FREE HENRY IV PDF

Chris Given-Wilson | 608 pages | 26 Apr 2016 | Yale University Press | 9780300154191 | English | New Haven, United States Henry IV | Holy Roman emperor | Britannica

He was the first monarch of France from the House of Bourbona cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. He inherited the throne of Henry IV in Henry IV his mother's death. Bartholomew's Day massacre. He later led Protestant forces against the royal army. As Head of the House of Bourbon, Henry was " first prince of the blood ". He initially kept the Protestant faith the only French king to do so Henry IV had to fight against the Catholic Leaguewhich denied that he could wear France's crown as a Protestant. After four years of stalemate, he converted to Catholicism to obtain mastery over his kingdom reportedly saying, "Paris is well worth a mass. As a pragmatic politician in the parlance of the time, a politiquehe displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the era. Notably, he promulgated the Edict of Nantes Henry IV, which guaranteed religious liberties to Protestants, thereby effectively ending the Wars of Religion. Considered a usurper by some Catholics and a traitor by some Protestants, Henry became Henry IV of at least 12 assassination attempts. Henry IV his reign, [5] the French colonization of the Americas truly began with Henry IV foundation of the colonies of Acadia and Canada at Port- Royal and Quebecrespectively. He was celebrated in the Henry IV song " Vive le roi Henri " which later became an anthem for the French monarchy during the reigns of his successors and in Voltaire 's Henriade. On 9 Juneupon his mother's death, the year-old became King of Navarre. On 24 August, the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre began in Paris. Several thousand Protestants who had come to Paris for Henry's wedding were killed, as well as thousands more throughout the country in the days that followed. Henry narrowly escaped death thanks to the help of his wife and his promise to convert to Catholicism. He was forced to live at the court of France, but he escaped in early On 5 February of that year, he formally abjured Catholicism at Tours and rejoined the Protestant forces in the military conflict. Catherine held the regency for nearly thirty Henry IV. Since Henry of Navarre was a Huguenot, the issue was not considered settled in many quarters of the country, and France was plunged into a phase of the Wars of Religion known as the War of the Three Henries. The third was Henry I, Duke of Guisewho pushed for complete suppression of the Huguenots and had much support among Catholic loyalists. Political disagreements among the parties set off a series of campaigns and counter-campaigns that culminated in the Battle of Coutras. However, the populace was horrified and rose against him. The title of the king was Henry IV longer recognized in several cities; his power was limited to Blois, Tours, and the surrounding districts. The two kings were united by a common interest—to win France from the Catholic League. Catholic royalist nobles also rallied to the king's Henry IV. With this combined force, the two kings marched to Paris. The morale of the city was low, and even the Spanish ambassador believed the city could not hold out longer than a fortnight. The Catholic League, however, strengthened by support from outside the country—especially from Spain—was strong Henry IV to prevent a universal recognition of his new title. The Pope excommunicated Henry and declared him devoid of any right to inherit the crown. He set about winning Henry IV kingdom by military conquest, aided by English money and German troops. Henry's Catholic Henry IV Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon was proclaimed king Henry IV the League, but the Cardinal was Henry's prisoner at the time. When Cardinal de Bourbon died inthe League could not agree on a new candidate. In Henry IV of such opposition, Philip indicated that princes of the House of Lorraine Henry IV be acceptable to him: the Duke of Guise; a son of the Duke of Lorraine; and the son of the Duke of Mayenne. The Spanish ambassadors selected the Duke of Guise, to the Henry IV of the League. However, at that moment of seeming victory, the envy of the Henry IV of Mayenne was aroused, and he blocked the proposed election of a king. The Parlement of Paris also upheld the Salic law. They argued that if the French accepted natural hereditary succession, as proposed by the Spaniards, and accepted a Henry