DOCSLIB.ORG

Sakhalin's Governors and the South Kuril Islands : Motivating Factors Behind Involvement in the Russo-Japanese Title Territorial Dispute

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sakhalin's Governors and the South Kuril Islands : Motivating Factors Behind Involvement in the Russo-Japanese Title Territorial Dispute Sakhalin's Governors and the South Kuril Islands : Motivating Factors Behind Involvement in the Russo-Japanese Title Territorial Dispute Author(s) Williams, Brad Citation Acta Slavica Iaponica, 22, 299-310 Issue Date 2005 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/39451 Type bulletin (article) Note Research Notes File Information ASI22_013.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP ACTA SLAVICA IAPONICA, TOMUS 22, PP. 299-310 Research Notes SAKHALIN’S GOVERNORS AND THE SOUTH KURIL ISLANDS: MOTIVATING FACTORS BEHIND INVOLVEMENT IN THE RUSSO- JAPANESE TERRITORIAL DISPUTE BRAD WILLIAMS In the former Soviet Union, foreign poli- the South Kuril Islands and, in the process, cy decisions were largely made at the dis- remove a perceived key obstacle to Russian cretion of the General Secretary of the Com- territorial concessions. munist Party, with some input from other Politburo members. Generally speaking, THE FIRST GOVERNOR: VALENTIN public opinion and pressure were not im- FEDOROV portant factors in the policy making pro- cess.1 However, with the introduction and The emerging salience of the “Sakhalin advancement of political liberalization in syndrome” became synonymous with the Russia, the leadership increasingly began thoughts and actions of one individual – to depend on public support in both the Valentin Petrovich Fedorov – the first Gov- domestic and foreign policy spheres. This ernor of Sakhalin. Fedorov came to Sakha- introduced a limiting effect on the govern- lin with the aim of turning the island into ment’s ability to set foreign policy goals and “an experiment for market reforms.” He implement these decisions. Pressure from was elected as a member of the Russian domestic forces, in particular, has prevent- Congress of People’s Deputies on 18 March ed the leadership from making concessions 1990.3 The following month he was elected to Japan over the disputed South Kuril Is- chair of the oblast Soviet Executive Commit- lands/Northern Territories. Prominent tee (Ispolkom). He was initially seen as a amongst these domestic forces is the posi- radical reformer in the economic field with tion of the Sakhalin leadership and local a particularly keen eye on developing rela- public opinion regarding the territorial dis- tions with the neighboring Japanese island pute: the “Sakhalin factor.”2 of Hokkaido. The local Hokkaidô Shimbun This article examines the first element even called Fedorov “Sakhalin’s Yeltsin.”4 of the “Sakhalin factor”: Sakhalin’s gover- The important question for those involved nors, and elucidates their relationship with in the Japanese movement for the return of the aforementioned territorial dispute. The the Northern Territories was whether Fe- article explores the underlying motives be- dorov’s “radical” views would be limited hind their attempts to intervene in bilateral to economics or if they would apply to the territorial negotiations. It argues that, a political sphere as well.5 genuine desire to maintain Russia’s terri- This question was soon answered in Fe- torial integrity notwithstanding, a signifi- dorov’s controversial proposal of a “Fourth cant reason behind this involvement lies in Way” (chetvertyi put’) to resolve the territo- the Sakhalin governors’ perception of the rial dispute with Japan. The plan, an- territorial dispute as an important weapon nounced whilst he was on a visit to Hok- to be exploited for political and economic kaido in August 1990 at the invitation of gain. municipal authorities in Wakkanai, called The disputed islands’ value for Sakha- for turning the four disputed islands, along lin’s governors escalated as a result of Rus- with Sakhalin and the northern part of Hok- sia’s troubled attempts at state-building, kaido, into a free economic zone and de- which facilitated center-periphery bargain- veloping them jointly with Japan.6 It was ing and the struggle for power between the initially hoped that the establishment of a executive and legislative branches of gov- free trade zone would lead to an influx of ernment throughout the country. The per- foreign, mainly