Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Volume 1206

Series Editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Advisory Editors Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India Rafael Bello Perez, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, Universidad Central de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Hani Hagras, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK László T. Kóczy, Department of Automation, Széchenyi István University, Gyor, Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA Chin-Teng Lin, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan Jie Lu, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Patricia Melin, Graduate Program of Computer Science, Tijuana Institute of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico Nadia Nedjah, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of , Rio de Janeiro, Ngoc Thanh Nguyen , Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland Jun Wang, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of , Shatin, Hong Kong The series “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” contains publications on theory, applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent Computing. Virtually all disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer and information science, ICT, economics, business, e-commerce, environment, healthcare, life science are covered. The list of topics spans all the areas of modern intelligent systems and computing such as: computational intelligence, soft comput- ing including neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computing and the fusion of these paradigms, social intelligence, ambient intelligence, computational neuro- science, artificial life, virtual worlds and society, cognitive science and systems, Perception and Vision, DNA and immune based systems, self-organizing and adaptive systems, e-Learning and teaching, human-centered and human-centric computing, recommender systems, intelligent control, robotics and mechatronics including human-machine teaming, knowledge-based paradigms, learning para- digms, machine ethics, intelligent data analysis, knowledge management, intelligent agents, intelligent decision making and support, intelligent network security, trust management, interactive entertainment, Web intelligence and multimedia. The publications within “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” are primarily proceedings of important conferences, symposia and congresses. They cover significant recent developments in the field, both of a foundational and applicable character. An important characteristic feature of the series is the short publication time and world-wide distribution. This permits a rapid and broad dissemination of research results. ** Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to ISI Proceedings, EI-Compendex, DBLP, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Springerlink **

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11156 Daniel N Cassenti • Sofia Scataglini • Sudhakar L. Rajulu • Julia L. Wright Editors

Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Human Factors and Simulation, and Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization, July 16–20, 2020, USA

123 Editors Daniel N Cassenti Sofia Scataglini RDRL-HRF-D, Building 519 Department of Product Development, U.S. Army Research Laboratory Faculty of Design Sciences Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium Sudhakar L. Rajulu Biomedical Research & Environmental Julia L. Wright Sciences Division U.S. Army Research Laboratory NASA Lyndon Johnson Space Center Orlando, FL, USA Houston, TX, USA

ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic) Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ISBN 978-3-030-51063-3 ISBN 978-3-030-51064-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51064-0

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2020

AHFE 2020 Series Editors Tareq Z. Ahram, Florida, USA Waldemar Karwowski, Florida, USA

11th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics and the Affiliated Conferences

Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Human Factors and Simulation, and the International Conference on Human Factors in Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization, July 16–20, 2020, USA.

Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Hasan Ayaz and Umer Asgher Engineering Advances in Industrial Design Giuseppe Di Bucchianico, Cliff Sungsoo Shin, Scott Shim, Shuichi Fukuda, Gianni Montagna and Cristina Carvalho Advances in Ergonomics in Design Francisco Rebelo and Marcelo Soares Advances in Safety Management and Human Pedro M. Arezes and Ronald L. Boring Performance Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics in Jay Kalra and Nancy J. Lightner Healthcare and Medical Devices Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Daniel N Cassenti, Sofia Scataglini, Modeling Sudhakar L. Rajulu and Julia L. Wright Advances in Human Factors and Systems Isabel L. Nunes Interaction Advances in the Human Side of Service Jim Spohrer and Christine Leitner Engineering Advances in Human Factors, Business Jussi Ilari Kantola, Salman Nazir and Management and Leadership Vesa Salminen Advances in Human Factors in Robots, Drones Matteo Zallio and Unmanned Systems Advances in Human Factors in Cybersecurity Isabella Corradini, Enrico Nardelli and Tareq Ahram (continued)

v vi Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2020

(continued) Advances in Human Factors in Training, Salman Nazir, Tareq Ahram and Education, and Learning Sciences Waldemar Karwowski Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation Neville Stanton Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Software and Tareq Ahram Systems Engineering Advances in Human Factors in Architecture, Jerzy Charytonowicz Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure Advances in Physical, Social & Occupational Waldemar Karwowski, Ravindra S. Ergonomics Goonetilleke, Shuping Xiong, Richard H.M. Goossens and Atsuo Murata Advances in Manufacturing, Production Beata Mrugalska, Stefan Trzcielinski, Management and Process Control Waldemar Karwowski, Massimo Di Nicolantonio and Emilio Rossi Advances in Usability, User Experience, Wearable Tareq Ahram and Christianne Falcão and Assistive Technology Advances in Creativity, Innovation, Evangelos Markopoulos, Ravindra S. Entrepreneurship and Communication of Design Goonetilleke, Amic G. Ho and Yan Luximon Preface

