Ukraine Climate Facts and Policy Policies and Processes

UKRAINE CLIMATE FACTS AND POLICY POLICIES AND PROCESSES

MILLION tCO2e¹ Ukraine – 2020 Sustainable development strategy 353 An energy independence programme and transition to effective use of energy resources with a goal of 7.8 TONNES PER CAPITA reducing GDP energy intensity by 20 per cent by the end of 2020 Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union Assistance in energy efficiency, renewable energy use and climate policy development, including a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading scheme

Energy plans and goals Renewable Energy Action Plan to 2020: Renewables contribute 11 per cent to the energy mix Energy Efficiency Action Plan to 2020: Energy saving of 9 per cent of average final domestic energy consumption

Taxes and tariffs Fees for emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants (including methane and nitrogen oxide) Feed-In Tariff introduced in 2008 to support power generation from solar, wind, small hydro and biomass sources

2020 Climate Policy Goals Reduction of economy-wide greenhouse gas emissions by 20 per cent as compared to the 1990 level 2030 Goals and Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) Mitigation: Emissions not to exceed 60 per cent of 1990 GHG emission levels accounting for production and use of energy, industry, agriculture, land use, forestry and waste Adaptation priorities: Climate adaptation supported in the context of international obligations 45.4 2 115 Adaptation and mitigation of equal importance MILLION US $ POPULATION PER CAPITA 75% GDP GHG emissions inventory and reporting OF TOTAL ENERGY National system for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions of GHGs CONSUMPTION FROM Annual Report on inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of GHGs FOSSIL FUELS prepared by the National Center for GHG inventory and subject to annual review by international experts National electronic register of carbon units in operation Regular preparation of National Communications on climate change and biennial reports on anthropogenic Sources: National GHG inventory data and GHG emissions and removals absorption (1990-2014) and estimates System of GHG emissions monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) in preparation stages based on the country’s INDC (2014-2015), demographic, energy and economic data from the databases World development indicators of the World Bank: CLIMATE ACTIONS http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine: Paris Agreement on Climate Change http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ Ukraine ratified the Paris Agreement on Climate Change in September 2016 Fulfilment of obligations under the Kyoto Protocol 1990 GHG emissions level not exceeded during the first stage of the Protocol (2008-2012) 1 These events resulted in drops in GDP Total emissions in 2012: 43 per cent of 1990 level of 6.8 per cent and industrial output of Ukraine the leader of the joint implementation mechanism based on number of approved projects and 10.7 per cent, as well as the destruction emission reduction units of infrastructure in the territories which Implementation of emission trading mechanism on the basis of green investment scheme are temporarily outside of the government's control, the depletion of ﬁnancial resources and the disruption Energy Efficiency of established industrial relations and Approval of laws on metering and energy efficiency in buildings crucial supplies of raw materials. Establishment of an energy efficiency fund for the residential sector Development of legal and scientific grounds for climate adaptation Preparation of scientific basis for the climate adaptation strategy Implementation of priority adaptation actions, 2012-2013 Draft adaptation strategies for the Dniester and Danube transboundary river basins

Local authority initiatives 98 cities joined Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy on EU climate change mitigation initiative for urban areas CLIMATE FINANCE State budget Public institutions and programmes, international reporting and research

External sources International technical assistance in the framework of bilateral cooperation, in particular with Austria, Germany, Denmark, Norway, the USA, Finland, Switzerland and Sweden

International programmes and organizations that provide climate grants and lending The European Union, the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the World Bank, the Nordic Environment Finance Corporation, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the European Investment Bank, the German state development bank, the International Finance Corporation and the Climate Technology Fund an BELARUS Nem Bryansk an BELARUS Nem Bryansk