Japanese, capital, which ceived gains derived from exploiting the would improve the regional economy and, territorial dispute have reduced the effica- as a result, strengthen Russia’s control over cy of Japanese policies designed to allevi- the islands.7 The proposal was unaccept- ate Sakhalin governors’ hardline stance on able to the Japanese as it called for the is- 299 ACTA SLAVICA IAPONICA lands to remain under Soviet sovereignty. be cognizant of and responsive to any pro- Fedorov was critical of the “Third Way” of posals put forward by his political rivals resolving the territorial dispute, put for- regarding the South Kuril Islands. As will ward by Aleksandr Iakovlev, a Central be discussed shortly, Fedorov’s less than Committee secretary and one of the archi- comprehensive victory in the March 1990 tects of perestroika, during a visit to Japan in elections to the Russian Congress of Peo- November 1989. The “Third Way” was not ple’s Deputies heightened his awareness of a choice between returning the four islands the territorial dispute’s political value. (“Second Way”) or a continuation of the Having had his “Fourth Way” proposal status quo (no islands or “First Way”), but rejected by Moscow and Tokyo, Fedorov called for both sides to reach a compromise launched a vocal campaign aimed at main- – either selling the islands to Japan or joint taining Russian sovereignty over the South administration. Fedorov, on the other hand, Kuril Islands. Some of his more notable acts stressed that a lesson must be learnt from included cutting short a visit to Japan in Tsarist Russia’s sale of Alaska (to the Unit- April 1991 in protest at what he believed ed States in 1867 for $7.2 million), which was Mikhail Gorbachev’s overly concilia- brought Russia little economically and also tory response to Japanese territorial de- no peace with the United States. Accord- mands; threats to create a Far Eastern Re- ing to Fedorov, if Russia were to receive public should the Soviet Union transfer the billions of dollars from Japan for the islands, disputed islands to Japan; a plan to estab- “that would be a drop of freshwater in the lish Cossack settlements on the islands; the saltwater sea of our problems. Our ineffi- announcement in September 1992 that a cient system will consume the money, and Hong Kong company, Carlson-Kaplan, had in a couple of years Russia will have nei- signed a US$7.8 million contract with the ther money nor islands.”8 regional administration to build a resort Fedorov’s “Fourth Way” proposal was and casino complex on Shikotan Island; unique and certainly contrary to the com- threats that “patriots will overthrow the mon practice of Soviet regional elites toe- government and block the return [of the is- ing the party line and refraining from be- lands]” should Yeltsin accede to Japan’s ter- coming involved in foreign policy matters, ritorial demands; and extensive lobbying of and particularly issues of territorial sover- the Kremlin and other regions in the Rus- eignty. Fedorov’s initial – and as it turned sian Far East. out not the last – foray into a policy-area Fedorov’s opposition to Yeltsin’s pro- commonly perceived as the state’s exclusive posed visit to Japan and other attempts to preserve may well have been a politically complicate Russian policy towards Japan calculated move. Kimura Hiroshi, an ex- regarding the territorial dispute contrast- pert on Japanese-Soviet/Russian relations, ed with the position of the chairman of the suggests that Fedorov made this proposal Sakhalin People’s Deputies Council, Ana- in response to one by his rival Vitalii Gulii, tolii Aksenov. In the early post-Soviet pe- a journalist and member of the USSR Con- riod, many regions had become arenas in gress of People’s Deputies representing the struggle for power between Yeltsin-ap- South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, which pointed executives (Heads of Administra- called for joint management of the islands tion or glava administratsii) and the regional in order to create a favorable environment legislatures. Perceptions of popular legiti- for resolving the territorial dispute.9 Gulii macy were at the root of this conflict. The even went as far to say that both the Soviet regional legislatures believed they had been Union and Japan had a strong legal case to given popular mandates as a result of the the disputed islands.10 Gulii’s political cre- 1990 elections, whereas they