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THE IMPACT of the ARMENIAN GENOCIDE on the FORMATION of NATIONAL STATEHOOD and POLITICAL IDENTITY “Today Most Armenians Do
ASHOT ALEKSANYAN THE IMPACT OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE ON THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL STATEHOOD AND POLITICAL IDENTITY Key words – Armenian Genocide, pre-genocide, post-genocide, national statehood, Armenian statehood heritage, political identity, civiliarchic elite, civilization, civic culture, Armenian diaspora, Armenian civiliarchy “Today most Armenians do not live in the Republic of Armenia. Indeed, most Armenians have deep ties to the countries where they live. Like a lot of us, many Armenians find themselves balancing their role in their new country with their historical and cultural roots. How far should they assimilate into their new countries? Does Armenian history and culture have something to offer Armenians as they live their lives now? When do historical and cultural memories create self-imposed limits on individuals?”1 Introduction The relevance of this article is determined, on the one hand, the multidimen- sionality of issues related to understanding the role of statehood and the political and legal system in the development of Armenian civilization, civic culture and identity, on the other hand - the negative impact of the long absence of national system of public administration and the devastating impact of the Armenian Genocide of 1915 on the further development of the Armenian statehood and civiliarchy. Armenian Genocide in Ottoman Turkey was the first ever large-scale crime against humanity and human values. Taking advantage of the beginning of World War I, the Turkish authorities have organized mass murder and deportations of Armenians from their historic homeland. Genocide divided the civiliarchy of the Armenian people in three parts: before the genocide (pre-genocide), during the genocide and after the genocide (post-genocide). -
Nagorno-Karabakh's
Nagorno-Karabakh’s Gathering War Clouds Europe Report N°244 | 1 June 2017 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 149 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Ongoing Risks of War ....................................................................................................... 2 A. Military Tactics .......................................................................................................... 4 B. Potential Humanitarian Implications ....................................................................... 6 III. Shifts in Public Moods and Policies ................................................................................. 8 A. Azerbaijan’s Society ................................................................................................... 8 1. Popular pressure on the government ................................................................... 8 2. A tougher stance ................................................................................................... 10 B. Armenia’s Society ....................................................................................................... 12 1. Public mobilisation and anger -
Poetry Sampler
POETRY SAMPLER 2020 www.academicstudiespress.com CONTENTS Voices of Jewish-Russian Literature: An Anthology Edited by Maxim D. Shrayer New York Elegies: Ukrainian Poems on the City Edited by Ostap Kin Words for War: New Poems from Ukraine Edited by Oksana Maksymchuk & Max Rosochinsky The White Chalk of Days: The Contemporary Ukrainian Literature Series Anthology Compiled and edited by Mark Andryczyk www.academicstudiespress.com Voices of Jewish-Russian Literature An Anthology Edited, with Introductory Essays by Maxim D. Shrayer Table of Contents Acknowledgments xiv Note on Transliteration, Spelling of Names, and Dates xvi Note on How to Use This Anthology xviii General Introduction: The Legacy of Jewish-Russian Literature Maxim D. Shrayer xxi Early Voices: 1800s–1850s 1 Editor’s Introduction 1 Leyba Nevakhovich (1776–1831) 3 From Lament of the Daughter of Judah (1803) 5 Leon Mandelstam (1819–1889) 11 “The People” (1840) 13 Ruvim Kulisher (1828–1896) 16 From An Answer to the Slav (1849; pub. 1911) 18 Osip Rabinovich (1817–1869) 24 From The Penal Recruit (1859) 26 Seething Times: 1860s–1880s 37 Editor’s Introduction 37 Lev Levanda (1835–1888) 39 From Seething Times (1860s; pub. 1871–73) 42 Grigory Bogrov (1825–1885) 57 “Childhood Sufferings” from Notes of a Jew (1863; pub. 1871–73) 59 vi Table of Contents Rashel Khin (1861–1928) 70 From The Misfit (1881) 72 Semyon Nadson (1862–1887) 77 From “The Woman” (1883) 79 “I grew up shunning you, O most degraded nation . .” (1885) 80 On the Eve: 1890s–1910s 81 Editor’s Introduction 81 Ben-Ami (1854–1932) 84 Preface to Collected Stories and Sketches (1898) 86 David Aizman (1869–1922) 90 “The Countrymen” (1902) 92 Semyon Yushkevich (1868–1927) 113 From The Jews (1903) 115 Vladimir Jabotinsky (1880–1940) 124 “In Memory of Herzl” (1904) 126 Sasha Cherny (1880–1932) 130 “The Jewish Question” (1909) 132 “Judeophobes” (1909) 133 S. -
Didier Daeninckx and the Manouchian Resistance Group
1 An Ever-Present Past: Didier Daeninckx and the Manouchian Resistance Group ‘Writing is always “against”! […] Personally, I am against authority and the disappearance of memory’ — Didier Daeninckx (1997: 68)1 November 1943. Following a series of highly visible attacks in Paris, committed by the Communist, ‘immigrant’ Resistance group of Missak Manouchian,2 the Brigades spéciales (special Brigades) of the French police finally pounce on the perpetrators, and arrest follows arrest. At the end of a very brief trial a few months later, twenty-three members of the combat unit, including Manouchian himself, are condemned to death. The twenty-two men are immediately shot at Mont Valérien, on 21 February 1944 (the one woman, Olga Bancic, is executed separately, beheaded in Stuttgart on 10 May). More or less simultaneously, the photos of ten of these freedom fighters are displayed on the infamous Affiches rouges (red posters), which are plastered over the walls of French towns and cities, and which denounce ‘l’Armée du crime’ (the Army of crime), most obviously composed of people with names of foreign, if not Jewish, origin. Shortly afterwards, the Liberation of France, for which these combatants willingly gave their lives, commenced. That is by no means the end of their story, however. Throughout the post-war period, the group regularly comes back into the headlines, forming, as Margaret Atack has noted, ‘an important focal point for remembrance and controversy’ (2013: 175).3 For example, in 1955, in honour of the group, and to mark the inauguration of a rue du Groupe Manouchian in Paris, Louis Aragon writes the poem which will first appear in L’Humanité on 5 March 1955, entitled ‘Groupe Manouchain’, and then in his collection, Le Roman inachevé, as ‘Strophes pour se souvenir’ (1956: 225-26). -
Remembering the French Resistance: Ethics and Poetics of the Epic Author(S): Nathan Bracher Source: History and Memory , Vol
Remembering the French Resistance: Ethics and Poetics of the Epic Author(s): Nathan Bracher Source: History and Memory , Vol. 19, No. 1 (Spring/Summer 2007), pp. 39-67 Published by: Indiana University Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/his.2007.19.1.39 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Indiana University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to History and Memory This content downloaded from 95.183.180.42 on Wed, 11 Mar 2020 17:03:40 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Remembering the French Resistance Remembering the French Resistance Ethics and Poetics of the Epic NATHAN BRACHER From its very inception to the present day the French Resistance has been rep- resented and commemorated in the epic mode. While Laurent Douzou’s book, La Résistance française: Une histoire périlleuse, reaffirms this heroic vision, Pascal Convert’s sculpture honoring executed Resistance fighters on Mont Valérien and his documentary film Mont Valérien, aux noms des fusillés propose a more human, even anti-heroic approach which nevertheless aims to unite a community in memory by celebrating the courage and sacrifice, but also the specific persons, of previously forgotten résistants. -