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Kyiv Kharkiv P O L A N D Chernihiv Lublin RUSSIARUSSIALviv UKRAINEKharkiv LublinLublin RUSSIA Lublin ChornobylChornobyl Lviv UKRAINED Ternopil o D Chornobyl Sumy D n o Lutsk Sumy Ternopil Do n Lutsk Sumy on Cherkasy Lutsk n S Lutsk Khmelnytskyi iv. Kyiv Ivano-Frankivsk CherkasyVinnytsia Kremenchuk Kremenchuk Done Rivne Kyiv Siv ts Rivne Res.Kyiv Kyiv Ivano-Frankivsk Khmelnytskyi Vinnytsia Kremenchuk Res. . Do Rivne Res. Kyiv Uzhhorod Kremenchuk Dn nets Res. Kyiv Dnies Res. iepe Kharkiv ter r Luhansk Uzhhorod Kharkiv Dnie Dnipro Kharkiv Dniest P pe Lviv UKRAINE Kharkiv er ivd r Dnipro Luhansk Donbas* Lviv UKRAINE P . B Kropyvnytskyi Lviv UKRAINE iv R u Krasnodonska Ternopil Chernivtsi d a h Donbas* Ternopil . B Kropyvnytskyiu Ternopil R P u t Krasnodonska Chernivtsi a r h u u Cherkasy t Rostov- Cherkasy S P t Zaporizhzhia Donetsk i r n Cherkasy vS. u Voznesensk Ivano-Frankivsk Khmelnytskyi Vinnytsia Cherkasy S iDv a Ribnita o Khmelnytskyi Vinnytsia Kremenchuk Kremenchuk Si .o Dn z t Rostov- on-Don Ivano-Frankivsk Kremenchuk v. oets s Balti Donetsk D Ivano-Frankivsk Khmelnytskyi Vinnytsia Kremenchuk iv. D net i Zaporizhzhia n Khmelnytskyi Vinnytsia Kremenchuk Do s T Voznesensk Ivano-Frankivsk KremenchukRes. Kremenchuk a onets Ribnita o Res. Kremenchuk z nets Transnistria* on-Don Uzhhorod D s Balti D Uzhhorod Res. nDien i Mariupol Uzhhorod DnDienst Res. D piee T Transnistria* Kakhovka Uzhhorod Dn ieesrte Dniep rper LuhanskLuhansk MOLDOVA Dnieste r ieper DniproDnipro Luhansk Mariupol Res. Novoazovska ter Pi P r Dnipro Luhansk KakhovkaMykolaiv Berdiansk P vdiv Dnipro DonbasMOLDOVA* Piv . Bd. Kropyvnytskyi Donbas* Tiraspol Res. Novoazovska ivd u B Kropyvnytskyi Donbas* Mykolaiv Ochakivska Berdiansk Chernivtsi R d. h u Kropyvnytskyi DonbasKrasnodonska* Chernivtsi a R . B h Kropyvnytskyi Cluj-NapocaKrasnodonska Chisinau R u a Bu TiraspolS Chernivtsi R uh Krasnodonska Ochakivska P a t u Krasnodonska i Botievska Chernivtsi a t h r r P u e u u Cluj-Napoca Chisinau P r t S t P t u t Rostov- Kherson r Donetsk i Botievska ru t Zaporizhzhia r Rostov- ut Voznesensk Zaporizhzhia Donetsk e Rostov- n a Sea of t Ribnita Voznesensk Zaporizhzhia DonetskROMANIAt Rostov- o n Kherson Odesa z a Ribnita Zaporizhzhia Donetsk on-Don n o Lazurne z Balti Voznesensk on-Don D s a n i s Balti Ribnita Voznesensk o D T za i Ribnita on-Don o Sea of z Balti on-Don D s T Transnistria* ROMANIA Odesa Lazurne Dunaiska Azov is Balti D Ti Transnistria* T Transnistria* Mariupol Transnistria* Kakhovka Mariupol Brasov Dunaiska Azov MOLDOVAMOLDOVA KakhovkaKakhovka Mariupol Donuzlavska MOLDOVA KakhovkaRes. Berdiansk BrasovNovoazovskaNovoazovska Belhrad Myrnovska Okhotnikove Ostaninska K MykolaivMykolaiv Res.Res. Berdiansk Novoazovska Lymanska Pryozerne ub Tiraspol Mykolaiv Res. Berdiansk Novoazovska Belhrad Myrnovska Donuzlavska Okhotnikove Mytiaeve K an Tiraspol OchakivskaOchakivska Mykolaiv Berdiansk Ostaninska u Cluj-Napoca Chisinau Tiraspol Ochakivska Lymanska Pryozerne MytiaeveTarkhankutska Rodnykove ba Cluj-Napoca S Chisinau Ochakivska e n S i Botievska b Cluj-Napoca r Chisinau Krasnodar S i Botievska u Cluj-Napoca e r Chisinau S Rodnykove C r i m e a * i Tarkhankutska e n Yevpatoria Botievska e r t Kherson i Botievska t a re Kherson b Black e Krasnodar t Kherson u D t Kherson C r i m e a * Simferopol ROMANIA Odesa Lazurne SeaSea of of n Yevpatoria 0 100 km ROMANIA Odesa Lazurne Sea of a Bucharest Black Nikolaievka ROMANIA Odesa Lazurne Sea of D SeaSimferopol Perove DunaiskaDunaiska AzovAzov 0 100 km Dunaiska BucharestAzov Nikolaievka Perove Sevastopol Map produced by Zoï Environment Network, August 2016. BrasovBrasov Dunaiska Azov Sea Brasov Belhrad Myrnovska DonuzlavskaDonuzlavskaOkhotnikove K Map produced by Zoï Environment