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Print 09/03 September 2003 Notes Feather lice from Ascension and Magnificent Frigatebirds In the recent paper on the identification of the Pectinopygus crenatus (Giebel 1874). 1953 Tiree frigatebird (Walbridge et al.; Brit. Magnificent Frigatebird is host to the louse C. Birds 96: 58-73), the authors drew attention to spineum, and is to date the only known host of the identification evidence provided by chewing this louse species. Our data establish that C. lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). A number of lice angulaticeps is indeed the species of this genus representing three genera were obtained from which occurs on F. aquila and confirms the evi- the Tiree corpse and the identification of these dence from the Tiree specimen’s ectoparasites, specimens, held in the National Museums of conclusively ruling out Magnificent Frigatebird. Scotland, Edinburgh, had been rechecked and As yet, no Colpocephalum louse has been compared with current listings of frigatebird recorded from Christmas Island Frigatebird F. lice. andrewsi and thus we hesitate to say that C. One louse species recorded from the Tiree spineum is host-specific to F. magnificens only. bird was Colpocephalum angulaticeps (Piaget This host specificity would be easy to clarify 1880), a species which can be found on both should anyone provide lice from F. andrewsi on Lesser Fregata ariel and Great Frigatebirds F. Christmas Island (please contact any of the minor, but not on Magnificent Frigatebird F. authors: see details below). magnificens, where it is replaced by the closely Pectinopygus crenatus (with type-host F. related C. spineum (Kellogg 1899). Walbridge et aquila) was the first species of Pectinopygus al. used this as supporting evidence to rule out described from any frigatebird species. Two the possibility that the Tiree bird was a Magnifi- other species were described later: P. gracil- cent Frigatebird. When the paper went to press, icornis (Piaget 1880) from F. minor, and P. fre- there were no fully authenticated records of gatiphagus (Eichler 1943) from F. magnificens. Colpocephalum spp. from Ascension Frigate- On morphological grounds it is, however, birds F. aquila. extremely difficult to separate these three We have now been able to examine lice col- nominal species of Pectinopygus and, conse- lected from Ascension Frigatebirds on quently, they have little value as aids for the Boatswainbird Islet, off Ascension Island, the identification of frigatebirds at the species level. only breeding place of this species. Following a Many other species of Pectinopygus lice occur request from BZ, Richard White, Ascension on almost all other species of Pelecaniformes. In Island Conservation Officer, kindly collected the UK, for example, the Pectinopygus lice para- four lice from Ascension Frigatebird fledglings sitising Northern Gannet Morus bassanus, Great in December 2002. These lice were slide- Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, and Shag P. mounted and identified by RLP, and deposited aristotelis belong to three different species, one in the entomological collection of the Museum per host species. of New Zealand, Wellington. The four lice examined were identified as two female C. We are indebted to Richard White for his efforts in collecting lice. angulaticeps (Piaget 1880) and two female Bernard Zonfrillo Ornithology Unit, Division of Environmental & Evolutionary Biology, Graham Kerr (Zoology) Building, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ; [email protected] Robert Y. McGowan Bird Section, National Museums of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF; [email protected] Ricardo L. Palma Curator (Entomology), National Museum of New Zealand, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand; [email protected] 454 © British Birds 96 • September 2003 • 454-459 Notes Presumed hybrid between Red-backed Shrike and Lesser Grey Shrike in Bulgaria On 9th May 1998, R. Tsonev observed an mask, giving it an almost black-headed appear- unusual shrike Lanius in the Pleven region of ance when viewed from a distance. Narrow, northern Bulgaria (43°31’N 24°41’E). Further somewhat pale, grey or greyish-white patch on detailed observations of this bird were made on the scapulars, resembling to some extent that of 14th May, over a period of about 20 minutes, Great Grey Shrike L. excubitor. Closed wing dark during which I was able to obtain four pho- brown, with very small white patch at base of tographs, two of which are reproduced here primaries. Cheek, chin and throat white. Breast (plates 303 & 304). It was immediately apparent and belly bright orange-buff (not pinkish as on that this individual did not closely resemble any collurio and minor). Undertail-coverts white. Tail of the European shrikes. It did, however, exhibit shape, coloration and length as in collurio.The a number of features in common with Red- size was the same as collurio, or slightly larger. backed Shrike L. collurio and Lesser Grey Shrike This putative hybrid closely resembled the L. minor, both of which occur in large numbers, description of a