Sabiha Gökçen's 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO ―Sabiha Gökçen‘s 80-Year-Old Secret‖: Kemalist Nation Formation and the Ottoman Armenians A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Communication by Fatma Ulgen Committee in charge: Professor Robert Horwitz, Chair Professor Ivan Evans Professor Gary Fields Professor Daniel Hallin Professor Hasan Kayalı Copyright Fatma Ulgen, 2010 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Fatma Ulgen is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2010 iii DEDICATION For my mother and father, without whom there would be no life, no love, no light, and for Hrant Dink (15 September 1954 - 19 January 2007 iv EPIGRAPH ―In the summertime, we would go on the roof…Sit there and look at the stars…You could reach the stars there…Over here, you can‘t.‖ Haydanus Peterson, a survivor of the Armenian Genocide, reminiscing about the old country [Moush, Turkey] in Fresno, California 72 years later. Courtesy of the Zoryan Institute Oral History Archive v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page…………………………………………………………….... -
Agbu Armenia Newsletter Issue 31, June - August, 2014
ARMENIAN GENERAL BENEVOLENT UNION AGBUAGBU ARMENIAARMENIA NEWSLETTERNEWSLETTER Yerevan, Armenia IN THIS ISSUE Issue 31, June - August, 2014 Old Pontifical Residence Re- opened (p. 1-2) OLD PONTIFICAL RESIDENCE RE-OPENED THROUGH RA Prime Minister Welcomes THE GENEROUS DONATION OF AGBU PRESIDENT AGBU President (p. 3) MR. BERGE SETRAKIAN AND MRS. VERA SETRAKIAN RA Diaspora Minister Awards Artur Nazarian (p. 3) Dr. Der Kiureghian Assumes Position of AUA President (p. 4) AUA for Syrian Armenians Campaign Raises Over 12,000 USD (p. 5) AGBU Antranik Scout Camp: Season 7 (p. 6-7) AGBU Yerevan Summer In- ternship Program (p. 8-9) AGBU Musical Armenia is 3 Years Old (p. 10-11) Gallery of AGBU Summer Youth Programs (p. 12-13) AGBU Discover Armenia: The New Decade (p. 14-15) AGBU Armenian Virtual Col- lege (p. 16-18) 10th Anniversary of the Artsakh Chamber Orchestra (p. 19) On July 5, 2014, the reopening ceremony of the Old Pontifical Residence took place at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, presided over by His Holiness Karekin II, Supreme AGBU Presents a Report on Syrian-Armenian Relief Efforts Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians. The renovations to the historic building were (p. 20) made possible by a generous donation from AGBU president Mr. Berge Setrakian and Mrs. Vera Setrakian. Karaguezian Fund Representa- tives at AGBU Armenia (p. 20) Present at the opening ceremony were Hasmik Poghosian, Minister of Culture of the Re- 70’s Aleppo and Yerevan: public of Armenia; Armen Muradian, Minister of Healthcare of the Republic of Armenia; Charity Concert (p. 21) Arthur Nazarian, Minister of Energy of Lebanon; members of the Brotherhood of the AGBU-AYA Arin Dance En- Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin; members of the Setrakian and Nazarian families; repre- semble in Armenia (p. -
Agbu Armenia Newsletter Issue 16, September-October, 2011
ARMENIAN GENERAL BENEVOLENT UNION AGBUAGBU ARMENIAARMENIA NEWSLETTERNEWSLETTER Yerevan, Armenia IN THIS ISSUE ISSUE 16, SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 2011 ♦ AGBU President awarded ARMENIAN PRESIDENT BESTOWS ORDER OF HONOR Order of Honor (p. 1) UPON AGBU PRESIDENT ON THE OCCASION OF THE ♦ Dinner in honor of His Holi- ness Karekin II (p. 2) 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF ARMENIA’S INDEPENDENCE ♦ Sinan Sinanian and Sam On Friday, September 23, Armenian President Serge Sargsyan awarded AGBU pre- Simonian awarded Anania sident Berge Setrakian with the Order of Honor for his significant contributions to the Shirakatsi medal (p. 3) Republic of Armenia. The honor, one of the highest