viewed the dentials were earlier boosted by winning a glava administratsii less favorably. Their landslide victory over the oblast’s First Sec- power derived from Moscow’s or, more retary V. Bondarchuk11 in local elections in precisely, Yeltsin’s fiat. Whilst Fedorov was 1989, running on a platform of creating a trying to arouse local opposition to any ter- “salmon-trout kingdom,” which opposed ritorial concessions and refused to partici- the unchecked development of Sakhalin. pate in any discussions where Russian ju- Gulii reportedly received 90% of the vote risdiction over the South Kurils was ques- on the disputed islands.12 Yeltsin later ap- tioned, Aksenov, on the other hand, dis- pointed him as presidential representative played a willingness to cooperate with cen- (predstavitel’ prezidenta) for Sakhalin.13 As a tral authorities. After visiting the Tatar politician, it was necessary for Fedorov to Republic in July 1992 for a meeting of re- 300 RESEARCH NOTES gional parliamentary leaders hosted by
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sakhalin Island: Nivkh
    70 Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Sakhalin Island: Nivkh The Nivkh (or Gilyak in older literature) have traditionally inhabited the north- ern half of Sakhalin Island and adjacent regions of the mainland. They are relatively homogeneous in the cultural sense; their differences are mainly based on local adaptations to geographic environments, and the two distinct dialects, Sakhalin and mainland, are mutually intelligible. Their ethnic compo- sition is more homogeneous than that of their Tungusic-speaking Amur neigh- bors as it consists of a large core of kin groups of Nivkh origin and a minority of lineages that trace their descent to non-Nivkh ethnic ancestors, mainly those of Amur groups and Ainu. Nivkh culture, with its emphasis on sedentary fishing, is to a large extent analogous to those of their Amur and Ainu neighbors; however, the specialized maritime hunting of the coastal Nivkh was of a significance equal to fishing, and their sea-mammal hunting technology as well as the belief system empha- sizing marine animal cults connect the Nivkh with North Pacific coastal cul- tures of both sides of the Bering Strait, and archaeologically, with the maritime Okhotsk culture of the southern Sea of Okhotsk and the Old Koryak culture of northern Sea of Okhotsk. Other traits that distinguish the traditional Nivkh culture from their neighbors are aspects of their non-material culture such as corpse disposal by cremation and the alliance of three lineage units based on asymmetric connubium that contrasts with the reciprocal connubium charac- teristic for the mainland Tungus society as well as for the Amur ethnic com- plex.
    [Show full text]
  • Simushir (January 15, 2009) and Samoa (September 30, 2009) Tsunami Recording in the Area of South Kuril Islands
    Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 12, EGU2010-13331-1, 2010 EGU General Assembly 2010 © Author(s) 2010 Simushir (January 15, 2009) and Samoa (September 30, 2009) tsunami recording in the area of South Kuril Islands Georgy Shevchenko (1), Anton Chernov (1), Peter Kovalev (1), Tatyana Ivelskaya (2), Artem Loskutov (1), and Alexander Shishkin (1) (1) Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia, (2) Sakhalin Tsunami Warning Center, Federal Service of Russia for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia Institute of Marine Geology & Geophysics (the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences) carried out long wave measurements in the area of South Kuril Islands with the purpose of tsunami recording closely to the seismic active zone and study long wave spectra variability depending of weather conditions. Bottom pressure gauges were installed in several harbors of Shikotan Island, near Cape Lovtsov (north-eastern end of Kunashir Island), in the Kitoviy Bay (Iturup Island) and near Cape Van-der-Lind (Urup Island). Sakhalin Tsunami Center has a cable telemetry tsunami warning station in the Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island). Two tsunamis - a remote Samoa (September 30) and nearby Simushir tsunami (January 15) were recorded by different gauges in the area of South Kuril Islands and by telemetry station in Severo-Kurilsk. To examine spectral properties of long wave oscillations at each gauge, we calculated power spectral estimation using two different data segments (both 1 day length): the period preceding the tsunami event, we identified as “normal” and selected for analysis of the background signal; the “tsunami period” included tsunami caused oscillations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Region with Special Needs the Russian Far East in Moscow’S Policy