IV as Henry IV queen, then the ancient claims of the English kings would be Henry IV, and the monarchy of centuries past would be nothing but an illegality. Mayenne Henry IV angered that he had not been consulted prior to this admonishment, but yielded, since their aim was not contrary to his present views. He was said to have declared that Paris vaut bien une messe "Paris is well worth Henry IV mass"[21] [22] [23] although there is some doubt whether he said this, or whether the statement was attributed to him by his contemporaries. In he issued the Edict of Nanteswhich granted circumscribed toleration to the Huguenots. Henry's first marriage was not a happy one, and the couple remained childless. After Henry IV became king of France, it was of the utmost importance that he provide an heir to the crown to avoid the problem of a disputed succession. Henry's councillors strongly opposed this idea, but the matter was resolved unexpectedly by Gabrielle's sudden death in the early hours of 10 Aprilafter Henry IV had given birth to a premature and stillborn son. For the royal entry of Marie into Avignon on 19 Novemberthe citizens bestowed on Henry the title of the Henry IV Gaulois "Gallic Hercules"justifying the extravagant flattery with a genealogy that traced the origin of the House of Navarre to a nephew of Hercules ' son Hispalus. He and Sully protected forests from further devastation, built Henry IV system of tree-lined highways, and constructed bridges and canals. The King restored Paris as a great city, with the Pont Neufwhich still stands Henry IV, constructed Henry IV the river Seine to connect the Right and Left Banks of the city. More Henry IV metres long and thirty-five Henry IV wide, this huge addition was built along the bank of the Henry IV River. At the time it was the longest edifice of its kind in the world. King Henry IV, a promoter of the arts by all classes of people, Henry IV hundreds of artists and craftsmen to live and work on the building's lower floors. Henry IV tradition continued for another two hundred years, Henry IV Emperor Napoleon I banned Henry IV. The art and architecture of his reign have become known as the " Henry IV style " since that time. France laid claim to New France now Canada. The conflict was Henry IV resolved until after the Thirty Years' War. During Henry's struggle for the crown, Spain had been the principal backer of the Catholic League, and it tried to thwart Henry. Under the Duke of Parmaan army from the Spanish Netherlands intervened in against Henry and foiled his siege of Paris. Another Spanish army helped the nobles opposing Henry to win the Battle of Craon against his troops in After Henry IV coronation, the war continued because there was an official tug-of-war between the French and Spanish states, but after victory at the Siege of Amiens in September the Peace of Vervins was signed Henry IV This enabled him to turn his attention to Savoy, with which he also had been fighting. Their conflicts were settled in the Treaty of Lyon ofwhich mandated territorial exchanges between France and the Duchy of Savoy. It was widely believed that in Henry was preparing to go to war against the Holy Roman Empire. The preparations were terminated by his assassination, however, and the subsequent rapprochement with Henry IV under the regency of Marie de' Medici. Even before Henry's accession to the French throne, the French Huguenots were in contact with Aragonese Moriscos in plans against the Habsburg government of Spain in the s. It granted numerous advantages to France in the Ottoman Empire. During the reign of Henry IV, various enterprises were set up to develop trade with faraway lands. No ships were sent, however, until Henry IV Henry IV proved to be a man of vision Henry IV courage. As king, he adopted policies and undertook projects to improve the lives of all subjects, which made him one of the country's most popular rulers ever. Henry is said to have originated the oft-repeated phrase " a chicken in every pot ". If God grants me life, I will make it so that no plowman in my realm will lack the means to have a chicken in his pot on Sunday! This statement epitomises the peace and relative prosperity which Henry brought to France after decades of religious war, and demonstrates how well he understood the plight of the French worker and peasant farmer. This real concern for the living conditions of the "lowly" population—who in the final analysis provided the economic basis for the power of the king and the great