26386 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979

By Mr. CHARLES WILSON of Texas: Anthony Petel, which was referred to the EVANS of Indiana, Mr. FITHIAN, Mr. FOLEY, H.R. 5415. A bill to provide that aliens Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. GARCIA, Mr. GILMAN, Mr. GOODLING, Mr. employed in the United States shall not be HAMILTON, Mr. LEWIS, Mr. LOEFFLER, Mr. LONG entitled to vote in certain elections conducted of Maryland, Mr. McHuGH, Mr. MAGUIRE, MI. among members of labor organizations unless MICHEL, Mr. MOORE, Mr. MYERS of Indiana, such aliens have been naturalized as citi­ ADDITIONAL SPONSORS Mr. PATI'EN, Mr. PATTERSON, Mr. PAUL, Mr. zens of the United States; jointly, to the PERKINS, Mr. QUAYLE, Mr. RAILSBACK, Mr. Committees on Education and Labor and In­ Under clause 4 of ru1e XXII, sponsors were added to public bills and resolutions RINALDO, Mr. RoYBAL, Mr. RoYER, Mr. SATTER­ terstate and Foreign Commerce. FIELD, Mr. SHARP, Mr. SHUSTER, Mr. STOCKMAN, By Mr. YOUNG of Alaska (for himself, as follows: Mr. STUMP, Mr. TREEN, Mr. VANDER JAGT, and Mr. TREEN, Mr. BIAGGI, Mr. LENT, Mr. H.R. 810: Mr. LOTT. Mr. WYDLER. JEFFORDS, Mr. WHITEHURST, Mr. H.R. 1000: Mr. PAUL. H.J. Res. 300: Mr. HYDE. SYMMS, and Mr. LoTT): H.R. 2279: Mr. HANSEN, Mr. CONTE, and H .R. 5416. A bill to promote the transfer of Mr. SAWYER. H. Con. Res. 83: Mr. ADDABBO, Mr. ASH­ BROOK, and Mr. LENT. various fisheries technologies and tech­ H .R. 2997: Mr. COLEMAN and Mr. SOLARZ. H. Con. Res. 134. Mr. DouGHERTY. niques, and for other purposes; to the Com­ H.R. 3614: Mr. COUGHLIN and Mr. ROSTEN­ mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. KOWSKI. H. Con. Res. 183: Mr. GLICKMAN and Mr. By Mr. HANSEN (for himself and Mr. ROUSSELOT. SYMMS): H .R. 3981: Mr. BRINKLEY. H.R. 5417. A bill to exempt the Milner Dam H.R. 4646: Mr. AKAKA, Mr. ALEXANDER, Mr. from certain requirements of the Federal APPLEGATE, Mr. BEVILL, Mrs. BOUQUARD, Mr. DELETION OF SPONSORS Power Act (16 U.S.C. 807), and for other pur­ BOWEN, Mr. BREAUX, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. poses; to the Committee on Interstate and FLIPPO, Mr. FOWLER, Mr. GINN, Mr. GUARINI, Under clause 4 of rule xxn, sponsors Foreign Commerce. Mr. HEFNER, Mr. HINSON, Mr. HOLLAND, Mr. were deleted from public bills and resolu­ By Mr. PIDLLIPBURTON: LEDERER, Mr. LEHMAN, Mr. MAZZOLI, Mr. NEL­ tions as follows: SON, Mr. NICHOLS, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. PRICE, H. Con. Res. 191. Concurrent resolution to H.R. 1603: Mr. EDWARDS of Oklahoma. Mr. RAHALL, Mr. SHUSTER, Mr. EMERY, Mr. authorize the Secretary of the ~terior to H.R. 4360: Mr. HUGHES. provide for the commemoration of the efforts JoNEs of Tennessee, Mr. ANTHONY, and Mr. of Goodloe Byron to protect the Appalachian KOGOVSEK. Trail; to the Committee on Interior and In­ H.R. 4943 : Mr. HuGHES. AMENDMENTS sular Affairs. H.R. 4970: Mr. FITHIAN and Mr. FORD of By Mr. BROOKS (by request): Tennessee. Under clause 6 of ru1e XXIII, pro­ H. Res. 428. Resolution to disapprove Re­ H.R. 5048: Mr. BUTLER, Mr. DAN DANIEL, posed amendments were submitted as organization Plan No. 3, transmitted by the Mr. FISHER, Mr. TRIBLE, Mr. WHITEHURST, Mr. President on September 25, 1979; to the Com­ follows: PHILLIP BURTON, Mr. CARR, Mr. DOWNEY, Mr. mittee on Government Operations. H.R. 5359 GIBBONS, Mr. MAGUIRE, Mr. OTTINGER, Mr. RE­ By Ms. FERRARO: By Mr. KRAMER: GULA, Mr. RODINO, Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. SOLARZ, H. Res. 429. Resolution commending Pope -Page 62, after line 7, add the following Mr. STARK, Mr. UDALL, Mr. WoN PAT, Mrs. John Paul II, and welcoming him to the new section: SPELLMAN, and Mr. EDWARDS of Oklahoma. United States; to the Committee on Foreign SE:::. 776. None of the funds appropriated Affairs. H.R. 5114: Mr. SHUMWAY, Mr. BADHAM, Mr. by this Act may be used to reduce the per­ By Mr. MURPHY of New York: LENT, and Ms. FERRARO. £.onnel, support, or equipment levels at any H. Res. 430. Resolution to provide for the H.R. 5182: Mrs. BYRON, Mr. FISHER, and Mr. United States naval installation or facility further expenses of investigations and studies FAUNTROY. at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, or to reduce any to be conducted by the Committee on H .R. 5308: Mr. CORCORAN, Mr. FINDLEY, Mr. military functions which are primarily sup­ Merchant Marine and Fisheries; to the Com­ SOLOMON, Mr. TAUKE, Mr. VOLKMER, Mrs. ported by such installation or facility. mittee on House Administration. BOUQUARD, Mr. CLEVELAND, Mr. CHENEY, and By Mr. MILLER of California: Mr. NEAL. -Insert on page 62, after line 7, new Eection H.R. 5330: Mr. LOTT and Mr. BURGENER. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 776: H.J. Res. 68: Mr. AMBRO, Mr. ANNUNZIO, None of the funds appropriated under this Under clause 1 of ru1e XXII, Mr. BRODHEAD, Mr. BURGENER, Mr. JOHN L. Act may be used for chemical, biologic3.l or Mr. MITCHELL of New York presented a BURTON, Mr. CAMPBELL, Mr. DANIEL B. CRANE , radiological experiments on non-consenting bill (H.R. 5418) for the relief of Rev. Mr. DECKARD, Mr. ERLENBORN, Mr. ERTEL, Mr. civilian populations.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE NEED FOR AN OIL-SPILL dad and Tobago. Both ships were holed, need for prompt action on H.R. 85, a bill SUPERFUND-PART II creating a gigantic oil spill that only to provide a comprehensive system of lia­ chance took out to sea instead of onto bility and compensation for oil-spill the resort beaches so vital to the econ­ damage and removal costs. Had H.R. HON. JOHN M. MURPHY omy of the islands. The Atlantic Em­ 6803, the predecessor of H.R. 85, been OF NEW YORK press sank several days after the colli­ enacted into law last October, U.S. citi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sion, taking with her to the bottom the zens suffering damage from the Staten Wednesday, September 26, 1979 oil trapped in intact cargo tanks. She Island spill and the IXTOC I incident was the largest ship in history to sink. would now have quick and effective • Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. Most recently, in the first week of Au­ means to obtain compensation. Speaker, the urgency of problems asso­ gust, oil from the Mexican oil well H.R. 85 represents the distillation of ciated with oil pollution has been under­ IXTOC I, which suffered a blowout on several years of deliberations on this scored in recent weeks by several cas­ June 3, reached the waters and beaches matter by the Congress and by the ad­ ualties. of South Texas. The well has been dis­ ministration of three Presidents. The On June 30. the container ship Sea charging oil at a rate of 10,000 to 30,000 subject of an oil pollution superfund, in Speed Arabia ran aground off Staten barrels a day into the Gulf of Campeche. all its ramifications, has been thoroughly Island, resu1ting in the discharge of No end is in sight. By the time the well is studied, analyzed, and debated. The need 100,000 gallons of diesel oil that virtually capped and the oil disperses, the pollu­ for such a compensation system is abun­ surrounded Staten Island and polluted tion may well affect the waters and dantly clear. The time has now arrived­ the waters of upper and lower New York beaches of all the States on the Gull of indeed is overdue-for final legislative Bay. Beaches and parks were closed and Mexico, as well as the rich fishing decisions on an oilspill superfund, de­ marine life was damaged many miles grounds offshore. This situation was de­ cisions that should be made as rapidly as from the origin of the spill. scribed in more detail in my remarks ap­ procedures of the Congress and the press On July 19, the supertankers Aegean pearing in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of of other business will allow. Captain and Atlantic Empress collided September 19, 1979, at page 25440. This clear course of action shou1d not off the coasts of the island nation, Trini- These recent disasters emphasize the be allowed to become impeded by hurried

• This "bullet" symbol identtlies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26387 proposals to broaden the scope of an oil­ can have some indirect effect in prevent­ 'shortage. As noted economist Milton spill superfund to encompass other sub­ ing pollution from vessels and facilities, Friedman suggested in a June article, stances and other types of pollution that should not be viewed as its prin­ however, that is like blaming the ob­ probl~s. In this respect, the Committee cipal purpose. Environmental protection stetrician for the baby. on Merchant Marine and Fisheries has is best achieved by a direct attack on the Dr. Friedman goes on to explain in signified its clear intention to deal with root sources of pollution. the article how the Federal Government liability and compensation for pollution Such an approach is exemplified by decreed our energy bind, and how Gov­ discharges in a comprehensive way but in measures such as the Port and Tanker ernment can free us from that bind. He discrete legislative packages. Safety Act of 1978, the International also reminds us of the natural law of The administration earlier this year Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention supply and demand: When the price of submitted proposed legislation to provide Protocols of 1978, and the Coast Guard a product--any product--is low, short­ a comprehensive system of liability and regulations already published, which im­ ages are often created. When the price compensation for oil spill damage and plement the act and the protocols. These goes up, supplies increase. Then, of removal costs. As committee chairman, measures establish new high standards course, in a free market, when prices I introduced this proposal by request as for oil tankers, together with a strict en­ are allowed to seek their own levels, H.R. 3441. This bill was taken into ac­ forcement regime. In contrast, H.R. 85 is supplies are stable. count by the committee in its markup designed to facilitate cleanup and to I commend Dr. Friedman's article to of H.R. 85. Subsequently, after the com­ provide a ready remedy for those injured my colleagues, along with one written mittee had reported H.R. 85, the admin­ by oil pollution when it does occur, about the same time by M. Stanton istration submitted additional proposed despite strict preventive measures in Evans. They will be helpful in explain­ legislation. This proposal was more force. ing to the people we represent just who sweeping in its scope, subsuming the ad­ What we seek is legislation that will is responsible for our energy dilemma ministration's earlier proposal on oil, and provide adequate and timely relief for and what must be done to restore our adding detailed provisions to provide a those affected by oil pollution. This in­ energy independence. system of response, liability, and com­ cludes individuals harmed by oil pollution (From Newsweek magazine, Sept. 26, 1979] pensation for releases of hazardous sub­ from any source. It includes the Federal BLAMING THE OBSTETRICIAN stances and hazardous wastes-that is, Government, which uses its resources to (By Milton Friedman) chemical waste dumps. clean up the oil and restore the environ­ The explanations of the energy crisis and As committee chairman, I joined with ment to its prespill condition. And it gasoline shortage that gush forth from gov­ Chairman JoHNSON of the Committee on means State and local governments that ernment officials, newspaper reporters and Public Works and Transportation to in­ assist in cleanup and act in the capacity TV commentators are tantamount to blam­ troduce the new administration proposal of trustees for natural resources. ing the obstetrician for the baby. by request a.s H.R. 4566. A rapacious oil industry did not produce In this light of what the bill is and the gasoline shortage. Wasteful consumers Of course, my introduction of the bill what it is not, major features of H.R. by request does not signify my accept­ did not produce the gasoline shortage. Hard 85 fall into perspective. These features, winter did not produce the gasoline short­ ance of the bill's multiform contents or including Federal preemption provisions, age. Not even Arab sheiks produced the gas­ of its statutory configuration. Further, I limits of liability, and claims procedures, oline shortage. believe that H.R. 85 should not be de­ are the result of long and careful con­ After all, the oil industry has been around layed while we consider the plethora of sideration. The features mesh to form for a long time--and has always been rapa­ new issues raised by the administra­ sound, workable, and internally consist­ cious. Consumers have not suddenly be­ tion's "ultrafund" proposal. come wasteful. We have had hard winters ent legislation. H.R. 85 deserves wide before. Arab sheiks have desired wealth as That does not mean that our commit­ support as it moves through the legisla­ tee will not move ahead on hazardous far back as human memory runs. tive process leading to enactment. Why now? The subtle and sophisticated substances; in fact, the Subcommittee on people who fill the newspaper columns and Coast Guard and Navigation already has H.R. 85 is presently ·before the Com­ mittee on Fublic Works and Transpor­ the airwaves with such silly explanations held hearings on liability and compen­ of the gasoline shortage seem never to have sation aspects of hazardous substances tation. The Subcommittee on Water Re­ asked themselves the obvious question: why transported in the marine mode. We will sources has scheduled a hearing on the is it that for a century and more before give hazardous substances the same bill for later in this month. I look for­ 1971, there were no energy crises, no gaso­ searching and methodical scrutiny as ward to the results of the committee's line shortages, no problems about fuel oil­ formerly we have given oil. But, while consideration of the bill. I am sure that except during World War II? committees of pertinent jurisdiction con­ the close cooperation and mutual pur­ There is an energy crisis, there are gaso­ sider issues involved with hazardous sub­ pose that were enjoyed by the Commit­ line lines, for one reason and one reason stances and chemical waste dumps, let tee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries only. Because government has decreed that and the Committee on Public Works and there shall be. Of course, government has not us move rapidly and resolutely to pass done so openly. The President never sent a oilspill superfund legislation. The tough, Transportation while working together message to Congress asking it to legislate an long-term preparatory work has been on H.R. 6803 last session will continue energy crisis and long gasoline lines. But he done, and the matter is ripe for disposi­ in our joint efforts on H.R. 85. In con­ who says A must say B. The government, be­ tive legislative action. cert, our two committees can report to ginning with President Nixon on Aug. 15, the House a bill deserving prompt pas­ 1971, imposed maximum prices on crude oil, The concept behind H.R. 85 is simple gasoline at retail and other petroleum prod­ and straightforward. This bill would es­ sage by this body, and early and favor­ able consideration in the other body. ucts. And, unfortunately, the quadrupling tablish a comprehensive compensation of crude-oil prices by the OPEC cartel in and liability regime for oil pollution Events have demonstrated that we 1973 prevented those maximum prices from damage. It would streamline claim pro­ need this legislation. The Congress being abolished when all others were. Maxi­ cedures, claims to be made firstly against should respond accordingly .e mum legal prices for petroleum products­ the polluter and secondly against a back­ that is the key element common both to World War II and the period since 1971. up fund where the polluter refuses or is ENERGY BIND BY GOVERNMENT unable to pay or cannot be identified. It Economists may not know much. But we DECREE know one thing very well: how to produce would facilitate cleanup of oil pollution surpluses and shortages. by creating incentives for the polluter to Do you want a surplus? Have the govern­ act promptly and by providing a ready HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN ment legislate a minimum price that is above source of federally administered funds, OF ILLINOIS the price that would otherwise prevail. That less limited than now exists, for use by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is what we have done at one time or another Federal and State agencies in cases where to produce surpluses of wheat, of sugar, of the polluter does not institute satisfac­ Wednesday, September 26, 1979 butter, of many other commodities, and, tory cleanup measures. Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, when most tragically, of teen-age labor. The mini­ e mum wage is a legislated price above the A "superfund bill" should provide a talking about our energy bind, it is easy price that would otherwise prevail for the means to assure compensation where to blame the oil industry, or consumers, labor of many teen-agers. Like every mini­ only inadequate and fractional means or the Arab Sheiks. It is easy, too, to mum price, it enhances the amount supplied now exist. While superfund legislation blame them for this summer's gasoline and reduces the amount demanded, and so 26388 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 produces a surplus, in this case of unem­ It is no accident that the petroleum shortage that have forced conversion from coa.I and ployed teen-agers. has become a chronic problem in the Unit­ natural gas to oil and sta.lled development of Do you want a shortage? Have the govern­ ed States since the enactment of controls, nuclear power-forcing increased reliance on ment legislate a maximum price that is below although it had never been a problem before. petroleum---end the government "energy pro­ the price that would otherwise prevail. That The result of controls that hold the price gram" would seem to be complete. It's hard to is what New York City and, more recently, of a commodity bel_ow its market level is think of anything tha.t might have been done other cities have done for rental dwellings, twofold: to encourage consumption, and to to create the current shortage that the energy and that is why they all su1Ier or will soon discourage production. Needless to remark, planners have left undone.e sutfer from housing shortages. That is why that is a perfect formula for shortage. The there were so many shortages during World Mideast oil embargo and price manipulations Warn. That is why there is an energy crisis of the past few years are not the causes of and a gasoline shortage. this condition but symptoms of it. Having CLOSE UP PROGRAM There is one simple way to end the energy choked off our ability to produce, we are in­ crisis and the gasoline shortage tomorrow­ creasingly dependent on the Arabs. The oU and I mean tomorrow and not six months shieks have used our folly to their advantage; HON. LINDY BOGGS from now, not six years from now. Ellm1nate we have to pay what they demand for their OF LOUISIANA aill controis on the prices of crude oil and supplies because we have so eH'ecth,ely slowed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other petroleum products. The gasoline lines production of our own. would melt faster than the snows of winter. It is almost incredible when you think of Wednesday, September 26, 1979 Other misguided policies of government it, but the United States in the past five • Mrs. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, for many and the monopolistic behavior of the OPEC years-allegedly pursuing "Project Independ­ years now I have been an active booster cartel might keep petroleum products expen­ ence"-has become more reliant on Mideast of the Close Up Foundation. I believe sive, but they would not produce the disor­ oil than ever. Through most of the 1970's, ganization, chaos and confusion that we now in a. time of rising energy demand, U.S. crude very strongly in this program which pro­ confront. on production has been declining at a rate vides firsthand opportunities for our Gas would cost less: And, perhaps surpris­ of about 4 % a year. The gap between supply young people to learn about the political ingly, this solution would reduce the cost of and demand has to be made up by imports. process. I know that many other Mem­ gasoline to the consumer-the true cost. In 1973, before the government energy plan­ bers of Congress, particularly the gentle­ Prices at the pump might go up a few cents ners really hit their stride, we imported 35 % man from Kentucky Mr. PERKINS, the a gallon, but the cost of gasoline toda.y i,n­ of our on consumption needs. Now, with five gentleman from Minnesota Mr. FRENZEL cludes the time and gasoline wasted standing years of planning behind us, we import ap­ in line, and hunting for a gas station with proxlma.telv 48%-most of it from the Orga­ and the members of the Louisiana dele­ gas, plus the $10.8 billion annual budget of nization of Petroleum Exporting Countries gation share my enthusiasm as have the Department of Energy, which amounts to (OPEC) cartel. Senators BOB MORGAN and DAVE DUREN­ around 9 cents per gallon of gasoline. Not content with price controls as a BERGER in the other body. Why has this simple and foolproof solu­ method of creating shortage, the planners I must confess that I have been awed, tion not been adopted? So far as I can see, have laid on a crazy-qutlt of additional regu­ in the past, by the fine State and local for two basic reasons--<>ne, general, the lations that are supposed to make the situa­ Close Up programs that have been estab­ other, specific. To the despa.ir of every econo­ tion better, but in reality make it worse. One mist, it seems almost impossible for most such is the so-called "allocation" program, a lished and expanded in North Carolina, people other than trained economists to form of rationing designed to divide up the Minnesota and other areas. Today I am comprehend how a price system works. Re­ governrnent-created scarcity. Unfortunately, pleased to share with my colleagues the porters and TV commentators seem especially the allocations have been made on the basis news that the Close Up program is ex­ resistant to the elementary principles they of consumption patterns in 1972--<>r seven panding in New Orleans. A new civics supposedly imbibed in freshman economics. years ago (an approach not changed until Close Up program has been developed by Second, removing price controls would reveal March 1 of this year) . Areas that have ex­ the Orleans Parish school system in co­ that the emperor is naked-it would show perienced substantial growth in the interim, how useless, indeed harmful, are the activi­ such as Califor,nia., have therefore come up operation with the Close Up Foundation ties of James Schlesinger and his 20,000 em­ even shorter than would otherwise be the which I feel will add greatly to the ployees. It might even occur to someone how case. Hence the gas lines and attendant knowledge young people need today to much better otf we were before we had a De­ uproar. understand the workings of our demo­ partment of Energy. Add to this the "entitlement" program, in­ cratic system of government. tended to equalize costs among refiners. Sim­ I insert in the RECORD an article de­ (From National Review Bulletin] plified, the idea here is to have refiners with scribing this new program: access to low-priced domestic crude make AT HoME [From the New Orleans Times-Picayune, (By M. Stanton Evans) payments to those who must import. The ironic result is yet another service to the oil Sept. 16, 1979] Motorists of a conspiratorial turn of mind sheiks--forcing U.S. refiners to subsidze the CLASS CLOSE-UP LOOK AT CIVICS who think the recent shortage of gasoline sky-high Mideast prices (now around $18 a How does the federal government work? was contrived are basically correct. In fact, barrel) even though they don't partake of there Is no shortage of petroleum or other Hundreds of New Orleans public high Arab oil. As Professor Clay La Force of UCLA schoolers wm find answers to the question energy resources in the United States, at observes, "the entitlements program pays !or least not in the sense of natural depletion. through a credit course in civics that is being about one-fifth of the current . . . per barrel proposed by the social studies section of the As Representative Steve Symms (R., Idaho) OPEC price. Foreign sellers of crude oil have points out, we have, at current rates of con­ Orleans Parish School System for a curricu­ revenues increased by about $7 blllion per lum offering, probably next fall. sumption, "enough crude oil to last us for year; OPEC gets about $5.5 bHlion of this." 84 years. Enough nature! gas to last us for The course, now in its planning stage, is four hundred years. Enough coal to last us There are still other steps the government the first Civics-Close Up Program to be pre­ !or six hundred years. Enough oil shale to has taken to create the present problem, in­ sented by a local school district and wlll give last us for three hundred years. Enough cluding environmental controls preventing participants a full credit toward high school uranium to last us for 120 years. Enough construction of new refineries (none built in graduation requirements, says John A. Jones geothermal energy to last us for two hundred twenty years on the East Coast, only one na­ Jr., supervisor of social studies for the school years." tionwide in the past six years), mandated use system. of unleaded gas (which takes more petroleum With these reserves awaiting us, it should It is expected to serve as a model for other be obvious that we have no natural shortage. than leaded), a presidential cutback on gas production to step up the supply of fuel oil local school districts throughout the nation, From which it follows that our problems are says Jones, who is designing the course with man-made. The only error in the popular for next winter, and orders from Secretary of Energy James Schlesinger preventing spot Dr. Adams Koroma, assistant superintendent assumption of conspiracy 13 in identitymg for curriculum, and an advisory council com­ the culprit. It Is not the oil companies that purchase of crude oil on world markets this spring. posed of Councilman Sidney Barthelemy, have created the shortage, t>ut the Federal parents, teachers and students. Government. Since 1971, indeed, the govern­ On the last-named point the Washington ment has done everything in its power to Post observes: "Schlesinger hoped this would On Sept. 20 at Loyola University, the advi­ create the present shortfall of energy sup­ put dO'Wilward pressure on soaring profits. sory council will outline plans for including plies and virtually nothing to avoid it;. The effort failed, and the Administration now the course in the high school curriculum The basic error of federal pollcy was the is reversing its signals to the major oil com­ before a group of more than 200 business imposition of price controls. When the Nixon panies. Meanwhile, refiners say they wish and political leaders. price guidelines were lifted from everything they had more crude oil inventories and The Close Up Foundation of Washington, else in 1973, they were maintained on pe­ would now if Schlesinger had not coerced the D.C., program, which includes distribution of troleum products, including crude oil pro­ United States to bea.r the brunt of the crude printed materials and a one-week trip for duction and the pump price of gasoline (and, shortage." students to the nation's capitol, has been in for slightly different reasons, natural gas). Finally, add in the regulatory measures effect in New Orleans since 1971, but it has September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26389 not been an integral part of the public high Thursday's meeting at Loyola's Dana had the child sitting on the hood of his car, schools' civics curriculum, explains Jones. Center will give Jones, Dr. Koroma, the ad­ alive and well. Attracted out of their homes "Now we want a credit course for our visory council and Terry Judd of Washing­ by the commotion, neighbors Jack Pinson students," says the administrator, who be­ ton, D.C., community coordinator for the and Mr. and Mrs. Mike Rector, assisted Mike lieves that a better understanding of the national foundation, opportunity to explain in removing the candy from the child's role of the federal government is essential to the intent of the school system. mouth. better citizenship. "We'll be asking for assistance in helping The baby, Sara Peterson, is the daughter "How can we expect our students to vote the new program reach its full potential," of Mr. and Mrs. Steve Peterson.e intelligently, to read about issues concerning says Jones, who points out that some lOth business and labor, and to listen to national and 12th grade students may join in the leaders when young people are so far re­ Washington trip but they will not be a part REPRESENTATIVE MORGAN MUR­ moved from learning experiences of seeing of the full-credit civics class. PHY COMMENTS ON "GRAYMAIL" and studying the sites of the executive, "Our teachers who have participated in judicial and legislative branches which affect past Close Up experiences will assist in serv­ their life?" he asks. ing as initial teacher coordinators and in HON. PAUL SIMON "And how can we expect pride to grow aiding other participating civics teachers," OF ILLINOIS he notes. when very few of our students ever have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the opportunity to meet federal leaders face­ The class begins in an election year which to-face?·" he questions. should make the experience of learning Wednesday, September 26, 1979 Jones came up with a way to combine the about the federal government in detail "es­ Close Up trip to Washington with a one­ pecially meaningful to our students," says • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, our col­ semester civics class at every high school, Jones, who cites that Johns Hopkins Uni­ league from Chicago, MORGAN MURPHY, with participants signing up for the course versity, Baltimore, also is offering an in­ recently had some comments on the edi­ well in advance. service course on the undergraduate and torial page of the Chicago Tribune. graduate levels for interested teachers na­ It is this new Close Up and civics lin!· What MORGAN MURPHY talks about and which he and his advisers want to explain tionwide, giving both credit and tuition talks about with good commonsense, is to the business and political community to waivers to those who want to become part of the Close Up program.e the problem of "graymail." solicit ideas and to seek financial support in Whether Congress accepts the Biden the form of scholarships. In meetings last spring and during th(' version, the Rodino version, or the Mur­ summer, the advisory council met to outline YOUTH CITED FOR LIFE-SAVING phy version, what our colleague tells us a suggested curriculum. ACTION makes a great deal of sense. Every high school, says Jones, will have a The article follows: selected social studies teacher who will co­ TRIALS CAN BE HELD WITHOUT RISKING ordinate the program designed for 550 high HON. KENT HANCE NATIONAL SECURITY OF TEXAS school students, primarily at the 11th grade (By Rep. MORGAN MURPHY) level. These teachers will work with classes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES limited to 25 students. This summer I introduced legislation Precise guidelines are being developed Wednesday, September 26, 1979 aimed at dealing with the growing problem of "graymail." Graymail refers to a criminal such as requirements for students and writ­ • Mr. HANCE. Mr. Speaker, I would like ten student-parent or guardian commitment defendant's threat at his trial to demand O!' to call to the attention of the House an disclose classified materials that he claims next spring for the 1980 fall semester. incident in my home 19th Congressional Students will be required to raise money would exonerate him. While this sensitive in­ for their trips through jobs or through schol­ District in Texas in which the quick ac­ formation often bas no relevance to the is­ arships based on merit and need. tion of a young man saved the life of an sues of the case, the government must fre­ quently drop its prosecution for fear that They also will be required to read and infant. The youth displayed tremendous courage and poise under pressure and I the disclosure of the documents will harm study in depth the special materials being the national security. (Government prosecu­ prepared for them on various facets of t. feel he deserves the recognition for his tors have dubbed the defendant's action federal government and its jurisdiction. action by the Congress of the United "graymail" because they view it as a pres­ "Ci vies students today do study about th-: States. The young man's name is Dale sure-tactic similar to "blackmail."] federal government," says Jones, "but n~· Sides of Brownfield, Tex., and the follow­ Graymail bas occurred not only in the in the same intensive way as the method we ing is an excerpt from the Brownfield prosecution of persons alleged to be spies, are preparing for this special class. but in cases involving break-ins and mail "We want our students who're going to News which details his life-saving action. SIDES Is RECOMMENDED FOR MEDAL OF MERIT openings by intelligence agents, the bribing get a close-up look at Washington to be of foreign officials by U.S. corporations, and equipped with proper knowledge and skills A local Boy Scout who has undergone first the giving of false testimony to Congress and to be able to digest, discuss and apply aid training and CPR, will be recommended about U.S. intelligence activities abroad. It their observations on returning to school. for the Boy Scouts of America's Meritorious has even figured in murder and narcotics We want them to get involved in the Action Award, Medal of Merit for his actions trials. course," adds Jones. in saving the life of a 14 month old infant Without a procedural mechanism to bal­ It's not just visiting Washington. May 28. ance the interests of national security with "We're emphasizing the interrelationship Mike Sides, 17 year old son of Mr. and Mrs. the interests of justice, the prosecution of of the three branches of governznent Dale Sides of 1301 S. Pecos, was home alone these kinds of cases will continue to be through the inquiry method," the super­ at about 6:30p.m. Monday, May 28, when he hindered or prevented altogether. visor notes, commenting that "investiga­ heard someone pounding on his door. By the tion wlll also be directed toward the impact To minimize the government's disclose­ time Mike answered the door, a young neigh­ or-dismiss dilemma, intelligence officials, of non-government organizations on gov­ bor girl, Denean Pool, had already left the ernmental activity and the decision-making prosecutors, and civil libertarians-whose Side's door and was running down the side­ views often clash on this type of issue-got process." walk. Jones believes that once students are together to formulate a response. As a result, aware of the activities of the federal gov­ Mike called to her and asked what she the bill I have introduced has the general ernment and the infiuence of the Republi­ wanted. Denean told Mike to "Come quick! support of the Justice Department and the can form established by the Constitution She's choking! She's dying! At that time the American Civil Liberties Union. It is in­ and based on the Social Contract theory, girl's sister, Delaine came running out of tended to prevent illegitimate graymail with­ they are bound to become more interested their house across the street carrying a baby out infringing on a person's right to de­ in their rights of input into the process. in her arms. Mike and Delaine met in the mand relevant information for his defense. He also believes that the new Civics-Close middle of the street and the girl handed The bill would require a criminal de­ Up program will play a role in the New Mike the baby, shouting, "She's dying!" fendant to notify the court and the govern­ Orleans community. Calling upon training he bad received as ment of all motions and arguments requir­ "As our students demonstrate their un­ part of his Scouting activities, Mike per­ ing the disclosure of classified information. derstanding of a democracy in written and formed the Heimlich Maneuver on the child, Then, at a closed, pretrial hearing-with oral class presentations throughout the which started the child coughing and forced defense and prosecution present to make semester, they will take more interest in a small piece of candy out of the child's their arguments about the need for such political issues at the local and state levels, throat. The Heimlich Maneuver is a method disclosure-the court would rule on the ad­ too," says Jones. used to dislodge objects in a choking victim's missib111ty and relevancy of the information. "Hopefully," he says, "they'll develop an throat by pressing on the abdomen, forcing (The bill would not alter the existing stand­ appreciation and respect for our form of air out the victim's throat to dislodge the ards for determining relevance or admissi­ government, a tolerance for opinions which foreign object. bility. 