The Polyphonic Nature Of Grace Poe’s ... 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM

1 College San Beda Carissa C. Cabaysa, M.A. C. Cabaysa, Carissa Presidential Candidacy Candidacy Presidential Grace Grace Poe, Fernando Poe Jr.’s adopted daughter, declared Past Past local and national elections support the strength of the Various Various kinds of appeal characterize political advertisements The Polyphonic Nature of Grace Poe’s Declaration of Declaration Poe’s Grace of Nature Polyphonic The ng Alumni on September 16, 2015. her Right speech, she at states the her beginning desire of that to her father continue began through his the presidential candidacy in undertaking May partisan appeal have wooed political figures like Leonor Robredo Leonor political wooed like Robredo partisan figures appeal have and Grace Poe for bids. electoral The latter echoes a name whose the nation. by him beloved death in 2004 proved her presidential bid at the University of the Philippines Bahay a mayor a who mayor ends his or her term. This spouse is alternated by a hold government gets to family so that the whole son or daughter office, giving rise to the issue of among political loyalty of force dynasty. the The supports well, as it, but Aquinos’ different is case the Filipino electorate. And politicians who capitalize on the appeal is the expression of information, sympathy, and concern for for concern and sympathy, information, of expression the is appeal regional, professional, religious, and other demographic groups. program a proposes and opinions states candidate a Furthermore, a national problem. that could solve succeeds successfully spouse A culture. Filipino in appeal partisan with a political party and states names of its members, he or she uses the partisan appeal which assumes that voters voting base decisions their on loyalty. Through make that another characteristics personal the type of voters informs of candidate appeal, a Another position. political desired her or his of worthy her or him in the Philippines. The partisan appeal, the candidate’s personal specific for concern and sympathy candidate’s the characteristics, demographic groups, and the candidate’s position and action plan on of a national problem (Alvarez-Encabo, 2010) could noted of be television advertisements. When a candidate identifies Introduction Scentia Inside june 2016.indd 1 Scentia Inside june2016.indd 2 Cabaysa... ltom nw a “an mtwd” eoe h peet her presents she Before matuwid.” “daang as known platform anti-corruption Aquino’s President continue to is plans these of One action. of plan 20-point her present to proceeds She 2004. attitude toward the meaning of his utterance, which is referred to speaker’s the is utterance an of aspect an Also meaning. specific context- a carries utterance an words, other In utterance. an Bakhtin of structures. syntactic aspect and an as 84) (p. content” “referentiallysemantic the to refers lexical of a determines choice which speaker’s communication of context meaningful sphere” or semantic referentially “one in view of point individual an of expression an is It 83) everydaylife.”(p. or activity human of sphere particular a in communion speech of chain the in link “real a is utterance an Thus, us. others with communication with in engaged and us with relation a acquires it that thought our expresses it it, utter we When word. a or sentence a Nobodyeither owns purpose. specific our achieve to hearers or hearer a to utterance an address we context, particular a In 83). (p. Bakhtin situation imbue it with meaning or with a” full sense”, as stated by particular a of circumstances The it. use we unless utterance an considered not is sentence or communication.”word Anyspeech The Utterance as a“LinkintheChainofSpeechCommunion” voices oftheprevious speakers. the or expressions the echo utterances these utterances, others’ heard speakerlikeGracePoeuses a When speech. her into fromothers has she utterances merges She audible. voices Filipinos’ By these makes she Poe. Filipinos, ordinary of Gracegroups of strife bythe citing echoed voices their represent advice Roces’ Susan and Aquino’splatform, President president, as running for principle Poe’s Fernando tactics. political varying amid steadfast mother,keepher to mentions her adviceforRoces’further Susan She president. as serve to strength and inspiration of source her are they saying society, the of members other several and stop, non- work who laborers families, their of sake the for loneliness endure whoworkers Filipino overseas ride, bus or jeep a for run or MRT the in dailyspace for shove who commuters their the like struggle, in Filipinos ordinary mentions she however, plans, Mikhail Bakhtin (1986, p. 67) views an utterance as a “unit of “unit a as utterance an views 67) p. (1986, Bakhtin Mikhail 2 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM The Polyphonic Nature Of Grace Poe’s ... 