bestowed by the Republic of Ar- ♦ Alexis Govciyan and Berdj menia, was awarded Terzian awarded Mkhitar during the 20th Anni- Gosh medal (p. 3, 4) versary of Independ- ♦ AUA: 20 years of advance- ence of the Republic ment (p. 4, 5) of Armenia gala at Cipriani Wall Street in ♦ AGBU AVC celebrates 2nd Manhattan's financial year of successful operation district. (p. 6) ♦ AGBU AVC labs opened in The event, which was Rostov and Tbilisi (p. 7) attended by 700 New York-area Armenians, ♦ AGBU AVC participates in was jointly organized education conferences and by the Armenian Em- expos (p. 7) bassy in the United ♦ AGBU delegation at Arme- States, the Permanent Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan bestows Order of Honor upon nia-Diaspora conference (p.8) Mission of the Repub- AGBU President Berge Setrakian ♦ AGBU celebrates 20th anni- lic of Armenia at the versary of Armenia’s inde- United Nations, and leading Armenian-American organizations. The Order of Honor pendence (p. -
Romanians of the French Resistance
French History, Vol. 28, No. 4 (2014) doi:10.1093/fh/cru080 Advance Access publication 10 October 2014 ROMANIANS OF THE FRENCH RESISTANCE GAVIn BOWD* Downloaded from Robert Guédiguian’s film L’Armée du crime and Didier Daeninckx’s novel Missak have been recent reminders of the role of immigrants in the French Resistance. The fate of the ‘Groupe Manouchian’, twenty-two men and one woman executed in early 1944 (they were used in the Nazi propaganda campaign L’Affiche rouge), still resonates and provokes controversy, raising the issue of the silence which http://fh.oxfordjournals.org/ has often surrounded the place of foreigners in la France résistante. What is more, it raises the wider issues of the fate of many of the surviving résistants in post-war communist Eastern Europe and the potential conflicts between inter- nationalism, nationalism and ethnicity. This article seeks to address such issues by examining the largely overlooked involvement of Romanians in the French Resistance, and the significant role they played—well beyond their numerical strength—in both the struggle against the German Occupier and in the post- at University of North Dakota on June 5, 2015 war communist regime. If this could be seen as yet another example of l’amitié franco-roumaine—those strong political and cultural bonds that made of Bucharest a ‘petit Paris’ and of the French capital a place of pilgrimage and ref- uge—it also reveals a complex and sometimes tragic entanglement. An event such as l’Affaire Manouchian is rightly cited as an example of the ‘Vichy Syndrome’ described by Henry Rousso, where a nation’s reassur- ing self-image is shattered by the unbearable reminder of ‘la guerre franco- française’.1 But this resurgence of a past that ‘will not pass’ goes beyond the strictly national frame. -
Fireworks of Music in Malta
MAY No 5 (13) 2018 New stars: Malta International Piano Competition 2018 Armenian Cultural Days fireworks MIMF of music 2018: in Malta CONTENTS MIMF — 2018 A new circle VI Malta International of the “culture circulation”… ................... 48 Music Festival in all dimensions ................ 4 The way youngsters do ............................ 50 What people say about the VI Malta International Music Festival ......... 5 Ephemerides and other ephemeral bodies ........................... 52 New stars: Malta International ......................... Piano Competition 2018 ........................... 10 Bravo, maestro Accardo! 54 Tchaikovsky, Elgar, Shor PERSON Alexey Shor: and Chagall for the unenl ightened “I liked the energy and the most sophisticated... .................. 56 of Armenian audience” ............................. 12 Captivating reading of sound .................. 58 Alexander Sokolov: “ The main criterion for a member ARMENIAN DAYS IN MALTA Unforgettable Armenian of the jury is whether you want to listen Cultural Days in sunny Malta .................... 60 to this composer again” ........................... 14 “We managed to find a common Carmine Lauri: language very quickly, and “Give me a tune and I am happy!” ............. 16 we worked together easily” .................... 63 Krzysztof Penderecki: “Maestro Sergey Smbatyan Anna Ter-Hovakimyan: Critics and musicologists keeps surprising me with his talent” ....... 20 hail performance of Symphony Georges Pélétsis: Orchestra in Malta .................................... 64 -