1 differ from their own, and a reliance to ac­ Mike told the girls to call an ambulance, Once the judge made this ruling, the cept responsibility of citizenship." but by the time the ambulance arrived, Mike government could decide whether to pursue 26390 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 the prosecution. In some instances, if the Politico-Military Affairs during the 1962 ships in the 1962 crisis. Attack submarines trial judge determined that the defendant's Cuban missile crisis, has penned a can threaten the U.S. shipping of supplies to rights would not be injured, the court order superb analysis of these superficial argu­ our allies in Europe. It provides important that a specific item of classified material be intelligence and communication facilities replaced by a summary of the information. ments. He shows exactly why we should and airfields which can handle bombers, If the judge rules that the classified infor­ be concerned. military transports and fighters. mation is admissible and may not be sum­ I urge all of my colleagues to read Viewed in a broader perspective, the drama marized, and if the government stlll objects Mr. Weiss' comments, published in the unfolding in Cuba was predictable. The So­ to disclosure on national security grounds, September 19, 1979, issue of the Wall viets have been taking "salami slices" in the court could dismiss the indictment. Street Journal: Cuba for years. Soviet submarines of almost The judge would also be allowed under the every type including diesels with ballistic bill to take action short of dismissal, such as TAKING SALAMI SLICES IN CUBA missiles have visited Cuba. Only nuclear subs dismissing certain counts of the indictment (By Seymour Weiss) with balUstic missiles have not viSited Cuba. of prohibiting the testimony of certain gov­ Why are Soviet ground forces in Cuba and Soviet Bear Bombers configured as recon­ ernment witnesses. how should the U.S. react? naissance aircraft have fiown intelligence For its part, the government would be One hears rationalizations reminiscent of gathering missions out of Cuba. Soviet­ required to provide the defendant with pre­ those advanced by a minority during the flown MIGs have long been in Cuba and now trial notice of the evidence and witnesses Cuban missile crisis, i.e., that the Soviet the Soviet ground combat forces. While the it intends to use to challenge the defendant's troop presence is no serious threat to the administration strains to explain away this arguments based on the classified informa­ U.S. The enormous political and military growing Soviet presence it is simultaneously tion. consequences associated with this Soviet cutting U.S. naval and amphibious forces In the event that the Justice Department presence are subordinated to the simplistic which would be stretched thin in a major decides to drop a prosecution, it would have view that 3,000 Soviet troops could not in­ conflict even without having to deal with a to spell out in writing its reasons for doing vade the United States. Another superficial Soviet base in Cuba. so to members of the House and Senate In­ argument is that the U.S. has no ground for We have tolerated thes~ salami-slicing tac­ telligence Committees. complaint since we have forces stationed in tics apparently on the grounds that the The purpose of this provision is not to sec­ Europe. This view conveniently overlooks the agreement reached at the culmination of the ond-guess prosecutorial decisions, but to en­ fact that: 1962 missile crisis only precluded the So­ sure that the classified material being pro­ The U.S. is an insular power separated by viets from stationing "offensive" forces in tected is vital to the national security and 3,000 miles of ocean from its major· allies Cuba. But President Kennedy also made not simply embarrassing to the government. against whom the Soviets have massed an clear at the conclusion of the missile crisiS The closed, pretrial hearing would differ enormous military threat. Conversely the that Cuba could not be used "for the export substantially from the closed hearings re­ U.S. is not threatening Cuba (it seems only of aggressive Communist purposes." What cently approved by the Supreme Court as a has happened to that principle? yesterday that Carter sought to normali~c way to protect defendants from prejudicial relations) . We should harbor no illusions: As Soviet publicity. As the New York Times correctly U.S. forces in NATO are not training military power grows and as U.S. power con­ observed: "Legislation to combat graymail Europeans to foment revolution around the tinues to decline, a continued reaching out would result in more public trials, not fewer. world. of Soviet influence is to be expected. To The choice is between a closed hearing that Americans, events in Angola, the Horn of may permit a trial to take place, and no Both sides' major alliances are an accepted Africa, Afghanistan and South Yemen may hearing or trial at all." part of the status quo while this introduc­ well seem remote and unrelated to U.S. in­ Currently there are three bills before Con­ tion of Soviet troops is one in a series of terests. But those events were simply a fore­ gress aimed at curbing the graymail prob­ Soviet attempts to challenge the existing runner to what we are now seeing in Cuba. lem. Besides my own, two bills have been status quo. Soviet bases which threaten the vital Per­ introduced--one by Sen. Joseph Eiden (D., How then does one explain the Soviet sian Gulf oil lifeline and bases in Cuba are Del.) of the Senate Intelligence Committee, action? part of a larger pattern. and one by Rep. Peter Rodino [D., N.J.], who First, the presence of Soviet troops re­ The Soviets have made their purposes quite is sponsoring the Justice Department's pro­ leases Cuban forces to support Communist clear. They intend to extend their influence, posal. Though there are some substantive revolutions around the world. Some tens of if not their hegemony, as far as their mili­ differences between the bills, all reflect the thousands of Cubans are overseas. By insu­ tary power will permit. What is new is that general agreement worked out by intelligence lating Cuba from a possible U.S. reaction, they apparently judge their power sufficient officials, prosecutors, and civil libertarians. Soviet forces make it possible for Cuban to permit movement to within 90 miles of While graymail abuses cannot be com­ troops to pose even greater challenges for the U.S. coast. pletely eliminated, the proposals before Con­ U.S. interests in the Middle East, Africa and It was inevitable that SALT would be re­ gress will go a long way toward reducing the elsewhere. Indeed it frees Cuban military lated to the Cuban problem. Unfortunately problem. Passage of such legislation will rep­ forces for intervention within the Western the issue is being posed inappropriately. resent an important step in holding law­ Hemisphere itself. Warnings are advanced that there is no breakers accountable to the rule of law, while THE CASUALTY CONCERN chance for SALT passage if the brigade is protecting the national security and Ameri­ As director of the State Department's Of­ not withdrawn. Is one to imply that con­ can civilliberties.e fice of Politico-Military Policy (later re­ versely SALT should be passed if tJhe Soviets named) during the Cuban missile crisis. I oblige us by removing their troops? And w111 helped develop a contingency plan for an air advocates of SALT as a fully verifiable SOVIET TROOPS IN CUBA-WHERE attack against missile sites in the event that treaty-from "the first day," the President DO WE DRAW THE LINE? the naval quarantine failed to force the So­ said-explain how 3,000 Soviet troops went viets to withdraw their missiles from Cuba. undetected or unreported for so many years, One concern of U.S. policymakers was that if indeed that was the case? HON. DANIEL B. CRANE such an attack would inevitably result in The administration has refused to recog­ OF ILLINOIS casualties to Soviet forces. Although U.S. nize any linkage between Soviet international misbehavior and SALT. Henry Kissinger has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES policymakers were prepared if necessary to accept the inevitability of Russian casualties, pointed out the absurdity of this position. Wednesday, September 26, 1979 they did so with reluctance. Now that the The long trail of Soviet international trouble­ world-wide military balance is changing in making, which Cuba serves only to under­ e Mr. DANIEL B. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, favor of the U.S.S.R., how much stronger line, makes it clear that there is presently I have recently heard people argue that would be the reluctance to launch an at­ no basis for entering into a solemn treaty since the United States has overseas tack against Cuba with thousands of Soviet with the U.S.S.R. on so vital a matter as bases, the presence of Soviet combat troops present? strategic arms. troops in Cuba is the equivalent situa­ Another role which these Soviet forces WHERE DO WE DRAW THE LINE? tion. fill is to prop up Castro. Under the Brezhnev If bbe administration does not act vigor­ Another argument raised in some Doctrine the Soviets assert a right to inter­ ously, it is a certainty that the Soviet bri­ quarters is that the 3,000 armed Soviet vene in the affairs of "socialist" states. Cas­ gade will be just another slice of the salami. tro has stated Soviet forces in Cuba are Larger ground forces, more aircraft, doubt­ troops represent no danger to the United equipped to join Cuban forces "in defense" less supported by significant naval forces and States, as this force is far too small to of the country. In 1963 Kennedy said "we naval bases, are in prospect. If, as some are mount an invasion. would not accept a Hungary in CUba; the use rationalizing, the 3 ,000 combat troops are Both of these are simplistic rationali­ of Soviet troops against Cubans" to sup­ no threat to the U.S., what is the level of zations for accepting overt Soviet port Castro was unacceptable. What is our Soviet force which justifies a challenge? If aggression. position today? President Kennedy had procrastinated at the Finally, Cuba offers a strategically located time of the Cuban Missile Crisis, those mis­ Seymour Weiss, the former Director of base to the U.S.S.R. It threatens the Panama siles would still be in Cuba, modernized and the State Department's Bureau of Canal, through which the U.S. moved 25 war- increased in numbers. September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26391 The U.S. should insist on immediate with­ ment officials. In recent years, the volume of hear the phrase 'uncontrollable spending' drawal of all Soviet combat forces, ground, words has been matched only by the volume when the federal or state budget is being dis­ air and naval from Cuba.. of tax dollars flowing into government coffers cussed. What that really means is spending Would the Soviets accede to our demands to fund a corpulent bureaucracy and social mandated by some previous statute which as tlhey did in 1962? Some think not. If that programs spending this country into bank­ g<>vernment accepts as unchangeable. There is the case, all the more reason that we draw ruptcy. And if you add the political hot air is no government program which should be the line now. One positive result might be to the hot water this country is in, couple exempt from constant review and cancella­ to help generate a new political consensus that with our seizure of inaction, then it's tion if common sense indicates it is not about our foreign and security policy require­ going to be a scalding experience soon for worth its cost to the taxpayer." Unquote. A ments. As Senator Nunn has said in a dif­ everyone-whether in the pay line, the gas recent government economic report that in­ ferent context, there is evidence that we have line or the welfare line. And one thing is cer­ flation could be solved in 18 years is tacit been tranquilized to the point where U.S. tain, unless we act to free ourselves of gov­ admission that government can't control its military budgets no longer provide for de­ ernment constraints, there won't be a short­ own voracious appetite; like an acknowl­ fense of our national interests. The Sena­ age of lines ! edged junkie whose fix is another tax dollar. tor's view seems borne out by our demon­ In past years, business and government By comparison, President Eisenhower solved strated impotence 90 miles from our shore. leaders at this forum frequently have spoken an inflation crisis in 18 months-after he The wistful, manifestly unfulfilled hope of "golden opportunity and personal chal­ severely cut back federal government spend­ that the U.S. can anticipate significant coop­ lenge" to heal a variety of national and state ing. The precedent exists, but the political eration with the U.S.S.R. under a. policy of ills. In light of conditions today, those words will doesn't and that may be the most serious detente must be reassessed in tlhe light of ring hollow, and I intend ·to break with a tra­ threat to the future of America. Soviet actions such as those in Cuba.e dition that has neither instilled a vision nor The resurrection of capitalism is crucially prompted sufficient action among the lead­ linked to solving America's energy problems ers of business gathered under this roof. and policy deficiency. I, for one, am not THE TIME TO RESURRECT America is now reeling under a series of deluded that the current shortage and de­ CAPITALISM blows that threaten to bring us down to de­ pendency on foreign oil isn't real. A Mobil feat and despair. Staggered by the energy Oil Corporation white paper called the "Dan­ shortage and the combination of unchecked gerous Decade" put the facts into focus, HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT inflation, an anarchy of over-regulation and "Our America of 1979 is a handcuffed giant, OF CALIFORNIA irresponsible government spending, the cap­ blessed with an abundance of potential italistic foundation we've built this nation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES energy resources that will take years of hard on threatens to disappear and take the re­ and costly effort to make usable. Meanwhile, Wednesday, September 26, 1979 public with it. I'm telling you nothing new, frustrating delays in the formulation of a ra­ nothing you haven't heard on radio, televi­ tional and comprehensive national energy e Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, too sion or in the papers. However, rational an­ policy have increased U.S. dependence on for­ often we hear the voice of woe and de­ alysis and cool deliberation-unless coupled eign oil, making our nation ever more hostage spair dwelling on the failings of our eco­ with action-is a formula for inaction and a to foreign countries. This so outrages many nomic system. It is a false voice, for it disastrous policy when everyday citizens Americans that they find it hard to adapt does not address the many blessings and have lost faith and confidence in the mech­ to the changed situation and look instead strengths of our system. anisms that run the country. The polls tell for someone to blame for the passing of cheap the story in blacker tones with each passing and abundant energy." To my mind, placing In fact, of course, the free enterprise day, but I don't need surveys to tell me how system has delivered for the United blame is counterproductive. Everyone of us I feel as I see the business I've worked a life­ must shoulder our share of the burden until, States the most productive, bountiful time to build threatening to slip through my by the force of our demands, we pull our economy in the world's history. It has hamstrung fingers for the second time within country back from the brink of democracy's produced a standard of living for a decade. I'm tired of words and inaction. I demise. And don't let anyone tell you that America's working men and women know it's time to resurrect capitalism. the effects of the energy shortage are limited which is, frankly, unparalled. Almost no one would argue that one of the to the users of gasoline and heating oil. -A It is my belief, however, that we do in­ underlying causes of inflation, which is rid­ California Chamber poll of business last April dling the economic stability of America, is asked the pointed question: Are energy sup­ deed face an economic crisis if we con­ government spending. Former Secretary of tinue on our present course of stifling ply problems having an adverse impact on the Treasury, William Simon, in his book, your business today? Fifty-four percent an­ the free market system. Unless we A Time for Truth, noted, and I quote, swered "yes" and, of those, seven percent change our ways, we will kill the golden "It took us a hundred and seventy-one years indicated they were being forced out of busi­ goose. The system which has benefited to get a federal budget of a hundred billion ness, with the rest citing delayed expansion us so much will cease to function. dollars a year. That was 1960. Within nine and operational cutbacks as effects of the Recently, Mr. Gordon Van Vleck, years, we had reached two hundred billion shortage. That's not competition forcing bus­ president of the california Chamber of dollars and four years later gone over three inesses to close, that's an artificial situation Commerce, delivered an address which hundred billion dollars. And two years from which is tampering with the ebb and flow of now, if present trends are not reversed, we free enterprise dynamics. forecfully argues the case for a strong will reach four hundred billion dollars. The free enterprise system. The title of his When faced with a problem, businessmen very existence of our free economy depends leave no stone unturned in building a solu­ thought-provoking speech is "The Time on getting government spending under con­ tion. Unfortunately, the leadership of this to Resurrect Capitalism." It is an impor­ trol." Unquote. country sees fit to erect a whole host of bar­ tant message for America's leaders as As sobering as that prediction was, it could riers to possible solutions. In recent weeks well as her public. not hold a candle to reality. Simon gave us right here in California, we have been dan­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to share this until 1980 to reach that bloated state, but gerously close to demanding more electricity message with my colleagues: recent newspaper accounts tell us that Con­ than we can generate. And yet we have such gress trimmed $6 billion from President Car­ projects as New Melones and Diablo Canyon THE TIME TO RESURRECT CAPITALISM ter's proposed budget and set a "target" that are completed and ready to go and yet (Remarks by Gordon Van Vleck) budget of $532 billion for fiscal year 1980. they can't be brought on line. It's a shame Secretary Kreps, Governor Brown, mem­ The rate of our descent is much faster than political necessity has to stand in the way of bers of the Host Committee, honored guests. Simon foresaw. A balanced federal budget is oil deregulation, energy development invest­ There is a time for every speech, and I think an accounting nicety, but it won't solve our ment programs and a consistent national it's time for this one. It's time someone took inflation woes; only a real dollar reduction policy. The President did not propose tapping off the gloves and said some things which can do that. private industry and proven technology to need saying. These essence of my talk is sim­ What angers me the most about this spi­ alleviate our energy problems. Instead, he ple: America is on the ropes and we'd better raling inflation is the framework of ec<>­ proposed creation of two new government roll up our shirt sleeves and set about get­ nom.ic unreality in which the government agencies and the imposition of $142 billion ting this country back on track. I know of no chooses to operate. As a consumer and busi­ in new taxes. I know . .. you know . .. gov- better antidote than a strong dose of plain, ne~sman, my economic decisions are based ernment leaders know ... what has to be old-fashion capitalism. on the steely-eyed necessity of what I can done, but a collective lack of will prevents it. I'm not one to mince words. That has been afford, not on how much I can go in the hole. Sixty-one years ago, Winston Churchill the brand on my year as president of the I stretch my available resources to the break­ laid the problem out in its baldest terms, California Chamber, and I still have five ing point and yet, after government does "The times are hard and rough, and every months left to speak out on issues that mat­ that, it blindly looks for new ways to spend man and every woman must choose their part ter to me. Americans and businessmen-you money it doesn't have. It creates its own and play it with all their might. Personal in the audience-are getting a raw deal, both credit; it should concentrate on creating interests, party interests, class interests, sec­ abroad and at home. This country runs on some creditability! Governor Ronald Reagan tional interests-all these will have to take money generated by free enterprise, not dia­ hit the nail on the head when he told those second place to national interests if we are logue produced by politicians and govern- of you here in 1974, and I quote, "We often to get 'round the corner without disaster." CXXV--1660-Part 20 26392 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 I'm not going .to suggest to you the truth of on government growth and give business with extremely high coverage 11mits the this assessment; if you can't see it for your­ time to reassert the values and rewards of adoption on some states of public catas­ self, you're just so much deadweight the capitalism. I urge you to support it with trophic health insurance plans, and country can't afford to carry. This can be the your dollars and then help get out the vote Whereas, the introduction of several catas­ showcase for a resurrection of capitalism; on November 6th. trophic health insurance bills in the United turning the energy industry loose to insure The second step is to change the face of States Congress is a sign of this increased America's energy stab111ty and independence. government itself. If we do this, put re­ concern, and And that means severing the regulatory sponsible people in government, people who Whereas, a large percentage of people are shackles government has erected through the understand the need to resurrect capitalism, residents of nursing homes for 6 months or decades. then the obstacles to its rebirth will be re­ longer, at a large cost of money, and ap­ Regulation is a major cause of capitalism's moved before America is past the point of proximately 50 percent of that cost is paid stagnate condition. It is the sole reason for no return. Business dabbling in politics has directly by consumers and t he growth of government as we know it generally been a taboo, though our visiblllty Whereas, residents of nursing homes have today. Having government protect us from in fighting them on their own ground has moderate incomes and the expense is large, ourselves may be an overworked cliche, but heightened considerably in the past two not only in absolute terms, but also relative I've met enough bureaucrats in my day to years. I'm not talking about "dabbling" ... to income, and know that the "protection racket" is the I 'm talking wholesale change. Change with­ Whereas, Congress has not come to any biggest game in town. out political labels, change that holds to decision, admitting that National Health Regulation stifles opera.tions, boosts costs one and only one credo-capitalism can do Insurance is in a state of confusion, and through the entire manufacturing-selling the job. Whereas, consumers have three major cycle, and interrupts the capitalistic dynam­ Not overnight, but soon enough, a re­ sources of assistance in meeting the cost of ics of supply and demand. Wbe11e are the in­ sponsive government could chuck the ma­ health care: private insurance, public pro­ centives to develop new resourdes and build jority of its regulatory functions, and by grams, and tax subsidies, and new plants? Where are the incentives to trimming back government spending, eese Whereas, collectively, these sources sig­ bring a less expensive item to the market­ inflation and spur free enterprise growth. nificantly reduce the percent of medical place and capture a greater share of con­ The job is not easy, in fact, it will take peo­ expenses that are paid directly by the con­ sumer demand, when wa.tchdogs are peering ple of incredible courage, people of rock solid sumer, but problems still remain, and over your shoulder, giving directions, every commitment. Our task is to find them, and Whereas, coverage is uneven in that many step of the way? Nowhere, that's where I put them in office to shoulder the burden of consumers are totally without either public A recent congressional Joint Economic resurrecting our capitalistic society. I have or private protection; certa.in services are Committee report stated, "Inflation is the faith we can do it. excluded from coverage; some insurance real problem, regulation is a •major cause of Finally, I have this to say: America, you plans do not adequately cover high medical inflation, and the nation's economic malaise and I , would best be served if government expenses; and tax subsidies do not effectively st ems from an inadequate supply of goods got off our backs. And if they don't, the day assist lower income persons or familles, and rather than from excess! ve consumer de­ will come when, by necessiqy, they are Whereas, the lack of adequate basic insur­ mand. What this means is that if business thrown off. The choice is theirs now, only ance coverage for almost one-third of fami­ is given the proper incentives, productivity because we put it in terms of choice, and lies and persons with incomes below the will rise and prices will go down." Simple. not an ultimatum. national median and the failure of both Neat. And true. But the chances for getting Thankyou.e the public and private health insurance the proper incentives through the 96th Con­ programs to cover types of services results gress and the White House are less than in two kinds of catastrophic out-of-pocket optimistic. The anarchy of regulation touch­ FLORIDA SILVER HAIRED LEGISLA­ expenses; the cost of long term care for the es every facet of American life; a smother­ TURE'S CATASTROPHlC ILLNESS aged and average or normal expenses that ing web of confusion, disorder and cross­ INSURANCE PLAN consume an unreasonable proportion of low­ purpose. I can cite you chapter and verse income families' resources, and on outrageous statistics, but even that is Although Medicare may cover a large por­ part of t he overall bureaucratic conspiracy­ HON. DAN MICA tion of hospital costs incurred, people of all protection from the government itself. OF FLORIDA ages can experience high out-of-pocket The size of the problem is enormous. The expenses for non-hospital services, and the visible federal spending to run the regula­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES results can be "catastrophic." tory agencies has zoomed from $745 million Wednesday, September 26, 1979 Be It Resolved by the Silver-Haired Legis­ in 1970 to $4.8 billion this fiscal year. Com­ lature of the State of Florida: pliance is the other side of the coin. During • Mr. MICA. Mr. Speaker, it is my pleas­ this year, American business and industry ure to present to the Congress the That the Silver-Haired Legislature of the will spend upwards of $100 billion to com­ Florida Silver Haired Legislature's Me­ State of Florida does hereby make applica­ ply, report and process government regula­ tion to the Congress of the Uni.ted States to morial No. 97. Each year representatives provide protection against catastrophic ill­ tions. That means at a cost of $500 per per­ from all over the State of Florida are son in this country. Talk about hidden ness for United States citizens of all ages. taxes! elected to participate in the Silver Be it further resolved that the Congress of In terms of capital formation, productiv­ Haired Legislature in Tallahassee. the United States provide appropriation for ity, new jobs, and innovation, government This year, the chairman of the Palm such protection, and be it further resolved regulation is slowly and grindingly snuffing Beach County delegation to the legis­ that the Congress of the United States estab­ out the candle of capitalism. It is my firm lature, Mr. David I. Cohen, introduced lish an effective date therefor.e conviction that it must be stopped. The deli­ tJhe following memorial regarding a cat­ cate relationship of a government serving astrophic illness insurance proposal for its people versus people serving the govern­ BALTIC DISSIDENTS DEMAND SELF­ people of all ages. I have already con­ DETERMINATION ment has been dangerously tipped. To tacted the House Subcommittee on strengthen the flame of capitalism, we must act to shed the burden of regulation. Health and the Environment regarding Steps are being taken by a few con­ this memorial and take this opportunity HON. MICHAEL D. BARNES cerned citizens who haven't been misled. to share it with all Members of Congress. OF MARYLAND While the phenomenon of Propos! tion 13 With the President submitting his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was the voice of angry taxpayers, its sub­ national health insurance proposal to conscious foundations ran to a much deeper the Congress this month, I urge my col­ Wednesday, September 26, 1979 !ear-government is not responsible, and leagues to look at all proposals which • Mr. BARNES. Mr. Speaker, on August to save the republic, we must seize our pow­ would bring needed health care to Amer­ 24, 1979, a group of 45 citizens from er back. Well, an angry gest ure at the polls icans. I feel this memorial deserves the may have been the first blow, but a combina­ Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia appealed tion is needed now and in 1980. attention of the entire Congress and to the Soviet Union, East and West Ger­ Americans and Californians must continue submit it to you for your consideration: many, and the United Nations for self­ to rectify past polit ical abuses by changing MEMORIAL No. 97 determination for the Baltic republics, the law through the elect ion process. As A memorial to the Congress of the United asserting that their lands were annexed always, the heart of the problem is money.. States relating to catastrophic illnesses; pro­ illegally under the 1939 nonaggression Now that Proposition 13 short ened the sup­ viding catastrophic illness protection for pact between Nazi Gennany ,and the ply, the second approach needs t o be imple­ residents of all ages; providing appropria­ Soviet Union. mented, structuring the allocat ion of that tion; providing an effective date. to supply. That's where Paul Gann's Spirit of Whereas, public concern over what has They chose that particular day issue 1 3 spending limitation initiative comes in. been popularly termed catastrophic health their statement to Westem reporters As Proposition 4 on the November ballot, care costs has increased in recent years, and since it was the 40th anniversary of the the Spirit of 13 will put an additional leash Whereas, the growth of private insurance pact that swept the formerly indepen- September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26393 dent Baltic States under the domination even this paltry sum would be denied the ception that goes for a touchdown. So, we of the Soviet Union. Aleut people. will absolutely not permit our team to throw Mr. Speaker, it is unconscionable that any forward passes. Andrei Sakharov and other Soviet dis­ Fairness! In debate we are fair. We want sidents as well as official monitors of the this well-heeled special interest group fairness for football games too. So our oppo­ Helsinki human rights accords supported has the audacity to remove the sole nents are to be told what play we are run­ the statement of the Baltic citizens. source of employment of a group of ning and where we are going to run it. But, in the past month, there has been American citizens and at the same time Well, the debating team went on to tell no further word of these Baits in the open our North Pacific fur seal popu­ the principal about their demands. They news media. Why are they silent? Have lation to destruction at the hands of argued with the principal and the principal foreign nations who would be happy to argued back. But who is going to win an they been arrested? Imprisoned? argument with the debating team? So the Mr. Speaker, I am hopeful that public resume pelagic sealing. While I respect principal lost. The principal told the new attention will continue to be focused on the gentleman from New York's (Mr. rules to our coach the night before the tJhe fate of this group so that they will WoLFF) desire to protect the fur seals, game. be protected from harm in their pursuit he is barking up the wrong tree. I urge The coach fainted. He was revived and then of self -determination.