This volume is a compilation of cutting-edge research regarding how simulation and modeling supports human factors. The compilation of chapters is the result of efforts by the International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE), which provides the organization for several affiliated conferences. Specifically, the chapters herein represent the International Conference on Human Factors and Simulation and the International Conference on Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization. Simulation is a technology that supports an approximation of real-world scenes and scenarios for a user. For example, a cockpit simulator represents the configu- ration of the inside of a cockpit and presents a sensory and motor experience to mimic flight. Simulations advance research by providing similar experiences to those scenarios that would otherwise be impractical to carry out in the real world for such reasons as monetary cost or safety concerns. Simulations can support numerous goals including training or practice on established skills. Modeling is a somewhat different tool than simulation, though the two are often used interchangeably as they both imply estimation of real-world scenes or sce- narios that bypass practical concerns. The difference in the context of this book is that modeling is not intended to provide a user with an experience, but rather to represent anything pertinent about the real world in computational algorithms, possibly including people and their psychological processing. Modeling may answer questions about large-scale scenarios that would be difficult to address otherwise, such as the effects of economic interventions or smaller-scale scenarios such as the cognitive processing required to perform a task that is otherwise undetectable by measurement devices. The goal of the research herein is to bring awareness and attention to advances that human factors specialists may make in their field to address the design of programs of research, systems, policies and devices. This book provides a plethora of avenues for human factors research that may be helped by simulation and modeling.

vii viii Preface

The book is divided into the following ten sections: Section 1 Human Factors and Simulated Agents Section 2 Training and Simulation Section 3 Socio-Political Modeling Section 4 Driving Simulators Section 5 Healthcare and Occupational Safety Section 6 Perceptual and Cognitive Processes Section 7 Digital Human Modeling by Women Section 8 Motion Capture and Analysis Section 9 3D Anthropometry, Shape Modeling and Applied Optimization Section 10 Comfort, Perception and Cognitive Modeling Sections 1–6 cover topics in simulation and modeling, while Sections 7–10 cover topics in Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization. All papers in this book were either reviewed or contributed by the members of editorial board. For this, we would like to recognize the board members listed below: Simulation and Modeling H. Alnizami, USA J. Arora, USA R. Bhatt, USA P. Craven, USA B. Eiter, USA B. Gore, USA J. Irizarry, USA T. Jastrzembski, USA C. Neubauer, USA D. Patton, USA B. Perelman, USA J. Ralph, USA T. Sotomayor, USA S. Su, USA M. Sun, USA J. Wright, USA Z. Yang, USA Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization C. Blais, USA D. Bonin, B. Bradtmiller, USA H. Choi, USA L. Hanson, Sweden T. Huysmans, The Netherlands M. Jones, USA Preface ix

H. Kim, USA D. Regazzoni, E. Suhir, USA/Australia A. Upmann, Germany X. Wang, France S. Wischniewski, Germany H. Wirsching, Germany This book covers diverse topics in simulation and modeling. We hope this book is informative and helpful for the researchers and practitioners in developing better products, services and systems.

July 2020 Daniel N. Cassenti Sofia Scataglini Sudhakar Rajulu Julia Wright Contents

Human Factors and Simulated Agents Trustworthy Human-Centered Automation Through Explainable AI and High-Fidelity Simulation ...... 3 Bradley Hayes and Michael Moniz Conducting Polyphonic Human-Robot Communication: Mastering Crescendos and Diminuendos in Transparency ...... 10 Ryan W. Wohleber, Kimberly Stowers, Jessie Y. C. Chen, and Michael Barnes An Extended Framework for Context Modeling ...... 18 Daichi Mitsuhashi, Taro Kanno, Satoru Inoue, Daisuke Karikawa, Kohei Nonose, Kimitaka Asatani, and Kazuo Furuta Human-Machine Interaction Efficiency Factors in Flight Simulator Training Towards Chinese Pilots ...... 26 Qiang Li, Binbin Li, Nan Wang, Wenxi Li, Zhengfang Lyu, Yancong Zhu, and Wei Liu