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM 3 When a statement of another is mentioned as part of a speaker’s speaker’s a of part as mentioned is another of statement a When As mentioned earlier, we create an utterance using words Like Like words, sentences do not have an expressive aspect anticipation of responses, Bakhtin applies the term “addressivity.” “addressivity.” term the applies Bakhtin responses, of anticipation Intended addressees of an utterance could be an interlocutor in a conversation, one’s colleagues, an opposing group, the public utterance utterance or speech, the expression speech adds of to the the expression of current the previous speaker’s speaker, making the utterance a sphere where world views meet. This is true of every utterance. And in producing an utterance, another’s to speech to respond but his also only utterance directs one does not this For responses. possible their consideration into taking others, apply apply to it our own views and so expression that it not expresses only our evaluation of the meaning of the utterance but also our thoughts the reflect Utterances utterances. others’ toward attitude speakers. of different from from others’ utterances. By using words from another speaker’s utterance or stating another’s utterance, we react to it. We deny it, to ideas own our it,add against argue utterance, the support or or use it to clarify our point aware that others have heard it. We unless uttered in actual A reality. sentence may have a finalizing, explaining, or enumerating of view Our utterance. an as it use we when intonation expressive intonation but it and only attitude reality toward combined with the language that has gains an is structured. an utterance the way generic meanings determine speakers and contexts. These words have three aspects. These are are These aspects. three have words These contexts. and speakers another of part being its (2) language, a of part as neutrality its (1) and (3) intentions, speaker’s this containing and speech speaker’s its being part of “my” speech in a particular context expression. filled with We choose words based on their meanings and we combine these combine we and meanings their on based words choose We utterance, an create we When intent. expressive our utter to words the words we use are from other utterances communication in certain situations speech particular to relate wherein always communication in used Words words realities. relate to concrete as the “expressive aspect” (p. 84). Based on our attitude toward the subject of our utterance, we choose and combine words and utter this or word these with like words joy or intonation. Words expressive. inherently not are but tone emotional include sadness Scentia Inside june 2016.indd 3 Scentia Inside june2016.indd 4 Cabaysa... ees aant beto ad odtos o an upr from support gain to conditions and objection against defense The considers he advance, In reactions. hearer.possible all of thinks speaker unspecified an even or addressees influence how forth,a speaker constructs his utterance. The so and general, in quotes or not, utterancesquotes ornot, are always dialogic inthefirstsense. on a topic to that of the source of the utterance. Whether a speaker both the speaker and a listener to contrast their evaluative stance known. The speaker quotes the utterance from a source known to utterance the of source the makes speaker the sense, second the utterance.In the of source the of conscious them making without first the is which former sense, the the speaker intends hearers to focus In on what he or she says sense. second the in Bakhtin as dialogue to dialogic. refers he what these to dialogism of makes meaning this contexts distinguishes other from words cited That are speakers. different by an these to comprise attached of layers that meanings the and words judgments value The the with speech. filled are our utterance of topic the utterances about earlier other considers response our and utterance expressed through tone. this always includes his or her evaluative position of the utterance and utterance another’s to new something adds always speaker A tone. of form a is which intonation its determines utterance an of content the toward attitude speaker’s a earlier, explained As we respond. This idea of voice is suggestive of the concept of tone. which to voice a utterance the give we author.Thus, an imagine utterance such as (in a proverb, even if we do not know its author, Bakhtin we dialogue. an to respond we when a that explains 1990) Emerson, in & Morson engage utterances of listeners and The DialogicView oftheUtterance (Bakhtin, 1986) based hisknowledge abouttheirexperiences, beliefs, andbiases. the addressees. He considers how they would perceive his speech u sec i awy a epne o peiul spoken previously a to response a always is speech Our The addressivity of every utterance makes it dialogic. Speakers 4 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM The Polyphonic Nature Of Grace Poe’s ... 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM 5 While heteroglossia describes the variety of styles of different of different of styles describes the variety While heteroglossia It serves two speakers at the same time and expresses Another’s speech in another’s language serving to express An often misunderstood concept of Bakhtin, according to place and time wherein a dialogic encounter can take place. Both author and characters should have an amount of surplus vision should author An dialogue. a in engage to them enable would that account Bakhtin’s use of the idea of a surplus of vision exemplified exemplified vision of surplus a of idea the of use Bakhtin’s account novel, monologic a In head. another’s of back the of vision one’s by characters the to respect with vision of surplus much has