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Ochanda D., Pomeroy D., Hole D. and Willis S.G FUNDED Ochanda D., Pomeroy D., Hole D. and Willis S.G FUNDED BY: Authors David Ochanda (Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda) Prof. Derek Pomeroy (Makerere University Kampala, Uganda) Dr. Steve G Willis (Durham University, UK) Dr. Dave G Hole (Conservation International, USA) Reviews and comments by: Dr. Julius Arinaitwe (BirdLife Africa Partnership Secretariat) Ken Mwathe (BirdLife Africa Partnership Secretariat) Paul Mugo (BirdLife Africa Partnership Secretariat) This Publication is funded by The MacArthur Foundation Preferred citation BirdLife International, 2012. A Guide for Monitoring Climate Change Impacts on Forest Birds in the Albertine Rift Region. BirdLife International, Africa Partnership Secretariat. Nairobi, Kenya. Front cover photo: Echuya forest reserve in the Albertine Rift indicating the Muchuya swamp in the middle and distinctive forest edge boundary demarcated with pine trees. Back cover photo: An Albertine Rift endemic - the Red throated alethe in Nyungwe National Park: cover photos by David Ochanda, Makerere University. Copies available from: BirdLife Africa Partnership Secretariat, BirdLife International Cambridge UK, Makerere University National Biodiversity Data Bank, Uganda and NatureUganda. Nairobi, July 2012 A GUIDE FOR MONITORING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON FOREST BIRDS IN THE ALBERTINE RIFT REGION Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................iv Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................v Executive summary ................................................................................................................................vi SECTION ONE: Introduction 1.0 Preamble ...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 The Guide .........................................................................................................................1 1.2 The Albertine Rift ..............................................................................................................2 1.3 Overview of Climate Change and Birds .............................................................................3 SECTION TWO: Methods for Monitoring Cimate Change Impacts on Birds 2.0 Preamble ...........................................................................................................................4 2.1 Ethical Considerations .......................................................................................................4 2.2 Data Collection .................................................................................................................4 2.2.1 Preparations .........................................................................................................................4 2.2.2 Field Requirements ...............................................................................................................5 2.2.3 Rounds of Data Collection ....................................................................................................6 2.2.4 Selection of Points, Transects and Habitat Variables ..............................................................6 2.2.5 Bird Cencus Data .................................................................................................................7 2.2.6 Habitat Data .........................................................................................................................8 2.2.7 Climate Data ........................................................................................................................9 2.3 Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................10 2.3.1 Species Distribution Modelling Techniques .........................................................................10 2.4 Sources of Possible Errors in Methods ..............................................................................12 2.5 Challenges During Data Collection .................................................................................13 2.6 Need for Follow-Up Surveys ...........................................................................................14 2.7 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................14 2.8 References ......................................................................................................................14 SECTION THREE: Appendices 3.1 APPENDIx I: Data collection sheets .............................................................................................16 3.2 APPENDIx II: List of Albertine Rift Endemic species ........................................................19 3.3 APPENDIx III: Transect Information .................................................................................20 3.4 APPENDIx IV: Site maps and Transects ............................................................................21 3.5 APPENDIx V: GPS coordinates for survey points .............................................................25 3.6 APPENDIx VI: Site Information ........................................................................................36 Glossary ...........................................................................................................................................37 iii A GUIDE FOR MONITORING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON FOREST BIRDS IN THE ALBERTINE RIFT REGION Foreword The Albertine region is part of the Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot, and is renowned for very high rates of endemism across different taxa of animals and plants. Well known examples of these include the Mountain Gorilla, the African Green Broadbill and the pretty Balsams. It has a rich network of mountainous protected areas of diverse habitat types. This rich biodiversity is matched by high human population, who are mainly dependent on subsistence agriculture and direct exploitation of timber and non-timber forest products. Not surprisingly, encroachment and drainage are leading to loss and degradation of key forest, wetland and grassland habitats, while mining is an appealing alternative livelihood option. These threats are having negative impacts on biodiversity and other ecosystem services. Climate change and its impacts is a recently recognized additional threat, which also exacerbates these existing challenges. Given that there is growing evidence that climate change could become one of the major drivers of species extinctions in the 21st Century, building the resilience of key sites to facilitate the adaptation of species to climate change is increasingly a high priority for conservation managers. BirdLife International, in collaboration with national and regional institutions and experts in Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda and abroad undertook a baseline study on the projected impacts of climate change on birds in the Albertine Rift. This study led to the development of a framework for adaptive management planning to enhance the resilience of Important Bird Areas. One of the key components of this framework is a monitoring procedure to assess changes in species distribution and abundance in response to climate change and facilitate planning of appropriate conservation and adaptation measures. This guide is intended to offer researchers, conservation managers and other practitioners, in particular those concerned with the Albertine Rift, practical guidance on how to respond to the challenges of monitoring for addressing climate change impacts on biodiversity. The guide focuses on birds, but could also be useful for other biodiversity. It builds upon BirdLife International and its partners’ research and experiences in dealing with birds and climate change in the Albertine Rift. Dr. Julius Arinaitwe Regional Director for Africa BirdLife International Nairobi, Kenya iv A GUIDE FOR MONITORING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON FOREST BIRDS IN THE ALBERTINE RIFT REGION Acknowledgements This guide is a product of BirdLife International, and benefited from the support of the MacArthur Foundation Fund. It was developed as part of the project “Implementing and monitoring an Adaptive Management Framework for Climate Change in the Albertine Rift”, implemented by BirdLife International in collaboration with Durham University UK, and the Albertine Rift Conservation Society (ARCOS). Preparation of this guide involved the research team under the project that included David Ochanda (Lead Author), Prof. Derek Pomeroy and Dr. Steve Willis (Supervisors and co-authors) and Dr. Dave G Hole (co-author). Data from Bwindi Impenetrable National Park was kindly provided by Dr. Phil Shaw of St. Andrews University, UK. Substantial valuable comments and inputs were received from Dr. Lincoln Fishpool and Dr. Stuart Butchart (BirdLife International, UK), Mr. Ken Mwathe (BirdLife Africa Secretariat), Dr. Richard Gregory and Dr. Richard Bradbury (Royal Society for Protection of Birds, UK), Dr. Andy Plumptre (Wildlife Conservation Society), Dr. Will Cresswell (University of St. Andrews, UK), Dr. Dave G Hole (Conservation International), Prof. Derek Pomeroy (Makerere University) and Prof. William F Laurance (James Cook University, Australia). We are greatly indebted to all the project partners: Durham University UK, BirdLife Africa Secretariat and partners; NatureUganda,
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