Training and Simulation Utilizing Simulation to Train Decision Making with Conflicting Information ...... 35 Meredith Carroll, Paige Sanchez, Donna Wilt, and Summer Rebensky Considerations in Adding Adaptive Training to Existing Virtual Environments ...... 41 Anne M. Sinatra, Kimberly A. Pollard, Benjamin T. Files, Ashley Oiknine, and Debbie Patton

xi xii Contents

Evoking Stress Reactivity in a Virtual Dance Competition ...... 48 Lotte van Dammen, Neil Barnett, Roselynn Conrady, Lucas Wright, Bradon Thymes, and Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff Visualizing Quantitative Uncertainty: A Review of Common Approaches, Current Limitations, and Use Cases ...... 56 Tiffany R. Raber, Benjamin T. Files, Kimberly A. Pollard, Ashley H. Oiknine, and Mark S. Dennison

Socio-Political Modeling Negotiating an Inefficient Market: An Agent-Based Model Approach to Property Insurance Claim Negotiations ...... 65 Joseph Immormino, Youngsun Hwang, Manish Shrivastav, and Kristine Webster Hidden Markov Models for Visual Processing of Marketing Leaflets ...... 72 Jerzy Grobelny and Rafał Michalski Overcoming Inconvenience: How Society Can Incentivize Individual Recycling Behavior; An Agent-Based Model ...... 80 Ana Ortiz Salazar, Joseph M. Klein, and Zhamilia Klycheva Identifying New Team Trust and Team Cohesion Metrics that Support Future Human-Autonomy Teams ...... 86 Alyssa Milner, Dae Han Seong, Ralph W. Brewer, Anthony L. Baker, Andrea Krausman, David Chhan, Robert Thomson, Ericka Rovira, and Kristin E. Schaefer Feature Selection Modeling on Predicting EV Charging Station Coverage Rate in Southern California ...... 94 Zining Yang and Ruiqian Li

Driving Simulators Psychophysiological Predictors of Motion Sickness in the Driving Simulator ...... 103 Sylwia I. Kaduk, Aaron P. Roberts, and Neville A. Stanton Characterizing Driver Workload and Attention in a Simulated Automated Vehicle ...... 111 Brittany E. Holthausen and Bruce N. Walker Contents xiii

Comparative Analysis to the Performance of Three Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Routing Protocols in Time-Critical Events of Search and Rescue Missions...... 117 Salama A. Mostafa, Aida Mustapha, Azizul Azhar Ramli, Mohammed Ahmed Jubair, Mustafa Hamid Hassan, and Ali Hashim Abbas The Two-Level Complex of Traffic Behavior Assessment Focused on Driving Skills in the Context of Autonomous Driving ...... 124 Darina Havlíčková,PetrZámečník, Michal Šimeček, and Sára Klečková Validation of Immersive Design Parameters in Driving Simulation Environments ...... 136 Yvonne Lyga, Merle Lau, Elisabeth Brandenburg, and Rainer Stark Driving Simulator Validation of Machine Learning Classification for a Surface Electromyography-Based Steering Assistance Interface ...... 143 Edric John Nacpil and Kimihiko Nakano Building Narrative Scenarios for Human-Autonomous Vehicle Interaction Research in Simulators ...... 150 Xiaohua Sun, Yiwen Zhang, and Wenjie Zhou

Healthcare and Occupational Safety Gamification of Hazards Recognition in Mining with a Tabletop Card Game ...... 159 Laurie P. Wilson, Leonard D. Brown, Rustin Reed, and Jefferey L. Burgess Simulation-Based Safety Training for Plant Maintenance in Virtual Reality ...... 167 Ebo Kwegyir-Afful and Jussi Kantola Biomechanical Modeling and 3D Simulation of Firefighting Tasks .... 174 Susan Xu, Michael Hu, Jeffrey Powell, and Ziqing Zhuang

Perceptual and Cognitive Processes Tangible VR Multi-user Simulation Methodology for a Balanced Human System Integration ...... 183 Daniel López-Hernández, Marten Bloch, Konrad Bielecki, Robin Schmidt, Marcel C. A. Baltzer, and Frank Flemisch xiv Contents