Network, August 2016. Brasov Belhrad Myrnovska Donuzlavska Okhotnikove Ostaninska u K ConstantaSevastopol * Areas outside of the government's control: limited ability to address climate change Lymanska Belhrad Pryozerne Myrnovska Donuzlavska Okhotnikove Ostaninska K b u Lymanska Pryozerne Myrnovska OkhotnikoveMytiaeveMytiaeve Ostaninska Ku abna Lymanska Pryozerne Mytiaeve Energy andub aemissionsn Constanta * Areas outside of the government's control: limited ability to address climate change Tarkhankutska MytiaeveRodnykove an e Tarkhankutska Rodnykove b e Tarkhankutska EnergyRodnykove and emissions Krasnodar u e b Tarkhankutska Rodnykove Krasnodar e u C r i m e a * n b Yevpatoria b C r i m e a * Krasnodar a u n Black Yevpatoria Krasnodar u C r i m e a * D n a Black Yevpatoria n Yevpatoria SimferopolC r i m e a * a D Black BULGARIA a Black Simferopol Fossil fuel energy installations and carbon emissions Renewable energy installations and plans D 0 100 km Bucharest D Simferopol 0 100 km Bucharest Sea NikolaievkaNikolaievka PerovePeroveSimferopol BULGARIA0 100 km Bucharest SeaSea Nikolaievka FossilPerove fuel energy installations and carbon emissions Renewable energy installations and plans Sea Sevastopol MapMap produced produced by Zoïby CO ZoïEnvironment Environment emissions Network, Network, from August August thermal 2016. 2016. power plants, million tonnes per year: Wind park Solar park Hydropower plant SevastopolSevastopol Map produced by Zoï Environment2 Network, August 2016. Constanta Sevastopol CO emissions fromMap thermal produced power by Zoï Environment plants, millionNetwork, Augusttonnes 2016. per year: Wind park Solar park Hydropower plant ConstantaConstanta * Areas*2 Areas outside outside of theof the government's government's control: control: limited limited ability ability to addressto address climate climate change change Energy and emissions Constanta * Areas outside of the government's control: limited abilitymore to address than climate 5 change Thermal power-plant (coal/oil/gas) EnergyEnergy and and emissions emissions Installed capacity: Energy and emissions more than 5 Thermal2 power-plant — 5 (coal/oil/gas) Energy and emissions Nuclear power-plant Installed capacity: 2 — 5 1 — 2 More than 100 MW Fossil fuel energyBULGARIABULGARIA installations and carbon emissions Renewable energy installations and plans Nuclear power-plant FossilFossil fuel fuel energy energyBULGARIA installations installations and and carbon carbon emissions emissions RenewableRenewable energy energy installations installations and1 and— plans2 plans 0.5 — 1 More than 100 MW Fossil fuel energy installations and carbon emissions Renewable energy installations and plans 50 MW — 100 MW CO emissions from thermal power plants, million tonnes per year: Wind park 0.5Solar — 1 park Hydropowerless than plant 0.5 COCO2 emissions2 emissions from from thermal thermal power power plants, plants, million million tonnes tonnes per per year: year: WindWind park park lessSolar Solarthan park 0.5park HydropowerHydropower plant plant 50 MW — 100 MW CO2 emissions from thermal power plants, million tonnes per year: Wind park Solar park Hydropower plant Less than 50 MW moremore than than 5 5 ThermalThermal power-plant power-plant (coal/oil/gas) (coal/oil/gas) Less than 50 MW more than 5 Thermal power-plant (coal/oil/gas) InstalledInstalled capacity: capacity: 2 —2 —5 5 Installed capacity: 2 — 5 NuclearNuclear power-plant power-plant Pipelines 21 —1 —52 2 Nuclear power-plant MoreMore than than 100 100 MW MW 1 — 2 Nuclear power-plant MorePipelines than 100 MW 10.5 —0.5 —2 —1 1 Oil / gas / gas, planned 0.5 — 1 50 MW — 100 MW lessless than than 0.5 0.5 50 MW — 100 MW Oil / gas / gas, planned less than 0.5 50 MW — 100 MW LessLess than than 50 50 MW MW Less than 50 MW