known hybrid between Red- and in all suitable habitats, throughout the backed Shrike and Lesser Grey Shrike described region. Unfortunately, the bird was not trapped by Eck (1971). Yet, although this individual and, therefore, a more detailed examination was shared many of the characters that Eck not possible; consequently, its true identity described, it also differed in a number of could not be established with certainty. Based aspects. These included: upon the available evidence, however, it is con- sidered that the combination of plumage char- Scapulars acters and structural features point to this This bird showed a paler area on the scapulars, unusual shrike being a hybrid between Red- which was absent on Eck’s bird. backed Shrike and Lesser Grey Shrike. Underparts Description The sharp contrast between the white throat Comparatively broad black eye-stripe, broader and orange-buff breast was absent from Eck’s than that of collurio but narrower than on bird. The underpart colour could, however, minor. Upperparts dark grey, more saturated on have faded from the specimen after preparation crown and, together with the broad black facial and storage, although this seems unlikely. Boris Nikolov Boris Nikolov 303-304. Presumed hybrid Red-backed Lanius collurio and Lesser Grey Shrike L. minor, northern Bulgaria, May 1998. British Birds 96 • September 2003 • 454-459 455 Notes Crown in Europe. Red-backed Shrike is known to have The crown appeared darker than the mantle, hybridised with several species of shrikes, while the upperparts of Eck’s bird seemed to be including Brown Shrike L. cristatus, Isabelline uniform grey above, with no contrast between Shrike L. isabellinus and Woodchat Shrike L. the crown and mantle. senator, as well as Lesser Grey Shrike (Lefranc & The bird was already paired, or in the process Worfolk 1997). There are, however, only three of pairing, with a female Red-backed Shrike. known hybrids resulting from matings between Almost all the Red-backed Shrikes in the area Red-backed and Lesser Grey Shrikes. These were already paired and the population density species are semi-sympatric and the hybrids was high. The suspected hybrid gave advertising between them are presumably the result of acci- calls, and was observed wing-shivering. dental hybridisation (Panov 1989). Begging-calls resembling the fledgling food calls Acknowledgments were heard from the female Red-backed Shrike, I am grateful to anonymous referees for helpful and were followed by courtship feeding, during comments, and thank Rosen Tsonev for sharing his which the suspected hybrid presented the Red- observation. My thanks also go to Iva Hristova for backed Shrike with an insect. All vocalisations technical help in preparing photographs, and to Nayden of the presumed hybrid shrike were very similar Chakarov for preparing a translation of Eck’s paper from German. to those of Red-backed Shrike, but more rasping. References Hybridisation in birds is widespread but Eck, S. 1971. Ein Würger-Bastard im Elbtal bei Pirna. Zool. comparatively rare, with interspecific hybrids Abh. Staatl. Mus.Tierk. Dresden 32 (1): 1-4. Grant, P.R., & Grant B. R. 1992. Hybridization of Bird occurring at a frequency of approximately one Species. Science 256: 193-197. in 50,000 birds (Mayr 1970). Grant & Grant Lefranc, N., Boët M., & Boët M. 1989. Observations de (1992) stated that 9.2 % of all avian species are couples mixtes Lanius senator/Lanius collurio en France. known to have bred with another species under Brève synthèse des cas d’hybridation connus chez les Laniidés d’Europe. Alauda 57 (2): 109-118. natural circumstances and produced hybrid off- — & Worfolk,T. 1997. Shrikes: A Guide to the Shrikes of the spring. Interspecific hybrids are known among World. Pica Press, London. several Lanius species (Panov 1989), and Mayr, E. 1970. Populations, Species, and Evolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Lefranc et al. (1989) summarised all records of Panov, E. 1989. Natural Hybridisation and Ethological mixed Laniidae pairings and hybrids observed Isolation in Birds. Nauka, Moscow. [in Russian] Boris Nikolov Bulgarian Ornithological Centre, Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 “Tsar Osvoboditel” Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria Great Ringed Plover smothered by sand As part of my work as Shorebird Warden at installed, along with a ‘flexinet’ fence. Gibraltar Point National Nature Reserve, Lin- During a spell of strong winds on 24th May, colnshire in 2002, I was involved in monitoring it was noted that the cage was encouraging a the breeding success of Great Ringed Plovers build-up of wind-blown sand. Although the Charadrius hiaticula. The trials and tribulations parent birds were still in attendance, I removed of one pair were of particular interest. On 4th much of the sand that evening. The following May, four eggs were being incubated at a site at morning, it was apparent that sand had con- the north end of the shorebird sanctuary, at the tinued to drift through the night, and also that point where the beach meets embryonic dunes.
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