MiNDesign: Toward a Modeling, Simulation and Evaluation Platform for Human Cognitive Performance...... 190 Zhiqiang Tian, Liang Zhang, Xin Wang, Yuzhou Liu, Junsong Li, Feng Fu, Zhen Liao, and Yanfei Liu Perception of Terrain Slope in Real and Virtual Environments ...... 197 Benjamin Lester, Rob Larson, Isaac Dosch, Graeme Fowler, and Robert Rauschenberger

Digital Human Modeling by Women An Exploratory Analysis of User Needs and Design Issues of Wearable Technology for Monitoring Running Performances ...... 207 Sofia Scataglini, Eline Cools, Johan Neyrinck, and Stijn Verwulgen How to Enhance Aging People’s Wellness by Means of Human Centered and Co-design Methodology ...... 216 Silvia Imbesi, Giuseppe Mincolelli, and Filippo Petrocchi Potentials and Limitations in the Application of Virtual Ergonomics: A Review of Empirical Studies ...... 226 Byungjoon B. J. Kim, Jinkun Lee, and Emma Kloth SOOMA - New Developments on Automation of Digital Model Cleaning ...... 234 Flavia Hofstetter Pastura, Gabriel Mendonça, Tales Costa, Thatiane Lopes, and Maria Cristina Palmer Lima Zamberlan Analysis of Surface Segments Deviations Between Different Female Body Types Based on 3D Flattening Method ...... 241 Maja Mahnic Naglic and Slavenka Petrak

Motion Capture and Analysis The Correlation Between Frontal Area and Joint Angles During Cycling ...... 251 Thomas Peeters, Raman Garimella, Elias Francken, Senne Henderieckx, Lukas van Nunen, and Stijn Verwulgen Goalkeeper’s Performances Assessed with Action Cameras Based Mocap System ...... 259 Filippo Colombo Zefinetti, Andrea Vitali, Daniele Regazzoni, and Giorgio Colombo A New Assessment for Monitoring Performance in Pianists ...... 267 Tom Defour, Sofia Scataglini, Liora Peres, Nick Meertens, Stijn Verwulgen, and Steven Truijen Contents xv

Evaluation of Golden Gait Approximation Using Smart Clothing ...... 275 Sofia Scataglini, Guillaume Abran, Eddy Roosens, Damien Van Tiggelen, Robby Haelterman, and Stijn Verwulgen Female Torso Shape Classification: Methods and Comparison ...... 283 Peng Li and Steven Paquette

3D Anthropometry, Shape Modeling and Applied Optimization Online Management and Query of Multimodal Human Motion and Shape Data ...... 293 Huaining Cheng, Eric Ennis, and Kathleen Robinette Dimension Reduction of Anthropometric Measurements with Support Vector Machine for Regression: Application to a French Military Personnel Database ...... 301 Pierre Puchaud, Simon Kirchhofer, Georges Dumont, Nicolas Bideau, and Charles Pontonnier A Methodology to Create 3D Body Models in Motion ...... 309 Eduardo Parrilla, Ana-Virginia Ruescas, Juan-Antonio Solves, Alfredo Ballester, Beatriz Nacher, Sandra Alemany, and David Garrido How the Artificial Neural Network Solves the Muscle Redundancy Problem During Pedaling Motion? ...... 315 Michihiko Fukunaga

Comfort, Perception and Cognitive Modeling Extraordinary Automated Driving Situations: Probabilistic Analytical Modeling of Human-Systems-Integration (HSI) and the Role of Trust ...... 323 Ephraim Suhir, Sofia Scataglini, and Gunther Paul An Experimental Investigation of Preferred Seat Pressure Distribution ...... 330 Xuguang Wang, Léo Savonnet, Georges Beurier, and Jean Marc Obadia Robust Markerless 3D Head Tracking of a Vehicle Occupant Using OpenPose ...... 336 Byoung-Keon D. Park, Sheila Ebert, Carl Miller, and Matthew P. Reed Cognitive Load and Stress Assessment of Medical High-Fidelity Simulations for Emergency Management ...... 343 Agnese Brunzini, Alessandra Papetti, Luca Formenti, Aurora Luciani, Daniele Messi, Erica Adrario, and Pamela Barbadoro

Author Index...... 351