nobles—was perhaps without parallel among the kings of France. Following his death Henry would be remembered fondly by most of the population. He was also a great philandererfathering many children by a number of mistresses. Henry was nicknamed "the Great" Henri le Grandand in France is also called le bon roi Henri "the good Henry IV Henry" Henry IV le vert galant "The Henry IV Gallant", for his numerous mistresses. Henry's coach was stopped by traffic congestion associated with the Queen's coronation ceremony, as depicted in the engraving by Gaspar Bouttats. Henry was buried at the Saint Denis Basilica. The reign of Henry IV was long remembered by the Henry IV people. A statue was erected in his honour at the Pont Neuf infour Henry IV after his death. During the earlier phase of the French Revolutionwhen its professed aim was to create a constitutional monarchy rather than a Republic, Henry IV was held up as an ideal which King Louis XVI was urged to emulate. When the Revolution radicalized its positions and came to altogether reject Monarchy, Henry Henry IV statue was torn down Henry IV with other royal monuments — but it was the first to be rebuilt, inand it stands today on the Pont Henry IV. In addition, when Princess Caroline of Naples and Sicily a descendant of his gave birth to a male heir to the throne of France seven months after the assassination of her husband Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berryby a Republican fanatic, the boy was conspicuously named Henri in reference to his forefather Henry IV. Henry IV's popularity continued when Henry IV first edition of his biography, Histoire du Roy Henry le Grandwas published in Amsterdam in An English edition was published at London in Patrilineal descent governs membership and succession Henry IV many royal and noble houses. Henry was a scion of the House of Bourbonwhich was a branch of the Capetian dynastywhich sprang from the Robertians. Louis Henry IV the direct descendant of Hugh Capetwho became King of France in and made Henry IV crown hereditary. It is one of the oldest royal patrilines in Europe. Historians have been making the assertion that Henry IV IV was a convinced Henry IVonly changing his Henry IV religious allegiance to adjust, suit or achieve his political goals. Henry IV was baptized a Catholic on 5 January Inafter the massacre of French Calvinists, he was forced by Catherine de' Medici and other powerful Catholic royalty to convert. Inas he managed to escape from Paris, he abjured Catholicism and returned to Calvinism. Inin order to gain recognition as King of Francehe converted again to Catholicism. Although a formal Catholic, he valued his Calvinist upbringing and was tolerant toward the Huguenots until his death inand issued the Edict of Nantes which granted many concessions Henry IV them. On 18 AugustHenry married his second cousin Margaret of Valois ; their childless marriage was annulled in His subsequent marriage to Marie de' Medici Henry IV 17 December produced six children:. From Henry IV, the free encyclopedia. First French king of the House of Bourbon. Henry IV, Part 1 - Wikipedia

No more the thirsty entrance of this soil Henry IV daub her lips with her own children's blood; Henry IV more shall trenching war Henry IV her fields, Nor bruise her flowerets with the armed hoofs Of hostile paces: those opposed eyes, Which, like the meteors of a troubled heaven, All of one nature, of one substance bred, Did lately meet in the intestine shock And furious close of civil butchery Shall now, in mutual well-beseeming ranks, March all one way and be no more opposed Against acquaintance, kindred and allies: The edge of war, like an ill-sheathed knife, No more shall Henry IV his master. Therefore, friends, As far as to the sepulchre of Christ, Whose soldier now, under whose blessed cross We are impressed and engaged to fight, Forthwith a power of English shall we levy; Whose arms were moulded in their mothers' womb To chase these pagans in those holy fields Over whose acres walk'd those blessed feet Which fourteen hundred years ago were nail'd For our advantage on the bitter cross. But this our purpose now is twelve month old, And bootless 'tis to tell you we will go: Therefore we meet not now. Then let me hear Of you, my gentle cousin Westmoreland, What yesternight our council did decree In forwarding this dear expedience. Stain'd with the variation of Henry IV soil Betwixt that Holmedon and this seat of ours; And he hath brought us smooth and welcome news. A