• you to refrain from sponsoring his bill he argued. He lost the argument and was (H.R. 5033) and work instead to extend fired. The teacher of the debate team, Ms. the existing treaty which protects our Dogood, replaced the coach. NORTH PACIFIC FUR SEALS seals.• BEHIND, 98-0 Now it's Friday afternoon. It is fourth HON. DON YOUNG quarter, two minutes left to play, and the BLAME THE GOVERNMENT game is almost over. We are behind a little: OF ALASKA 98-0. All the students in the grandstand IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are asking: "Why aren't our boys trying? What's going on? Oan we win? Do we have Wednesday, September 26, 1979 HON:. RON PAUL OF TEXAS any chance? Can we possibly win during • Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, this last two minutes?" many members have received an infor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES No way! No way! Even if you took all the Wednesday, September 26, 1979 restrictions off, our team cannot make 99 mation package from the Friends of points in the last two minutes The story is Animals which alledgedly reports on the • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, Dr. John J. senseless. But I've seen it happen. Exactly Pribilof Island seal harvest. Other Mem­ McKetta, professor of chemical engi­ that kind of story but in a different arena­ bers may have seen full-page newspaper neering at the University of Texas at the energy arena! advertisements sponsored by the same Austin, recently wrote a most eloquent The debaters and the principal represent group which appeared in a number of and down-to-earth analysis of our en­ extremists who pressure legislators. The newspapers. All of these contend that the ergy problems for the Houston Chronicle. metal armor is the zero risk that some ex­ U.S. Government is subsidizing the tremist groups are demanding in the United Government straitjackets have suc­ States. They want zero risk. They know it is slaughter of fur seals in the Pribilof ceeded in almost immobilizing our petro­ impossible. But they are going to insist on it. Islands. leum, coal, and nuclear energy sectors. The no-pass rule comes from Ralph Nader I think it is time that we look more The restraints belong on the politicians, and other antinuclear people. TheY' have closely at this propaganda that is be­ consumerists, and bureaucrats who have eliminated one of our possible pla.ys to win ing given to the Members of this body. brought us to this mess, not on the pro­ the game. In recent testimony before the Na­ The best-play rule represents the extreme ductive private economy. environmentalists, the anti-coal people, etc. tional Marine Fisheries Service, Mr. If Dr. McKetta is right-and I fear Mike Zacharof, vice president of the St. that he may be-and our standard of Telling the opponent each play, the fair­ Paul Island Village Corp., analyzed the ness rule, was used by the U.S. Congress and living declines, thanks to Government the Federal Power Commission to set a low supposed $9.3 million cost of the annual meddling in energy, then it is important fixed-price on energy. fur seal harvest. I would like to share that the American people know who is There is no way to win the energy game! that analysis with you. to blame. Not oil companies, not Arabs, No way to ha.ve energy self-sufficiency or to First of all, approximately $5,457,000 not coal miners, not nuclear engineers-­ decrease the high cost of imported energy consists of one-time, rather than annual but Congress, the bureaucracy, and the during y.our lifetime. I predict that by 1985, payments, for such things as housing, Ralph Naders and Jane Fondas. even if the public forces government to re­ studies by the Corps of Engineering, move all the senseless, inflexible regulations I would like to draw this perceptive we now have, the United States is going to payment under the Alaska Native Claims essay to my colleagues attention, in Settlement Act, and a cargo ship which have horrible sacrifices energywise. But we hopes that it might have some effect. have to try to force changes, or we will lose was sold, rather than given, to the resi­ The article follows: every game from now on. We could even lose dents of the Pribilof Islands. This leaves No WAY To WIN! the stadium, the school, everything. We must a subtotal of $3,843,000. (By John J. McKetta) pass sensible rules now. Second, a number of payments are HUGE TAX PLAN made annually that have absolutely I want to tell you a story. It's not a true story, but it's a story whose parallel all of It is well known that we are in e. terrible nothing to do with the fur seal harvest. us have witnessed before. energy mess, but only a few people realize These include HEW school funds, De­ Our local high school had not lost a foot­ that there is no solution during our lifetime. partment of Agriculture studies for the ball game for at least three year-s. Friday By this I mean that we will not have the entire Aleutian Island chain, and main­ was a big game with our arch rival. On luxurious use of energy during the next 35 tenance funds for a Coast Guard Thursday, while our team was practicing, the to 40 years that we have today. LORAN navigation station on the Pribi­ debating team had a meeting about over­ Most of the people who understand the lofs. This total of $993,967, when sub­ emphasis on football. They were unhappy be­ energy problem are disappoint ed, confused tracted from the previous subtotal, leaves cause most of the people go to football and appalled with President Carter's so­ games; they don't come to hear the debaters. called energy plan (instead, it was really a $2,849,033. This latter amount repre­ Most of these debaters weighed less than 100 huge tax plan). They are also disappointed sents the costs to the United States of pounds and most of them did not like foot­ with the mysterious, seemingly anti-United the seal harvest. ball. Here are some of their discussions. States voting record of the U.S. Congress in However, some funds can be added Football is injuring too many players. To energy policies. CUrrent policies of energy in, including rent and utility costs paid prevent this we are going to demand that pricing and over-regulation of industry will by the Aleuts, receipts from sale of seal our team members wear armor made of mean disaster for the United States in less pelts, and payments made by the Aleut metal. than 10 years. workers to the Federal retirement sys­ Which is the best play-the touchdown Many wishful thinkers have been led to tem. When these factors are considered, or the first down? The argument went on for believe we will have energy self-sufficiency a long time. They finally decided that no by 1985. I predict that at the current rate the cost is approximately $1.2 million. play our team makes will count unless it of energy demand growth, the U.S. will have Broken out as a per worker salary, this attains a first down. If it isn't first down, a severe recession brought about by the lack would mean $6 ,521.74 per worker per the other team gets the ball automatically. of domestic energy by 1985. In fact, there will year, a salary considerably less than that The forward pass is the biggest gamble in be an energy shortage in the United States received by most people in the country. football. The national average is that one by 1985 that will make your hair curl. Most Yet, if Friends of Animals had their way, out of every 219 forward passes is an inter- of this is because of the shortsightedness 26394 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 and lethargy of our Congress in energy mat­ MINING LIMITED BEHINDTHE BACK DOOR ters. Companies trying to use more coal are Advocates of public financing of congres­ FANTASTIC DEMANDS having troubles. While one branch of gov­ sional elections couldn't get in through the Our energy supply is in trouble. We just ernment is starting to order more plants to front door. Earlier this year their bill, H.R. cannot meet the fantastic energy demands use coal, other branches take action that will 1, was overwhelmingly rejected by a 17 to through the year 2000 without yearly in­ eliminate a million tons from the market. 8 vote in the House Administration Coxnmit­ creasing the energy imported from outside Expanded production is being held up by tee. Unable to make it through the usual our borders. Today over 45 percent of oil used rules limiting strip mining and a moratorium legislative procedure they are now trying in the United States is imported. on leasing federal coal lands. a back door approach by drying up other Almost everyone in this country, with the While the domestic use of coal is limited sources of campaign funds. exception of one group, finally became aware by too-strict clean air rules, at the same time Their current vehicle is the Obey-Ralls­ of the energy crisis in October 1973 when the the export of coal to Germany and Japan is back Amendment, to be offered on the House oil embargo was imposed by the OPEC coun­ being promoted by our government with the fioor this week as a nongermane amendment tries. That one group was your U.S. Congress. result that the eastern U.S. reserves are being to a blll authorizing appropriations for the Do you know that your Congress has not put used for foreign consumers who bid up the Federal Election Commission. The amend­ an extra drop of energy into your supply price, making the fuel more expensive to ment would greatly reduce the amount a t anks since that data'? By this I mean that Americans. candidate for the House can accept from none of the legislation that they have passed In the midst of this tremendous energy individual Political Action Committees and helped to improve our domestic energy situa­ crisis it's difficult to believe that the coal place a limit for the first time on the total tion. In fact, many of the new governmental consumption in the United States today is amount a candidate can receive from all regulations have decreased the supply of do­ lower than it was 30 years ago. Most of this PACs. mestic energy. is because of rules issued by government It is increasingly expensive to get elected. Sometimes it seems that this country's pol­ agencies. Strict lilnits are already in place on the iticians and environmentalists are linked It's necessary for us to triple the amount amount individuals can contribute to politi­ together in a plot to bring America to even­ of coal that we use by 1990. We must find a cal campaigns; if the same can be placed on tual disaster by making domestic energy ex­ way to produce this much coal, and we must PACs it won't be long before politicians des­ pansion impossible. I believe that tt e prob­ be allowed to consume this much coal if we perate for re-election money turn to public lems of higher taxes, price controls, threat of wish to free ourselves of the increasing im­ financing--<>r so the self-appointed guard­ excess profit penalties, embargoes on leasing port. ians of the public interest seem to hope. or operating in favorable coastal areas, and A SAD STORY We are unconvinced that taxpayer-fi­ rigid, excessive environmental requirements nanced political campaigns would make the In the field of nuclear energy, the story politicians more responsible to the people. serve only as roadblocks in efforts to explore is again a sad one. This country was the for new reserves or to build new facilities. Somehow making election independent of pioneer in the development of nuclear power. any combination of constituent interests GROWING DEPENDENCE Yet today we require up to 13 years to build doesn't seem the way to make politicians In 1978 we paid other countries over $44 a nuclear power plant in the United States answerable to the people. The fedel'al bu­ billion for oil and natural gas. So far this while it takes only 4 Y:! years in Europe or reaucracy already hands the Congress much year we are importing oil and gas at a much Japan. Why? Again, because of excessive gov­ of its legislative agenda, and it has success­ higher rate. You might ·t hink that at least ernmental regulations! Incidentally, the very fully infringed congressional control over the that's progress. We haven't doubled the first one in the United States was bull t in purse strings by designing the budget that amount of imports. But in the larger sense, less than four years at Shippingport, Pa. the Congress passes. Giving bureaucrats the these figures don't spell progress at all-they Many of you will recall the story that way power to hand out political campaign money spell failure-failure and potential disaster back in 1889 something was bothering seems to be a way of making Congress even for a nation which simply should not spend Thomas Edison. He wrote an article for the more responsive to the federal establishment. that much money for imported energies. North American Review (Vol. 149, 1889, p. The evidence seems clear enough that Although we continue to be less dependent 632) warning the public about what he per­ PACs have increased grassroots political par­ on imported oil than are Western Europe or eel ved as a major public danger. ticipation, making it more difficult !or poli­ Japan, that dependence is growing. Within "My personal desire would be to prohibit ticians to run over constituent interests. On the last three years the amount of imports entirely the use of alternating current," Edi­ the other hand, studies by impartial scholars of Middle Eastern oil was doubled. Canada, son wrote. "They are as unnecessary as they have concluded that public financing and once our largest oil and gas supplier, wisely are dangerous. I can therefOTe see no justi­ campaign contribution lilnits have reduced decreased exports of petroleum to the United fication for the introduction of a system popular participation in the political process. States in order to conserve supplies for her which has no element of permanency and Before Congress takes any steps to re­ own domestic use. every element of danger to life and property." strict PAC campaign contributions, it should hold hearings and carefully consider the This increasing dependence on imported Now, from the vantage point of our alter­ evidence concerning grassroots participation oil will mean only greater risks of another nating current world 90 years later, it is ap­ in politics. The Obey-Railsback approach is embargo, and more intimidation in the con­ parent that this great person either was un­ an attempt to end-run the congressional duct of foreign policy, which jeopardizes our explainably wrong in principle, or he failed committee process-that is, it's a back door entire nation. to anticipate the technology that put alter­ approach. Before Congressmen reach out for How in the world could the wealthiest and nating current electricity into nearly uni­ that enticing federal hand dripping cam­ most powerful nation on Earth allow itself versal use across the United States. We solved paign money, they should consider whether to be boxed into a corner like this? The rea­ the alternating current hazard-we can solve they want to be in the hands of the people sons include the senseless, inflexible govern­ the new hazards. or the arms of the federal bureaucracy.e mental regulations and the extreme demands Everyone admits that radiation can be of the environmentalists. We now have so dangerous and electricity can be dangerous. many roadblocks to expanded production But reasonable people will take moderate ENERGY FROM BIOMASS that the energy industry is practically inert risks for great benefits, small risks for mod­ because of governmental laws and red tape. erate benefits, and no risks if there are no Despite the continued warning from experts, benefits. Our 'POlicy makers must learn that HON. FLOYD J. FITHIAN the Fedt:::al Power Commission has been re­ the world is risky, and that the problem isn't OF INDIANA quired for more than 20 years to keep the whether something is safe, but what the risks IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wellhead price of natural gas at extremely are, and whether the benefits are worth those low levels in order to hold down the prices risks.e Wednesday, September 26, 1979 for consumers. These controls decreased the e Mr. FITHIAN. Mr. Speaker, in our incentives for the development of new do­ wide-ranging search for new sources of mestic supplies so that, just as we predicted ELECTION LAW DEFORM energy, we have been lead from the Arctic in the early 1960s, there is much less natural Circle the Yucatan; from the icy gas than we need today. Instead of learning to from this horrible natural gas control ex­ HON. BILL FRENZEL reaches of the North Sea to the plans for perience, we repeat our mistakes in the oil OF MINNESOTA power satellites in the vast wasteland of outer space. industry. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But in our continuing search for new Again, we can predict the results : By keep­ Wednesday, September 26, 1979 ing the prices of natural gas and domestic sources of energy, we must not forget an oil at ridiculously low levels, we are forcing e Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, today's energy source at our very doorsrtep..­ consumers to buy more expensive foreign editorial on the Obey-Railsback bill energy from biomass. products from foreign oil and gas sources be­ gives the clearest description of its ad­ I am inserting for the benefit of my cause we are producing so much less of our verse effects on our election processes. colleagues an outstanding summary of own oil and gas. The editorial follows: the potential for fuels from biomass September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26395 taken from the Harvard Business Today the main consumer of wood for boiler capable of firing 500 tons of pellets or School's distinguished report, "Energy energy generation is the forest products in­ wood chips per day, and has found that the Future"-Stobaugh and Yergin, Edit, dustry, which derives 45 percent of its total savings in conventional fuel costs provided energy needs from burning bark and mill a payback of less than five years. A utility Random House, 1979-with the hope that waste, primarily. But the industry could be­ in Vermont, Burlington Electric, generates it will bring our search for energy alter­ come totally self-sufficient in about a decade one third of its electricity production with natives closer to home. without great difficulty by burning addi­ wood pellets in a wood-chip burner. (In In the course of the next few days, tional quantities of wood and wood waste, Hawaii, sugar cane residues are used not I will be introducing legislation to de­ thus saving an additional million barrels of only to make process steam and electricity velop and promote biomass energy, in­ oil a day equivalent. for sugar mills, but also to provide almost cluding Senator TALMADGE's Agricultural, Another major market for wood could be 20 percent of total utility power on the Forestry, and Rural Energy Act and my residential wood heating. Sales of wood island.) stoves have been booming since the oil em­ Pelletizing is not only economical, its own Biomass Research and Development bargo. One survey estimates that the num­ technology is also simple and familiar. The Authorization Act. As this legislation is ber of installed wood stoves has increased basic process is at least twenty years old, illltnxiuced, I will be seeking your co­ from one million in 1974 to as many as five and the equipment and techniques are very sponsorship and support of these meas­ million in 1978. If the new stoves' wood­ similar to those employed in agricultural ures which will help fulfill the great burning capacity were used at the same rate feed manufacture. Although only a few promise of biomass energy for our Na­ as the old capacity, a fivefold increase in firms are now active in pelletizing, interest tion. home wood consumption-from .1 mbd to .5 is picking up. According to an executive of a The article follows: mbd-would be realized. Sustaining the pelletizing systems manufacturer, "Only a present level of sales of about one million year ago it was difficult to get people to talk WOOD AND WASTE: OLDER THAN ROMAN POOLS stoves a year would mean that capacity to us. Now even the large firms are calling." An ideal solar collector has already been would increase at the rate of one quad- Wide diffusion of pelletizing would require designed. Requiring virtually; no mainte­ 1015 BTU equals one quad, or about half a substantial supplies of raw biomass, neces­ nance, it is economical and nonpolluting; it million barrels of oil daily--every five years. sitating either the management of present uses an established technology and it stores But there are, of course, short-term limits forests for fuel source or the establishment energy. It is called a plant. to supplies of wood and waste. If every of large "energy plantations" devoted to the Indeed, organic matter from plants and American household installed a wood stove, growing of energy crops. The latter consti­ animals, or biomass, constitutes another the demand might rise to the oil equivalent tutes one of the best hopes for long-term near-term and accessible form of solar of 7 mbd of wood and forest waste. This con­ renewable energy, and it is beginning to energy. Photosynthesis, occurring natumlly siderably exceeds the near-term supply of attract considerable interest. However, two worldwide, stores more t han ten times as about 3 mbd of wood and forest wastes that barriers stand in the way. The first is cost. much energy annually in plant form than is may be obtainable annually without resort­ For energy plantations, biomass would repre­ consumed by all mankind. But very little ing to sophisticated forest-management sent the main income, not a supplementary of 'this energy is tapped, particularly in the techniques and new tree species. one, as for timberlands. When forest eco­ developed countries. But will this biomass forest yield be used? nomics are analyzed on the basis of cutting This has not always been the case. Less Economics will again be a major determi­ down the entire tree for energy, the cost of than a century ago, wood was the United nant. The problem can be illustrated by pelletized wood triples to $5 or $6 per million States' principal fuel. As recently as 1900, looking at a third category of potential use­ BTU. But research in improved tree culti­ wood accounted for 25 percent of the coun­ industrial firms and utilities that presently vation and tree species could reduce this try's total energy, but by 1976 it provided employ coal-fired boilers. Wood and dry crop cost by half during the next decade. less than 1.5 percent, or wbout .5 million wastes have an energy content of about 16 The second obstacle is land-a great deal barrels per day. And most of the 1.5 percent­ million BTU per ton. By comparison, coal­ of which would be required for large energy .4 mbd--came from the forest products in­ wood's old rival and still, for many purposes, plantations. According to one estimate, to dustry, which burns tree wastes. By com­ its principal competitor ranges from 16 mil­ produce the oil equivalent of 10mbd, a bil­ parison, 8 percent of Sweden's and 15 per­ lion BTU per ton for Western coals to 25 lion acres would be needed, which is all cent of Finland's energy needs are met by million BTU per ton for the good Eastern the commercial forest land in the United wood. coals. In other words, wood is roughly com­ States. But improved techniques could re­ True, the theoretical potential of biomass petitive with Western coal. However, the eco­ duce the amount of land required. is very large, but within t he continental nomics of any further comparison are influ­ There is much to recommend wood and United States, most of the land suitable for enced by two offsetting factors: Coal is easier forest waste as a source of energy. The biomass production is legally withdrawn to transport and to use than wood and dry process of growing trees is fam11iar, the eco­ from timber harvesting or is already used crop waste; coal, however, is a notoriously bad pollutant, whereas wood contains, on the nomics are attractive in many situations, to produce food, feed, fiber, or timber. Thus, pollution is low, and storage capability is only about 20 percent-400 million acres­ average, less than one tenth of the sulfur is commercial forest J.and that can really be content of coal. inherent. In the short term, the oil equiva­ Yet the constraining effects of both fac­ lent of 3 mbd of energy may be achieved considered available for fuel. Even 20 per­ by the increased use of wood and wood cent would make for the equivalent of 3 mil­ tors can be dealt with. Coa.l pollution can lion barrels a day. Achieving this contribu­ be greatly reduced by adding scrubbers. waste in residential heating and in the forest tion, however, could still encounter opposi­ And the difficulty in transporting wood can products industry. In the longer term­ tion from environmentalists. Another 1.5 be significantly reduced by compressing it twenty-five years or more-four times as mbd is economically recoverable from muni­ into half-inch-diameter wood pellets that much energy may be available from this cipal solid and liquid waste and from animal are more convenient to handle than coal. source via a system of energy plantations. manure; this recovery would also help to Such being the case, the cost of both proc­ The other major near-term biomass source solve the problem of what to do with the esses must be included in any fair economic is municipal and animal wastes, which a waste generated in America. comparison. Without sulfur scrubbers, th-e biological process can turn into perhaps an There 18.re several different methods for cost of both fuels is comparable ( $32 per additional 1.5 mbd of useful energy. Or­ bioconversion, which is the term for the ton delivered, or $2 per million BTU for wood ganic waste can be transformed into a low­ transformation of biomass into usable and Western coal, or $1.30 per million BTU BTU gas, containing methane. In less so­ energy. One is the simple direct burning of for Eastern coal) . But this price for wood phisticated forms, the technology has been solid wood or other plants. The second is can be obtained only if the consumption used in sewage-treatment plants since the the conversion of biomass into a liquid. Bra­ point, the pelletizing plant, and the forest turn of the century. One of the best exam­ zil, for instance, has a goal of replacing 20 source are all within a few hundred miles ples of the methane approach is the innova­ percent of its gasoline with alcohol derived of each other. At longer distances the eco­ tive syst em den gned and managed by Biogas from plant matter, primarily sugar cane, by nomics generally favor coal. But when the of Colorado, which "harvests" the manure 1980. A third method is a biological process costs of sulfur scrubbing are included ($15 produced by 40,000 head of cattle at a huge in which bacteria break down organic waste per ton) • shipping the wood pellets becomes feedlot in Lamar, Colorado, and converts the into methane gas. Considerable research is economical over an additional several hun­ waste into enough methane to provide half now going on to develop new sources of bio­ dred miles. A full comparison must be more the fuel for a 50 megawatt power plant. mass, such as quick-growing plants, that elaborate, but the important point is that, Federal energy policy should encourage would provide greater energy intensities. under many circumstances, wood and dry bioconversion research, especially for small But for the remainder of this century, crop wastes can compete with coal. and medium-scale products. A major effort wood and related waste products will con­ The pelletizing described above is the key is needed to familiarize foresters, farmers, tinue to be the United States' principal to wood's competitiveness as an industrial and businessmen with the benefits and po­ source of domestic biomass. There are three boiler fuel. Only if wood is pelletized can it tential of biomass. Bioconversion incentives major markets where the potential 3 mbd of be used as a substitute in a somewhat modi­ should also be incorporated into utility addi tiona! wood and wood waste could be fied coal-fired system, and pelletizing also regulations. consumed: the forest products industry, resi­ simplifies transportation and storage. Burn­ Today. biomass has strong regional rather dential wood heating, and industrial firms ing pelletized wood can be economical. One than national support and interest. Cali­ and utilities that employ coal-fired boilers. firm in Tennessee installed a $2.3 million fornia's Energy Resource Conservation and 26396 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 Development Commission, for example, A report, which was classified at the time, any colleagues correspondence I have funded a demonstration of a biomass gas said the threefold objectives of the tests producer from an old Swedish design, even were: had with the Department of Defense though the federal government backed out. "To study the offensive possib111ties of at­ regarding the cancellation earlier this Federal programs should encourage, not dis­ tacking a seaport city with a BW (biological year by Iran of several billion dollars in courage, such innovative activity at the re­ warfare) aerosol generated from a ship or arms sales agreements. I asked the De­ gional level. other source located some distance off shore. partment of Defense to comment on a Meanwhile, large biomass projects, such as "To attempt to measure the magnitude of report by the General Accounting Of­ energy plantations, may not have an impact the defensive problem presented by (a) fice, published July 25, 1979, entitled in this century. But well-developed, locally above. based technologies could provide 6 percent "To gain additional data on the behavior of "Financial and Legal Implications of of u.s. energy needs by the end of the cen­ BW aerosol as it is borne downwind." Iran's Cancellation of Arms Purchase tury, as opposed to less than 2 percent The report said the spray covered 117 Agreements." The report makes several today.e square miles of San Francisco and neighbor­ recommendations on how to deal with ing areas. "Nearly all of San Francisco re­ potential termination costs of U.S. for­ ceived 500 particle minutes per liter," there- eign military sales by foreign purchases. NAVY FOGGED BAY AREA WITH port said. . According to GAO: BACTERIA "In other words, nearly every one of the 800,000 people in San Francisco exposed to The Iranian government cancelled and/or the Defense Department reduced about $10.6 the cloud S~t normal breathing rate ... in­ billion of Iran's about $12.6 billion in un­ HON. JOHN L. BURTON haled 5,000 or more fiuorescent particles," the report said. delivered foreign mildtary sales orders. OP CALIFORNIA "Any other area," the report continued, Since the Arms Export Control Act, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "having a steady wind and a degree of atmos­ which is the statutory mechanism under Wednesday, September 26, 1979 pheric stabilLty comparable to San Francisco is vulnerable to a similar type of attack and which the U.S. foreign military sales eMr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, there are many such areas iu· the U.S. and program is carried out, does not require I include an article from the Washing­ elsewhere." that all foreign customer costs be avail­ ton Post of September 17, 1979, in con­ The spraying took place between Sept. 20 able at :all times to cover potential can­ nection with the amendment, which I and Sept. 26, 1950. The 1951 Army report does cellation costs of a foreign sales agree­ intend to offer, that was referred to in not mention it but cases of serrat1a pneuma.. ment by a foreign government, the nia, a rare disease, began appearing almost cancellation of these sales by Iran raises my 1-minute speech today. immediately. Nevins died Nov. 1, 1950, a.t the NAVY FOGGED BAY AREA WITH BACTERIA old Stanford Hospital in San Francisco. many legal and financial questions con­ (By Bill Richard:=;) Nevins' grandson James, a San Francisco cerning the potential liability of the U.S. Government. The GAO report made In an experiment designed to determine attorney, said yesterday that the Army did both attack and defense capabilities with not notify his family of the reason for the several recommendations on how to deal biological weapons, a Navy ship blanketed death and apparently did not tell officials at with the implications of arms sales can­ San Francisco and its neighboring commu­ Stanford Hospital. cellations and contains a useful chart nities with a bacteria-laden smog for six days "In 1951 the doctors at the hospital who on the activities of the Iranian Trust in 1950, according to U.S. m111tary records. treated Edward Nevins and the others wrote Fund from April 1977, an update of The records concluded that nearly every an article in the archives of internal medi­ cine expressing puzzlement over the outbreak which is provided in the Department of one of San Francisco's 800,000 residents was of such a rare disease," said Jerrold Ladar, Defense's letter. exposed to the cloud released by a Navy ship the attorney for the family in the case. The Department of Defense states steaming up and down just outside the The Nevins family found out about the ex­ that legislation to require FMS cus­ Golden Gate bridge. periment in an article in the· Long Island tomers to provide full termination costs The aerosol released by the ship cont ained newspaper Newsday in 1976, Ladar said. "All a bacteria known as serratia, which was for all purchases, as suggested by GAO, they knew before that was that Nevins went would create substantial and time-con­ thought harmless by the military at the time into the hospital for a successful hernia but which has been found since t o cause a operation and ended up dying a very painful suming technical difficulties that might type of pneumonia that can be fatal. death with clear evidence of serra.tia in hiS affect other aspects of the FMS program The Defense Department documents and blood and urine samples."e and complicate relations with other FMS related interviews yesterday indicate that the customers. Army, which sponsored the testing, never The correspondence follows: revealed the nature of the experiments de­ PERSONAL EXPLANATION spite an outbreak in San Francisco at that WASHINGTON, D.C., September 4, 1979. time of serratia-related pneumonia. Lt. Gen. ERNEST GRAVES, The documents were released recently to HON. NICHOLAS MAVROULES the family of Edward Nevins, a retired San Director, Defense Security Assistance Agency, OF MASSACHUSETTS The Pentagon, Washington, D .C. Francisco pipefitter who died during the ser­ ratia pneumonia outbreak. Eleven other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DEAR GENERAL GRAVES: In its report en­ titled "Financial and Legal Implications of cases of the disease were confirmed at Stan­ Wednesday, September 26, 1979 ford University Hospital at the time, but all Iran's Cancellation of Arms Purchase Agree­ those victims survived. e Mr. MAVROULES. Mr. Speaker, on ments," the General Accounting Office (GAO) Nevins' children, grandchildren and great­ Tuesday, September 25, 1979, I missed makes several findings and recommendations grandchildren are suing the Army for $11 several votes, including the voice vote on on the legal authority of the Department of million. The suit charges that Nevins, 75, the 5.5-percent congressionaJ pay raise. Defense and the procedures employed by the died as a result of exposure to the bacteria Department in the matter of the cancellation let loose during the military experiment. This was due to the untimely death of of arms sales agreements concluded between The nature and size of the biological war­ a dear friend and associate, Regina Fal­ the United States and Iran. I would appre­ fare experiment in San Francisco raises ques­ kowski, who managed one of my district ciate your comments on the GAO findings tions about simllar open-air tests that the offices, and whose funeral I attended on and recommendations. In particular, I would like your opinion of Army disclosed in 1977 it had ~onducted on Tuesday. 