author an in his novel while the latter do not have any surplus at all respect to with the In author. a polyphonic work, the author interacts with his characters at the same level. The author only creates a voices voices in an utterance, polyphony concerns an author’s position in communicating the dialogic aspect of aspect truth acknowledges the of interaction of many voices truth. or interlocutor an as acts work a such of author An consciousnesses. The dialogic in the dialogue. This can better be understood by taking into exchanges in exchanges a dialogue know of each other and are structures in a hold actually they if as is it other; each of knowledge mutual this conversation with each Double-voiced other. discourse is always (Bakhtin, 1981, p. 324 in Kim, 2011, p. 60) dialogized. internally simultaneously simultaneously two different intentions: the direct intention of the character who is speaking, and the refracted intention of the and meanings, two voices, two are there discourse, such In author. dialogically are voices two these while, the all And expressions. two interrelated, they -as it were- know about each other just as two varied varied speech styles in a language. As a feature of described as follows. a novel, it is constitutes speech Such way. refracted a in but intentions authorial discourse. double voiced a special type of because Bakhtin discusses the polyphonic feature of Dostoevsky’s Dostoevsky’s of feature polyphonic the discusses Bakhtin because writings without explicitly defining the concept. The meaning of polyphony is often confused with that of heteroglossia because both relate to the dialogic nature of the an to utterance. refers heteroglossia To clarify that understood be the should it difference, The Concept of Polyphony Concept The Morson and Emerson (1990), is They polyphony. say that this is Scentia Inside june 2016.indd 5 Scentia Inside june2016.indd 6 Cabaysa... o per i witn hri te uhr eis rtn after writing begins author the wherein written is poetry how for account not does process The work. polyphonic a creating of process the through possible is dialogism This possible. dialogue not completely merge with a character as this would not make the even readily interpret the illocutionary force behind a speaker’s a behind force illocutionary and the interpret readily constantly even users Language addressee. speaker’s an on the illocution the of illocution, effect the perlocution, an a locution and words; the words; uttering a in intention speaker’s involves a utterance to an referring Producing locution. every persuasive intentions underlie their every utterance. leaders’ groups.Aspiring constituent byits and whole a as nation taglines that connect to past and recent events experienced by the and speeches through messages their communicate Candidates presumed responses of its addressees, the members of the society. government officials. The speeches of aspiring leaders focus on the each with aspiring of credibility the themselvesabout within also onlybut other not argue people wherein setting inconclusive elevates. The pre-election and election period is an open, free, and through a transition period like an election of leaders, the dialogism and willalways beinthefuture.(Bakhtin, 1984) spoken, the world is open and free, everything is still in the future been yet not has world the about and world the wordof ultimate work isexpressed inthefollowing statement. new polyphonic a a in in place takes that changed meanings dialogue unending The or context. Some renewed are stops. contexts never past in meanings expressed of expression the expected as are utterances to responses Other 1990) Emerson, & speaks with them. This makes the dialogue unfinalizable. (Morson he before answers their foretell not but guess can he characters, each encounter characters other.his author,with As the dialogue a in Dostoevskywhenengages wherein situation the is vision surplus minimum individuals.realHis sometimes are voiceswho important of ideas the with begins but structure of plan a follow not does He polyphonicwork.creating of method the clarify help Dostoevsky’s wane. openness to new to insights causing him to begins rewrite his dialogues can felt has she or he inspiration the Using philosopher, Searle Austin’s terms, illocutions underlie illocutions terms, Austin’s philosopher,Searle Using goes society a When world. our characterizes Dialogism the world, the in place taken yet has conclusive Nothing 6 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM The Polyphonic Nature Of Grace Poe’s ... 