HAYK's SPIRIT IS IMMORTAL More Than 4500-Year-Old Roots of The
HAYK’S SPIRIT IS IMMORTAL Danielyan E. L. Doctor of Sciences (History) ETERNAL GLORY AND HONOR TO THE HEROES AND THEIR COMRADES-IN-ARMS WHO SACRIFICED THEIR LIVES FOR THE FREEDOM AND INDEPENDENCE OF THE FATHERLAND More than 4500-year-old roots of the Armenian Army are hallowed by the freedom struggle of the Armenian nation for the defence of the Fatherland against foreign invaders. The Armenian liberation torch sanctified by Hayk Nahapet (Patriarch) passed over from Hayots Dzor1 to Avarayr, Zeytun, Sasun, Sardarapat and has reached Artsakh. The heroes sacrificing their lives for the liberation of the Fatherland are immortalized. Hayk Lake Van 1 Մովսէս Խորենացի, Պատմութիւն Հայոց, Երևան, 1991, էջ 32-37: The year 2008 marked the 4500th anniversary of the victory of the Armenian Patriarch Hayk against Bel at the battle of Hayots Dzor (on the shore of Lake Van). Thе calendar calculation of the date based on the periodicity of “Hayk’s Cycle” of the “Ancient Armenian era” was done by the famous Armenologist Ghevond Alishan (1820-1901) (Ալիշան Ղ., Յուշիկք հայրենեաց Հայոց, հ. Ա, Վենետիկ, 1920, էջ 85). There was no leap-year in the ancient Armenian era, since a year was always considered to consist of 365 days; hence the year and the date were movable. Thus 1460 years, according to the Julian calendar, amount to 1461 years, according to the Armenian Calendar. By such periodicity of the “Cycle of Hayk”, 2492 BC denotes the year of Hayk’s victory. The beginning of the victorious year was Navasard 1 (=August 11). New discoveries connected with the observations of the starry sky (the 6th millennium BC - Zorats kar (Karahunj), the first half of the 3rd millennium BC - Metsamor), archaeological excavations and petroglyphs in the Armenian Highland, bear witness to the deep Haykian roots, and that the glorious victory of Hayk symbolized the beginning of a very important new epoch of the Armenian history. -
“Building Bridges, Breaking the Walls: Managing Refugee Crisis in Europe” 2-Stage Project TRAINING COURSE & STUDY VISIT
“Building Bridges, Breaking the Walls: Managing Refugee Crisis in Europe” 2-Stage Project TRAINING COURSE & STUDY VISIT Basic information What: Training Course Title: Building Bridges, Breaking the Walls: Managing Refugee Crisis in Europe Venues and dates: Training Course: 20-28 November (including travel days), Yerevan, Armenia Study Visit: February (days will be confirmed), Stockholm, Sweden Participating Countries: Armenia, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Italy, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Denmark, Turkey, Czech Republic, Greece, Germany, Georgia, Portugal Idea, theme and objectives Structure The project is intended for 32 youth workers, youth educators, members of civil society organizations from 15 European Union and the Neighboring countries who are ready to actively fight against radicalization, discrimination and intolerance against refugees and migrants in their countries and who want to transfer the knowledge they gained in the project to the youth in their organizations and countries. NOTE! To ensure a long term impact we will involve same 36 youth workers in both activities of the project. Objectives of the Activity: The Training Course (Armenia) and the Study Visit (Sweden) have the following main objectives: To provide conceptual framework on the notions of emigration, immigration, integration and multiculturalism to 36 youth workers from different European countries; To analyze the emigration and immigration situation in participating countries and to find out the causes of migration, namely push and pull factors; To discuss