239 occasions between 1949 and 1969. GAO's recommendation that the Arms Export Had I been present, Mr. Speaker, I Control Act should be amended to require In its 1977 testimony to the .Senate health would have voted against the pay raise, foreign governments to pay, in advance, subcommittee, the Army said that 80 of the amo'Vlts sufficient to cover, at 8.IllY time, all 239 tests included some sort of disease­ as I have done in the past.• producing agent. The tests were conducted costs and damages associ a ted with their in Washington, New York City, Key West arm.s purchases, including potential termi­ and Panama City, Fla., and San Francisco. CANCELLATION OF IRANIAN ARMS nation costs. I would like to know what PURCHASES specific steps are being taken by the Depart­ An Army spokesman said yesterday he ment of Defense to have sufficient funds to could not determine immediately whether cover potential termination costs on other the spraying was similar in all the cities to foreign m..ilitary sales and to prevent the that done off San Francisco. HON. LEE H. HAMILTON OF INDIANA United States from being lla.ble to aid U.S. According to the documents released to arm.s contractors for any unpaid balances. the Nevins family, a Navy auxiliary mine­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Finally, Appendix V of the GAO report laying vessel spent six days cruising just out­ Wednesday, September 26, 1979 conta.lns a schedule of the Iranian trust fund side of San Francisco Bay. Crewmen on the activity for the 26-month period from April ship released an aerosol contaminated with e Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I 1977 to May 1979. I would like you to verify baclllus globigU and serratia marcescens. would like to bring to the attention of the accuracy of this information as well as September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26397 provide me with an upda.te of the fund's would be pleased to discuss the matter per­ be!!O!'e had decided the Senate was the sonally with you, if you should desire. zenith of his ambitions, nevertheless went activity on a. qua.rterl'Y basts. to New York to be interviewed at a gathering Wd.th best rega.rds. Sincerely, Sincerely yours, ERNEST GRAVES, of bankers, publishers, and financiers. In LEE H. HAMILTON, Lieutenant General, USA, Director, De­ answering the question, who was his boy­ Chairman, Subcommittee on fense Security Assistance Agency. hood hero, he averred with a certain enthu­ Europe and the Middle East. siasm and detaU that it was Eugene Victor SCHEDULE OF IRANIAN TRUST FUND ACTIVITY Debs. That stopped the Douglas bandwagon. Saintly he was and honest. Before his sec­ DEFENSE SECURrrY AsSISTANCE AGENCY, [As of the last day of each month) Washington, D.C., September 21, 1979. retary was permitted to say to phone callers that he was out of the oftlce, he would liter­ In reply refer to: I-8914/79. Deposits Disbursements Balance ally step out into the hallway of the old Hon. LEE H. HAMILTON, Chairman, Subcommittee on Europe and the Senate Oftlce Building. Because of the oath Middle East, Washington, D.C. May 1979 ______$219,776 I $61,979,247 I $282,752,596 he had to sign that he knew nothing of the June 1979______632,050 138, 192,537 145, 192, 108 various citizens' campaign funds raised on DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Thank you for the July 1979______2,932 2-421,021,289 566,216,328 opportunity to present my views on the re­ his behalf, he would leave the room when­ ever the subject was discussed. When he port by the General Accounting Oftlce (GAO) traveled by plane, he would be the last one titled "Financial and Legal Implications of 1 Data in appendix V were estimated; values shown here are actual. on and the last one oft', patiently waiting at Iran's Cancellation of Arms Purchase Agree­ 2 Neg11tive value is due to refund of $490,500,000 by U.S. Navy the end of the line, never Inisusing his sen­ ments". in connection with its purchase of 4 Spruance class destroyers atorial station to gain special privilege. He Department of Defense (DOD) policy long originally scheduled for Iran. • loathed the head table at Democratic din­ has been to maintain suftlcient Foreign Mili­ ners and made a point o! working the crowd tary Sales (FMS) trust fund reserves to meet while lesser oftlcials sat in splendor above all potential FMS financialliab111ties, includ­ HOWARD SHUMAN PENS TRffiUTE the audience and ate. ing termination costs. As of June 30, 1979, TO PAUL DOUGLAS He seldom referred to himself as "Senator" there was $3.4 billion of foreign deposits and never as "Doctor." He answered the reserved in the trust fund to cover potential phone with, "This is Mr. Douglas," and his termination liab111ty costs. HON. PAUL SIMON staff' always referred to him affectionately as We have recognized, partially as a result of OF ILLINOIS "Mr. D." the Iranian experience, the need for improve­ As a Senator and politician he may have ment in the procedures used to assess charges IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mellowed in his later years. We were once for termination liab111ty reserves. we there­ Wednesday, September 26, 1979 looking at a.n old picture taken of him in fore have published detailed instructions the 1930s. He was dressed in academic gown, which provide better guidelines for the cal­ • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, one of the thumbs in his vest, and nose 1 ld high at culation of estimated termination costs by giants of the U.S. Senate in this century a haughty angle. He looked at hixnself and our M111tary Departments. This will improve was Senator Paul H. Douglas. proclaimed, "I don't like that fellow." our capab111ty to calculate more accurately His administrative assistant, Howard Often he could not bring himself to tell the amount o! funds required for this pur­ Shuman now administrative assistant a whit.e lie even to avoid oft'ending. I was pose. However, these cost estimates require present when the Chairman of the Federal continual revision as the procurement pro­ to Senator WILLIAM PROXMIRE, has writ­ Reserve Board, William McChesney Martin, grams unfold in detaU, which in turn gen­ ten a fitting tribute to Senator Douglas came to Douglas' oftlce to say that a number erate revisions in the trust fund deposit re­ which has appeared in Challenge, the of people had reported some uncomplimen­ quirements. We are concerned that new leg­ Magazine of Economic Affairs. tary Douglas comments about Martin's islation guidelines could require a degree of The article deserves much wider cir­ monetary policies. Martin said he was cer­ exactness in these estimates which is greater culation, and I hope my colleagues will tain Douglas had not said them but wanted than is technically possible and which would read it. to hear the denial from the Senator him­ be at the expense of the management of And, I hope Howard Shuman, who self. Instead of agreeing politely, Douglas other aspects of the FMS program. The tech­ turned to him and S'a.id, "I don't remember nical diftlculties plus the requirement for rendered great service to Senator Doug­ saying those things. But since I've thought extraordinary management to produce finite las and is doing the same for Senator them many times, I probably said them." estimates is apparently recognized by the PROXMIRE, wlli consider using these same On other oco.1sions he was more diplo­ GAO since, during the !our months that their writing skills one of these years to do a matic. In 1966 a man who wanted to be ap­ auditors reviewed the DOD actions taken really fine biography of Senator Douglas pointed a federal judge sent Mr. Douglas an with respect to Iranian cancellations, they who continues to stand as a symbol of enormous campaign contribution~everal chose not to update the DOD termination rectitude and justice. thousand dollars. Mr. Douglas returned the liab111ty estimate mentioned on page 8, Ap­ check with a note saying that in view of the pendix 1 o! the report. This observation PAUL HOWARD DOUGLAS man's wish to be appointed a judge it would should not be construed as criticism of the (By Howard Shuman) be improper to accept it. The man persisted report, but rather to indicate that the under­ For anyone who worked with Paul Howard and sent the check back with a note saying taking of such an eft'ort to update the esti~ Douglas it ts impossible to write about him there was no connection between his desire mate must have been recognized as quite without indulging in hagiography. To know to be a judge and his massive contribution. time consuining. him and to share in his civic battles was to Mr. Douglas replied again. "I know there is We are also concerned that new legislation love him. He invoked from his comrades in no connection between your candidacy and could complica.te relations with FMS pur­ conflict and his staft' an intensity of work your generous contribution, but since other chasers. The cancellation o! the Iranian pro­ and a depth of loyalty unique in my experi­ people might think so I am returning your gram is without precedent in both its mag­ ence. check." nitude and its abruptness. We believe that The author of The Theory of Wages (1934), Douglas was a convert to the Society o! remaining FMS purchasers could miscon­ which he said was ". . . my chief claim to Friends and took his responsibllities seri­ strue legislation requiring advance payment scholarly distinction" and more than a dozen ously. He rose early, and routinely he spent !or possible terinination costs. Such pur­ other books, both economic and political, the first half hour of the day meditating in chasers are, by and large, friends and close Paul Douglas combined a massive inte111- the Quaker fashion. Late one afternoon after allies with an unquestionable cominitment gence with great strength o! personal char­ a tumultuous morning bearing with George to payment of FMS obligations. To incor­ acter. Humphrey, the selfma.de industrialist, ultra­ porate into legislation our policy of requiring On "Paul's Wall" over the couch in his conservative, and boorish Secretary of the a.dvance payments for possible termination senatorial oftlce hung portraits o! his heroes­ Treasury under Eisenhower, Douglas said to costs risks creating misunderstandings with Abraham Lincoln of Dllnois, Jane Adams, me in an informal moment, "I hate theRe­ those very nations which are least likely to Old Bob La Follette, George Norris, John publicans. I hate George Humphrey." It was cancel their FMS programs. Peter Altgeld (I111nois' greatest Governor), so casual I forgot it. The next morning, For the above reasons, we do not believe and Clarence Darrow who, though less promptly as I arrived, he called me into his that new legislation is necessary to insure saintly than the others, was there because omce. Very seriously he repeated the previous the continued maintenance of termination he was Douglas' friend and a champion of day's comment. "I've been thinking about liab111ty reserves. the underdog. that," he said. "I apologize, I shouldn't have With respect to Annex V of the GAO re­ Douglas might have added the portrait of said it or thought it. I must not have hate port, we have verified and updated the in­ another of their stature who was also his in my heart." formation. The update is attached. We will hero. In 1952, the Eastern establishinent, who His spirit of selflessness went far beyond provide you continuing quarterly reports in than had a veto over the presidential candi­ these incidents. He joined the Marines as a the format at Appendix V, beglnnir15 De­ dates o! both parties, wanted him to run as private at age 50 during the Second World cember 31. the Democratic candidate for President and War. B.e went through basic training at We hope that this will be helpful to you oft'ered him a. million-dollar campaign war Parris Island and was selected the best "bOot" and the members of the subcommittee. I chest 1f he would do so. Douglas, who long in the camp. He was allowed to go overseas on 26398 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 197!~ condition that he not take part in combat. naJtional income, this function is now widely H1s phenomenal intelligence was exempli­ Yet, as adjutant of the First Marine Division used in theories of income distribution, pro­ fied by almost perfect recall. He could lec­ he exposed himself to enemy fire daily when duction, and growth. "The work never re­ ture for an hour making sequential points his division was in combat and routinely ceived a favorable word fr07ll my old col­ in faultless grammar without a note. In his volunteered for stretcher-bearing duty. While leagues, whose criticism had, indeed, been late seventies he complained that he felt the men wondered about that "old grey­ severe," he wrote. And therein, too, lies a tale. it necessary to have a short outline when he headed fellow rushing around like crazy up Whenever I wrote an article for him he spoke. (Most people half his age would never there," he won the Bronze Star at Peleliu. would, unlike most politicians, insist not venture into an important occasion with­ At the Naha-Shuri line in Okinawa he was only on putting my name on it but on list­ out one.) wounded while working as a medic for K ing it first. I would demur and tell him the His tastes and abilities were catholic. I Company and was brought back to a first magazine did not want an article by l.is was with him when, in an effort to get the aid station located in a cave on the palisades anonymous administrative assistant but by British to remove their restrictions against where, covered wit h dirt and blood, he lay a United States Senator. Reluctant1.y he our cars and chickens, he quoted Cobden bleeding dangerously from the wound in his would switch the order of names, but he and Bright to the Chancellor of the Ex­ left upper arm. According to Chaplain Ber­ was always faithful not only in using my chequer, astounded Swiss newsmen with man of the Sixth Marine Division, which name but in giving me the honorarium if his knowledge of the history of their can­ fought next to the First Division at the I had done the work. This practice grew out tons, sought out Michelangelo's Madonna Naha-Shuri line, Douglas, badly hit, identi­ of the contempt he felt for numerous aca­ of Bruges on the altar of Notre Dame in that fied himself as a private, rather than a major, demic colleagues who plagiarized the work medieval city, and in perfect German en­ his actual rank. "When I asked Douglas why of their graduate students and proffered it treated a spontaneous gathering of several he had indicated he was a private," wrote as their own. I believe this is why matheJUa­ hundred people in the plaza before City Hall Berman, "he told me he didn't want to get tician Cobb's name was placed first on--that in Berlin to stand firm against the Russians any special consideration or treatment." seminal economic work. With Douglas' gen­ at the time of the Berlin Wall in 1961. They At Peleliu Douglas survived hand-to-hand erosity of spirit, he would have reasoned that cheered. combat in a cave with a Japanese sniper who "C" comes before "D" in the alphabet. At one stage in his life he lhad systemati­ had killed two Marines on successive days. Long before he entered the Senate, Paul cally swatted up American political and con­ He wrote in his autobiography, In the Full­ Douglas was an idealist, citizen reformer, stitutional history, chemistry, physics, math­ ness of Time, "As I came out, covered with and man of action. He helped write the orig­ ematics, Italian art, English and American mud and blood, the thought went through inal Social Security Act. He was in New York poetry, and a host of other subjects in addi­ my head that perhaps the fellow was a pro­ at the time of the Triangle fire, a disastrous tion to economics and economic history. He fessor of economics at the University of blaze that broke out in a gapf!~nt factory knew the details of the Constitution, the Tokyo. What a world it is that causes each in lower Manhattan in 1911. Be~_ of it he views of the Founding Fathers, and the his­ of us to seek the other's life." joined forces with the International Ladies' tory of the Supreme Court. He was both Mr. Douglas had a loathing for sham and Garment Workers' Union in their organiza­ scholar and man of action. pretense. As a graduate student at Harvard, tional efforts. He and Arthur Goldberg were Only moments before lhe was to give his he had often been deeply offended by Pro­ the only two outside intellectuals who presidential address to the American Eco­ fessor Frank w. Taussig, who routinely t ried helped organize the United Steel Workers. nomic Association in Chicago in 1947 he was to put him down, and by the snubs of some The Steel Workers never forgot this. They informed by Colonel Jacob Arvey that he had of his superc111ous student colleagues. Later rewarded Goldberg by hiring him as their been seleoted as the Democratic nominee for in life, in a Harvard speech, he took great attorney, and remained politically loyal to the Senate. He turned to his wife Emily and pleasure in deta111ng the white collar rogues Paul Douglas when lesser men and institu­ quoted the lines from Othello, "Oh, now for­ and thieves Harvard had spawned, and tions treated him and his causes as orphans. ever/ Farewell the tranquil mind." But that quoted with a certain verve, much to the They backed his fierce fight to save the In­ was no farewell. His election may have ended shock and chagrin of President Conant, the diana Dunes as a National Lakeshore and the tranquil life but it did not end his in­ Old Engish quatrain. "The law locks up both fought at his side in his 1966 election de­ tellectual career. In the Senate he applied man and woman who steals the goose from feat. his professional economic skills to tlhe criti­ off the Common; but lets the greater felon He was a Chicago Alderman (he often cal analysis of public works projects, subsi­ loose, who steals the Common from the noted that that experience was the training dies for lead and zinc, sugar bills, maritime goose.'' ground for political combat with Lyndon subsidies, fiscal policy, reclamation projects His at titude toward Harvard helps to il­ Johnson and Robert Kerr), a fightl!lg Ma­ (where he compared the spending of over luminate an event in h is life which he said rine, and a United States Senator, but fun­ $2,000 an acre to reclaim land on the Upper could have ruined his career. damentally he remained a teacher. In the Colorado River project on which to grow At one of the Pacific battles where bis be­ Senate, on the poLitical stump, and at Dem­ crops of hay worth $100 an acre, to growing loved Marines were under intense tu-e, he ocratic Party rallies, he was the expositor bananas on Pike's Peak), restrictive tariffs, ordered a Navy doctor to the front lines to and simplifier. He quoted poetry, had an apt social security, welfare, housing, and medi­ attend the wounded. The man refused. He phrase from Bartlett or a classical sally for care issues. said he was a Harvard Medical School gradu­ the occasion, and used clear examples and He was the father of the 1951 Federal Re­ ate with training too valuable to risk his simple props to make his points. serve-Treasury Accord. In 1960, as Chairman life. Incensed by h is refusal, Douglas took He illustrated military waste by holding ::Jf the Joint Economic Committee of Con­ out his weapon, pointed it at the doctor's up in the Senate a simple light bulb socket gress. he oversaw the massive study on em­ head, and marched him to the front lines. which we bought for 25 cents; but for which ployment, growth, and prices and thrust into Years later he told me he still shuddered the Navy had paid $21.10. Once his staff had prominence economists like Otto Eckstein, when he thought about it: he had been so Warren Smith, and Charles Schultze. When to restrain him from taking a meat cleaver canvassing for a staff director, Mr. Douglas outraged that he had been prepared to shoot and a scalpel onto the Senate :floor to illus­ the man if he refused again. called Jacob Viner at Princeton to ask for a trate the difference between intelligent and recommendation. Douglas wanted a young All this explains why he was offended when meat-axe efforts to cut the budget. As he man-he feared an older, established econo­ some of his politJical brethren wore their spoke he roamed from one side of the Sen­ mist would run out of gas-and asked Viner war wounds on t heir chests. Even in a des­ ate chamber to the other, or up and down for his brightest and ablest postdoctoral stu­ perate political situation on the Friday be­ the aisles at a political meeting occasionally dent. The answer was Eckstein, whom Doug­ fore his defeat in the 1966 election he refused pressing his point by slapping the thigh of las interviewed, hired, and helped launch to give a speech drafted by that superb a male member of the audience sitting on on his spectacular career. craftsman John Bartlow Martin, in which the the adsle, as he did to his students in his Douglas said Paul Samuelson was his most repeated punch line was. "Tell that to the classes at the University of Chicago. brilliant student and confessed that Samuel­ Marines." He sent me off to draft a new one When campaigning in central Illinois he son and a small group of contemporaries had only an hour before he addressed a vast would explain to Democratic street corner kept him on his toes with their questions as throng in Chicago's Loop at t he climax of crowds and court house lawn rallies in :10 other students had done. the huge traditional Democratic parade. heavily Republican areas that what they Douglas was an environmentalist and con­ He often commented that civic courage were up against was not the G.O.P., but the sumer advocate before the words were in called for greater character than military glaciers. Chicago, Cook County, and the common use. He coined the phrase, "A lib­ courage. " When I was a Marine", he said, lower third of the state south of the Taylor­ eral need not be a wastrel," and was critical "the Japanese were shooting at my body. ville moraine were Democratic. North of of those fellow economists so caught up in In the Senate they are after my soul." Springfield lit was hard-boiled, tough­ macroeconomics that they failed to dis­ Paul Douglas had many careers. He was minded, right-wing, Goldwater Republican criminate between good and bad spending. first and foremost a teacher and econ07llist. country. "When the glsC'lers receded," he He saved the Indiana Dunes from the rav­ He took great sat isfaction when in later life would say, "they left thick black mud. The ages of both the steel companies and the the Cobb-Douglas production function was black mud turned into fertile prairies. The Indiana politicians. He not only wrote a vindicated after t he derision it encountered fertile prairies created prosperous farmers. book on Ethics in Government, but practiced when it was first published in 1928. As a And prosperous farmers are Republicans. It's it by returning any gift (except a book) pathbreaking explanation of the relat ive con­ not your fault we're the minority party here," worth more than $2.50. At the same time he sta.ncy of the shares of capital and labor in he would say. "Blame it on the glaciers." was very forgiving of the sins of his col- September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26399 leagues. "A Senator is confronted with more publican," was the perverse battle cry of memorating a half century of ever­ temptations in a year than most people are Rev. Mr. James Bevel) , and the murder of expanding service to the Lehigh Valley in the course of a lifetime," he said. his opponent's (Charles Percy's) daughter With Bill Proxmire as his floor lieutenant, played a far larger part in Douglas' ultimate with an 8-day celebration that will con­ he blocked the attempt by Everett Dirksen defeat than his age (74). But his support of clude with a gigantic air show on Octo­ to overthrow the One Man-One Vote deci­ the war sprang from no mean or unworthy ber 6-7, 1979. sion. Needing one-third plus one to prevent feeling. Its source was the same fundamen­ My district of Lehigh and Northamp­ cloture and the desecration of that great de­ tal conviction in support of collective secu­ ton Counties is justifiably proud of this cision, in the end Douglas and Proxmire got rity which led Douglas to oppose Hitler and showpiece facility, which has grown from two-thirds while Dirksen was left with one­ Mussolini in the 1930s. Even when facing a grassy plot in 1929 to a 90-acre facility third of the votes. While his use of the fili­ defeat Douglas refused to hedge on Viet­ buster may seem inconsistent with his lead­ nam, as he refused to hedge on open hous­ today. It is one of the few airports bom ership of the fight for majority rule in the ing. His opponent pandered to the prejudices in that period which is still serving air­ Senate, he justified using it to stop bad bills of the bigots by claiming at the penultimate lines from its original location. as long as it remained in the rules. "I do moment of the campaign that Douglas went John Henry Leh, an Allentown busi­ not intend to disarm unilaterally," was his too far in supporting an open housing bill nessman, is the sole surviving member of view. which candidate Percy himself had actively that group which had the vision to form Douglas' relationships with Dirksen were embraced only a few months before when the airport. generally friendly, if aloof, but this was not Douglas introduced it. the only time they differed on a great issue. Douglas was never short of enemies. Year Mr. Leh and the Lehigh and North­ While Douglas was one of a handful of Sena­ after year the lead sentence in a Chicago ampton Airport Authority, which ad­ tors with the courage to back Senator Ralph Tribune article would read "Senator Paul H. ministers the airport, hail the dedication Flanders' early resolution against Joe Mc­ Douglas (D-Ill.), who supported a Socialist of Wilfred M. "Wiley" Post, Jr., who Carthy, Dirksen became McCarthy's floor candidate for President, said today ..."and has unselfishly given of his time and leader and defense lawyer during the Mc­ it has recently been revealed that in 1941 the Carthy censure debate. FBI put his name on a list of persons whose his effort and has served as airport man­ It says something about the Senate at the arrest and custodial detention might be nec­ ager since 1937. time that it memorialized both the defender essary in time of war and maintained mi­ Mr. Leh and Mr. Post are truly pio­ of Joe McCarthy and the leader of the segre­ nutely detailed files on his political views neers of American aviation. gationists in that body (Senator Richard until at least 1964. A-B-E Airport is a key hub for air Russell) by naming the two present office Actually, Mr. Douglas went to Russia in buildings for them. 1927, interviewed Stalin and Trotsky, and service. Five airlines-USAir (formerly Douglas was the floor leader in 1956, 1957, drafted a scathing report on Soviet violations Allegheny) , Eastern, United, Altair, and and 1960 for the civil rights bills to enforce of civil liberties. In the 1930s he fought the Suburban-serve the airport. voting rights and the right of minorities Communist's Party's attempt to take over Approximately 650,000 passengers will under the Fourteenth Amendment to eat numerous progressive domestic groups. He have enplaned or deplaned at A-B-E in in restaurants, stay at hotels and motels, spoke out against the Hitler-Stalin Pact of 1979. The benefits t.o my district's econ­ and use public parks. While Douglas and his 1939, the litmus test for an opponent of the allies were ignominiously defeated initially­ party line, and was denounced by a Com­ omy have been tremendous. Johnson crushed them with a 76 to 6 vote munist daily in his own 5th Ward. The airport has kept pace with the in 1956-every key provision Douglas pro­ And although he supported Norman Thom­ aviation industry's growth. The new, posed finally became law in 1964 and 1965. as in 1932 because Hoover's policies were a three-story terminal complex, costing For example, in 1960 Douglas and Senator disaster and Roosevelt was proposing a bal­ $11 million, was placed into service on Javits of New York proposed an amendment anced budget at the depth of the depression, December 15, 1975. The longest of the to the Civil Rights bill to send federal reg­ Mr. Douglas never joined the Socialist Party. istrars into those states where the right of He told me many times that because he be­ airport's three runways is 7,600 feet, blacks to vote was denied. Majority Leader lieved in the diffusion of economic power enabling scheduled airlines to operate Lyndon Johnson moved and Minority Leader he could not sign the required party pledge without restrictions and allowing larger Everett Dirksen seconded the successful mo­ to support the ownership and control of the charter operators to land and take off. tion to table and hence kill that amendment. means of production by the state. As an example of A-B-E's role in the Five years to the day later, Johnson, as Presi­ Mr. Douglas delighted in showing visitors L-ehigh Valley's economic growth, there dent sent the identical language to the Sen­ to his office two pictures on each side of his were more than 131,000 flights recorded ate and Senator Dirksen introduced it. Both inner office door. One was a print of Hol­ then took credit for the bill and publicly bein's Erasmus. The other was a drawing of at the airport in 1978. Sophisticated safe­ preened themselves on the passage of this Sir Thomas More. He would point out that ty equipment has been added continually measure which they had originally opposed. like himself, both had been professors. Like as demands have grown at the airport. In 1951, with Joe Pechman as their expert, himself, Sir Thomas More went into politics, The most recent addition is the new au­ Paul Douglas and Hubert Humphrey but Erasmus stayed out. He would relate tomated radar terminal system which launched the first Senate attempt to re­ how More's head was chopped off but Eras­ enables traffic controllers to maintain form the tax code. Although success in this mus kept his. Then he would ask his guest in safer communication between ground area has been slower than in most, ultimately mock solemnity, "What is your advice? Should a professor go into politics and lose and air. Radar images, under this sys­ even the hardy depletion allowance suc­ tem, carry altimeter readings on control cumbed in part to their persistent efforts. his head, or stay out?" When he was defeated he gave each of us a screens, assuring pilots an added dimen­ Douglas wrote the first Truth in Lending token remembrance. His personal secretary bill, drafted the Depressed Areas legislation sion in safety. got the print of Giorgione's Tempest which Already on the drawing boards are (whose name was changed to Area Rede­ hung over her desk. He gave me the repro­ velopment, since no place was willing to be duction of Holbein's Erasmus and the draw­ plans for future improvements. These called depressed) , and shepherded the public ing of Sir Thomas More. include a new maintenance building and housing provisions of the landmark 1949 Paul Douglas' life and career exemplify the development of general aviation needs Housing Act through the Senate. standard set by Justice Oliver Wendell for the nearly 100 planes, corporate and His hearings and research studies on the Holmes in his Memorial Day speech in 1884: private, based at the airport. $1.00 minimum wage led to its passage with­ "As life is action and passion it is required out a vote. The Eisenhower administration of a man that he should share in the passion The Lehigh Valley's future can almost proposed 90 cents. The AFL-CIO had com­ and action of his time at peril of being be gaged by the airport's success. And mitments for $1.25 from a large nucleus of judged not to have lived." e the future seems to hold unlimited liberal Democratic and progressive Repub­ lican Senators. Douglas' detailed showing promise. that $1.00 was the right figure persuaded the A LANDMARK DAY FOR THE ALLEN­ Mr. Speaker, today I join with the Republicans, who did not want to offend TOWN-BETffi.JEHEM-EASTON Am­ half million citizens of the Lehigh Val~ the administration, and the Democrats, who PORT ley, as well as with the thousands of did not want to go back on their pledge, to other citizens who have used the airport allow the $1.00 figure to pass on a voice vote. It was a victory for objectivity over emotion, for business or pleasure, in expressing and at the time a considerable plum for an HON. DON RITTER our pride in the many people who have idealistic professor turned politican. OF PENNSYLVANIA built and served the airport over the Paul Douglas' support of the Vietnam IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years. Its role goes far beyond merely War was a mistake. That, along with the Wednesday, September 26, 1979 transportation. A-B-E Airport is a hub of civil rights marches in Chicago in the hot summer of 1966 ("We're going to march until • Mr. RITTER. Mr. Speaker, the Allen­ t,he~Lehigh Valley, and one of our area's every white man in the suburbs votes Re- town-Bethlehem-Easton Airport is com- greatest success stories.