PipelinesPipelines Pipelines Policies and OilinstitutionsOil / gas/ gas / gas,/ gas, planned planned Oil / gas / gas, planned The main authority responsible for the formation and implemen- The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is active in the tation of policy on climate change is the Ministry of Ecology and development of a low-carbon development strategy, and in the Natural Resources. The ministry develops legislation and regula- implementation of the EU Association Agreement, in particular, tions; prepares reports to international bodies; conducts negoti- concerning the introduction of an emissions trading scheme. Oth- ations; and presides over the Interdepartmental Commission for er activities include upgrading the carbon tax; development of compliance with the United Nations Framework Convention on adaptation strategies to 2030; adoption of a new law on waste Climate Change (UNFCCC). The commission includes represen- treatment; and initiation of new climate research. tatives of key ministries, government agencies, MPs, the Presi- dential Secretariat, the National Security and Defense Council, In response to the fact that energy production and use exceeds the Secretariat of the Parliament, the National Academy of Sci- 65 per cent of total greenhouse gas emissions, Ukraine has ad- ences and NGOs A number of interdepartmental working groups opted a law on the natural gas market, and has developed draft provide expert support and assistance. laws on coal and electricity markets and on energy-efficient light- ing. The country is also implementing action plans on renewables Other governmental institutions with responsibilities for mitigation and energy efficiency for the period until 2020. In addition, a new and adaptation include the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry; energy security policy provides for the modernization of infra- the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade; the Ministry of structure and for construction in the housing sector to adopt new Regional Development, Construction and Housing and Commu- energy efficiency standards. nal Services; the Ministry of Agriculture and Food; and the State Agency for Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving. The Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry revised its energy strategy in response to challenges related to modernization, market Since 2011, the National Center for GHG inventory has been pre- deregulation and investment, and aims to improve the efficiency paring an annual report on inventory of anthropogenic emissions of the industry through the use of state-of-the-art methods and by sources and removals by sinks of GHG and improving the technologies. In the long term, the strategy provides for drafting GHG Inventory System. energy development plans on the basis of renewables and the creation of an energy labelling system. In 2016 the National Academy of Sciences established the Co- ordination Council for UNFCCC issues. The Council prepares scientifically based recommendations. n BELARUS Nema an BELARUS Bryansk Neman BELARUS Nem Bryansk Warsaw Soligorsk Zhlobin Warsaw Soligorsk Zhlobin V Brest Soligorsk is P t ripyat Mozyr Gomel a V u Brest n i la Brest s V s Pri Gomel e i t pyat Mozyr a Voronezh s u P D n Kursk ripyat Mozyr Gomel a tula s e n la s Kursk Voronezh P O L A N D De Kursk Voronezh Chernihiv D P O L A N D Chernihiv P O L ALublin N D Chernihiv RUSSIA Chornobyl RUSSIA Lublin RUSSIAD Lublin Chornobyl Sumy on Lutsk Chornobyl D Sumy Don Lutsk Sumy on Lutsk Kyiv Rivne Res.Kyiv Kyiv Rivne Res.Kyiv Kyiv Rivne Res. Kyiv Kharkiv Kharkiv Lviv UKRAINE Kharkiv Lviv UKRAINE Lviv Ternopil UKRAINE Ternopil Cherkasy Ca Ivano-FrankivskTernopil Khmelnytskyi Vinnytsia Cherkasy rpa CherkasyKremenchuk Kremenchuk Siv. D