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Fig: 5, 9 I Inventor Patented May 22, 1934 1959,549 May 22, 1934. H. SAUER 1,959,549 POLARIZATION PHOTOMETER Filed March 23, 1933 0LLSLL0SLLLSLSLSLLSL0LLL0LLLSLLSLLLTLLLLSLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLSLLLLS0SSSLSLL0LSLSSSLSLS0SSLLLLLSLSLLL 7 12?% fig: 5, 9 I Inventor Patented May 22, 1934 1959,549 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1959,549 POLARIZATION PHOTOMETER Hans Sauer, Jena, Germany, assignor to firm Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany Application March 23, 1933, Serial No. 662,277 in Germany March 24, 1932 4. Claims. (C. 88-23) The invention concerns a polarization pho tions in which the one or the other photometric tometer having a polarization prism, an analyzer Comparison field is just absolutely dark. prism, and a bi-prism. To avoid measuring disturbing light effects, the In the known photometers of this kind, the po light-entrance apertures, the optical members, larization prism, the bi-prism, and the two light and, eventually, diaphragms, may be so posi 60 entrance apertures have such positions relatively tioned that only those two of the ray pencils to each other that the two prisms deviate the ray emanating from the polarization prism enter the pencils emanating from the two light entrance Succeeding optical members which are used for apertures into a plane containing the centres of the comparison measurement. If the analyzer the light entrance apertures or of images of these prism is behind the polarization prism, these two 65 10 apertures. This constructional form is not very prisms are conveniently given such a distance advantageous in So far as using light of different apart and their apertures are so dimensioned that wave-lengths entails the necessity of specially ad only those images due to the polarization prism justing the instrument, which causes those im enter the analyzer prism which are used for meas ages of the light-entrance apertures to touch uring 70 15 each other which are due only to the polarization The accompanying drawing represents a con prism. structional example of a polarization photometer According to the invention, this disadvantage according to the invention. Figure 1 is an eleva is avoided by giving the polarization prism and tional Section and Figure 2, a section at right the bi-prism such positions relatively to each other angles thereto. Figure 3 illustrates a section 75 20 that the plane in which the one of these prisms through line 3-3 in Figure 2, Figure 4 a side view deviates the ray pencil is approximately at right Seen from the Ocular, and Figure 5 shows the angles to the plane of deviation of the other, and effect of the polarization prism. by So positioning the light-entrance apertures The photometer contains the usual optical that they are displaced in opposite directions at members, that is to say, a Wollaston prism 1 act 80 25 right angles to the plane of deviation of the po ing as a polarizer, a Nicol prism 2 acting as an larization prism. Instead of giving the light analyzer, an objective 3, a bi-prism 4, and an entrance apertures themselves these positions, the ocular 5. The Wollaston prism 1 is fixed in the said apertures may remain at their usual places tubular part of a housing 6. In the cover 7 of when deviating means are so disposed behind this tube, two Square light-entrance apertures 8 85 30 them that they appear to assume the said other and 9 are so provided that the line connecting positions when viewed from the polarization their centres intersects the tube axis X-X and prism. In any case, in order to make the sep is parallel to the plane of deviation of the Wol aration line between the fields of view, which is laston prism 1. Two prisms iO and 11 fixed to the due to the edge of the bi-prism, disappear, the cover 7 so deviate the ray pencils emanating from 90 35 light-entrance apertures are conveniently given the apertures 8 and 9, respectively, that these ap ertures, when seen from the Wollaston prism. 1, Such positions that two of their four images due appear to assume the positions 8” and 9", indi to the polarization prism precisely touch each cated in Figure 3 by dash-lines, in which they are other, which is actually the case for instance with displaced relatively to each other at right angles 95 40 light-entrance apertures having edges parallel to to the plane of deviation of the Wollaston prism the plane of deviation of the polarization prism, 1 in Such a manner that the lower edge of 8' and when corresponding edges lie in a plane parallel the upper edge of 9' lie in One and the same plane, to this plane of deviation. This new photometer this plane being parallel to the plane of deviation offers also another advantage in so far as in the of the Wollaston prism and containing the cen 100 45 plane of the ocular diaphragm the distances be tres of 8 and 9. The Nicol prism 2 is mounted tween those images of the light entrance aper in a tubular piece 12 rotatable about the axis tures which are not used for measuring and the X-X in the tubular part of the housing 6. The images which are used are of a greater length position which the Nicol prism 2 assumes rela than that of the corresponding distances in tively to the housing 6 is indicated by an index 13, 105 50 photometers of the known kind. which is disposed on the housing 6, on a gradu It is advisable to leave the space between the ation 14 provided on a flange 15 connected to the polarization and the analyzer prism in the tubular piece 12. The objective 3 and the bi known manner free from optical members. This prism 4 are disposed in a tubular piece 6 screwed 55 is attained by displacing exactly at 90° the posi to the housing 6 by means of plates 17. The bi O 2 1,959,549 prism 4 has such a position that its edge 18 is two light-entrance apertures being parallel to parallel to the line connecting the centres of the the plane of deviation of the polarization prism, light-entrance apertures 8 and 9. The Ocular 5 and two reflecting prisms, each of these prisms is mounted in a tube 19 which is displaceable in being disposed behind one of the two light-en the housing 16 in the direction X-X SO as to trance apertures and adapted to make two Sys 80 permit focusing. 20 designates a color filter tems of light pencils strike the polarization prism, which is mounted in the housing 16, and this con these two Systems being displaced relatively to veniently in such a manner that it may be easily each other at right angles to the plane of devias exchanged for another. The ocular diaphragm is tion of the polarization prism. 0 designated 21. 3. A polarization photometer having a housing All parts are arranged in such a manner that which contains a polarization prism, an analyzer two of the four images of the light-entrance ap prism, and a bi-prism, the analyzer prism being ertures which are due to the Wollaston prism 1 rotatable and the two other prisms being fixed touch each other precisely (cf. Figure 5), and that in such a manner that their planes of deviation 5 only ray pencils corresponding to these two in are approximately at right angles to each other, 90 ages enter the Nicol prism 2. the housing being provided with two square light I claim: entrance apertures adapted to make two Systems 1. A polarization photometer having a housing of light pencils strike the polarization prism, these which contains a polarization prism, an analyzer two systems being displaced relatively to each 20 prism and a bi-prism, the analyzer prism being other at right angles to the plane of deviation of 95 rotatable and the two other prisms being fixed in the polarization prism by the height of the light Such a manner that their planes of deviation are entrance apertures. approximately at right angles to each other, the 4. A polarization photometer having a hous housing being provided with two light-entrance ing which contains a polarization prism, an ana 25 apertures adapted to make two systems of light lyzer prism, and a bi-prism, the analyzer prism 100 pencils strike the polarization prism, these two being rotatable and the other prisms being fixed systems being displaced relatively to each other in such a manner that their planes of deviation at right angles to the plane of deviation of the are approximately at right angles to each other, polarization prism. the polarization prism and the analyzer prism be 30 2. A polarization photometer having a housing ing separated by an optically free Space, the 05 which contains a polarization prism, an analyzer housing being provided with two light-entrance prism, and a bi-prism, the analyzer prism being apertures adapted to make two systems of light rotatable and the two other prisms being fixed in pencils strike the polarization prism, these two such a manner that their planes of deviation are systems being displaced relatively to each other approximately at right angles to each other, the at right angles to the plane of deviation of the 110 housing being provided with two light-entrance polarization prism. ?. apertures, the line connecting the centres of the HANS SAUER, 40 115 45 120 50. 125 55 130 60 35 5 O 145 5 150 .
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