• 26400 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 TESTIMONY OF SOLAR LOBBY a bare bones Federal Energy Initiative pro­ This demonstration program calls for a gram is minimal. $100 million program. And here is where a The report from the April 24 and 25 hear­ single person has had the responsibility r!or HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR ings of the House Government Operations initiating the program and drafting the OF PENNSYLVANIA Committee highlights some of this scandal­ regulations. Money from this program ous behavior and includes supporting memo­ should surely be spent in conjunction with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES randa. In addition, you will be hearing from the provisions of the Energy Conservation Wednesday, September 26, 1979 the GAO about questions raised in several re­ and Solar Energy Federal Buildings, Part 3 cent reports regarding the management of of Title V. But the proposed rules contain • ~.~AR.]dr.Speaker,today,dur­ these Federal Solar and Conservation Build­ no hint that there is to be any coordination ing hearings before the Public Buildings ing Programs. at all between the two demonstration pro­ and Grounds Subcommittee, we heard Meantime, I would like to give you a grams. Indeed, instead of establishing some creative testimony from the Solar rough idea of how these administrative means of meshing these responsibilities in Lobby. I share Joan Shorey's comments faults and pressures have affected the draft­ DOE, the rules for this solar demonstration in hopes that more active oversight ing of the regulations called for in Title V. program indicate that once the program is Four specific proposed rules have been pub­ under way, the management will be turned might be developed at the Department over to NASA. of Energy and in Congress on these lished in the Federal Register: The Federal Energy Management and Planning Programs; As it stands, Section 549 of Part 3 re­ important issues. The statement follows: Procedures for Preliminary Audits and quires each Federal Agency preparing and TESTIMONY OF JOAN SHOREY OF THE SOLAR Guidelines for Building Plans, the Life Cycle submitting requests to Congress for the LoBBY Cost Methodology, the Solar in Federal Build­ authorization and appropriation of !funds to I thank you for the opportunity to a.ppear ings Demonstration Program, and the Regu­ identify in a separate line item those funds before you today. I am here as a representa­ lations to Monitor and Assess the Perform­ requested for the retrofit or initial costs tive of the Solar Lobby, a non-profit orga­ ance and Operation of Photovoltaic Systems of construction attributable to energy con­ nization formed over a year ago in response under the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization servation or utilization of solar energy. to the Sun Day, May 1978 clarion ca.ll for Program. I will submit comments on these I certainly hope this committee wlll pay our country's transition to solar energy. proposed rules for the record, if I may. special attention to the substance and fre­ Solar Lobby now has over 30,000 supporters. A few examples illustrate how necessary quency of these line items. They will indi­ we have an active Washington Office and an it is for you to be sure your congressional cate to you the commitment of federal agen­ expanding politica.l network comprised of interests are truly refiected in the regu­ cies to solar and conservation. They can serve state a.nd local .leaders from the solar latory process and to pound the table and as DOE's report cards on Title V. Examine community. agitate bastions of DOE when they are uot. them closely. During the 95th Congress Solar Lobby To begin, Part 3 section 547 calls for each A third example of DOE's timidity in bring­ worked extensively on the Domestic Policy Federal agency to conduct preliminary en­ ing forward Title V's provisions is its han­ Review, which resulted in the President's ergy audits of all Federal buildings under dling of the life-cycle cost methodology declaration that the U.S. will obtain 20% its jurisdiction with 30,000 or more square called for in section 545 of Part 3 of Title V. of its energy from solar sources by the year feet and with 1,000 or more but less than A life-cycle cost evaluation, as you are 2000. we also strongly supported the Photo­ 30,000 square feet. From these audits Federal aware, is particularly important for solar voltaic Research Development and Demon­ agencies are to select those buildings most energy where the initial costs may be higher stration Act of 1978. During this 1st session appropriate for retrofit measures for energy than conventional energy but the eventual of the 96th Congress, Solar Lobby has been conservation and solar technology. payback lower. The subsidies given other fuel very ac-tively involved in the development of The preliminary energy audit guidelines sources, the marginal costs of conventional a strong Solar Bank Act, increasing the tax were published in the April 26, 1979 Fed­ fuel, and price escalation projections must credits for both residential and commercial eral Register. But only buildings under 30,- all be taken into account when the econom­ solar systems as well as expanding the IRS' 000 square feet are to be evaluated using ics of solar versus conventional fuel is eval­ interpretation of solar systems to include solar criteria in the energy audits. Since uated. These considerations should be a part substantive passive solar energy provisions. these preliminary audits establish the first of a life-cycle cost methodology. But the pro­ Another of the Lobby's highest priorities cut for candidate buildings to begin the posed rules establishing the life-cycle cost has been the oversight both of existing leg­ retrofit program for both conservation and criteria leave out several. I am submitting islative programs and the tracking of regu­ solar energy use, the exclusion of solar testimony on these particular issues previ­ lations called for by recently enacted leg­ criteria !from a sizable stock of the Federal ously submitted by the Center for Renewable islation. I have been particularly involved store is plainly against the legislative in­ Resources. in this oversight and regulatory procedure, tent. It is an omission however that would What the proposed rule for a life-cycle cost and I certainly stress the importance and seem an easy issue to rectify. DOE never­ procedure does incorporate however, is the necessity of hearings such as you have sched­ theless, claims it is too difficult, too ex­ 10 % discount rate established in 1972 by uled these two days. pensive and that reports are already in for OMB for Federal procurements. And it is an The Federal Energy Initiative Title V of buildings over 30,000 square feet, even error. the National Energy Conservation Policy Act though these assessments were done prior The legislative mandate requesting this establishes a substantive foundation for a to NECPA and before solar energy criteria life-cycle costs methodology does call for the strong conservation and solar Federal pro­ were a part of the Federal Energy Manage­ consultation of DOE with the Office of Man­ gram. The mandate is there. The opportuni­ ment Program. Reluctance remains ram­ agement and Budget. But it is certainly not ties to encompass solar heating and cooling pant. Why? And why did this omission occur meant to sanction a procedure developed in and electrical generation in our Federal in the first place? 1972 before it was widely understood that a household are many. The procedures are One answer is that the Conservation Divi­ special economic evaluation should be re­ articulated. Yet, practically nothing has hap­ sion, with scant input from any solar staff, lated to solar and energy conservation. Surely pened. drafted the rules. And the other answer is the drafters of NECPA asked for a new for­ It is essential that this committee specifi­ that the top management of DOE does not mula. But it is like moulding saw dust to get cally examine two fundamental problems support .a, strong leadership role for its the top DOE cadre to overthrow outdated that lie at the root of this inexcusable inac­ agency in terms of seeking compliance lfrom strictures. tion. One is the inability of the management other federal agencies in implementing the Several memoranda have been circulated of the Department of Energy to implement provlsdons in Title V. This latter point was within DOE to set specific discount rates for the provisions of Title V according to the rather dramatically documented in a DOE solar energy applications apart from this clearly expressed mandates of the legislation. Memo that suggested that the Federal En­ 1972 provision. In addition, a letter signed The other is the failure of the proposed regu­ ergy Management Program "be as simple by 15 Senators and 32 Congressmen was sent lations to abide by Congressional intent. You and light handed on the agencies as man on July 5th to Secretary Schlesinger raising must not allow Title V to waft away as it can devise". Another memo questioned substantive questions about the provisions seems to be doing. Congressional surveillance whether DOE should continue to "play the of the proposed rule on life-cycle costs and is sorely needed. minimum role ... the minimum we must questioning the applicability of the existing During my work these past months three do to stay out of jail." To my knowledge OMB discount rate. Moreover the Office of serious fiaws in DOE's ability to cope with there is still no comprehensive solar and Technology Assessment sent a letter to Sen­ this legislation have surfaced over and over conservation preliminary energy audit de­ ator Durkin commenting on the proposed again. First, within the Office of Conserva­ spite the fact that this disregard of con­ rule. I urge this Committee to address this tion and Solar Applications, the conserva­ gressional intent has been brought to DOE issue. tion and solar divisions are ineffectively co­ attention by public comment and congres­ Commenting on regulations is often a joy­ ordinated. Second, staffing for specific so~ar sional inquiry. less task-and one performed without a large energy responsibilities is totally inadequate. For a second example of inadequate sup­ body of supporters. But how necessary it is. For instance, two programs with $100 mill1on port for the Title V provisions, look to the It has certainly been a. revelation to me these budget authorizations are each managed by management and coordination of the Dem­ past months to see how far afield the pro­ one in-house staff member. And finally, sup­ onstration of Solar Heating and Cooling posed rules can be from what are seemingly port from the top echelon of DOE for even in Federal Buildings, Part 2 of Title V. clearly established Congressional mandates. September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26401 I heartily support committees such as yours technology that may be available and a to stimulate the growth of small business, that take an active interest in exactly what 2-year program on a shared cost basis and antitrust activity must be intensified. happens to legislative provisions in the rule­ that will introduce that technology to the Trade barriers should be lowered or re­ making process. moved. Protectionism should be resisted be­ The NECPA's Title V, as well as past initi­ U.S. fishing industry through workshops, cause greater protection means less competi­ atives dealing with conservation and solar seminars, and test projects. My bill has tion and more infiation. energy use in Federal buildings, have simply been endorsed by the National Federa­ ENERGY POLICY not been pursued with any vigor or substance tion of Fishermen, the Alaska Shrimp by the Department of Energy or the Admin­ Trawlers Association, and numerous in­ We must shake off our dependence on for­ istration as a whole. It is a tragedy. Con­ eign oil. The astronomical incr-ease in oil price dividual fishermen and processors. These in recent years, brought about in large mea­ gress asked the Federal Government to move same individuals and groups oppose H.R. into the forefront of energy conservation and sure by the oil cartel, has se·nt ln:fiatlonary solar energy use in its own plentiful and 4360. shocks through the economy. Programs to visible stock of buildings. Legislative provi­ I think that we can, and will, have diminish the use of oil, both by conservation sions are there. Apt regulations could set it a stronger domestic fishing industry. and the development of substitute fuels, are all in motion. But it seems like Sisyphus However, we in the Congress should not essential. pushing a rock up a hill: Progress never delay fisheries development by bringing EXPORTS seems to take place. Perhaps this committee foreign vessels in to once more rape our Exports should be increased because a loss can assure a forward-moving Federal Initi­ resources.• of exports weakens the dollars, and every de­ ative. I hope so and offer any further help preciation of the dollar is infiationary. The that Solar Lobby can provide in moving and United States is the world's largest ex­ overturning the rocks in the way. Thank FIGHTING INFLATION porter, but just barely. We rank 15th among you for allowing me to have my say here exporters on a per capita basis. today.e HOUSING HON. LEE H. HAMILTON Housing costs must be cut through state A GOOD BILL FOR THE FISHING OF INDIANA and local government action to simplify IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES building codes, work rule standards, and INDUSTRY other regulations. The federal government Wednesday, September 26, 1979 must permit extra cutting of timber on its e Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would lands, a practice in line with principles of HON. DON YOUNG sound forest management. OF ALASKA like to insert my Washington report for FEDERAL MEASURES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, September 26, 1979, into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: The federal government should not be an Wednesday, September 26, 1979 inflationary price setter. Postal rates should FIGHTING INFLATION not rise more rapidly than the CPI (as they • Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, Inflation is the nation's most serious prob­ have an in recent years), and federal agencies on July 31, 1979, I introduced H.R. 5035, lem. The following are some of the steps I which regulate rates should confine increases the Fisheries Advanced Technology believe we should take to reduce inflation: to levels at or below the rate of in:fiation. Transfer Act, with 15 cosponsors. Today, FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY A subminimum wage for youthful workers I am reintroducing identical legislation Fiscal and monetary restraint is neces­ must be enacted by Congress, both to re­ with an additional seven cosponsors. sary to curb excess demand. The policy of duce labor costs and to make productive a regular deficits in the federal budget (only segment of the population which is com­ My reason for doing so is simple: Dur­ paratively unproductive. ing the past 2 weeks, the Subcommittee one surplus in 20 years) must be ended. How­ ever, we must cut deficits gradually because The CPI should be revised since the pres­ on Fisheries a.nd Wildlife Conservation too abrupt a move could cause major eco­ ent method of calculating it overstates both and the Environment has been holding nomic dislocations. food and housing costs. Because of indexa­ hearings on H.R. 4360, a piece of legisla­ Government expenditures should be re­ tion, an artificially high CPI Itself causes tn­ tion which will, in my opinion, negate duced as a percentage of the gross national fiation. the benefits of our 200-mile fisheries product. The total impact of government INFORMATION AND EDUCATION conservation law. As one witness re­ spending on the economy should be dimin­ The President must take the lead In ex­ marked to the subcommittee, the U.S. ished. plaining time and again to the American fishing industry neither wants nor needs The growth of the money supply must be people the dangers of unchecked infiation, the program proposed in H.R. 4360. H.R. carefully monitored to avoid infiation-gener­ and a report must be made on the inflation­ 4360 will allow, under a regulatory mech­ atling surges of credit. Reduced deficits would ary impact of every proposal made by the ease pressure on the Federal Reserve to adopt President and the Congress. anism that has not been fully explairied, expansionary monetary policies. Federal bor­ foreign fishing vessels to fish within our Intensive education should be used to rowing in private-sector money markets break the psychology of infiation. 200-mile zone to teach U.S. fishermen would then be lessened as we slowed growth how to fish. This is patently ridiculous! in the money supply and moved toward a My suggestions offer no solace to those The fishing industry has already policy of steady money growth. who look for a single, simple solution to the u.s. problem of infiation. However, I a.m per­ taken advantage of the 200-mile law to Indexation of taxes and government pro­ suaded that the assault on inflation must move into underdeveloped fisheries. We grams (based on the Consumer Price Index, take place on a variety of fronts. My list is have seen reductions in foreign quotas or CPI) is itself infiationary, so it should be not all-inclusive, but I do believe this: If of pollock, herring, and cod. The North avoided to the extent possible. we can muster the political will to take these Pacific Fishery Management Council will When federal revenues are sufficient for a steps, we will be su:rprised by a sharply re­ tax cut, such a cut must be designed to boost duced rate of in:tlatlon.e meet shortly to examine the tanner crab productivity (e.g., by accelerated deprecia­ fishery and is expected to ban all for­ tion write-offs), investment, and savings. eign fishing for tanner crab because U.S. fishermen are capable of fully utilizing PRODUCTIVITY Spending for research and development PERSONAL EXPLANATION the resource. At least one fishing com­ should be increased, and deregulation should pany on the east coast has invested over be used to revive the discipline of the $2 million i.n new vessels to catch At­ marketplace. HON. BENNETT M. STEWART lantic squid. Our fishermen do not need Federal regulatory policy must be reformed OF ILLINOIS foreign vessels to teach them how to fish. to ensure that worthy goals are met at the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES One potential problem that has been lowest possible cost. The number and com­ identified is the transfer of foreign tech­ plexity of regulations must be reduced, and Wednesday, September 26, 1979 nology to U.S. fishermen. There is some every regulation must be subjected to a rig­ • Mr. STEWART. Mr. Speaker, yester­ indicatiQn that the U.S. fishing industry orous cost-benefit analysis. day, as a member of the Transportation would develop more rapidly if technology The hard-core unemployed should be con­ verted 1nto productive citizens through Appropriations Subcommittee of the currently available in foreign nations special "targeted" employment programs. House Appropriations Committee, I was was brought to the United States. My Emphasis should be placed on private-sector inspecting the latest safety activities of bill will accomplish that without allow­ jobs. the Federal Railroad Administration. As ing foreign vessels within our 200-mile COMPETITION a result, I missed two votes. Had I been zone. It provides for a 6-month study Competition must be promoted because it present, I would have voted "aye" on roll by the Department of C<:>mmerce of the forces prices down. Incentives must be used No. 500 and "aye" on roll No. 50l.e 26402 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP CON- to prohibit discrimination in all forms of for vasectomies, circumcisions and prostate FERRED ON 31 RESIDENTS OF insurance on the basis of race, color, re­ conditions. MARYLAND SECOND CONGRES­ ligion, sex, or national origin. That bill Last year Congress amended the 1964 Civil Rights Act's prohibition against sex discrimi­ SIONAL DISTRICT now has over 60 cosponsors, and I am nation in employment to include discrimina­ glad to say that I am one of them. tion on the basis of pregnancy or pregnancy­ HON. CLARENCE D. LONG The current October 1979 issue of related (except abortion) conditions. That Working Women, a national publication amendment was an enormous step forward OF MARYLAND devoted to the concerns of the millions for women, but as far as insurance is con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cerned, it affects only employment group of women who work in our country, con­ policies, not private group or individual Wednesday, September 26, 1979 tains an excellent article describing some policies. • Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, of the extensive discriminations against The amendment does not eliminate other it is with particular pleasure that I con­ women in connection with their insur­ inequities found in the conditions and costs gratulate 31 residents of Maryland's Sec­ ance needs, and how the Dingell bill, of disability insurance. For example, disabil­ ond Congressional District who have H.R. 100, seeks to remedy that problem. ity insurance for all insured persons is sub­ chosen to become American citizens, I believe that this article will help ject to three time variables: ( 1) the waiting Members of this House and the Con­ period, the length of time for which an in­ with all of the responsibilities that free­ dividual must be disabled before he or she dom and citizenship entail. I hope that gress, as well as many other readers of can collect benefits; (2) the benefit period, you will join me in welcoming these new the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, to Obtain a the maximum time for which the insured i!' Americans and extend to them our better understanding of the problem paid benefits; and (3) the basic period, the wishes for a happy and prosperous life in and what the Dingell bill will do. I in­ time for which the insured is deemed com­ the homeland we love. They are as sert the article at this point in the pletely unable to perform the duties of his follows: RECORD : or her chosen occupation. (Once the basic period has expired, the insured must prove Mr. Vladimir N. Zolotoochin. INSURING WOMEN: SEPARATE AND UNEQUAL POLICIES that he or she is unable to perform the Mrs. Despina. Kondylas. functions of any job in order to continue Mrs. Cleofe C. Vanhook. (By Ann O'Shea) Mr. Young Sel Lee. to collect for the remaining benefit period.) Charging that "the business of insurance According to a. report published by the Miss Susana Marla Flores Allnsod. is rife with discrimination," Congressman Mrs. Adriana F . Allnsod. Women's Equity Action League, prepared by John Dlngell (D, Michigan) introduced his Naomi Naierman and Ruth Brannon, health Mr. Ramdial Toolsee. nondlscrlmlnation-in-lnsurance blll (HR Mr. Horn-Wen Wang. analysts for ABT Associates, a consulting 100) earlier this year. If passed, the blll wlll firm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Mr. Gholamali Delkohoon cause a virtual revolution in the insurance Mr. Soon Jin Kim in behalf of Yuri Kim. waiting period are usually much longer for industry, particularly for women, since dis­ women than for men, while benefit periods Mr. Dean Edward MUls in behalf of Ste- crimination based on sex is the most perva­ phen R. Mllls. are almost universally shorter for women. sive and flagrant form of unequal treatment The length of the benefit period is supposed Mrs. Entona Farmer. in insurance. Mrs. Momena. Ramjohn. to be determined according to the risk in­ Mr. Sang Muk Lee. Discrimination a.tfects not only the rates herent in the insured's occupation: Men in Mr. Che Young So. women pay for insurance, but whether cer­ the least-hazardous occupations can obtain Mr. Robert J. Cameron in behalf of Jacque­ tain kinds of insurance are even available to policies providing ten-year benefit periods, nne Eveline Cameron. women and the terms and conditions under women in the same occupations usually are Mrs. Soon Jin Kim in behalf of Marla Eco which any insurance is available. Classifica­ limited to two-year periods. And, while Kim. tion by gender has been the industry's stand­ women in the most-hazardous jobs are ex­ Mr. Joachim F. Fuks. ard, traditional method of determining risk. cluded from coverage entirely, simllarly em­ Miss Amonrath Chlttchang. For most types of insurance, fexnales almost ployed men are covered for two years. Thus, Mr. Mathuram Santosham. always are considered to be higher risks than women in the least-hazardous occupations Mrs. Clare Ann McDonald. their male counterparts. are llmlted to the same coverage available Mrs. Elizabeth C. Cameron. Last year, the US Civll Rights Commis­ to men in the most-hazardous jobs, or are Mrs. Ferial F . Marzouk. sion held hearings on discrimination in in­ excluded altogether. The reason seems to Mr. Tewfik Y. Marzouk. surance. Here are some of the inequities fac­ be that the insurance industry suspiciously Mr. Syed M. Naseem. ing women in dlsabllity, health, life and pen­ views women workers as shirkers and possi­ Mrs. Mary M. Tiburzl. sion insurance that were detailed in the ble cheats. Until 1975, North American Reas­ Mr. Sung B. Hue. hearings. surance Company's underwriters manual ex­ DISABILITY INSURANCE pressed the common assumption that "if a Mr. Ram Dev Ral Sood. woman has disabillty coverage, the tempta­ Mr. Song Won Pak. Untll 1972, the California Insurance Code tion exists to replace her earnings with an Mrs. Kyong Hae Pak. permitted insurance companies to refuse dis­ insurance income once work loses it.s at­ Mrs. Marla C. Ridgley.e abllity payments for injuries resulting from "war, suicide, hallucinatory dnlgs and organs tractiveness." pecullar to females." California was not alone Furthermore, while the basic period for and, in fact, was one of the few states where men is generally five years, it is only two INSURING WOMEN-SEPARATE AND years for women. Barbara. Shack of the New UNEQUAL POLICIES any type of dlsabllity coverage was avallable to women-on any terms, at any price. Dis­ York Civil Liberties Union described the abllity discrimination applled to both group result of the discrepancy this way: "After HON. MICKEY LELAND employment and private pollcies and was ra­ two years, a female neurosurgeon with fall­ tionallzed on the grounds that women were ing eyesight would be expected to perform OF TEXAS dependent on men and any income they the duties of a chambermaid, while a sim­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES might earn was not crucial to them or their ilar male would receive coverage for five years." Wednesday, September 26, 1979 families. Since 50 percent of all women today work and more than 60 percent of those On a basic disab111ty plan, according to • Mr. LELAND. Mr. Speaker, the wide­ women do so because they are single, di­ the Naierman-Brannon report. men can re­ spread race discrimination and sex dis­ vorced, widowed or separated or in order to ceive benefits equal to two-thirds of their crimination practiced by insurance com­ raise their family income to $10,000 a year, salary, up to $1,000 a month; women are often restricted to a maximum of $~00 ner month. panies is a blot on our Nation and a bur­ that contention no longer has an actuarial leg to stand on. Yet women often are charged 150 percent den on the economic well-being of mil­ more for the same or less coverage. lions of persons. Such discrimination in Even when disabllity insurance was avail­ able to women, coverage for any disabling ef­ HEALTH INSURANCE insurance is imposed not only against feots of pregnancy or pregnancy-related con­ As wHh disabillty insurance, health-in­ persons seeking to obtain insurance pol­ ditions was excluded almost universally. surance policies more often than not exclude icies and contracts, but also in the terms, Pregnancy, the insurance industry contended, pregnancy from coverage. According to a 1975 conditions, requirements, and benefits was a condition that was "voluntary and Health Insurance Institute study, 56.4 per­ available to those who have been able to unique to women," and thus women alone cent of all new health-insurance group pol­ obtain insurance coverage of some sort. should bear the burden. The Supreme Court icies do not include maternity benefits. De­ Congress has failed to tackle the prob­ upheld the constitutionality of such restric­ spite the fact that there are important pub­ tions, ruling that "exclusion of pregnancy lic policy reasons for providing both d1s­ lems of race and sex discrimination in [from disability plans] is not gender-based ab111ty and health insurance coverage for insurance-until this year, when our col­ discrimination," since men were not covered pregnancy, the insurance industry claims league, Representative JOHN D. DINGELL, for the risks of pregnancy either. Yet these that if pregnancy were included in either of Michigan, introduced his bill, H.R. 100, same exclusionary policies included benefits health or disabllity policies, the cost of in- September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26403 surance would be prohibitive. Yet the Citi­ bill, the very purpose of insurance is to Government for financial reporting, zens Advisory Council on the Status of spread risks. And although insurance poli­ taxes and other requirements and would Women reported that a large, unidentified cies, to be fair, must discriminate between operate as a nonprofit and nonpartisan insurance company has determined that i! groups that are subject to greater risks and organization. employer group coverage included pregnancy those that present smaller risks, the insur­ in both medical and disability insurance pol­ ance industry traditionally has differentiated It is important that the NSPS can con­ icies, the premium payable by a group with across the board by use of gender classifica­ tinue to operate at full strength. I hope 40 percent of its members being female would tion, with women automatically considered all my colleagues in the House of Repre­ be increased by only 10 percent. to be greater risks than men. Other criteria sentatives recognize the merits of this Not only are women unlikely to collect ma­ such as smoking and drinking habits, gen­ legislation and the special needs of this ternity benefits, they are not likely to col­ eral health, family medical history, occu­ fine organization and join me and the lect insurance for the medical costs of pational and recreational activities and so on, have been disregarded in favor of classi­ following cosponsors of this measure. sterilization, contraception or other birth­ Cosponsors of H.R. 2279-National Ski control measures, and many policies exclude fication on the basis of sex. any gynecological disorders from coverage. Computing rates, benefits and risks on Patrol Federal Charter are: Health insurance, even without maternity the basis of gender is a simple and conven­ Austin Murphy, 212 CHOB, Pennsylvania. benefits, is virtually without exception sub­ ient method for the insurance cOinpanies. Toby Roth, 1008 LHOB, Wisconsin. stantially more expensive for women than for There is only one easy-to-ascertain variable Dan Marriott, 1133 LHOB, Utah. men, on grounds that women use more health the insurer has to take into account rather Robert Lagomarsino, 1117 LHOB, Califor- services than men. Statistics bear this out than several variables. Although convenient nia. (maternity care accounts for most of the for insurance companies, this method resuLts Bill Young, 2453 RHOB, Florida. extra use), but there is also data that sug­ in gross inequities in the treatment of Bill Whitehurst, 2427 RHOB, Virginia. gest that, overall, men's claims may be more women. Norman D'Amours, 1503 LHOB, New Hamp- expensive than women's. Dingell's bill, if it becomes law, will ellmi­ shire. Higher premiums can affect more than nate discrimination on the basis of sex in Jim Johnson, 2242 RHOB, Colorado. women's pocketbooks. Some major insur­ the rates charged, the availability and terms Ray Kogovsek, 501 CHOB, Colorado. ance companies increase their group health of various kinds of coverage and the bene­ Richard Cheney, 427 CHOB, Wyoming. premiums if the benefits on women represent fits conferred. The bill is expected to receive Jim Jeffords, 1510 LHOB, Vermont. 