Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing Volume 1206 Series Editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Advisory Editors Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India Rafael Bello Perez, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, Universidad Central de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Hani Hagras, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK László T. Kóczy, Department of Automation, Széchenyi István University, Gyor, Hungary Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA Chin-Teng Lin, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan Jie Lu, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Patricia Melin, Graduate Program of Computer Science, Tijuana Institute of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico Nadia Nedjah, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Ngoc Thanh Nguyen , Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland Jun Wang, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong The series “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” contains publications on theory, applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent Computing. Virtually all disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer and information science, ICT, economics, business, e-commerce, environment, healthcare, life science are covered. The list of topics spans all the areas of modern intelligent systems and computing such as: computational intelligence, soft computing including neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computing and the fusion of these paradigms, social intelligence, ambient intelligence, computational neuro- science, artificial life, virtual worlds and society, cognitive science and systems, Perception and Vision, DNA and immune based systems, self-organizing and adaptive systems, e-Learning and teaching, human-centered and human-centric computing, recommender systems, intelligent control, robotics and mechatronics including human-machine teaming, knowledge-based paradigms, learning paradigms, machine ethics, intelligent data analysis, knowledge management, intelligent agents, intelligent decision making and support, intelligent network security, trust management, interactive entertainment, Web intelligence and multimedia. The publications within “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” are primarily proceedings of important conferences, symposia and congresses. They cover significant recent developments in the field, both of a foundational and applicable character. An important characteristic feature of the series is the short publication time and world-wide distribution. This permits a rapid and broad dissemination of research results. ** Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to ISI Proceedings, EI-Compendex, DBLP, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Springerlink ** More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11156 Daniel N Cassenti • Sofia Scataglini • Sudhakar L. Rajulu • Julia L. Wright Editors Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Human Factors and Simulation, and Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization, July 16–20, 2020, USA 123 Editors Daniel N Cassenti Sofia Scataglini RDRL-HRF-D, Building 519 Department of Product Development, U.S. Army Research Laboratory Faculty of Design Sciences Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium Sudhakar L. Rajulu Biomedical Research & Environmental Julia L. Wright Sciences Division U.S. Army Research Laboratory NASA Lyndon Johnson Space Center Orlando, FL, USA Houston, TX, USA ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic) Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ISBN 978-3-030-51063-3 ISBN 978-3-030-51064-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51064-0 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2020 AHFE 2020 Series Editors Tareq Z. Ahram, Florida, USA Waldemar Karwowski, Florida, USA 11th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics and the Affiliated Conferences Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Human Factors and Simulation, and the International Conference on Human Factors in Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization, July 16–20, 2020, USA. Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Hasan Ayaz and Umer Asgher Engineering Advances in Industrial Design Giuseppe Di Bucchianico, Cliff Sungsoo Shin, Scott Shim, Shuichi Fukuda, Gianni Montagna and Cristina Carvalho Advances in Ergonomics in Design Francisco Rebelo and Marcelo Soares Advances in Safety Management and Human Pedro M. Arezes and Ronald L. Boring Performance Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics in Jay Kalra and Nancy J. Lightner Healthcare and Medical Devices Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Daniel N Cassenti, Sofia Scataglini, Modeling Sudhakar L. Rajulu and Julia L. Wright Advances in Human Factors and Systems Isabel L. Nunes Interaction Advances in the Human Side of Service Jim Spohrer and Christine Leitner Engineering Advances in Human Factors, Business Jussi Ilari Kantola, Salman Nazir and Management and Leadership Vesa Salminen Advances in Human Factors in Robots, Drones Matteo Zallio and Unmanned Systems Advances in Human Factors in Cybersecurity Isabella Corradini, Enrico Nardelli and Tareq Ahram (continued) v vi Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2020 (continued) Advances in Human Factors in Training, Salman Nazir, Tareq Ahram and Education, and Learning Sciences Waldemar Karwowski Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation Neville Stanton Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Software and Tareq Ahram Systems Engineering Advances in Human Factors in Architecture, Jerzy Charytonowicz Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure Advances in Physical, Social & Occupational Waldemar Karwowski, Ravindra S. Ergonomics Goonetilleke, Shuping Xiong, Richard H.M. Goossens and Atsuo Murata Advances in Manufacturing, Production Beata Mrugalska, Stefan Trzcielinski, Management and Process Control Waldemar Karwowski, Massimo Di Nicolantonio and Emilio Rossi Advances in Usability, User Experience, Wearable Tareq Ahram and Christianne Falcão and Assistive Technology Advances in Creativity, Innovation, Evangelos Markopoulos, Ravindra S. Entrepreneurship and Communication of Design Goonetilleke, Amic G. Ho and Yan Luximon Preface This volume is a compilation of cutting-edge research regarding how simulation and modeling supports human factors. The compilation of chapters is the result of efforts by the International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE), which provides the organization for several affiliated conferences. Specifically, the chapters herein represent the International Conference on Human Factors and Simulation and the International Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization. Simulation is a technology that supports an approximation of real-world scenes and scenarios for a user. For example, a cockpit simulator represents the configu- ration of the inside of a cockpit and presents a sensory and motor experience to mimic flight. Simulations advance research by providing similar experiences to those scenarios that would otherwise be impractical to carry out in the real world for such reasons as monetary cost or safety concerns. Simulations can support numerous goals including training or practice on established skills. Modeling is a somewhat different tool than simulation, though the two are often used interchangeably as they both imply estimation of real-world scenes or scenarios that bypass practical concerns. The difference in the context of this book is that modeling is not intended to provide a user with

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