C th Khmelnytskyi Vinnytsia one Carp iaIvano-Frankivsk KremenchukRes. Kremenchuk Siv. ts Uzhhorod ar at Ivano-Frankivskn Khmelnytskyi Vinnytsia Kremenchuk KremenchukDni Siv Don pa hi M P Res. epe . Do ets th an o Dnieste iv Res. D r Dnipro net Luhansk Uzhhorod ia un r d. nie s Uzhhorod n M t P B Dn pe Mo a Dnieste Piv u iep r Dnipro Luhansk oun in Chernivtsi Dnies r i d. h Kropyvnytskyi er Dnipro Donbas* u t s ter vd B Luhansk n a R . u tain Chernivtsi a B h Kropyvnytskyi Donbas* i s Chernivtsi u uh Donetsk n P R t Kropyvnytskyi Donbas* s r a u R u Donetsk t a Kakhovka Rostov- P ut Zaporizhzhia Donetsk Pr t n a u Balti r Ribnita KakhovkaRes. o z ut Rostov-on-Don s Zaporizhzhia D i t Kakhovka Rostov- n T a Balti Ribnita Res. Zaporizhzhia o z Transnistria* on-Don n s a Balti Ribnita Res. Mariupol Do i z on-Don T D is Transnistria* T MOLDOVA Mariupol MOLDOVA Transnistria* Mariupol MOLDOVA Tiraspol Mykolaiv Berdiansk Cluj-Napoca Tiraspol Mykolaiv Berdiansk S Chisinau Mykolaiv Berdiansk i Tiraspol r Cluj-Napoca e S Chisinau t Cluj-Napoca i S r Chisinau Kherson e i r t Sea of ROMANIA e t Kherson Odesa Kherson Sea of ROMANIA Odesa SeaAzov of ROMANIA Odesa Brasov Azov Brasov K Brasov ub C r i m e a * K an Ku Black C r i m e a * uba e C r i m e a * ins ban b ta Krasnodarn u Black Yevpatoria un n e o ns a b Black i e Sea M ta s Krasnodar D u Yevpatoria n in b n Simferopol n u ta Krasnodar u Yevpatoria a o n a e u 0 100 km Bucharest n Sea Mo Da Sea Simferopol im n M D r a Bucharest SimferopolC ean 0 100 km Bucharest Sevastopol ime Map produced by Zoï Environment0 Network, August100 2016. km Crim Sevastopol Cr Map produced by Zoï Environment Network, August 2016. Constanta Sevastopol * Areas outside of the government'sMap produced control: by Zoïlimited Environment ability to Network,address climateAugust 2016.change Impacts of climate change Constanta Constanta * Areas outside of the government's control: limited ability to address climate change Impacts of climate change * Areas outside of the government's control: limited ability to address climate change ImpactsForestBULGARIA firesof climate change Sea and coastal areas: increase of sea level, salinization of coastal areas, deficit of safe drinking water, reduction of quality and diversity of fisheries ForestBULGARIA fires Sea and coastal areas: increase of sea level, salinization of coastal areas, Risk ofBULGARIA floods deficit of safe drinking water, reduction of quality and diversity of fisheries Risk of floods deficitUrban areasof safe and drinking cities water,facing reductionheatwaves, of infectionquality and outbreaks, diversity air of fisheries RiskLosses of floodsof biodiversity and water pollution, fresh water scarcity Urban areas and cities facing heatwaves, infection outbreaks, air Losses of biodiversity and water pollution, fresh water scarcity LossesShorter of winters biodiversity with less snow cover and higher temperatures andDesertification, water pollution, soil erosionfresh water and scarcitydegradation, water deficit Shorter winters with less snow cover and higher temperatures Desertification, soil erosion and degradation, water deficit ShorterInvasion winters of Asian with tiger less mosquito snow cover and higher temperatures Desertification,Favoured conditions soil erosion for cultivation and degradation, crops, though water losses deficit due to intensive Invasion of Asian tiger mosquito droughts and extreme events could reach 40-60% Invasion of Asian tiger mosquito Favoured conditions for cultivation crops, though losses due to intensive droughts and extreme events could reach 40-60% Predicted change in annual river flow Predicted change in annual river flow Predicted change inIncreasing annual /river no change flow / decreasing Increasing / no change / decreasing Ukraine scorecard