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM 7 The succinct of structure and in choice a of words slogan calls Language shows how humans think. American linguists George George linguists American think. humans how shows Language During During the pre-election period of a society, every aspiring function which is the expression of persuasive tactics in electoral campaigns. ideas The poetic, referential, all work as part and emotive of functions are intended to fulfil a conative function. poor masses and Joseph Estrada. In addition to the poetic function, function, poetic the to addition In Estrada. Joseph and masses poor other functions of language namely the emotive referring to the expression of attitude toward a topic, the conative which is the stating of an imperative or vocative, the phatic which is used in maintaining communication, the metalingual when which speakers clarify their functions use of language, and the referential elections when politicians compete for people’s attention. Slogans Slogans attention. people’s for compete politicians when elections display what linguist,Russian-American Roman Jacobson (1996) on attention focus to is which language of function poetic the calls the message. The use of in rhyme “Erap focuses para sa mahirap” attention on the message that strengthens a bond between the attention and remains in the mind of hearers. in the mind of hearers. and remains attention and holds attention to its message. This capturing and remembering is of better exemplified by the slogan, “Erap attention para sa This Mahirap”. effect of slogans should explain its use during human thought are metaphorical. We use language, specifically words or phrases that mean one thing to explains denote another. why This people readily understand the slogan Daan” “Tuwid used na by President Aquino as a metaphor governance for practiced the honest by his administration. The nature and metaphorical concise structure of a slogan explain why it captures The Use of Language The Use of Language Lakoff and Mark Johnson (1980) explain that both language and gets complicated by the heterogeneous nature of the audiences in terms of socio-political connections, socio-economic statuses, beliefs, concerns, and prejudices. To gain societal favor sub-groups, from politicians different employ a number the use of language. through of predominantly strategies utterance based on physical, social, and linguistic contexts. contexts. linguistic and social, on physical, based utterance through respond who voters to messages her or his directs leader attitude, speech, and action. Anticipating hearers’ responses Scentia Inside june 2016.indd 7 Scentia Inside june2016.indd 8 Cabaysa... express his or her position or attitude on these, he or she seeks she or he these, on attitude or position her or his express to utterances others’ states openly candidate a When decisions. voting perspectivesand hearers’ toward influencing oriented are these language, of function poetic the perform slogans Although oue o te s o dfeet ocs o an h spot of support the gain to framework The elections. presidential voices upcoming the in different Filipinos of use the on focuses Describing Grace Poe’s Speech to leaders fashion aspiring theirlanguageto Filipinovoters’ views inlife. for essential is it Thus of candidates. defeat political or victory the the determine on audiences Filipino choices of linguistic minds of effects The elections. presidential Philippine 2004 the during winner supposed a was poor the for concern expressed campaigns, his in who, actor Filipino popular Jr.,FernandoPoea masses. also Filipino the of sympathy the him won created has Estrada Joseph which poor the with that identifies image the popularity, to addition In par.5) (bio, guerrilla.” has played the roles of “...jeepney driver, electorate. laborer, and the a Communist of percentage Another is wouldthe appeal of the actor, large Joseph Estrada, who in poor his films a the from of support encourage recognition hence widespread, is poverty that is One things. two of suggestive gain is masses to the from seeks support which Mahirap” sa para “Erap change. for desire politicians’ corrupt practices responds to the Filipino population’s numbers of voters. The “Tuwid na Daan” slogan, whichlarger reminds of to appeal to order in conditions widespread and existing of use make leaders Aspiring thinking. of ways and life Filipino Language UseduringElectoral Campaigns inthePhilippines of electoral candidates for government office. messages verbal the in significance gains which degrees varying in functions different fulfils Language information. the of effect persuasive intended the through programs function proposed conative its and also, plans but one’s of informed is public the when function referential its only not fulfils Language support. The description of presidential candidate, Grace Poe’s speech Poe’s Grace candidate, presidential of description The Verbaltomessages meant gain voters’Filipino reflect support 8 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM The Polyphonic Nature Of Grace Poe’s ... 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM 9 Most dominant in Grace Poe’s speech is the voice of her In identifying the voices in the speech, I followed a sequence own own hard work is not enough. Everyone needs a helping Shouldn’t hand. this be the measure of a responsive government no one behind?” and leaves and it uplifts everyone society – how most appealing the to poor Filipino masses hear who about cases of corruption investigated through senate hearings television. Grace Poe continues shown her speech with on what her father told She her. says, “Gracia, poverty is not a destiny because each one’s fate is in his / her hands. But to get out of poverty, one’s how how pieces of information result to imagined responses on the part of the Filipinos. Fernando adoptive Poe father, At Jr. the beginning of the speech, she mentions how “he wanted to help fight the oppression, poor, the be should aims These society.” just and prosperous a forge and carried the speaker’s intent. So even if I read both copies I noted the closeness of the