    65 A REGION WITH SPECIAL NEEDS THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN MOSCOW’s pOLICY Szymon Kardaś, additional research by: Ewa Fischer NUMBER 65 WARSAW JUNE 2017 A REGION WITH SPECIAL NEEDS THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN MOSCOW’S POLICY Szymon Kardaś, additional research by: Ewa Fischer © Copyright by Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia / Centre for Eastern Studies CONTENT EDITOR Adam Eberhardt, Marek Menkiszak EDITOR Katarzyna Kazimierska CO-OPERATION Halina Kowalczyk, Anna Łabuszewska TRANSLATION Ilona Duchnowicz CO-OPERATION Timothy Harrell GRAPHIC DESIGN PARA-BUCH PHOTOgrAPH ON COVER Mikhail Varentsov, Shutterstock.com DTP GroupMedia MAPS Wojciech Mańkowski PUBLISHER Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia Centre for Eastern Studies ul. Koszykowa 6a, Warsaw, Poland Phone + 48 /22/ 525 80 00 Fax: + 48 /22/ 525 80 40 osw.waw.pl ISBN 978-83-65827-06-7 Contents THESES /5 INTRODUctiON /7 I. THE SPEciAL CHARActERISticS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST AND THE EVOLUtiON OF THE CONCEPT FOR itS DEVELOPMENT /8 1. General characteristics of the Russian Far East /8 2. The Russian Far East: foreign trade /12 3. The evolution of the Russian Far East development concept /15 3.1. The Soviet period /15 3.2. The 1990s /16 3.3. The rule of Vladimir Putin /16 3.4. The Territories of Advanced Development /20 II. ENERGY AND TRANSPORT: ‘THE FLYWHEELS’ OF THE FAR EAST’S DEVELOPMENT /26 1. The energy sector /26 1.1. The resource potential /26 1.2. The infrastructure /30 2. Transport /33 2.1. Railroad transport /33 2.2. Maritime transport /34 2.3. Road transport /35 2.4.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Chukotka
    ISSN 1883-1656 Центр Российских Исследований RRC Working Paper Series No. 71 Demographic Situation and Its Perspectives in the Russian Far East: A Case of Chukotka Kazuhiro KUMO August 2017 RUSSIAN RESEARCH CENTER INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH HITOTSUBASHI UNIVERSITY Kunitachi, Tokyo, JAPAN DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION AND ITS PERSPECTIVES IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST: A CASE OF CHUKОТКА Kazuhiro KUMO 1. INTRODUCTION The purposes of the present study are, first of all, a general review of the population migration patterns in the Far East region of Russia following the demise of the Soviet Union; and secondly, a study of the situation that emerged in the developing regions as a result of the state policy of the Soviet period, using the example of the demographic trends in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug as one of the most distal Russian territories with respect to the center of Russia. To date, several studies have been conducted on inter-regional migration in Russia; by the the author (Kumo, 1997, 2003) a comparative analysis of migration in the post-Soviet Russia was conducted and major changes taking place in the migration patterns were considered in the specified periods. Yu. Andrienko and S. Guriev (Andrienko and Guriev, 2002) performed a comparative analysis of inter-regional migration based on the gravity model and showed that the adoption of the migration decision by the population depended on the regional-economic variables. The results of the above-mentioned studies demonstrate that traditional means of analyzing migration patterns can be applied to Russia, which went through the change in the state system, and the authors conclude that migration flows are largely dependent on economic reasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Information on Tachinid Fauna (Diptera, Tachinidae) of the Phasiinae Subfamily in the Far East of Russia