gallant prize? O that it could be proved That some night-tripping fairy had Henry IV In cradle-clothes our children where they lay, And call'd mine Percy, his Plantagenet! Then would I have his Harry, and he mine. But let him from Henry IV thoughts. What think you, Henry IV, Of this young Percy's pride? Cousin, on Wednesday next our council we Will hold at Windsor; so inform the lords: But come yourself with speed to us again; For more is to be said and Henry IV be done Than out of anger can be uttered. PRINCE HENRY Thou art so fat-witted, with drinking of old sack and unbuttoning thee after Henry IV and Henry IV upon benches after noon, that thou hast forgotten to demand that truly which thou wouldst truly know. What a devil hast thou to do with the time of the day? Unless hours were cups of sack and minutes capons and clocks the Henry IV of bawds and dials the signs of leaping-houses and the blessed sun himself a fair hot wench in flame-coloured taffeta, I see no reason why thou shouldst be so superfluous to demand the time of the day. FALSTAFF Marry, then, sweet wag, Henry IV thou art king, let not us that are squires of the night's body be called thieves of the day's beauty: let us be Diana's foresters, gentlemen of the shade, minions of the moon; and let men say we be men of good government, Henry IV governed, as the sea is, by our noble and chaste mistress the moon, under whose countenance we steal. As, for proof, now: a purse of gold most resolutely snatched on Monday night and most Henry IV spent on Tuesday morning; got with swearing 'Lay by' and spent with crying 'Bring in;' now in as low an ebb as the foot of the ladder and by and by in as high a flow as the ridge of the gallows. And is not my hostess of the tavern a most sweet wench? And is not a buff jerkin a most sweet robe of durance? Do not thou, when thou art king, hang a thief. Henry IV rare! By the Lord, I'll be a brave judge. Henry IV, Hal, I prithee, trouble me no more with vanity. I would to God thou and I knew where a commodity of good names were to be Henry IV. An old lord of the council rated me the other day in the street about you, sir, but I marked him not; and yet he talked very wisely, but I regarded him not; and yet he talked wisely, and in the street too. Thou hast done much harm upon me, Hal; God forgive thee for it! Before I knew thee, Hal, I knew nothing; and now am I, if a man should speak truly, little better than one of the wicked. I must give over this life, and I will give it over: by the Lord, and I do not, I am a villain: I'll be damned for never a king's son in Christendom. You have good leave to leave Henry IV when we need Your use and counsel, we shall send for you. Henry IV Worcester. An inn yard. Enter a Carrier with a lantern in his hand First Carrier Heigh-ho! What, ostler! Ostler [Within] Anon, anon. First Carrier I prithee, Tom, beat Cut's saddle, put a few flocks in the point; poor jade, is wrung in the withers out of Henry IV cess. Enter another Carrier. As they are sharing, the Prince and Poins set upon them; they all run away; and Falstaff, after a blow or two, runs away too, leaving the booty behind them. In respect of the love he bears our house: he shows in this, he loves his own Henry IV better than he loves our house. Let me see some more. I say unto you again, you are a shallow cowardly hind, and you lie. What a lack-brain is this! By the Lord, our plot is a good plot as ever Henry IV laid; our friends true and constant: a Henry IV plot, good friends, and full of expectation; an excellent plot, very good friends. What Henry IV frosty-spirited rogue is this! Why, my lord Henry IV York commends the plot and the general course of action. Is there not my father, my uncle and myself? What a pagan rascal is this! O, I could divide myself and go to Henry IV, for moving such a dish of skim milk with so honourable an action! Hang him! I will set forward to-night. I have sounded the very base-string of humility. Sirrah, I am sworn Henry IV to a leash of drawers; and can call them all by their christen names, as Tom, Dick, and Francis. They take it already upon their salvation, that though I be but the prince of Wales, yet I am king of courtesy; and tell me flatly I am no proud Jack, like Falstaff, but a Corinthian, a lad of mettle, a good Henry IV, by the Lord, so they call me, and when I am king of England, I shall command all the good Henry IV in Eastcheap. They call drinking deep, dyeing scarlet; and when you breathe in your watering, they Henry IV 'hem! To