing, Shelby an, Those who wish free multiflora rose Rush counties; Lorane, Whitley County seedlings to plant this spring for living Rusk, Martin County; Ligonier, Nobl fences or wildlife food patches should County, and Spencer, Owen Count) apply as soon as possible to James A. These can be purchased for 300 each. Hughes, project leader. Orders are filled on a "first come, first served" basis and orders received after Nature Nook the supply has been exhausted will be held over to next year. Applicants must Ever wonder how many plants ther have five or more acres of land and plant- are in Indiana? So far, 1,838 kinds o ings cannot be used for ornamental pur- plants have already been found in In poses. diana.

Page 32 * OUTDOOR INDIANA March, 195 From small acorns

's. Driving along the highway in southern tiny seeds a forest gro Indiana, one FROMpasses some of the most beautiful forests found anywhere. To some, the beauty of our forests is overwhelming . To others, the forests bring a sense of appreciation of nature's wonderful bounties. While we all agree a forest is a thing of beauty, little thought is given to just how thhis beauty originated. We give little thought to the fact that years before, those same trees, now a forest, were just minute seeds, struggling to gain a foothold in Mother Earth, so they might begin the cycle of their growth. Without those little seeds, the forest we so reverently enjoy would not be there.

Likewise, the program of conservation would not exist if it weren't for the seeds planted in our hearts and cognizant of the need for a program. State and national conservation agencies can formulate programs and to some degree implement them. But the basic seed necessary for a well-rounded program is participation both as an individual and as a club. Many times clubs fail to see the tree for the forest.

Club participation in conservation, regardless of how small or large, is a step toward a well-rounded conservation program. However small the club project, and seemingly insignificant to the club, it adds to the whole. The project the club assumes does not have to be a large one which risks possible failure. Better it be one that can be successfully carried out within the capacities of the club membership. It is better to complete one, even a small one, than to launch a large one and forsake it. Failure can leave a far-reaching detrimental effect on the club.

Projects for clubs are numerous. Each in itself is a seed to grow into a whole, a seed necessary to round out the conservation program.

May we ask, clubs, what seed have you planted to help the whole? Remember, the forest started from tiny seeds. Are you sowing a seed that will help produce the forest of conservation? You can, you know, with a little effort, a little cooperation, and a little devotion to the principles of sound conservation.

Editor r M47

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