    International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-9 Issue-2, December, 2019 Information on Tachinid Fauna (Diptera, Tachinidae) Of the Phasiinae Subfamily in the Far East of Russia Markova T.O., Repsh N.V., Belov A.N., Koltun G.G., Terebova S.V. Abstract: For the first time, a comparative analysis of the For example, for the Hemyda hertingi Ziegler et Shima tachinid fauna of the Phasiinae subfamily of the Russian Far species described in the Primorsky Krai in 1996 for the first East with the fauna of neighboring regions has been presented. time the data on findings in Western, Southern Siberia and The Phasiinae fauna of the Primorsky Krai (Far East of Russia) is characterized as peculiar but closest to the fauna of the Khabarovsk Krai were given. For the first time, southern part of Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast and Eastern Redtenbacheria insignis Egg. for Eastern Siberia and the Siberia. The following groups of regions have been identified: Kuril Islands, Phasia barbifrons (Girschn.) for Western Southern, Western and Eastern Siberia; Amur Oblast and Siberia, and Elomya lateralis (Mg.) and Phasia hemiptera Primorsky Krai, which share many common Holarctic and (F.) were indicated.At the same time, the following species Transpalaearctic species.Special mention should be made of the have been found in the Primorsky Krai, previously known in fauna of the Khabarovsk Krai, Sakhalin Oblast, which are characterized by poor species composition and Japan (having a Russia only in the south of Khabarovsk Krai and in the subtropical appearance). Amur Oblast (Markova, 1999): Phasia aurigera (Egg.), Key words: Diptera, Tachinidae, Phasiinae, tachinid, Phasia zimini (D.-M.), Leucostoma meridianum (Rond.), Russian Far East, fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Government Continues to Support Cattle Sector
    THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 6/17/2013 GAIN Report Number: RS1335 Russian Federation Post: Moscow Russian Government Continues to Support Cattle Sector Report Categories: Livestock and Products Policy and Program Announcements Agricultural Situation Approved By: Holly Higgins Prepared By: FAS/Moscow Staff Report Highlights: Russia’s live animal imports have soared in recent years, as the Federal Government has supported the rebuilding of the beef and cattle sector in Russia. This sector had been in continual decline since the break-up of the Soviet Union, but imports of breeding stock have resulted in a number of modern ranches. The Russian Federal and oblast governments offer a series of support programs meant to stimulate livestock development in the Russian Federation over the next seven years which are funded at hundreds of billions of Russian rubles (almost $10 billion). These programs are expected to lead to a recovery of the cattle industry. Monies have been allocated for both new construction and modernization of old livestock farms, purchase of domestic and imported of high quality breeding dairy and beef cattle, semen and embryos; all of which should have a direct and favorable impact on livestock genetic exports to Russia through 2020. General Information: Trade Russia’s live animal imports have soared in recent years, as the Federal Government has supported the rebuilding of the beef and cattle sector in Russia. This sector has been in decline since the break-up of the Soviet Union, but imports of breeding stock have resulted in a number of modern ranches which are expected to lead to a recovery of the cattle industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Subject of the Russian Federation)
    How to use the Atlas The Atlas has two map sections The Main Section shows the location of Russia’s intact forest landscapes. The Thematic Section shows their tree species composition in two different ways. The legend is placed at the beginning of each set of maps. If you are looking for an area near a town or village Go to the Index on page 153 and find the alphabetical list of settlements by English name. The Cyrillic name is also given along with the map page number and coordinates (latitude and longitude) where it can be found. Capitals of regions and districts (raiony) are listed along with many other settlements, but only in the vicinity of intact forest landscapes. The reader should not expect to see a city like Moscow listed. Villages that are insufficiently known or very small are not listed and appear on the map only as nameless dots. If you are looking for an administrative region Go to the Index on page 185 and find the list of administrative regions. The numbers refer to the map on the inside back cover. Having found the region on this map, the reader will know which index map to use to search further. If you are looking for the big picture Go to the overview map on page 35. This map shows all of Russia’s Intact Forest Landscapes, along with the borders and Roman numerals of the five index maps. If you are looking for a certain part of Russia Find the appropriate index map. These show the borders of the detailed maps for different parts of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Translation Series No. 477 •