Country’s share of global emissions National climate policy actors Country’s emissions per capita Policy leadership – Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources General climate action ambition Coordinating advisory body – Interdepartmental Commission for compliance with the UNFCCC Mitigation commitment: Emissions reductions Key authorities – Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry; Ministry of Economic Development and Trade; Ministry of Regional Development, Decoupling from population growth Construction and Housing and Communal Services; State Agency for Decoupling from economic growth Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving Renewable energy prospects GHG Inventory – State-owned National Center for GHG inventory Adaptation action Scientific coordination – National Academy of Sciences Coordination Council for UNFCCC issues Greenhouse gas emissions and projections for Ukraine Million tonnes 1000

900

800

700 ≤ 60% as compared to the 600 1990 level

500

400

300

200

100

0 Projections -100 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2020 2030

Energy Industrial processes Agriculture Waste Land use change and forestry Projections

Climate actions Sponsored projects include: • Establishment of institutional and technical capacities for an As an Annex 1 party to the UNFCCC and a party to the Kyoto Pro- emissions trading scheme tocol, Ukraine meets its obligations on curbing GHG emissions, • Support for MRV and submits reports on emissions, GHG absorption and regular • Development and implementation of climate change mitiga- National Communications. It maintains a system for evaluating an- tion and adaptation policies and strategies thropogenic emissions and absorption of greenhouse gases and • Assessment of climate change and security in Eastern Eu- an electronic register of carbon units. rope, Central Asia and the South Caucasus • Municipal energy reform (assistance in elaborating and imple- Ukraine fulfilled its commitments for the first period of the Kyoto menting low-carbon development strategies) Protocol (2008-2012) by holding emissions to 43 per cent of the 1990 level. Furthermore, mainly due to the political crises and eco- Estimates suggest that Ukraine needs €75-100 billion to transition nomic recession, the country has recently seen drastic reduction in to low-carbon development and to meet its 2030 obligations under gas consumption from 50 bcm in 2013 to 34 bcm in 2015. the Paris Agreement, much of which must be directed to the modernization of the housing sector. The country foresees the creation Adaptation activities in the 2012-2013 period included the imple- of an energy efficiency fund partially financed by savings on utility mentation of priority adaptation measures, a series of regional work- subsidies after the introduction of market prices for energy. shops and the drafting of strategic policies for adaptation to climate change in the Dniester River Basin. Local authorities played an active role in the preparation of a transboundary strategy of adaptation Sources of information for the scorecard to climate change in the Danube Delta. NGOs are managing small, Laws and bills of Ukraine, draft regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers, ministries local adaptation projects that raise awareness and engage the pub- and institutions, drafts of sectoral strategies, plans and programmes lic in decision-making on climate change solutions. Electronic resources of ministries and institutions of Ukraine, the UNFCCC, the In September 2016 Ukraine ratified the Paris Agreement on Cli- World Bank, UNDP, EBRD, GEF, USAID, analytical organizations and centres, mate Change. Ukraine’s INDCs establish a 2030 target of 60 per international projects and programmes, NGOs and world development indicators cent of the country’s 1990 GHG emissions. By 2020, this target will The National Cadastre of anthropogenic emissions and GHG absorption in have been revised with the view of strengthening the obligations, Ukraine, the 6th National Communication of Ukraine on Climate Change, the 1st depending on national circumstances. biennial report on anthropogenic emissions and GHG absorption, and INDC

Cartographic materials from international sources, the State Service for Ge- odesy and Cartography of Ukraine, the Ukraine Hydrometeorological Center, Climate finance Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry

Public funding covers the preparation of international climate re- Analytical materials and expertise of Zoï Environment Network, as well as ports; the development of related legislation; draft regulations of the Ukrainian organizations and experts Cabinet of Ministers, ministries and institutions; and coordination of This publication has been pro- the development and implementation of sectoral policies, plans and duced with the assistance of the programmes. The budget also funds the National Center for GHG European Union. The contents inventory and the national electronic registry of carbon units. of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and Limited public funds, together with bilateral and multilateral tech- can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. nical assistance programmes and lending from international fi- nancial institutions are supporting the development of an emis- The designations employed and the presentation do not imply the expression sions trading system, climate change adaptation strategies and of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory, related plans and programmes. city or region or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.