11 percent or more of the total benefits. This considerable opposition from the insurance Doug Walgren, 117 CHOB, Pennsylvania. sort of practice does not serve as an induce­ industry, one of the most powerful lobby Arlen Erdahl, 1017 LHOB, Minnesota. ment to the employment of women. groups in Washington. It won't be an easy Ken Kramer, 1724 LHOB, Colorado. task, but the bill's supporters are hopeful Bob Dornan, 419 CHOB, California. LIFE AND PENSION INSURANCE that sex discrimination in insurance pollcies Life insurance is the only type of per­ finally can be stamped out.e Lawrence Coughlin, 306 CHOB, Pennsyl- sonal insurance for which women may pay vania. less than men. But even here, aside from the Ben Gilman, 2454 RHOB, New York. various options that are not made available THE SKI PATROL CHARTER FIGHT; Marjorie Holt, 2434 RHOB, Maryland. to them, women are discriminated against. WHY THEY NEED IT-FAST Jim Hanley, 239 CHOB, New York. Premiums for women are based usually on a Barry Goldwater, 2240 RHOB, California. three-year setback, which means that women John LaFalce, 225 CHOB, New York. pay the same rate as men who are three years HON. JACK F. KEMP Henry Nowak, 1514 LHOB, New York. Dan Lungren, 1313 LHOB, California. younger than they, because women as a group OF NEW YORK tend to live longer than men. But since wom­ Stan Lundine, 430 CHOB, New York. en, on the average, live six to nine years IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Larry Winn, 2416 RHOB, Kansas. longer than men, if strict actuarial principles Wednesday, September 26, 1979 Pat Schroeder, 2437 RHOB, Colorado. were followed, their premiums should be Steve Symins, 2244 RHOB, Idaho. based on at least a six-year setback. • Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, in February Charles Pashayan, 1427 LHOB, California. The other side of the life-expectancy in­ I introduced H.R. 2279, a bill granting a Robert Roe, 2243 RHOB, New Jersey, surance coin shows up in pension and an­ Federal charter to the National Ski James Courter, 324 CHOB, New Jersey. nuity plans. Because the average woman Patrol System. The companion bill, S. 43, Lester Wolff, 2463 RHOB, New Jersey. George Hansen, 1125 LHOB, Idaho. lives longer than the average man, women introduced by Senator ORRIN HATCH, has either must contribute more than men do Silvio Conte, 2300 RHOB, Massachusetts. to their pension plans prior to retirement or over two-thirds of the Senate body sup­ Harold Sawyer, 123 CHOB, Michigan. receive lower monthly benefits after retire­ porting it. ment. The insurance industry insists that The National Ski Patrol (NSPS), a Mr. Speaker, I commend to my col­ it all comes out even in the end, since the nonprofit organization with a member­ leagues the following excerpts from a average woman will live longer to collect ship of over 23,000 has been serving the brief by the legal counsel, Walter Gregg. than the average man. Representative Din­ winter sports communities since it was The article appeared in the September gell describes this rationalization as a "dis­ first organized in 1938. This volunteer 1949 issue of Skier and provides specific tortion of the 'average' woman and 'aver­ group has provided meritorious service details about the comments I have just age'man." made. The Congressman's point was demon­ and significant contributions to winter strated in a recent Supreme Court case, Los sport enthusiasts throughout the United The article follows: Angeles Department of Water and. Power v. States. However, unless certain steps THE SKI PATROL CHARTER FIGHT; WHY THEY Manhart, in which the insurance company are taken in the near future the NSPS NEED IT . . . FAST presented figures concerning male/ female may have to curtail its important work. Substantial reasons support the National survival experience in order to justify the Briefly, the NSPS is asking Congress to Ski Patrol System's application and request rationale for requiring female employees grant it a Federal charter since its ac­ for a Federal Charter. to make greater payments than men em­ tivities are clearly national in scope and A Federal Charter would provide the neces­ ployees to the pension plan. The figures in­ sary legal basis for this national volunteer dicated that of 100,000 men and 100,000 the plethora of the various State filing requirements is causing a huge financial training and service organization which has women retiring at age 65, 13,807 more males been providing skilled first aid and toboggan than females died between the ages of 66 and and personal drain on the organization. 80. But, as Dingell points out, the insurance Each State requires reports, registration rescue for injured sklers, winter and moun­ company's figures also show that 86,193 men and filing fees. The NSPS has neither the tain search and rescue operations during had the same death age as 86,193 women­ hazardous weather emergencies, avalanche funds nor the personnel to meet these control to prevent catastrophes in public that is, over 86 percent of the women could official requirements. As a result the be paired at death age with over 86 percent ski areas, and nation-wide programs to pro­ of the men. But because less than 14 percent patrol may be required to scale down its mote safety and reduce accidents in skiing of the women lived longer than the men, all operations. and other winter sports as a free public serv­ women receiver lower monthly and lower The bill does not authorize or antici­ ice to Americans who have been enjoying lifetime retirement benefits than all the pate any Federal subsidy; nor does it winter sports in ever increasing numbers and men. The Supreme Court ruled in the Man­ relieve the NSPS from Government ac­ greater safety since 1938. National Ski Patrol­ hart case that this unequal treatment vio­ countability. A Federal charter enacted ers, trained to the Advanced First Aid stand­ lated Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, ards of the American Red Cross supple­ by Congress, however, would save thou­ mented with Emergency Winter First Aid and which "precludes treatment of individuals sands of dollars now expended by the as simply components of a . . . sexual . . . Rescue training on a nationally supervised class," since "there is no assurance that any patrol to prepare a wide variety of forms basis are men and women from all walks of individual woman ... will actually fit the and pay the accompanying fees. This American life, who give freely of their generalization." charter would make the NSPS directly recreational time to carry out the purpoSP.!< As Dingell noted when he introduced his accountable to Congress and the Federal of the National Ski Patrol. 26404 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 Without a Federal Charter a considerable MARJORIE BENTON COMMENTS match such a build-up, but at a price tag of portion of volunteer time must be devoted to ON SALT II approximately $30-70 billdon. The net effect paperwork to meet the many varying regis­ of this would be an unTestralned and costly tration and reporting procedures governing strategic a.rms competition without any in­ non-profit corporation activities in each of HON. PAUL SIMON crease in military security. the many winter sports states. OF ILLINOIS And, finally, in the absence of Salt, other Standards for the granting of Federal char­ nations contemplating the acqulsdtion of t ers for non-profit corporations have been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nuclear weapons would have stronger rea­ adopted by committees of Congress, but the Wednesday, September 26, 1979 sons-believable or not, to pursue their National Ski Patrol System Inc. has more goals. than met the minimum standards required. • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, during the I ask for your support of these treaties The NSPS is a New York not-for-profit cor­ recess I had a chance to catch upon some because they a.re clearly in our national in­ poration. This corporation has operated con­ of my reading, and I came across an arti­ terest. The treaty will both enhance our na­ tinuously since the date of incorporation in cle on SALT II by Marjorie Craig Benton tional security and, at the same time, limit 1948 up to and including this date. that is worth the attention of my col­ strategic a.rms competition. We need to act now, the next round of problems in the area The NSPS is a corporation operating not leagues. of strategi<' ~rms is already pressing on us.e only within the United States but also ln She was one of our U.S. delegates to several foreign countries where US military the U.N. session on disarmament and has forces are stationed. It is a non-profit organi­ shown above average interest and knowl­ THE RELEASE OF YACOBO zation supported almost entirely by the dues edge and leadership on the whole ques­ TIMERMAN and contributions of its own membership. tion of arms control. With the exception of a very few full and I urge my colleagues to read her state­ part-time employees, (nine in number) al­ HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN most all of the 24,000 to 25,000 members of ment. the organization furnish their services in SALT II OF MASSACHUSETTS varying capacities on a strictly volunteer (By Marjorie Craig Benton) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES basis. The debate over the Salt II treaties has Wednesday, September 26, 1979 To further illustrate the uniqueness, the been going on for years. It has been blind­ United States Forest Service, with whom the ingly complicated and the average citizen • Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, it was with NSPS is affiliated, has found it necessary to has been left completely baffied. Because of a great deal of joy that I learned today discontinue avalanche control programs the complexity of the agreements, it is easy of the release of Yacobo Timerman, the which it formerly took responsib111ty for in to select specific issues and items, ignore influential editor and publisher of the many parts of the country. Although the others and come out with "convincing" argu­ Argentine daily La Opinion, who has Forest Service is continuing in the field of ments against the new treaties. I think it is important to concentrate on been in official detention without formal training and education for avalanche control, charges for the last 29 months. In No­ it is no longer active in the control aspect of the main points of the treaties. First, it must avalanches. Accordingly, the NSPS is the only be understood that the treaty imposes limits vember 1976, I traveled to Argentina on organization presently engaged in avalanche not on the missiles themselves, but on the a factftnding mission with Amnesty In­ launchers-that is, the ground silos, the sub­ control and is the only organization which, ternational. It was then that I met marines and the long range bombers. The Yacobo Timerman and realized the great in the foreseeable future, will be involved in treaty will for the first time, limit each side such work. to equal numbers of strategic arms--ini­ talent that this man devoted to his work. Furthermore, members of the NSPS serve tially, the level will be at a total of 2400 de­ Timerman's original arrest was made in many search and rescue operations, work­ livery vehicles each. This figure will later be on the basis of an article printed in his ing hand-in-hand wit h other rescue organi­ reduced to 2250 and within that total a maxi­ paper in early 1977 in which he accused zations, including, but not limited to, local mum number of 1320 mirved weapons will be the chief of the armed forces in Buenos law enforcement agencies, the American Red allowed (Mirv means those missiles that are Aires of anti-Semitic conduct. Timerman Cross and others. armed with more than one warhead each). was "viciously and violently tortured" The NSPS is at the present time operating Under these provisions, the Russians will after his arrest, says his son, Hector, who in many states and foreign countries and is have to dismantle approximately 250 systems. The U.S. won't have to dismantle any. has been instrumental in raising his unable to comply with the various reporting father's case in international circles. requirements imposed by law in these juris­ There is agreement to limit the number of In October 1977, the military tribunal dictions. It is, with three or four exceptions, warheads per missile to the maximum num­ carrying on without compliance with these ber thus far tested on that type of missile. declared that there were no charges with requirements. It is believed that those juris­ This reduces by more than half the number which to hold Timerman, and in July of dictions which are aware of the activities and of weapons the Soviets could eventually have the following year, the Supreme Court have not, 'as yet, "come down on the NSPS" mounted on their ICBM's. decided that his original arrest in April are allowing an opportunity to get its house Both sides have agreed to provide each 1977 was illegal-the first time such in order. Some state officials queried on this other with testing and perfonnance dalta on action was taken in Argentine court his­ point have stated that if a Federal charter is their delivery systems. tory. In the meantime, Timerman was issued the NSPS would t hen be in a position Both sides pledge not to interfere with each other's "national technical means." It transferred from prison to his home and to operate within those states in the same kept under house arrest. Earlier this manner in which the American Red Cross is strongly believed that the Salt II agree­ operates, i.e., as a Federally chartered orga­ ment can be verified by these means, includ­ month, the Argentine Supreme Court nization, and thus exempt from that state's ing photo reconnaissance satellites and other once again ruled unanimously that the registration and annual reporting procedures. technical measures. No significant violation military junta should release Timerman. It is doubtful that those st ates will tolerate of the treaty could take place without the Timerman has been flown to New York continued e.ctivities in the absence of such United States detecting it. App!l'opriate ac­ to be reunited with his wife and son tion could take place before any adverse registration and annual reporting if a Fed­ befure traveling on to Israel where his eral charter is not granted. impact on the strategd.c balance could take place. A U.S.-U.S.S.R. Standing Consultative family will now settle. His release marks If the situation does arise whereby these Commission (SCC) has been set up as a con­ the culmination of an international cam­ states will no longer tolerate continued ex­ tinuing forum to deal with questions of in­ paign by the U.S. Government, Israel, istence in the absence of such registration terpretation and compliance. During the last Jewish organizations around the world, and reporting on an annual basis the NSPS five years, compliance monitoring and sec and many concerned Members of Con­ will then have no alternative but to cease consultations have become an integral part gress who drew attention to his case. to exist. of the Salt process. I am most relieved by his release and The NSPS patrol activities, now with the I think it is important to consider what know that he can now build a new lifo in advent of the nordic patrols, moves even would happen if we do not verify the Israel with his family. I commend the deeper into lands controlled by the United treaties. States Parks Service and the United States Members of this body who have spoken I believe the United States would slip back out in the past and urge them to con­ Forest Dervice, a.nd as a consequence, it will quickly into a cold war atmosphere with the have ever increasing contact with these gov­ U.S.S.R. Salt II is now the central theme tinue to speak out on behalf of all the ernment al bureaus, com.missions, and de­ of our relations with the Russians. missing and disappeaTed persons that partments: In addition it should be noted If there is no Salt II treaty, our intelli­ remain in Argentina. Timerman's release that this organization does not now receive, gence estimates that the Soviets, just with is a major step forward, but we all know nor has it ever received, any subsidy or fee the momentum of their present program, that, unfortunately, Argentina still falls of any kind from tax dollars at a Federal, could deploy some 500 more nuclear delivery short of meeting fundamental standards state or locallevel.e systems by 1985 The United States could of human rights.• September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26405 THE PLO: A FACT OF LIFE bent solely upon the destruction of Israel. 1977, Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance rec­ The language of the P.L.O.'s charter speaks ognized publicly that the P .L.O. had dUfi­ of creating a democratic Palestinian state culties with Resolution 242 because it viewed HON. PAUL FINDLEY on the territory of Palestine. But Israel's them as nothing more than refugees. OF ILLINOIS interpretation could be termed sound inas­ "I think the policy makers in Washington much as Palestinians themselves have viewed have realized that Resolution 242 is out­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Article 27 as calling for the demise of Israel. dated," said a European diplomat in the Mid­ Wednesday, September 26, 1979 Last January, the Palestine National Council dle East. "The Palestinians are a problem not which is the quasilegislature of the P.L.o., in terms of refugees but of their national • Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, there is reaffirmed in Damascus that "armed, polit­ identity. The P.L.O. has said time and again a growing recognition in this country ical and popular struggle in the occupied that 242 is totally unacceptable if their rights that the PLO is a factor which the lands form the cornerstone of its policy" and are not included. The P.L.O. is being asked United States will have to consider as it demanded "the rejection of all capitulation- to recognize Israel when Israel has made it seeks to promote peace in the Middle 1st solutions as offered by the United States." very clear that it will never recognize the To the Israelis, the real intentions of the P.L.O." East. This recognition should lead us to A senior American diplomat with whom I realize that it is time for the United P.L.O. have been exemplified by its terrorist tactics-hijackings, market bombings, rocket spoke doubted that the resolution, which States and the Palestine Liberation Or­ attacks, the massacre of Israeli athletes at took five months to negotiate, could be ganization to open a dialog. The ob­ the 1972 Munich Olympics and the slaughter changed. "It is the only thing that all these jective of this dialog should be PLO of schoolchildren at Maalot in 1974. Israel's Arab states and Israel have accepted. It is the basis for the peace treaty and for what acceptance of Israel and its integration Prime Minister, Menachem Be~in, has been into the peace process. emphatic about the P.L.O.: "The most bar­ we are doing in the autonomy negotiattons." baric organization since the Nazis." In fact, Israel warned recently that if Reso­ I recommend the following New York lution 242 were altered, it would consider the Times magazine article by Christopher Some Palestinians, recalling Mr. Begins' Camp David accords, which were based on Wren which thoughtfully makes an own early years as a terrorist, have told me the resolution and in turn form the ground­ argument for the United States to begin that they have only taken a cue from his work for the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, Zionist underground group, the Irgun Zve: null and void. talking to the PLO. Leumi, which was responsible, among other But the American official noted that "the [From the New York Times Magazine, acts, for the massacre of several hundred pragmatists in the P L .O . are sending out men, women and children in the Arab vil­ Sept. 9, 1979] word that it might accept Resolution 242 CONFRONTING THE PLO lage of Deir Yassin in 1948. When the self­ with some add! tions recognizing Palestinian styled Eagles of the Palestinian revolution (By Christopher Wren) rights. I think we have to treat it very seri­ seized the Egyptian Embassy in Ankara last ously." One possible compromise may be to Yasir Arafat, chairman of the executive July, Israel cited it as proof that the P.L.O. pair the resolution with another existing committee of the Palestine Liberation Or­ was a "bunch of murderers." Yet it was a United Nations resolution supporting Pales­ ganization, likes to show visitors in Beirut P.L.O. mission that talked the terrorists into tinian riP;hts. a statuette of an Aztec, emphasizing that giving up. While some Palestinians have be­ The P.L.O. is obviously unwilling to play the Palestinians will not be swept into ex­ come less sympathetic toward such terrorism its trump card, the acknowledgment of tinction as were those ancient Mexicans. abroad, popular support for operations Israel's existence, if it gets nothing in return. And, he makes clear, the P.L.O. is the chief against Israel itself seems undiminished. And Israel has been consistent in its adamant preventive force. The subject of terrorism and the P.L.O. refusal to have anything to do with the P.L.O. Created by Egypt and other Arab states came up repeatedly when Sha!ik al-Hout, a Moreover, with an American Preside-ntial 15 years ago, the P.L.O. embraces an assort­ P.L.O. official in Beirut, made a three-week election campaign only months away, Mr. ment of rival political and guerrilla factions. le::ture tour in the United States over Israeli Carter would have to weigh any P.L.O. open­ The question of how seriously the P.L.O. objections last spring. Mr. Hout replied that ing against the inevitable protests from deserves to be taken has been raised anew "if terrorism is to be condemned, let it be Israel and its supporters. by the latest United Nations Security Coun­ an unprejudiced condemnation .... To deny The Israeli argument is that any peace cil debate over the rights of nearly four our people the right to repatriation and self­ overture from the P L.O. would only be a million Palestinians-nearly half living un­ determination, and to condemn us to desti­ stratagem to get a Palestinian state in the der Israeli authority. The United States had tution forever, and at the same time ask us West Bank and Gaza Strip and that this en­ promised Israel not to deal with the P.L 0. to remain silent, that would be impossible. tity, with ties to the Soviet bloc and to other until it accepted the United Nations resolu­ It would be hypocrisy." radical regimes in the area, would pose a tion recognizing Israel's right to exist. When There have been indications in recent years threat to Israel's existence. Andrew Young, the acting American dele­ that the P .L.O. might acknowledge the exist­ The Carter Administration has already ex­ gate to the United Nations, resigned last ence of Israel if the Palestinian right to self­ pressed doubts about letting a sovereign month over the disclosure that he had met determination were also accepted. In 1974, Palestinian state emerge and moderate Arab with a P.L.O. representative in New York, the Palestinian National Council expressed states, such as Saudi Arabia and Joruan, the issue of the P.L.O. was projected into support for the establishment of a Pales­ which profess support for the idea, would be American domestic politics. tinian state on any land "recovered" from unlikely to let the radicals take over for fear Still, a variety of indirect contacts has Israel, suggesting for the first time that the that could destabilize the entire region. already taken place between the P.L.O. and P L.O. Inight settle for the West Bank and Mr. Arafat, however, told Anthony Lewis, Washington, primarily through Saudi Arabia Gaza Strip. "Assume that a Palestinian state has been and, more recently, through other Western Yasir Arafat told the New York Times col­ founded. Would you believe that a state diplomats at the United Nations. After the umnist Anthony Lewis last year that the "only possible solution" was a Soviet-Ameri­ which is going to start from zero for the American Ambassador to Lebanon, Francis establishment of its institutions, its economy, Meloy Jr., was assassinated in June 1976, the can guarantee for both Israel and a Pales­ tinian state. The P.L.O. leader has dropped culture, social problema-would such a state security officers of the American Embassy be able to form any serious threat against in Beirut were authorized to keep in contact similar hints to American congressmen. But with his usual backtracl<"inP;. Mr. Arafat told Israel?" with their P.L.O. counterparts. Even the Soviet Union which is anxious to a recent rally in Beirut that "if the Palestin­ American diplomats stationed in the maintain a Middle East foothold, has been Middle East invariably find themselves rub­ ian state is to be a gift from Carter, we don't want it" and bragged that "our state will be cautious about its links with the P.L.O., for bing shoulders with the P.L.O., though they all the professions of support. Though Mr. are instructed to keep their distance. "You established through our guns." The ambiguity seems intended. for Mr. Arafat first visited Moscow in 1968, the P.L.O. don't walk anywhere without meeting a was not invited to open an office there until Palestinian and you don't ask for his creden­ Arafat has been cautious about outdistanc­ ing his shaky consensus. According to one 1974 and did not get around to doing so tials," explained a senior diplomat. until 1977. But a dialogue with the P.L.O. implies an Cairo insider, Mr. Arafat had agreed in 1977 to acceot the Security Council Resolution To Israel's other objections must be added admission that it has something to offer yet one more reservation-that inviting the toward a solution and this means ultimately 242, which affirms Israel's right to exist, pro­ vided there was some understanding on Pal­ P.L.O. into the peace discussions might undo conceding the P.L.O. its mantle of legiti­ all the painstaking compromises that paved macy. Whenever the United States has estinian rights, but the P .L.O.'s executive council overruled him. Said an American the way to the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. looked for an opening, it has not only been Tho Camp David accords studiously ignored promptly chastised by Israel for breaking official, "Arafat has come pretty close to mak­ ing a statement that we'd call adequate." the P.L.O. "I don't see how the P.L.O. could faith but also been rebuffed by P.L.O. officials be brought into the Camp David framework," themselves. Few isst:es in American foreign The sticking point for the Palestinians on said the European diplomat. "U.S. recogni­ policy are as emotionally loaded as this one. Resolution 242, which also calls for Israel's tion of the P .L.O. would imply willingness to The case against recognizing the P.L.O .. withdrawal from Arab land occupied in the abandon the Camp David process in favor of articulated bv Ismel and its partisans for 1967 war, is that it alludes to the Palestin­ a more comorehensive approach." almost two decades, holds that there is no ians only in vague terxns of "a just settle­ Predictably enough, Israel does not want point in talking to the P.L.O. because it is ment of the refugee problem." In August the P.L.O. sitting in on its Palestinian 26406 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 autonomy talks with Egypt. Neither, it turns his differences with the P.L.O., has not re­ ports given credence in cairo diplomatic out, does President Anwar el-Sadat, who has nounced the Rabat decision. quarters, the Saudis did so as part of a car­ virtually severed links with the organization A Jordanian official in Amman explained rot-and-stick strategy worked out in consul­ over its host111ty to his peace initiative. Mr. why his country had rejected an invitation tations with the P.L.O. to make the Ameri­ Sadat has derided the P.L.O. leadership as from Camp David to help supervise a transi­ cans confront the Palestinian issue more "nightclub mllltants," an epithet that took 'tion to self-government in the West Bank. directly. on fresh bite when Zuheir Mohsen, chief of "We agreed in Rabat not to represent the Consequently, any cutback in oil from the P.L.O.'s military department, was gunned Palestinians and to accept the P.L.O. as their Saudi Arabia is bound to be interpreted as down by assassins this summer after an sole representative. Therefore our position blackmail. But the Arab viewpoint is tJ:.at evening at the roulette tables in Cannes on is not to talk for the Palestinians but to talk the United Sta;tes has been dodging the real­ the French Riviera. in support of any position that they take. ities of the Middle East too long and must be The problem is that the autonomy negoti­ We cannot consider ourselves a party to ne­ shown that its real self-interest lies beyond ations mired down even before they opened in gotiations without the P .L.O. being repre­ Israel's frontiers. "Other Arabs give us the late May, largely because of the inabUlty sented," he said. benefit of the doubt but they don't think to find any Palestinian alternative to the Even some Israeli politicians have con­ we're effective. They think we get cold feet P .L.O. Prominent Palestinians in the West ceded the sigificance of the P.L.O. Foreign and run up the white flag whenever the Is­ Bank and Gaza Strip are unwilling to get in­ Minister Moshe Dayan created a flap last raelis complain," said an American official. volved without the P.L.O.'s sanction. This February when he said of the P.L.O. that It has been argued that failure to talk to is partly for fear of reprisal. Sheik Hasham "we cannot deny their position or their the P.L.O. because of its philosophy perpetu­ Huzandair, one of the few Palestinian nota­ value" in the Middle East. The next day, Mr. ates 8.Jn inconsistency in American foreign bles to back Mr. Sadat's peace policies, was Dayan explained that he was not advocating policy. Thus, on the other hand, the United stabbed to death outside his home in Gaza negotiation but said that "it is impossible States has cultivated its ties with the Soviet last June, and nervous colleagues stayed to ignore the position of the P.L.O. in the Union to encourage a minimum level of civil­ away from the funeral. But Palestinians liv­ conflict and its influence on the Arab states." ized behavior from the Kremlin leadership. ing under Israeli occupation also feel that The P.L.O. may be becoming as adept at In a more ana1ogous situation, the Carter the talks are little more than a fig leaf for a diplomacy as it is at terrorism, for it scored Administr8.Jtion has tried to moderate be­ bilateral peace between Egypt and Israel if some political coups this summer in West­ tween the white-dominated regime in Zim­ the P.L.O. is not involved. "The only body ern Europe. To Israel's outrage, the Austrian babwe Rhodesia and the pro-Marxist African that can represent us is the P.L.O. and no­ Chancellor, Bruno Kreisky, and the former guerrillas committed to toppling it. It has body else," said Karim Khalaf, who was West German Chancellor Willy Brandt sat tried to defuse the confrontation between elected Mayor of the West Bank town of down and talked with Mr. Arafat in Vienna Morocco and the Polisario Front in the West­ Ramallah on an openly pro-P.L.O. platform. in July. At a press conference later, Mr. ern Sahara, "Almost every national liberation Against these considerations must be Brandt defended their meetings by con­ group is welcome in the United States except weighed the mounting argument in favor of tending that "Palestinian self-determina­ the P.L.O.," pointed out an American diplo­ dealing realistically with the P.L.O., which tion cannot be thrown into the same pot as mat. over the years has survived not only military seeking the destruction of the state of On the eve of the Egyptian-Israeli peace retaliation from Israel but also the trauma Israel.'' Mr. Kreisky told reporters that "the treaty, President Carter said that Washing­ of bloody defeats in 1970 and 1971 by the situation in the Middle East is no longer ton wanted "direct relations" with the Pales­ Jordanian Army and another in 1975 at the a matter of Israel and Arabs only. It is a tinians but admitted that he had a "prob­ hands of the Syrian Army in the Lebanese question of world peace." lem" with the P.L.O. However, Mr. Carter civil war, emerging with a measure of widen­ That same month in Paris, the French said, if the P.L.O. dropped its opposition to ing international acceptance. Foreign Minister, Jean Francois-Poncet, re­ Security Council Resolution 242 and acknowl­ Abdel Mohsin abu Maizar, a member of ceived Farouk Kaddoumi, head of the edged Israel's existence, tJhe United States the P.L.O.'s executive committee, boasted to would "immediately start working directly me that "the P.L.O. is not only a political or P.L.O.'s political department. Jurgen Mane­ with that organization.'' military institution. What happened to us in mann, a key aide to the West German For­ Were the Carter Administration to soften Jordan in 1970 and Lebanon in 1975 would eign Minister, Hans Dietrich Genscher, vis­ this precondition and offer a dialogue, the have been enough to demolish us. The P.L.O. ited Mr. Arafat in Beirut. The impact of such prospect of American recognition would, dip­ meetings has been largely psychological, means the national rights of the Palestinian lomats expect, touch off a possibly violent people. The P.L.O. means the unity of the since none of the countries represented has power struggle within the P.L.O. over how Palestinian people." formally recognized the P.L.O. Switzerland moderate the response should be. "There The overwhelming Palestinian backing for discouraged a similar call from Mr. Khad­ would be splits, backbiting and assassina­ the P.L.O. has extended well beyond the doumi after protests from local Jews. But tions, but what would emerge would be refugee camps and guerrilla garrisons. Israeli such events suggest that there is a declining smaller and more cohesive," said a Western policies like the establishment of Jewish set­ tolerance in the world for the American observer. tlements in the occupied West Bank and position. After Andrew Young resigned, he It remains to be seen whether Mr. Arafat tough security controls have managed to admitted that he found it "kind of ridicu­ could successfully reconcile the conflicting push local Arab residents into the arms of lous" not to talk to the P.L.O., which enjoys interests of four million Palestinians. The the P.L.O. "As long as the Israelis offer us observer status at the United Nations. biggest opposition to a negotiated settlement nothing, why should anyone consider a split Other developments in the Middle East would probably come from original refugees with the P.L.O.?" Aziz Shehade, a Palestinian have whetted the P.L.O.'s self-confidence. of 1948 who cling to the dream of return. lawyer in Al Bireh, asked me. "The P .L.O. has Recognition by the new regime in Iran, which 'Dhe "rejection front" within the P.L.O., led lately gained more support on the West Bank welcome Mr. Arafat as its first official guest, by George Habash of the Popular Front for because they have expressed more reason­ has given the P.L.O. a maneuverability be­ the Liberation of Palestine, would undoubt­ ableness. There's no longer any difierence yond the limits of traditional Arab patrons edly try to sabotage it. But, said a Palestinian between moderates and the P.L.O. like Syria. and Iraq. The P.L.O.'s financial official in the Jordanian Government, "I There are signs that the P.L.O. may even be status has been buttressed by an allocation think the mainstream is prepared to accept speaking for many Arabs within Israel it­ of $150 million annually over the next 10 the idea of recognizing Israel if they can self. A survey released in June by Sami years from the Bagdad conferences of Arab have their own state.'' Samouh of the Jewish-Arab Center of Haifa sta;tes opposing the Egyptian-Israeli peace Some Western experts contend that it is University reported that half of the Israeli treaty. in the American interest to deal with the Arabs still did not recognize Israel's right to Ironically, Israel's mill tary strikes also P.L.O. now, while the moderate faction led exist and that a clear majority favored the seem to have benefited the P.L.O., which by Mr. Arafat is in charge. His group, Al establishment of an independent Palestinian showed that it could withstand massive Fatah, is believed to represent three-quarters state. search-and-destroy missions during the Is­ of the guerrilla forces. 