    1. 1 ».[1:IFS OF ., ■ .: AilbREWS, N, B. FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA ARCHIVES Translation Series No. 477 • Decapod crustaceans of the Sea of Okhotsk by L. G. Vinogradov Original title: Desyatinogiye Rakoobraznyye Okhotskogo Morya. From: Izvestiya Tikhookenaskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel' skogo Instituta Rybnogo KhozyayStva i Okeanografiyi, 1947, Tom XXV, pp. 67-124, Translated by G. J.Harder, Bureau for Translations Foreign Language Division, Department of the Secretary of State of Canada • • 0 T A CAIVil ■ A Fisheries Research Board of Canada Biological Station Nanaimo, B.C. • 1964 8 23 5 0 30/4/64 .\nV- 5;.!? OF CANADA 4 DEF'AReiMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE 5 uvriorsl SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT Il ?i BUREAU FOR TRANSLATIONS .1 , N L3 BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS c. ,. FOREIGN LANGUAGES DIVISION DES LANGUES DIVISION CANADA ETRANGERES TRANSLATED FRoM - TRADUCTION DE INTO - X Russien English SUBJECT - SUJET • • Decepod crusteceens of the Okhotsk Cea AUTHOR - AUTEUR L.G .VINOCII:t1)07 TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS Decepod crustaceens of th er0!chotnk-7--- fJea 1 -. ! . TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE - TITRE EN LANGUE eTRANGÉRE s• Desyetinogiye Rakoobraznyye Okhotskogo Mbrya 4 • REFERENCE - ReFÉRENCE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION - NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION ) Izvestiya TikhookeïmskoP..o rauchno—Issledovwteltskogo Instituta nytnoo ` Zhozyeystvu 1 (Aekunografiyi. 1947. * Tom XXV PUBLISHER - ÉDITEUR Primizdat CITY - VILLE DATE PAGES Vladivostok 1947 67-1f. 4. ty. ea: 100 REQUEST RECEIVED FROM OUR NUMBER REQUIS PAR ru1 Lurc:a- NOTRE DOSSIER N 0 2122 • DEPARTMENT - TRANSLATOR MINISTRE TRADUCTEUR risfacricz ILf • tj • YOUR NUMBER • tj DATE COMPLETED VOTRE DOSSIER NO e- •-• REMPLIE LE L14.— L.4 4'1 •t..) .--; • DATE RECEIVED REÇU LE 8 2 5 3 OS-200-10-e 3 1,ib ií è' /5'4/.6 .
    [Show full text]
  • Association of Indigenous Minority Peoples of the North of Khabarovsk Krai for the Protection of Indigenous Peoples' Rights
    Russia Country Report 2002/2003 102~108 Association of Indigenous Minority Peoples of the North of Khabarovsk Krai For the Protection of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Galina M. VOLKOVA President, Regional Public Organization, Association of Indigenous Minority Peoples of the North of Khabarovsk Krai, Russian Far East* Contents: Introduction. 1. Challenges Faced by Indigenous Peoples in Utilizing Forest Resources. 2. Activities of the Association Directed Towards Improvement of the Position of Indigenous Peoples With Respect to Traditional Wildlife Management Practices. Conclusion. Introduction rights of indigenous peoples with respect to traditional The regional public organization ‘Association of the wildlife management practices is weak and imperious in Indigenous Peoples of the North of Khabarovsk Krai’ nature. Third, the patriarchal/dominant nature of State (hereafter referred to as the Association) was formed by policy in relation to local people has resulted in local the Constituent Conference convened on 26th March communities adopting a dependent mind-set and the re- 1990 in Khabarovsk1. Since this time, the presidency of pression of indigenous rights. Fourth, the indigenous the Association has been held successively by three dif- peoples do not observe State rights regarding participa- ferent persons. The Association was set up to address the tion of the public in forest management. Fifth, there is a following issues: the preservation and revival of the tra- lack of information on the condition of forest resources ditional mode of life of the indigenous minority peoples and the likelihood of industrial exploitation, which to- who inhabit the primordial territories of the North of gether limit the opportunities for local people to partici- Khabarovsk Krai (hereafter referred to as the indigenous pate in inclusive management processes.