English translation to the copy The considers analysis past conditions in in relation to specific past Tagalog. in the speech. Details about past these situations were utterances taken from news websites although the description is limited to Filipinos in their life struggles which actually precedes President plans. Poe’s Grace of part as only cited is which utterance Aquino’s I then discuss how intones Poe her Grace plans. The discussion is Inquirer. at posted candidacy, of declaration Poe’s Grace to limited com in and its English Tagalog versions. The speech was actually so in this delivered Tagalog version must more have expressively representing non-specific voices in Grace Poe’s candidacy. Poe’s Grace in voices non-specific representing that combines degree of dominance and the order of ideas in the speech. Thus, I first discuss the of most Fernando dominant voice Poe. I then talk about Grace Poe’s mention of groups of ordinary behind using the past utterances as part of Grace Poe’s speech are are speech Poe’s Grace of part as utterances past the using behind an important part of the discussion. The discussion reveals past utterances included in Grace Poe’s speech; intentions suggested by the contextual conditions of the past utterances; how the past utterances fulfil present intentions; and the role of utterances used used is the concept of polyphony and the speech act describing theory. In the speech, each of the voices intention is behind its identified utterance is and discussed based the on the role of The intentions uttered. and the the it situation speaker was when Scentia Inside june 2016.indd 9 Scentia Inside june2016.indd 10 Cabaysa... popularity as actor which made it easy for him to appeal to the to appeal to him for easy it his made which to actor as attributable popularity was attention people’s the of terms in edge His Arroyo. Macapagal Gloria of contender strongest the was he working classes. the to appeal her extends she so, doing By conditions. economic awarenesssocio- her their about of Filipinos groups of specific of consciousnesses the stirring imagines She dialogic them. with encounter a begins Poe Grace Filipinos, ordinary of groups these mentioning Bysecurity. and safety who our ensure soldiers to lives their and risk policemen and exhausted, are they till hunched, work gets who back nurses areas, distant in and students to out reach who calloused teachers get hands whose workers of speaks Filipinos who She work overseas sea. for the sakeat of their out children’s future, fishermen and roads, city’s the plying drivers transport public shifts, graveyardworking agents (BPO) ProcesscitesBusiness OutsourcingShe bus. or jeep aftera run or for work on the farm, and to force one’s way into the crowded MRT in GMA. She cites ordinary Filipinos who wake at dawn for school, Oras 24 and ABS-CBN Patrolin TV programslike news television majority of Filipinos experience these everyday and view these greaton the because society the to known are amazes struggles her.These struggles daily over triumph whose Filipinos ordinary Joseph of supporters previous Estrada. the from gains she favor the of the poor and gives them a sense of hope. She may be as well aware of plight the of recognition her expresses intentions father’s of her utterance Her masses. Filipino the to appeal her boosts This loved.they whomwelfare and their forcared who figure political plan, Grace Poe reminds Filipino masses father’sof her relationship her with a continue to desire the stating Bypoor. the by loved once was who Estrada Joseph of reminds also It voice. FPJ’s only not reverberates poor the for concern stated FPJ’s of utterance Poe’s Grace slogan. campaign Mahirap” sa para as “Erap and popularity actor his for also elections, Philippine of history the in votesof number highestEstrada, the whogainedJoseph of friend a was he that appeal his to added It masses. Filipino oppressed When Fernando Poe Jr. (FPJ) run for presidency in May,FernandoJr.in PoepresidencyWhen for run 2004, (FPJ) enno o J.s oc dmnts hn eoe rc Poe Grace before when dominates voice Jr.’s Poe Fernando of groups different the mentions further speech Poe’s Grace 10 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM The Polyphonic Nature Of Grace Poe’s ... 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM 11 Among the most sought after of the plans is the lowering of It has been explained that our speech is a always response to Grace Poe further quotes an utterance from President Aquino, Aquino, President from utterance an quotes further Poe Grace 2014, public demand for reduced tax rates has caused leaders of the House of Representatives and Senate to consider hastening discussions on a tax reform bill. On November 29, 2015, Bayan in stating the concerns of Grace Poe’s plans have been heard many many heard been have plans Poe’s Grace of concerns the stating in of variety a in conversation daily Filipinos’ and television on times several her plans, she serves Thus in presenting specific contexts. intentions. income taxes. As posted by GMA News Online on September1, beyond beyond the audiences exclusive to her in a dialogic encounter. groups father diverse She engages affiliates. and his political with filled are utterance an in words the that so utterances others’ used words The speakers. different by intended meanings of layers plan to pursue