'Dhe rising young gen­ The P.L.O.'s appeal is most evident among raeli invasion of southern Lebanon in March eration of leaders is known to be more radi­ young Palestinians living under the Israelis. 1978 Previously, the P.L.O.'s image had cal and militant. Nafez Nazzal, a Palestinian-American who 1978. Previously, the P.L.O.'s image had In the end, the overriding argument for taught at Bir Zeit University on the West the Lebanese civil wa.r and after being up­ talking to the P.L.O. may be its studiously Bank before the Israelis closed it, told me staged by Mr. Sadat's peace initiative. Ac­ enigmatic nature itself. Too often, it has last summer that "99.9 percent" of his stu­ cording to reports in Beirut, there are now successfully obscured its intentions behind a dents supported the P.L.O. "To them, the a third more Palestinian guerrillas and weap­ smokescreen of ambiguous rhetoric. Would P.L.O. is their dignity, their identity, their ons in Lebanon than before the Israeli in­ it ever be willing to let Israel live undis­ loyalty. The P.L.O. achieved international vasion. turbe:i in return for a viable Palestinian recognition of the Palestinian people." Probably t he most alarming case made for homeland? Is there a sufficient wellspring of Starting with the Arab summit at Rabat dealing with the P.L.O. is that it will fore­ moderation within the P.L.O. that it can be in 1974, the Arab world has formally recog­ stall any cutoff in Arab oil supplies to the transformed into an honest negotiating part­ nized the P.L.O. as the only legitimate rep­ United States. This summer, Saudi Arabia ner and advance the Palestinian cause resentative of the Palestinian people and boosted production by one million barrels through a peaceful settlement? The ques­ accorded the organization full membership daily to 9.5 million barrels to offset cutbacks tions should be intended not to bring the in the Arab League. Even Mr. Sa.dat, for all elsewhere in the Arab world. According to re- P.L.O. to heel but to seek a broader Arab ac- September ~6, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26407 ceptance of Israel's legitimacy togetJher with billion by 1985 in after-tax revenues on top this bill. But their own arguments prove how overdue remedies for the sufferings of the of its exceedingly high profits. much it is needed. Palestinian people. As Andrew Young put it, These huge cash accumulations have re­ In these pages a few weeks ago, one in­ "Conversation does not mean recognition," sulted from special favors given to no other dustry spokesman said S-1246 "would create and it need not begin as such. But such a industry: special tax writeoffs, foreign tax an industrial ghetto-an isolated cadre of dialogue seems the only way of finding out credits, decontrol, government policies bent formerly successful companies scraping to whether the United States and the Palestine to help increase prices, and ultimately, an stay alive while the rest of the industrial Liberation Organization have anything in unholy alliance with the oil-producers' cartel. world passed them by." common to contribute toward a fair and Tax privileges alone have given major oil "Scraping to stay alive?" The oil majors? durable peace.e companies exceedingly low tax rates, some One of the only two industries that con­ even as low as 1 percent. tinued to earn high profits in the second Why have these favors ·been granted? Over quarter? Just because for 10 years they won't DECONTROL MORE CAPITAL INCEN­ the years we have been told time and time be able to buy up the world's largest corpora­ TIVES FOR THE PETROLEUM IN­ again that inoentives are needed to stimulate tions? DUSTRY? increased exploration and production. Cer­ Who is kidding whom? tainly, in the JJ.ght of today's energy prob­ Oil spokesmen also say the legislation is lems, no one can deny that more domestic unnecessary because the industry is highly HON. ANDREW MAGUIRE production is one of the cornerstones of competitive and not a major political or energy independence. social force. Both assertions are not sup­ OF NEW JERSEY But, to paraphrase the advice of a former ported by the facts. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Attorney General, it is much more enlighten­ The industry is tightly intertwined in Wednesday, September 26, 1979 ing to "watch what they do and not what horizontal and vertical integration, pipeline they say." ownership, interlocking directorates, joint • Mr. MAGUIRE. Mr. Speaker, since What they have done is to try to buy major ventures at home and abroad, to say nothing the President announced his intention segments of the economy by spending billions of a close working relationship with the Or­ to decontrol the price of domestically­ of their profits on companies operating in ganization of Petroleum Exporting Coun­ produced petroleum, my Energy and such unrelated fields as department stores, tries. Its lobby in Washington has obtained Power Subcommittee has heard a litany box manufacturing, copper and nonferrous an array of special privileges second to none. metals, land development, timberland and In fact, I feel justified in saying that the oil of endorsements for this highly infla­ forest products, life insurance, medical sup­ companies have more political clout than tionary proposal from a series of oil plies, health care, chemicals-and the list either the President or Congress. Oil com­ industry executives and the American goes on. (Gulf Oil may have taken the brass pany involvement in alternative energy Petroleum Institute. By far the most ring with its attempted acqUisition of Ring­ sources provides a graphic example of the astonishing component of the plea for ling Brothers Barnum & Bailey Circus.) noncompetitive problem. Oil companies own higher oil industry profits is the claim And this appetite for acquisitions can only two of the largest four national coal pro­ that the industry lacks the necessary grow as decontrol and higher prices hand ducers, 14 of the 20 largest coal reserve hold­ incentives to explore for new supplies the majors even grea,ter cash surpluses. As ers, two of the top three uranium producers, one investment analyst has predicted: four of the top seven domestic companies of energy. "By the late 80's we would expect close to with uranium milling capacity and three of This argument has been persuasively one-quarter of the listed resource-chemical the four largest urani urn reserve holders. refuted by several studies, among them, companies to be merged or acquired (by big The industry also claims that S-1246 will "Capital Resources and Requirements oil companies) . We would anticipate that somehow cut off oil company access to capi­ for the Petroleum Industry," produced two or three of the top 10 timber-owning tal markets. The real-world fact is that big for the Department of Energy. I wish the companies would be ·bid for. We would also oil companies rely significantly less on the advocates of decontrol within DOE had expect at least a quarter of the larger non­ capital markets than they do on their own read the report which said in part: ferrous (copper, lead, zinc, silver and gold) huge internal cash flow. Even for the external mining companies . .. to be bought out by capital these 16 companies do need over the There would be a strang presumption to­ the oil companies." next 10 years, they don't need to diversify. ward the position that the industry not only These acquisitions don't create energy, new The big oil companies will remain enormously receives an adequate incentive for new dis­ jobs or productive capacity. They simply profitable investments during the next coveries, but generates sufficient capital at transfer control of some of our nation's big­ decade. There could be no better proof than the domestic wellhead to fuel all of its do­ gest enterprises to an unjustly enriched on the market performance of oil company mestic exploration, development, and pro­ industry. Some recent acquisitions actually stocks. duction expenditures. reduced energy output. Mter the oil majors As a matter of fact, these acquisitions The oil companies are diverting this took over three of the biggest coal compa­ could hurt a company's creditworthiness. income away from investments which nies, their annual coal production dropped Mobil's bond rating, for example, fell from between 1972 and 1977 by 25 percent, while Triple A to Double A after its acquisition of would increase our energy supplies. In­ production in the rest of the industry rose Marcor. And Sun's investment in Becton­ stead, they are putting their money into by 24 percent. Dickinson certainly won't produce a yield department stores, copper mines, electric The fact is that big oil is not doing an it comparable to its oil and gas investments. companies, and the like. Horizontal can to develop oil and gas resources. Explora­ And even if diversification were necessary diversification "for a strong America," tion expenditures by the top eight oil com­ to assure access to capital markets, S-1246 I suppose the public relations depart­ panies in 1977 were about the same as those does not preclude diversification, but only ments would say. by the very smallest oil companies. And the giant acquisitions. Indeed, internal expan­ sion may be more profitable as Exxon ad­ Our distinguished colleague from the industry spent only 8.6 percent of its profits on research and development, a small frac­ mitted in the Federal Trade Commission suit other body, Senator HOWARD METZEN­ tion of what other industries spent. against its attempted $1.2 billion acquisition BAUM, contributed a thoughtful article In order to encourage the oil companies to of the Reliance Electric Company. to the Sunday "Week in Review" section use these "seas of cash" on energy develop­ In essence, the industry wants it both of the New York Times which sum­ ment and to prevent their buying up even ways. It justifies the immense windfall profits marized his arguments for S. 1246, the more of the American economy, Senator Ed­ from decontrol in the name of energy devel­ ward M. Kennedy and I, along with 16 other opment. But recent history shows instead Clayton Act amendments barring fur­ that it will use these profits to buy up large ther horizontal diversification by the senators and 55 of our House colleagues, nonenergy related businesses. have introduced S-1246. It prohibits the 16 major oil companies. As a cosponsor of Simply stated, S-1246 is a needed up­ Representative UDALL's companion bill largest oil companies, who control 70 to 80 percent of our crude oil capacity, from ac­ date of the original Sherman Act, which in­ in the House, I would urge my colleagues quiring any corporation with assets of $100 cidentally, was a response 89 years ago to to read the Metzenbaum article which Inillion or more for the next 10 years, which the power of-who else?-big oil.e follows below. is when the energy crisis will be at its worst. [From the New York Times, Sept. 16, 1979] It will encourage them to concentrate on oil PERSONAL EXPLANATION CURBING THE OIL COMPANIES' APPETITES development. Or-if they do not want to diversify into nonenergy areas-to do it (By Howard M. Metzenbaum) either through internal expansion or by ac­ "Great cash-flow machines, expected to quiring companies under $100 million. In HON'. TOM CORCORAN float into the early 1980's on a sea of cash." both cases, it would increase competition OF ILLINOIS That is how one observer has desc~:~ibed and growth. Under an Administration pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the major oil companies, whose combined posed amendment, the ban would be lifted if cash flow last year was an astounding $26 the acquisition would actually improve Wednesday, September 26, 1979 billion. In addition, decontrol is expected to competition. e Mr. CORCORAN. Mr. Speaker, due to bring the industry an extra $49 bilUon to $80 The big oil companies obviously oppose a previous commitment in my State yes- CXXV--1661-Part 20 .26408 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 terday, I was unable to be present and The article follows: sumers get honest and adequate in!ormation HEALTH CARE A.ND COMPETITION a.bout their choices a.nd that they ca.n choose voting on a number of matters before the !rom a variety of suppliers. I believe that our House. Had I been present, I would have (By BARBARA A. MIKULSKI) system of financing health care should allow voted in the following way: WASHINGTON-Senator Richard Schweiker !or competition within the full range of Rollcall No. 500: Under suspension of claimed in The Sun recently (September 5, modes !or prevention and trea..tment. Ameri­ the rules, H.R. 5163, which authorized Opinion Commentary] that the answer to can health care consumers should be able to the sale to certain friendly foreign na­ the problems of our health care system is to choose to receive service from nurse-practi­ tions of certain excess naval vessels, rely on "competition." This sounds extremely tioners, nurse-midwives, occupational thera­ attractive. After all, we're all in favor of pists and other health ca.re professionals. "yea." more competition, less regulation and the One of the most encouraging phenomena Rollcall No. 501: Under suspension of spirit of individual enterprise. Unfortunate­ in American health care right now is the the rules, H.R. 5218, which amended the ly, competition as described by the senator growing interest by so many people in good Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to author­ has become a code word for a very narrow health and good nutrition. The steady change ize special Caribbean hurricane relief health care system-an oligopoly of pre­ in eating and drinking habits, and in regular assistance, "yea." paid health care plans which would actually exercise, has the potential to do more !or the Rollcall No. 502: Under suspension of narrow the choices available to the American level of good health 1n this country than any the rules, House Concurrent Resolution public. I believe we can do better. government action. 167, expressing the sense of Congress It is true that there are prepaid plans and It is time that we designed a health care Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)­ system that takes this interest into account. that the President should express to the including some in Baltimore-which provide We should be encouraging people to use the Government of the Soviet Union the dis­ excellent service right now. There are out­ assistance o! nutritionists and community approval of the American people con­ standing examples of HMOs which have re­ health educators who work toward the pre­ cerning that Government's systematic duced the cost of care in their communities vention of disease, instead of discouraging nondelivery of international mail ad­ while maintaining a high level of services. them ·as we do now by withholding reim­ dressed to certain persons residing with­ But I believe that we would make a grave bursement for their care and counsel. in the U.S.S.R., "yea." mistake if we adopted competition among Our present reimbursement system is Rollcall No. 504: On a motion that the HMOs as the centerpiece of our national skewed in favor of physicians, hospitals and previous question be ordered on House health policy. Those economists who have the most expensive kinds of treatment. We suggested such an approach are ignoring in­ ought to be putting more emphasis on pre­ Joint Resolution 404, making continuing convenient realities in favor of a theoretical vention, home health care and lower cost appropriations for the fiscal year 1980, abstraction. alternatives. "no." I would have voted "no" on this One such reality is that the population of There is ample evidence already of the motion because there were several Mem­ the United States is getting older and older. benefits offered by alternative health care bers who desired to offer amendments to Demographic data indicate that a quarter providers. For example, in the Kaiser Perma­ of the population wlll soon be over 65 years this resolution and this motion would of age, and an increasingly large proportion nent Health Plan in California, nurse anes­ thetists provide the necessary services at five prevent them from offering them. of this group wlll be over 75. Rollcall No. 505: On final passage of To state blithely (as the senator did) that medical clinics, with a physician anesthetist House Joint Resolution 404, I am paired we can meet our health care needs for the on the staff always available for consultation. against this resolution and would have last quarter of the Twentieth Century by The total cost for this coverage is less than voted "no" on it if I had been present. manadating, in the face of population pat­ would be required to maintain two physician terns, th9.t employers offer three different anesthetists even if they constantly rotated This was the fourth in the series of votes among the clinics. on pay raises this year. I had earlier kinds of health care plans is equivalent to designing a new suburb based on expanding And the quality of care, as expressed by voted a;gainst three attempts to raise the kindergartens, or investing in a fleet of 10- patient satisfaction, is high. A Congressional pay of Congressmen. cylinder limousiness. It ignores the very real Budget Office report last spring stated that Rollcall No. 506: On an amendment needs of a heterogeneous nation in favor of practitioners spend significantly more time offered that sought to remove the restric­ an ideological conclusion-that an ailing with their patients, seeing 60 per cent as tions on the sale of Alaskan crude oil to health care system can be cured by a massive many patients in an hour as a physician and foreign countries to the extent that the dose of "the free market." delivering high quality health care at two­ same quantity of crude oil is being ex­ While pla.nning may be an unpopular word, thirds to four-fifths the cost. the !act is that planning for health care is At the very least, federal regulations must ported from an adjacent foreign country absolutely essential. No one would carry on stop hindering this kind o! competition to the United States, "no." I am a co­ even a. small business in today's economy among health care providers. We should be sponsor of a bill which would prohibit without adequate planning of needs andre­ wary of any change in the system which the exporting of Alaskan oil abroad.O sources, both short term and long term. claims to be for more competition but does Every health care expenditure, whether nec­ not allow for competitive modes of practice. essary or not, is ultimately paid for by the The answer to the health care needs of HEALTH CARE AND COMPETITION consumer, in the form of ever-rising hospital, Twentieth Century Americans is not to re­ insurance and medical bills, but there was invent Nineteenth Century economics. In­ little effective action to hold back on un­ stead, we should insist on opening up our HON. BARBARA A. MIKULSKI needed expenditures until state pla.nnblg present system to real competition. We OF MARYLAND bodies like the Health Systems Agency and should look for ways to bring more and bet­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES regulatory agencies like the Maryland Hos­ ter health care information to the public, pital Cost Review Commission took the lead. and enable consumers to choose the kind of Wednesday, September 26, 1979 Citizens of Maryland can be proud o! the care that suits their personal circumstances. • Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. Speaker, in this record of our state. Our experience demon­ such a system would take into account strates that high quality health care can be the different needs and preferences among time of spiraling health costs, we face a maintained 1n a cost-conscious atmosphere, substantial challenge to develop a fair regions of the country and age groups. It and that a fair, rational, consistent plan­ would put the emphasis where it truly be­ and effective national health policy. ning process does work to the public benefit. longs-upon enabling Americans to choose Opening the health care system to true Now our challenge is to apply these same freely !rom a variety of accessible health care competition, emphasizing preventive principles to national health policy. For a. alternatives at a. cost we can afford.e health care, and lower cost alternatives start, I believe that the same rules should to the present system must become part apply to everyone. I! hospitals like Johns Hopkins and Mercy have to live by rules, so of our policy planning today if all Ameri­ should all health care providers. For example, CAMBODIANS STARVE: WHAT WILL cans are to enjoy access to QUality health an unnecessary CAT scanner installed in a WE DO? care tomorrow. suite of doctors offices costs just as much as My strong belief in this issue spurs me the same scanner in the hospital across the to share with my colleagues an article I street--but right now physicians' offices are HON. PAUL SIMON wrote which was published in the Balti­ exempt from the rules which requiTe adem­ OF ILLINOIS more Sun on September 18, 1979. It was onstration that the purchase Oif such expen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sive equipment is needed. originally drafted to respond to a previ­ Wednesday, September 26, 1979 ous article by Senator RICHARD SCHWEIK­ True competition in hee.lth care undoubt­ edly would be 1n the national interest; but it • Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, one of the ER, but I believe the issues raised deserve has to mean more than just the conversion persons who regularly disturbs our com­ further consideration. I am inserting the of individual doctors to corporations entitled article in the RECORD and I commend it to write prescriptions. fort and bothers our conscience is col­ to the attention of all Members. Real competition would mean that con- umnist Mary McGrory. September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26409 I walk into my omce on a marvelous estimate from the food request submitted PRESTON JONES fall day, with pleasant thoughts about to the U.N.'s World Food Program by the the world, when suddenly Mary McGrory Vietnamese puppet ruler of Cambodia., Heng Samrin: 162,000 tons of rice, 8,100 tons o:f HON. J. J. PICKLE starts telling me about starving people in cooking oil and 15,000 tons of sugar. OF TEXAS Cambodia. It is such an easy problem to To meet this need, only a trickle of sup­ ignore, and fortunately there are people plies has been delivered. Oxfa.m, a. private IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES like Mary McGrory in this world who British agency, recently landed 65 tons of Wednesday, September 26, 1979 will not let us ignore the realities of suf­ relief supplies, and UNICEF, 110 tons of fering-suffering that is needless, suffer­ powdered milk and medicine. • Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, a few all­ ing that can be prevented. Correspondents from Ca.na.da and western too-short years ago I was privileged to How the House can accept a position Europe report scenes of mass suffering. In have playwright Preston Jones at a that no food will go to starving, desperate one hospital ward with 100 children, 80 luncheon here in the Capitol attended people, I do not know. had malaria.. Beri-beri and diarrhea are by some of the Texas congressional dele­ Somehow we must disturb ourselves. rampant. gation, Speaker Carl Albert, Majority Somehow we must do something. The President Carter would like to help, but Whip JOHN BRADEMAS, and others. the law governing Food for Peace, !or which If ever there was a feast of love and administration must lead, and some of the Cambodians are excruciatingly eligible, us in Congress must demand such lead­ requires a.n international presence to moni­ appreciation, that was it, for Mr. Jones ership. tor distribution. The regime will not permit had warmed the hearts of all of us who I remember a Herblock cartoon of this. The fear is that food intended for the had seen his plays, especially "The Texas more than a decade ago which showed inhabitants will be diverted to Vietnamese Trilogy." His humor and his humanity a U.S. otncial on top of a huge pile of troops, who are even now engaged in an were boundless. In his modest way he surplus grain, and some hungry Indians offensive to put down the remnantS of the seemed a little overcome at the depth of below the pile. The otncials were denying Pol Pot regime. feeling shown for him-but it was we them food and Herblock captioned the YOUNG PRESSED ISSUE who were overcome by this much-needed cartoon, "The Sermon on the Mount." Some Carter intimates, notably Andrew voice for the people. New York did not How accurate a portrayal that must Young, erstwhile U.N. ambassador, have quite understand him-but that was New seem to many people. This fiscal year we pressed the president to recognize Vietnam York's loss. And now his death is all our so we could at least obtain first-hand infor­ loss. are paying American farmers $600 mil­ mation about the Cambodians and their lion not to produce food in what we call a fellow-sufferers, the boat people. The Washington Star eulogized Mr. set-aside. If we can spend that kind of But others argue that recognition would Jones, and I would like to share their money on paying people not to produce merely sanction the Vietnamese invasion of comments with my colleagues. food, we ought to be able to spare a few Cambodia and the brutal expulsion of eth­ The editorial from the September 25 dollars to rescue the world's desperately nic Chinese. Star follows: hungry. Geopolitically, we do not wish to offend (From the Washington Star, Sept. 25, 1979] I am inserting the McGrory column for Vietnam's enemy, China., or to give aid and PRESTON JONES my colleagues to read: coinfort to Vietnam's friend, Russia.. The death of Preston Jones last week at As the Vietnamese continue their military 43 robs the American theater o:f one o:f its "CANDIDATES FOR NOBEL PEACE PRIZE" SHOULD operations, more refugees will be dragging TAKE A LOOK AT CAMBOi)'lA most proinising talents. But somehow the themselves across the roads to Thailand. In A number of "candidates !or the Nobel theft seems especially shocking here, where months past, the Thais have driven the Mr. Jones experienced the greatest triumphs Peace Prize," Dean Rusk's contemptuous Cambodians back across the border at gun­ of his all-too-brief career. An actor at the phrase for those who tried to end the Viet· point. Dallas Theater Center who didn't begin nam war outside of omcial channels, are Now, says the State Department, there is writing until his late 30s, Mr. Jones sur­ moving across the landscape these days. "reason to hope" that the Thais won't do prised himself and much of the theater We have the example of the black ministers that any more. The only stated reason is world with A Texas Trilogy, three plays who have just flown in from, or are flying out that they have not ·been doing it lately. about life in Bradleyv1lle, a fictional West to, Beirut, bent on inducing Yasser Arafat to The land refugees have much less visibility Texas town which changing times and the get a moral shave and a haircut. than the boat people. The boat people, if four-lane highways had left to the tumble­ Sen. Frank Church of Idaho, in standing they make it across the China Sea, may weed. up to the Russians and SALT, is trying to eventuaily find permanent asylum aJbroa.d. Arena Stage was the first theater outside evict Soviet troops from Cuba. Sen. Jesse The most that can be done for the Cam­ Texas to recognize Mr. Jones' extraordinary Helms of North Carolina dispatched a couple bodians is to set up food depots at the Thai potential when it staged The Last Meeting of aides to the London conference on Zim­ border and hope they're strong enough to of the Knights of the White Magnolia in babwe Rhodesia. get there. The U.S. government has ma.de a 1975. A year later, the Kennedy Center All the meddlers profess to be working for grant to the Catholic Relief Service for this revived "Magnolia" and gave sterling pro­ ductions to the other two plays in the world peace. purpose. But where are they on the appalling trilogy, Lu Ann Hampton Laverty Over­ But the "candidates for the Nobel Peace lander and The Oldest Living Graduate. tragedy unfolding in Cambodia, where pos­ Prize" are not focussing on these horrors. sibly 2 m1llion people a.re facing death by Their success was instantaneous with critics starvation .in the immediate future. RUMPELSTILTSKIN RAGE and public alike. The Kennedy Center en­ Says Lincoln Bloomfield, the new refugee All we hear about Cambodia is noisy gagement was extended to an unprecedented and human rights expert on the National dialectic. Former Secretary of State Kissinger 16 weeks and could have run longer, had Security Council, "Famine is predictable; the is in a Rumpels-tiltskin rage over a book Broadway not beckoned. probab111ty is almost 100 percent." written by William Shawcross, Sideshow: Broadway, as it turned out, was less en­ And the world seems rea.dy to stand aside Kissinger, Nixon and the Destruction of Cam­ thusiastic. Critics there found the plays too and watch it happen. · bodia, an analysis of the Klssinger-Nixon small, too regional, too folksy for their Since we do not have diplomatic relations pplicies o:f secret bolnbings and other tastes, and callously rejected them. New York's provincialism has probably never with Cambodia's masters, ~he Marxist rulers machinations that produced, according to of Ha.noi, we do not know !or a certainty Shawcross, the ruin of a once-lovely land. been more in evidence. With characteristic the dimensions o:f the tragedy. Kissinger, who is more accustomed to jocularity, Mr. Jones laughed off the Broad­ way failure, saying: "Hell, we were the PLANTINGS ARE SKIMPY adulation than attack, has responded by calling Shawcross' charges "obscene.'' longest running Texas trilogy in history." But we do know from aerial photographs Still, failure hurt. that the skimpy plantings in cambodia. That word should be reserved for what In another era, that Inight have been it. make starvation inevitable. ls happening in Cambodia today. It is in­ Instead, the regional