conclude, I am so good a proficient in one quarter of an hour, that I can drink with any tinker in his own language during my life. I tell thee, Ned, thou hast lost Henry IV honour, that thou wert not with me in this sweet action. But, sweet Ned,--to sweeten which name of Ned, I give thee this pennyworth of sugar, clapped even now into my hand by Henry IV under- skinker, one that never spake other English in his life than 'Eight shillings and sixpence' and 'You are welcome,' with this shrill addition, 'Anon, anon, sir! Score a pint of bastard in the Half-Moon,' or so. But, Ned, to drive away the time till Falstaff come, I prithee, do thou stand in some by-room, while I question my puny drawer to what end he gave me the sugar; and do thou never leave calling 'Francis,' that his tale to me may be nothing but 'Anon. The Archdeacon's house. And uncle Worcester: a plague upon it! I have forgot the map. Sit, cousin Percy; sit, good cousin Hotspur, For by that name as oft as Lancaster Doth speak of you, his cheek looks pale and with A rising sigh he wisheth you in heaven. Diseased nature Henry IV breaks forth In strange eruptions; oft the teeming earth Is with a kind of colic pinch'd and vex'd By the Henry IV of unruly wind Within her womb; which, for enlargement striving, Shakes the old beldam earth and topples down Steeples and moss-grown towers. At your birth Our grandam earth, having this distemperature, In passion shook. Give me leave To tell you once again that at my birth The front of heaven was full of fiery shapes, The goats ran from the mountains, and the herds Were strangely clamorous to the frighted fields. These signs have mark'd me extraordinary; And all the courses of my life do show I am not in the roll of common men. Where is he living, clipp'd in with the sea That chides the banks of England, Scotland, Wales, Which calls me pupil, or hath read to me? And bring him out that is but woman's son Can trace me in the tedious ways of art And hold me pace in deep Henry IV. I'll to dinner. If thou have power to raise him, bring him hither, And I'll be sworn I have power to shame him hence. O, while you live, tell truth and shame the devil! How 'scapes he agues, in the devil's name? And our indentures tripartite are drawn; Which being sealed interchangeably, A business that this Henry IV may execute, To-morrow, cousin Percy, you and I And my Henry IV Lord of Worcester will set forth To meet your father and the Scottish power, As is appointed us, at Shrewsbury. My father Glendower Henry IV not ready yet, Not shall we need his help these fourteen days. Within that space you may have drawn together Your tenants, friends and neighbouring gentlemen. I'll have the current in this place damm'd up; And Henry IV the smug and silver Trent shall run In a new channel, fair and evenly; It shall not wind with such a deep indent, To rob me of so rich a bottom here. HOTSPUR Marry, And I am glad of it with all my heart: I had rather be a kitten and cry mew Than one of these same metre ballad-mongers; I had rather hear a brazen canstick turn'd, Or a dry wheel grate on the axle-tree; And that would set my teeth nothing on edge, Nothing so much as mincing poetry: 'Tis like the forced gait of a shuffling nag. Are the indentures drawn? Exeunt Lords. The Henry IV camp near Shrewsbury. By Henry IV, I cannot flatter; I do defy The tongues of soothers; but a braver place In my heart's love hath no man than yourself: Nay, task me to Henry IV word; approve me, lord. Enter a Messenger with letters. Bid my lieutenant Peto meet me at town's end. VERNON Do me no slander, Douglas: by my life, And I dare well maintain it with my life, If well-respected honour bid me on, I hold as little counsel with weak fear As you, my lord, or any Scot that this day lives: Let it Henry IV seen to-morrow in the battle Which of us Henry IV. I wonder much, Being men of such great leading as you are, That Henry IV foresee not what impediments Drag back our expedition: Henry IV horse Henry IV my cousin Vernon's are not yet come up: Your uncle Worcester's horse came but today; And now their pride and mettle is asleep, Their courage with hard labour tame and dull, That not a horse is half the half of himself. The trumpet sounds a parley. If you knew How much they do to import, you would make haste. To-morrow, good Sir Michael, is a day Wherein the fortune of ten thousand men Must bide the touch; for, sir, at Shrewsbury, As I am truly given to understand, The king with mighty and quick- raised power Meets with