the passage of the Freedom of Information bill. In addition, her explicit support for “Tuwid na Daan” is an to appeal other sectors of the electorate, those the who pro-Aquino favor groups good and governance without actually a supporting particular political figure. By this appeal, Grace Poe reaches forces. forces. President Aquino’s use of the term of is alleged a corrupt acts denouncement of a number concept toward of his reform administration’s to reinforce serves of government officials. It trustworthiness campaign in the to agreement governance. expresses Poe Grace In platform, 20-point including this among stating her by expression this and strengthens corruption against her action in response to her supportive reference to her father who their hearts. has won “Tuwid na Daan,” which corruption policy. The refers utterance gets to to serve two illocutionary his administration’s anti- support support from the electorate is common to the two to help desire expressed speakers. Jr.’s Poe addition In to this and to Fernando intones She father. her to identity her affiliates Poe Grace poor, the his words with her support and presents this to a body for their evaluation. She hypothesizes favorable attitudes, speech, and presents presents her 20-point plan, she says, “Naniniwala ako na sa pag- man, uunahin may kung At dapat! sabay-sabay pagyaman, o unlad dapat at and The mas mahihirap double-voiced nangangailangan. discourse expresses two intentions. The purpose of gaining Scentia Inside june 2016.indd 11 Scentia Inside june2016.indd 12 Cabaysa... gaining electoral support. By including this among her plans, Grace Poe adds to her points in taxes. income lower for rallied lists party Anak-Pawis and Muna She says the sea belongs to us and will be protected by peaceful by protected be tone. will and us steadfast to belongs sea a the says She expresses Poe Grace this, For Sea. Philippine and problems current plans to resolve these. of awareness an expresses She abroad. working in and papers their processing in problems encounter support, need whofamilies who starve, athletes and families of overseas and Filipino workers writers, who artists, college, finish traffic, to challenge a the it find who daughters about and sons their complain and parents who commuters costs, electricity high about complaining consumers to same the does She heard. voices their makes she fair, are receive employees government to gain aspotintheirhearts. attempts she aims, their toward position supportive and culture have clamored for. Through her expression of admiration for their adds that they should gain equal opportunities, which is what they their culture and heroism served as inspiration for FPJ’s films. She concerns. their understands she that idea the communicating parents, with affinity an seeks statement .This drugs and crime of spread the that as a mother, she worries about the safety of her children amid is herway like ofgiving themimportanceandgaining theirsupport. issues rights their of recognitionPoe’s Grace families. their celebrities, byeven and encountered of number a of case havethe in public the by acceptance sector (LGBT) Transgender of oldergenerations. hearts the to close and all to knownactress an of motherlyimage the through hearts their into deeper reaches identity.She her of mentioning her adoptive mother, Susan Roces, she reminds people In government. the from get should people older that care importance the to gives mother own her saying sectors,” “vulnerable h ad a pca vie n iig eir iies among citizens senior citing in voice special a adds She h sec de nt is h cnrvry vr h West the over controversy the miss not does speech The and workers wages if investigate to need the citing In saying Mindanao, of Moros the addresses she Furthermore, She establishes a common identity with parents when she says and Bisexual, Gay, Lesbian, the to belong who Individuals 12 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM The Polyphonic Nature Of Grace Poe’s ... 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM 13 Grace Grace Poe ends her speech again with her father’s voice. She Moreover, the are development the plans use toward directed Moreover, In presenting her plans, Grace Poe addresses sub-groups When she states the need for an “Emergency Management Stating the plan to ensure that the contractor who will be hearts of his supporters who would want to express their loyalty to him through her. To this she adds her voice mother, Susan advising Roces’ her to remain steadfast in facing the challenges spoke spoke of how despite the ridicule, belittling, and doubt about her father’s citizenship when he ran for presidency, his courage but Filipinos. pursue enabled his purpose him of to helping his fellow She takes the stance of a daughter who listens her father’s to courage and goodness. and In doing admires so she also stirs the of her speech have their own surplus of vision about Grace Poe herself and other candidates which enable dialogic encounters in response to her speech. can As we elect, to whom on decide competing voters and campaigns candidates persuasive engage in of meanings. an unending expression expect statements, statements, she touches on the many consciousnesses that make addressing in vision of surplus her of use makes She society. the up her countrymen, which are the conditions that she