    [Show full text]
  • View Full Article
    SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DOI: 10.15838/esc.2019.1.61.3 UDC 331.101.26 (571.6), LBC 60.7 © Motrich E.L., Molodkovets L.A. Shaping the Population and Labor Resources in the Russian Far East* Ekaterina L. MOTRICH Economic Research Institute of Far Eastern Branch of RAS Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, 153, Tikhookeanskaya Street, 680042 E-mail: [email protected] Lyudmila A. MOLODKOVETS Federal State Statistics Service Office in Khabarovsk Krai, the Magadan Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, 69, Frunze Street, 680000 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The article is devoted to the problems of demographic situation in the Far East of Russia. It considers the formation of the population and labor potential; shows the dynamics of the population in the Far East according to the all-Union (1989) and all-Russian population censuses (2002 and 2010) and the current population accounting for 01.01.2018; reveals the trend of long-term reduction in the number of inhabitants in the macroregion; substantiates the need to implement the objective to secure population. The relevance of the study is due to the need to determine the risks with the emerging parameters of the natural and migration components involved in the demographic indicators of the Far Eastern region, in the implementation of the strategy to achieve the population according to the Concept of demographic policy in the Far East1 adopted in 2017. The factors contributing to the reduction of natural population * In the article, the territory of the Far East is considered within the administrative boundaries at the beginning of 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Federation
    Unofficial translation Role of the State and Private Sector in Implementing the Principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consent In the Russian Federation, the legislation on small-numbered indigenous peoples continuing to lead a traditional lifestyle and preserving a traditional economy was developed in the 1990-s. It contains legal guarantees of the implementation of the right to obtain free, prior and informed consent, including through broad consultations or other forms of taking into account the opinions of small-numbered indigenous peoples and of their participation in decision-making process on matters that affect them. In accordance with Article 8 of the Federal Law 82-FZ of April 30, 1999 "On guarantees of the rights of small-numbered indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation", small-numbered peoples and communities of small-numbered peoples, in order to protect their native habitat, as well as traditional lifestyle, economy and crafts have the right to: - participate in exercising control over the use of different categories of lands necessary for operating the traditional economy and practicing the traditional crafts of small-numbered peoples, as well as over the use of widespread mineral resources in the areas of traditional habitat and traditional economic activity of small-numbered peoples; - participate in exercising control over compliance with federal laws and laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the protection of environment during the industrial use of lands and natural resources, construction
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological Institute of Chiba Prefecture, Chiba, Japan. E-Mail: [email protected]
    A HISTORY OF RUSSIAN ACTIVITIES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST Kazuo Morimoto1 INTRODUCTION How many Japanese have a concrete image if he or she is asked about Siberia? Most Japanese may have vague images of the Trans Siberia Railroad, a vast wilderness with white birch, or the miserable fate of Japanese prisoners of war after the defeat of the Japanese puppet state in Manchuria. As the vast Siberia lies just across the Sea of Japan, the Japanese sometimes consider it as a neighboring country. After the Second World War, this region was in a vulnerable situation because the interests of various big powers such as the United States, Russia and China concentrated attention on Northeast Asia during the Cold War. This geo-political situation led the Japanese people and government to conceive of Siberia as a place very far from Japan. Although they are Japan’s neighbors, most Japanese do not have close feelings toward China and Russia, whereas they do feel close ties to America which is quite far across the Pacific Ocean. Basically, among the Japanese there still remains an attitude of indifference to China and Russia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian economics and politics took steps towards 'perestroika' and their previously closed trade and diplomacy were opened to the Western world. In October 1993, Russian President Yeltsin visited Japan and signed the Tokyo Declaration regarding the Kuril Islands issue and the Economic Declaration for promoting economic investment from Japan. At the meeting of the Keizai Doyukai on 24 July 1997, Japanese Prime Minister, Ryutaro Hashimoto, proposed "Eurasian Diplomacy" which suggested a new Japanese economic strategy towards Russia and the Central Asia with long-term perspective.
    [Show full text]