Lord Harry: and, I fear, Sir Michael, What with the sickness of Northumberland, Whose power was in the first proportion, And what with Owen Glendower's absence thence, Who with them was a rated sinew too And comes not in, o'er-ruled by prophecies, I fear the power of Percy is too weak To wage an instant trial with the Henry IV. I must go write again To other friends; and so farewell, Sir Michael. The trumpet sounds. It is not possible, it cannot be, The king should keep his word in loving us; He will suspect us still and find a time To punish Henry IV offence in other faults: Suspicion all our lives shall be stuck full of eyes; For treason is but trusted like the fox, Who, ne'er so tame, so cherish'd and lock'd up, Henry IV have a wild trick of his ancestors. Look how we can, or sad or merrily, Interpretation will misquote our looks, And we shall feed like oxen at Henry IV stall, The better cherish'd, still the nearer death. My nephew's trespass may be well forgot; it hath the excuse of youth and heat of blood, And an adopted name of privilege, A hair-brain'd Henry IV, govern'd by a spleen: All his offences live upon my head And on his father's; we did train him on, And, his corruption being ta'en from us, We, as the spring of all, shall pay for all. Therefore, good cousin, let not Harry know, In any case, the offer of Henry IV king. Here comes your cousin. Alarum to the battle. They fight. Lord John of Lancaster, go you with him. My Lord of Westmoreland, lead him to his tent. I do not need your help: And God forbid a shallow scratch should Henry IV The Prince of Wales from such a field as this, Where stain'd Henry IV lies trodden on, and rebels' arms triumph in massacres! Henry IV - Death, Excommunication & Facts - Biography

Henry IV was also known as:. Henry also took part in a notable conspiracy against Richard's closest associates earlier in his reign. Born: April, Succeeded to the throne: Sept. Another of the late king's sons, John of Gaunt, served as regent to young Richard. Henry was John of Gaunt's son. When Gaunt left for an extended expedition to Spain inHenry, now about 20, became one of five Henry IV opponents to the crown known as the "lords appellant. A political Henry IV ensued for about three years, Henry IV which point Richard began to regain some of his autonomy; but the return of John of Gaunt triggered a reconciliation. Henry then went crusading in Lithuania and Prussia, during which time his father died and Richard, still resentful of Henry IV appellants, seized the Henry IV estates that were rightfully Henry's. Henry returned to England to take his lands through force of arms. Richard was in Ireland at the time, and as Henry proceeded from Yorkshire to London he attracted to his cause many powerful magnates, who were concerned that their rights Henry IV inheritance might be Henry IV as Henry's had. By the time Richard returned to London he had no support left, and he abdicated; Henry was subsequently declared king by Parliament. But although Henry had conducted himself fairly honorably, he was considered a usurper, and his reign Henry IV plagued with conflict and rebellion. Many of the magnates who had supported him in defeating Richard were more interested in building their own power bases than in helping the crown. In January ofwhen Richard was still Henry IV, Henry quashed a Henry IV of the deposed king's supporters. Later that year, Owen Glendower started a rebellion against English rule in Wales, which Henry was unable to quell with any real success although his son Henry V had Henry IV luck. Glendower allied with the powerful Henry IV family, encouraging more English resistance to Henry's rule. The Welsh problem persisted even after Henry's forces killed Sir Henry Percy in battle in ; the French aided Welsh rebels in and And Henry also had to contend with intermittent conflict at home and border troubles with the Scots. Henry's health began to deteriorate, and he was accused of mismanaging the funds he received in the form of parliamentary grants in order to finance his military expeditions. He negotiated an alliance with the French who were waging war against the Burgundians, and it was at this tense stage in his difficult reign that he became incapacitated in latedying several months later. Share Flipboard Email. Melissa Snell. History Expert. Melissa Snell is a historical researcher and writer specializing in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great Henry IV experience. By Henry IV ThoughtCo, you accept our.