have favorable, challenged find would they that plans presenting By lives. their anticipates but cannot predict favorable responses. The hearers utmost opportunity to show concern for the typhoon victims. the typhoon concern for show to utmost opportunity of machinery for the agricultural sector industry. to the tourism to services, and attending internet prosper, improving of Filipino society. Through this and her utterance of others’ Department” that will ensure preparedness against the threats of climate change, she must have had in mind past catastrophes that left the Filipinos helpless as when typhoon victims Yolanda devastated residents of Leyte, Samar, and other Visayan regions. This gives her an edge over candidates who failed to use their maintain maintain train operation, she stirs train about the commuters’ inconveniences thoughts caused by the malfunctioning Metro that Rail Transit runs along of EDSA. She adds the expressive the problems. of fixing current intent means. means. Nevertheless, she aims at strengthening our threat. any against Forces Armed and Guard Coast Philippine in charge of trains should have previously proven to effectively Scentia Inside june 2016.indd 13 Scentia Inside june2016.indd 14 Cabaysa... in all honesty and sincerity,and honesty all in voicestrategya disqualification againstthe her offers she about, know all we someone as And book.” open an is “life her says, she As about. know all we background whose someone of image an create statements These politics. of dialogic encounters withvarious groups ofthevoting population. lays her proposals open to hearers’ evaluative responses. She stirs As GraceseveralPoeuses candidacy,declaration of her voices in utterances.she her behind intentions public persuasive Poe’s the Grace and of figure aware are hand, other the on audiences, Filipino voice.The a givesshe them Filipinos, of millions of life in struggles and concerns the uttering In government. of platform his mentions she supporters, loyal has himself that Aquino President Aware supporters. sympathetic has he because candidacy his during belittled was he how also but candidacy father’s her mention only not does She attention. their call to attempt her in the about information of decision making of Filipino groups amount of voters. She makes limited use of this a possesses novel, a of author the like Poe, Grace voice. and perspectivesof other’s control the in is neither that so other each about information of amount minimum a know character her and author or Both characters. his to equal vision of Bakhtin surplus a has of instance, author for novel, As an a both when interactions. occurs interaction dialogic dialogic a explains, encourages which appeal audiences’ her father, of the voices anticipates president, and the ordinary Filipinos of and is viewed acknowledgement as a Her these strategic responses. on positive stance her presents she advocacies, father’s her continue to intention her stating openly In polyphonic. it making voicesmany of inclusion revealsthe bid Conclusions humble honestimagewiththatofacapableleader. that a foundling would ever become senator?” supplementing her schemes against her. presidential Poe’s Grace declaring speech the of analysis The thought have would “Who question, the utters further She 14 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM The Polyphonic Nature Of Grace Poe’s ... 6/27/2016 9:39:54 AM by M. M. Bakhtin, 15 REFERENCES The Filipino language and culture in political in political and culture language The Filipino

The dialogic imagination. Four essays imagination. The dialogic Four The University of Chicago Press. Press. of Chicago The University Press. University Stanford States: United California, Wikipedia. Presidency of Joseph Estrada. en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joseph_Estrada Retrieved from https:// declaration-of-2016-presidential-bid Theory.html faculty.georgetown.edu/irvinem/theory/Bakhtin-Main Weber (Ed.), The stylistics reader. United Kingdom of Great Britain: Arnold. McGee, Ed.; C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Eds.) United States of America: University of Texas Press. Retrieved bio. (n.d.). Joseph estrada-39942 Estrada Biography. from from http://www.biography.com/people/joseph- http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/722639/full-text-grace-poes- language-and-culture-in-political-advertisements-pdf 1895-1975. Press. Texas of University advertisements. advertisements. Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. United States of America: of States United by. live we Metaphors (1980). M. Johnson, & G. Lakoff, Morson, G. S. & C. Emerson. (1990). Mikhail Bakhtin. Creation of a prosaics. Longman. America: of States United interaction. in Meaning (1995). L. Thomas, Irvine, M. (2012). Mikhail Bakhtin: Main theories. Retrieved from http:// Jacobson, Roman. (1958). Closing statement: Linguistics and poetics. In J.J. Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays, 1895-1975 W. (V. Full Text: Grace Poe’s declaration of 2016 presidential bid. Retrieved Retrieved Retrieved From Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). https://larc.sdsu.edu/images/larc/encabo-the-filipino- (M. Holquist, Ed.; C. Emerson & M. Holquist, United Trans.) States of America: Alvarez-Encabo. Alvarez-Encabo. (2010). Scentia Inside june 2016.indd 15