theaters rallied to Mr. Even in comparatively happier times, finitely more important than what is hap­ Jones' side, ignoring Broadway's verdict and Cambodia did not take a census. In 1975, pending to Kissinger's reputaltion. making him one of the most popular Amer­ the population was thought to be about 6.9 Maybe when Walter Fauntroy and Jesse ican playwrights of the 1970s. At a time mill1on. Under the official butchery prac­ Jackson have made peace in the Middle East, when critically-approved playwrights have ticed by Pol Pot, the successor to "our" Lon and Frank Church has reduced the threat of given us despairing images of mankind, Mr. Nol regime, 1 million or even 2 million were invasion of Florida, and Jesse Helins has Jones seems to have come closer to the slaughtered. The State Department esti­ averted civil war in Africa, they might like images most Americans hold of themselves mates that there are 4 million Cambodians to consider what could be done :for people and their neighbors: decent beings doing left, half of whom will starve to death. with bloated .bellies and vacant eyes. their best to make a. life. Mr. Jones' charac­ The State Department makes this grisly It is a fit subject for public clamor.e ters were common folk, but he rendered 26410 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 them with uncommon vividness. They could That examination requires a brief history of The "missile gap" fears were based not be funny, but he never made them look the evolution of U.S. military strategy in the on what the Soviets were actually doing, foolish. If they sometimes shredded English nuclear age, starting with the initial concept but on what we thought they were ca.pable grammar, they often produced poetry in the in the '505-"massive retaliation." of doing. Our response to the perceived process. The "massive retaliation" doctrine was threat ironically proved far more helpful to "All my characters are mosaics-bits of based on one simple fact: the United States American security than our reaction to people I've known and talked to. Listened possessed overwhelming strategic superiority. the actual Soviet program once we dis­ to, mostly," he once told The Star's David With it, theoretically, we could presumptively covered it in the mid-'60s. They were not Richards. "That's one thing you must do as deter and surely control any m111tary with building missiles at the rate we had !eared a playwright. Listen a lot. And what's always the Soviet Union through the threat of es­ and so we assumed they desired only a struck me about those people is their forth­ calation to a nuclear level where the United modest strategic capability and, unfor­ rightness and their honesty." States was absolutely dominant. tunately, we relaxed. Our Minuteman ICBM It is !utile to speculate on what Mr. Jones Massive retaliation was a. logical response program was halted well short of the num­ might have written 1! time, which he once to the frustrations of the early '50s: bers recommended by our mmtary leaders. called "that ---," had let him live. In Korea we had achieved our initial ob­ The notion of targeting their strategic The temptation is to say that his best works jectives, but many people felt that we had arsenal was rejected in favor of a concept lay ahead of him, 1! only because play­ become "bogged down" in a situation in of targeting Soviet cities under a doctrine wrights are usually late bloomers. One thing which the Communist forces enjoyed a. rela­ of "assured destruction" designed to en­ is certain: At 43, Preston Jones had a lot tive advantage. courage the U.S.S.R. to do the same because more listening to do.e In Europe we had set NATO force goals it would require only a small Soviet stra­ which, even if they had been met, would tegic force to achieve. have constituted a severe economic drain. All in all, it was a. formula bound to PRESIDENT FORD SPEAKS OUT ON Even though the United States still enjoyed produce complacency. You start off with SALT IT substantial superiority in its ability to pro­ total and absolute superiority; then you get ject conventional forces to distant areas of scared that the other side is going to catch conflict, massive retaliation made good mil­ up and surpass you, so you diversify and HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL itary sense. Put simply, it was a strategy to modernize; then you realize the other side OF ll.LINOIS deter "limited" conflict such as Korea by wasn't doing anywhere near as much as you thought; and so, psychologically, you be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES threatening to respond at a level where both sides knew we would prevail. lleve that the overall result is continued Wednesday, September 26, 1979 The principal problem of "massive retalia­ assured superiority. The complacency that followed the awareness that there was no • Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, fonner tion" was its lack of polltical credibillty. A nuclear attack on the Soviet Union seemed real missile gap was the beginning or our President Gerald R. Ford has made a so disproportionate a response, and therefore problems today. thoughtful and incisive speech concern­ so unlikely a response, to a. Soviet provoca­ A separate but related !actor which in­ ing SALT n. I recommend it to the at­ tion at a Ininor level of conflict that the doc­ fluenced the policy process was the Vietnam tention of our colleagues and of all trine of "massive retaliation" could not be War. Aside from the psychological trauma. Americans. counted on to deter local aggression. of Vietnam and its impact on U.S. foreign At this time, I insert in the RECORD, So next came steps to add credib111ty to policy, the conflict had a. dramatic negative deterrence by adding flexiblllty to our mil­ effect on the several force structure deci­ "Gerald Ford Takes His Stand on SALT", sions which had been made in the early from the Washington Post, September itary arsenal. While retaining absolute dom­ '60s. The war naturally resulted in very high 26, 1979. inance in strategic weapons. we deployed tac­ defense budgets, very little cxf which was tical nuclear weapons with the NATO forces. GERALD FORD TAKES His STAND ON SALT devoted to R & D or force modernization, And then in the early '60s, we moved to aside !rom Vietnam-related items. This nat­ I wish to share .some of my thoughts re­ !urther improve the crediblllty of the United garding the SALT II treaty and America's States and NATO military strategy by "filling ural emphasis was underscored by the defense policies. They constitute my first desire of the administration in the earlier in," with conventional m111tary ca.pa.b111ty, years of the conflict conduct the war in effort at comprehensive public comment on the lower steps of the escalation ladder of to these subjects since leaving the White House a manner calculated to have the least visible mllitary conflict. and disruptive domestic impact. The result in January 1977. I've been there. The re­ We had moved !rom the concept of massive sponsib111ties are awesome. I have weighed was that during a periOd when Soviet force retaliation to the concept of "flexible re­ development was barreling forward, long­ these words very carefully. sponse" under which deterrence of Soviet I have btUdied the treaty and its accom­ range strategic programs in this country nggression would rest, not just on the ca­ were inadequately funded. panying documents in deta.tl. I have been pacity to devastate the Russian heartland, thoroughly briefed by .the administration and But that was not all. The adverse impact but to respond to Soviet aggression at any of the war on force development and mod­ by those on the other side. I have carefully level of conflict. At the conventional level, followed the ongoing debate in the Senate ernization co.ntinued even a!ter U.S. in­ U.S. forces were to be adequate to deal with volvement had ended. This occurred as a committees. And I am deeply troubled. modest military incursions and to make ob­ Frankly, I am troubled less by the ques­ result of the unfulfilled expectation that vious the inevitab111ty of a U.S. military re­ the end of the war would permit a "peace tions in the treaty itself-although there are sponse to agression. They were to be sufficient serious questions--than I am by the air of dividend," releasing large sums of money for to force a "pause" in the conflict in which domestic budget needs. The pressures which unreality that seems to accompany some uf ·the Soviets would contemplate seriously the the debate. this produced on the de!ense budget in gen­ consequences of continuing hostlUties. eral and new strategic programs i·n particular Strategic arms oontrol is of great impor­ Should the U.S.S.R. .nevertheless persist in were extreme. The result was that the de­ tance to the United States. I supported the its aggression, the United States could then fense budget continued to decline as a pro­ SALT talks in Congress, encouraged them as esoaJ.,a.te the conflict to the level of tactical portion of the national budget and o! the vice president and pursued them personally nuclear war!are and, if necessary, to the use gross national product. These diftlcul·ties re­ as president. We need the SALT process and of strategic nuclear weapons. Since the inforced both the tendency toward e. relaxa­ a. good SALT agreement. But neither the United States was unmistakably dominant tion of milltary sta.ndards and a propensity SALT talks nor any SALT treaty 1.s an end in at both these levels, the Soviet Union was to avoid analysis of the strategic balance and it.sel!. It is not the key to all wisdom. It is clearly deterred !rom attack in the NATO the unpleasant choices it might reveal. not a. magic answer. Ratification wlll not area. We got back on track in the mid-70s. The bring utopia.; rejection wlll not bring Arma­ As we made these moves toward a flexible B1 bomber program was fully funded. The geddon. response doctrine, the famed "missile gap" decision was made to go forward with the Just as SALT should never be considered occurred. Suddenly, and for the first time, MX miss.ile. The Trident submarine program in isolation from the rest of U.S.-Soviet rela­ we thought that our absolute dominance was pushed forward. Priority was given to tions, neither should SALT have a. higher in strategic nuclear weapons was imperiled our other strategic programs. And a major priority than our national defense program. by the apparent intention of the U.S.S.R. shipbuilding program was designed a.nd We must be certain of our strength before to produce ICBMs en masse. Because both budgeted. Unfor.tuna.tely, since the election we can safely ccnsider SALT limits on it. our de!ense and deterrence ultimately rested of 1976, the defense budgets have actu&lly Let's make certain we get the horse before on that dominance in strategic weapons, we been propartionately reduced and the weap­ the cart. It would be catastrophic to reverse moved quickly to modernize and diversify ons programs begun in earlier administra­ the two. our strategic force--to make it less vulner­ tions have been halted or slowed down. Anyone who recommends a context for the able to the massive SOviet missile !force we Meanwhile, the Soviet Union has never national debate surely should follow his own were told was their plan. The strategic pos­ stopped building. It we.s thought they would advice. So, before looking at the particulars ture we have today-the Triad and even be satisfied wLth a modest "assured destruc­ of the treaty, let's look at t he status of our the specific weapons systems, the ICBMs, tion" capacity targeted at our cities. They defense program. Let's t ry to answer the strategic ballistic missile submarines, and weren't. Then it was rationized and assumed question: can America be certain of her bombers-was largely developed at that that psychologically they needed to keep strength today and during the next decade? time. building until they felt they had achieved September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26411 strategic force equality and that then they alone. That difference in military hardware lence. But we negotiated the Vladivostok would .stop. They didn't. Toda.y's perilious averages out to over 21 percent a. year. accord in the full expectation of a signifi­ picture is where we stand. Now, if we can't be certain of our strength cantly stronger American strategic posture At virtually every level of military com­ today and during the next decade, what than what was actually in effect or pro­ petition, the United states is either already should we do about SALT and the SALT II grammed when this SALT II treaty was inferior to the Soviet Union or the balance treaty? signed. is shifting steadily against us. We are inferior First, we simply must resist the tempta­ Many of the olverall ce111ngs in the treaty and !s.lling farther behind in conventional tion to think of any SALT treaty as a. sub­ were first set forth at Vladivostok. But that force capability. Our a.bll1ty to project mili­ stitute for summoning the will and the agreement was reached against a backdrop tary power oveT long distances is still supe­ money to make our defense and deterrence of a defense program which included such rior to that of the Soviets, but they a.re forces truly effective. To use SALT as an elements as deployment of our MX missile rapidly closing the gap. OUr dominant posi­ answer to our defense needs is the most in 1983, deployment of the B1 bomber com­ tion on the seas is vanishing. Our Navy is no dangerous kind of wishful thinking. mencing this year with a production rate longer a. two-ocean powerhouse and the Some may say, indeed some have said, that of !our per month, a strong land-, sea.- and Soviets continue to build a. blue-water, if we're headed Into a tough period mllltar­ air-based cruise missile program, an ac­ power-projecting fieet. In NATO, the increas­ ily, isn't a treaty which limits the Soviet celerated Trident program with the first ing Soviet advantage in conventiona.l force Unon's capacity for expansion the best an­ boat to be deployed this year, and and a. capability is no longer balanced by our cur­ swer? Assuming the Soviet Union fully abides determination to stop and reverse the decline rent or proposed thea,ter nuclear we&~pons. by the treaty, it can help, of course. But the in the share of our national income being And, most critical of all for our national best answer to America's inadequate defense allocated to defense. At the time of Vladi­ military policy is the strategic nuclear and deterrence forces, with or without a vostok, our verification facilities in Iran superiority on which we have relied since treaty, is to spend the funds necessary to were secure; and the Soviet Union at that World War II to rectify any force disparities make them adequate to the new realities. time was not embarked on or supporting geo­ at lower levels. The strategic balance is That's not an argument against the treaty; it political adventures in such places as Ethio­ clearly shifting against us, especially as we is a plea from one who has shouldered the pia., South Yemen and A!ghani:.;tan. The look forward to a. period of great vulnerabil­ responsibillties o! the office, to assure that Vladivostok accord did not solve all the ity for our entire ICBM force in the early America's president will have the milltary problems confronting us. But it was an 1980s. tools essential to deter adventurism and to agreement based on equality, fiexlbility and The question we started with was: can defend our country. on the certainty of America's strength into America be certain of her strength today SALT can never be a substitute for the the future. and during the next decade? My answer, certainty of our strength. Dealing from strength, our goal was the frankly, is no. Second, we should firmly reassert our com­ rapid conclusion of a. SALT II agreement, It is an ominous picture. What should we mitment to the SALT process, but with real­ thereby enabling us in SALT ill negotiations do about it? The essential first step is to istic expectations !or that process. to deal with remaining intractable issues, recognize that our military policy is in­ SALT will not eliminate U.S.-Sovlet com­ such as mutual strategic force reductions. creasingly out of touch with reality. Stra­ petition. It certainly will not eliminate the When the strategic force commitments in tegic superiority and escalation dominance threat of nuclear wa.r and surely cannot be place at the time of Vladivostok were cut are no longer available to cover our conven­ expected to reduce greatly the extent of de­ back in 1977, the certainty of our future tional military shortfalls, which are growing. struction should a. war occur. It will not per­ m1litary strength was also cut back, and This 1s the fact of our present situation, mit us to cut the defense budget. Neither America's negotiating posture for both SALT a. fact we have been all to unwilling to face the United States nor the Soviet Union is II and SALT III was weakened. openly. prepared to entrust its fundamental national Fourth, there are a. number of specific How do we recover? There is, unfortu­ security to any agreement, no matter how problem areas in the treaty which should be nately, no easy, painless, inexpensive way. carefully crafted. recognized and hopefully corrected by Soviet Since we can no longer dominate the esca­ What then can SALT do? In military terms, agreement or by Senate understandings or lation ladder, we must have forces able to SALT can document the competition that reservations. deal adequately with aggression at every exists and will continue. There are useful elements in the treaty. level of conflict. In addition, we need to SALT can improve the sta.billty of the It does put a cap on some elements of stra­ modify our strategic employment doctrine. strategic balance, making an unintended re­ tegic force quantitative competition. The No president should be forced to choose be­ sort to war less likely. upper limit on numbers of MIRVs per mis­ tween the massive destruction of the Soviet SALT may be able to channel the direc­ sile is especially worthwhile. Union or surrender. That is an intolerable tions of strategic weapons development, On the other hand, I am concerned at the burden. It is an intolerable choice. thus lessening the chances that a. critically protocol casting a. long shadow over the Broader options obviously demand a larger destabilizing breakthrough will occur. It may SALT III negotiations and at the pressures defense program. Our senior military leaders enable us to avoid some defense expenditures we will certainly face to continue restrictions can better set out the program details and which otherwise might be necessary to on cruise missiles beyond the term of the precise dollar amounts essential to our needs, achieve a. satisfactory strategic balance. And protocol. I disagree with the asymmetric although certain steps are obvious: in a. perilous rivalry, SALT does perform a. treatment by which peripheral systems such We need an MX missile. service by providing a. process of dialogue. as cruise missiles are included in the treaty We need a new strategic bomber. Compared rto some extravagant claims and whlle the Backfire bomber is dealt with only We need to accelerate the Trident pro­ expectations, these a.re modest benefits, but in a. separate Soviet aside. gram as rapidly as our fa.c111ties will permit. they are nonetheless significant and well There are two aspects of the verification We need an air defense at least su1flcient worth our continued serious efforts. Greater issue which trouble me. The manner of res­ to prevent the Backfire bomber from count­ expectations are not realistic. And SALT can olution of the issues relating to the encryp­ ing on a free-ride attack on the United perform these services only if we do not ask tion of missile telemetry at a. minimum in­ States. that it also try to regain at the negotiating vites dispute about what is and what is not We need to modernize and enhance our table what we have unilaterally given up essential for treaty verification. I am also strategic airlift capabilities, to enable us by not strengthening and modernizing our disturbed by the so-called "new types" ar­ to project our m111tary power adequately defense programs. ticle purporting to limit both sides to one wherever it may be needed. Just as supporters who claim too much for new ICBM. The title appears to be a mls­ the treaty should not let their euphoria or nomer at best. The treaty permits the broad­ We need additional funds to improve their rhetoric get the best of them, oppo­ est kind o! missile modernization to be command and control, for readiness training nents who allege too little for the treaty carried out without hindrance. Both because and for conventional force modernization. should not forget the fundamental point there is no baseline agreement on the dimen­ And we need assured funding for research that there is progress in a. responsible sions defined and because the tolerances al­ and development into the future. process. lowed are too narrow, we cannot adequately This list is not all-inclusive, but it is cer­ Third, let us In the future realize what in verify compliance with this article. While it tainly expensive. The Joint Chiefs of Staff recent years we seem to have forgotten­ apparently does constrain changes in MIRV have indicated that a. 5 percent real in­ that SALT negotiations, like all negotia,tions, size and numbers, as well as propellant types, crease in the defense budget !or at least the to be successful, are best undertaken from the article at the very best can be expected next five years is a minimum figure. I am strength. to result in disputes over conformity with prepared to accept and endorse that judg­ The current administration Is fond of im­ its provisions. At the worst, it could permit ment. Let me also point out that I am not a plying that the current treaty is the product the Soviet Union to deploy five essentially latter-day convert to the kind of defense of a. continuing negotiating process begun new missiles. program I have outlined. The spendlng which with SALT I under the Nixon administra­ Fifth, and this is the bottom line, even if I proposed when I was in office provlded for tion and furthered through the Vladivostok the questions about the treaty are ade­ more than a. 5 percent annual increase in accord under the Ford administration. They quately answered, I am opposed to the rati­ the defense budget. The present administra­ miss the critical point. fication of the treaty until and unless we tion's budgets for the years 1978 to 1983 have The truth is that we negotiated a. real can once again be certain of our strength. fallen behind my proposals by $66 billion in breakthrough at Vladivostok with the mu­ That means that our necessary strategic force the critical area. of military procurement tual acceptance of the principle of equlva.- improvements should be clearly in process. 26412 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1979 It means that the overall necessary defense with the high price of everything must be I am appending my comments on the spending increases should be unequivocally permitted to obscure a. clear and present fiscal year 1980 defense appropriations included in this year's budget, next year's, danger to our national security. and each succeeding year of the five-year The decisions we make on our defense bill contained in the committee's report. plan. It means clear policies should be es­ budget and the SALT treaty are as important REPORT tablished by the administration and backed as any decisions America has ever had to The funds recommended !or appropriation by the Congress in statutory authorizations make. The necessity !or economic and energy by this Committee are inadequate to meet and by the necessary appropriations. These security is inseparable from a commitment the nation's defense requirements for Fiscal requirements undoubtedly w111 mean that to national mil1tary security. Year 1980. The funds reoom.mended by this a final vote on ratification would not happen Without the deterrence of an adequate Committee are $15.0 blliLon (TOA) below until well into next year. But the delay will range of military resources, our diplomacy the funds recommended in this FY 78 budget be proved worthwhile if ultimate ratifica­ can be hamstrung in the face of Soviet ad­ message for FY 80 by President Ford. Since tion occurs at a time when we are certain venturism which potentially further chal­ President Ford left office, the funds approved of our strength again. lenges our worldwide energy supply lines. by the Congress (induding this Oommittee's Let me emphasize the point. Some suggest Without a. revitalized, diversified and se­ FY 80 recommendations) have been $28.4 they are for the treaty on the assumption cure strategic capab1lity, our allies cannot billion in the B~ggregate below the amount that the necessary defense spending decisions recover their confidence in our overall lead­ recommended by the previous admlnistra­ will be made. That is not my position. My ership which is a precondition to recovering tion. Nevertheless, there has been no major position is that I am against the treaty their confidence in our dollar. reduction in U.S. alliance commitments, nor unless the necessary defense spending deci­ Without the psychological confidence has there been any attenuation of the mili­ sions have been made and have been written based on the certainty of our strength, no tary threat our forces face in the event of into law. I don't believe vague, short-term American president can be certain to deter host1llt1es with the Soviet Union that could or revocable assurances are enough; we must the kind of confiict that makes ecOID.omic justi!y such a massive series of reductions. be certain of our strength before we accept security irrelevant. Yet, except for selected procurement ac­ limits on it. Let me repeat: the necessity tor economic counts, the Comm.ittee's recommendation In very practical terms, only 1! the Soviets and energy security is inseparable from a proposes reductLons which will undermine know there is an unacceptable penalty for commitment to national military security. the ab111ty of the armed forces to respond violations can they be expected to abide by A bold America today is the only sure road to a major military contingency !or years to the provisions of SALT II and stay on the to a secure and thriving America tomorrow.e come. sate side of any uncertainties and ambigui­ THE MILITARY THREAT ties-and be prepared to negotiate seriously A fundamental weakness of the Commit­ on SALT III. The Soviets will not be per­ CONCERNS ABOUT THE FISCAL tee's review of the FY 80 defense budget is suaded either by expressions of goodwill or YEAR 1980 DEFENSE APPROPRIA­ the failure to weigh the recommendations by pleas for restraint if they believe in TIONS BILL proposed 91gainst the military threat the their conventional and strategic superiority. budget is intended to address. Witnesses be­ They must be convinced by reality that we fore the Subcommittee on Defense provided have other options. Only then will SALT II considerable detail about the evolution of be a viable instrument and only then will HON. JACK F. KEMP OF NEW YORK the threat posed to U.S. forces. Illustrative there be any hope of real progress in SALT changes in the. magnitude of the threat in­ III. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATTVES clude: Many will ask how we can call for a Wednesday, September 26, 1979 Improvement in the effectiveness of So­ stronger defense progre.m while we face rag­ viet armor on the most advanced Soviet ing inflation, rising unemployment, a reces­ • Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the fiscal main battle tank, the T-72; sion, a. severe energy crisis and a host of year 1980 Department of Defense appro­ The upgrading of Soviet tactical air power pressing domestic problems. The question is priation bill has been the product of from a force dominated bY\ the air defense reasonable. I do not claim the answer will months of work by the Defense Subcom­ mission to one which increasingly empha­ be easy. But I am not speaking out now sizes the ground attack role; from the comfortable vantage point of a mittee. Regrettably, it falls far short of The introduction of two new medium sidelines observer. During my term of office, the mark when measured against our range theater nuclear delivery systems, the I did increase the defense budget--by 5.8 security requirements. The budget falls SS-21 and SB-22; percent in real terms in FY77 alone, even far below the figure recommended by the The development of a new tank, the sec­ after substantial congressional cuts. I did previous administration, and reflects the ond main battle tank developed by the So­ get under way a. substantial five-year ship­ sharp reductions this administration has viet Union within the decade, the T-80, building progra.m~providing almost twice scheduled for deploymeillt within the next the number of ships in the current pro­ made in strategic programs such as MX, which has been delayed by more than 2 two years; gram-to ensure our naval predominance in The deployment of a second aircraft car­ the years ahead. I did have under way an years, as well as major reductions in rier, the Minsk, and the unambiguous intro­ MX missile and a Bl bomber program as well naval shipbuilding. duction of nuclear propulsion to the Soviet as other force improvement packages. And, These reductions have been made in surface navy with the development of a nu­ I we.s doing this while helping reduce infla­ the context of a vigorous national debate clear-powered cruiser; tion from 12.5 percent to 4.8 percent. It can about the desired level of investment in The increase in the tank strength o! So­ be done. We can afford it; what we cannot viet d~visions deployed in Eastern Europe to afford are self-defeating "guns or butter" defense. The President refused to sup­ port the 3-percent growth rate he was 415 per Tank division, a number significantly arguments. greater than the holdings of their American Let me close with a deep personal concern. nominally pledged to support, and has armored division counterpart; My greatest fear for this country is that the rejected Senator NUNN's suggestion of a The expected doubling of Soviet multiple obvious danger signals for our economic se­ 5-percent growth rate in defense. In fact, warhead loadings in their submarine force curity will blind our leadership or our people the discussion about the growth rate in within the next few years-the one realm of to the more subtle danger signals for our defense expenditure misses the point: it strategic arms competition where the U.S. national security. had a substantial numerical advantage; The danger signals for our economy are all matters little how much we spend on around us. The experts cite the high inflation defense; only what defense we purchase The development of a new (fifth) genera­ rates, the high unemployment rates, and the for our national investment makes a tion o! ICBMs, two new submarine launched high interest rates. The people don't need difference. ballistic missiles, and three new bomber types, all carried out simultaneously by the the experts to tell them they have problems. The defense program, whether it is Soviets. They live every day with the cost of en­ President Carter's proposed fiscal year The aforementioned developments are il­ ergy and food and housing. A clear and 1980 defense budget, or his slower growth present economic danger is obvious. lustrative of the swiftly changing character These pressing economic concerns may fiscal year 1981 defense program does not of the threat posed to U.S. forces. Indeed, a keep many Americans !rom recognizing the contain the programs needed to assure recently published study of the RAND Cor­ importance of the SALT and defense debate. the Nation of an adequate defense in the poration cites the estimate that the Soviets There is no everyday statistical equivalent 1980's. The Nation's defense problems have invested more than $100 b111ion more in the national security area to the cost-of­ will only be successfully met if we resolve than the United States in defense in less than living index. The erosion of a nation's de­ to get the most defense per dollar-in­ ten years. In vestment disparities of the mag­ fenses is not obvious at the supermarket. The eluding procuring defense products and nitude year-in and year-out have eroded the priority of our defense budget seems a dis­ relative m1Utary power of the United States tant concern in the gas lines. We certainly services at the lowest cost in a competi­ to the point where the Joint Chiefs of Staff don't need any more problems. We all would tive environment-and focus our defense concede that the U.S. will lose "essential like to wish them away. investment on programs which hold out equivalence with the Soviets by the early But neither Washington's preoccupation promise of meeting the military threat 1980s." with politics nor our people's preoccupation posed to our forces by the Soviet Union. Despite these foreseeable consequences, September 26, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26413

Committee decisions a.ppee.r to be immune ammunition deficiency in excess of $15 bil­ the kinds of skills they need to stay alive OL from assimilating the consequences of the lion; the Navy has sufficient aircraft to the first day of combat. growth of Soviet military power. If the U.S. equip only 9 of its 12 operational aircraft It is the Command decision, !based on defense budget were to grow at a five percent carriers; the Air Force lacks sufficient air­ shortages of ammunition, that all troops annual rate, and the Soviet defense budget craft to equip its 26 active wings; the gross should fire only twice a year and with limited continues to grow at the rate estimated by underfunding of naval shipbuilding will in­ numbers of rounds. Due to troop rotations, CIA, it will take 42 years for U.S. defense evitably mean a far smaller naval force to many men fire their weapons no more thMl investment to catch up to that of the Soviet face undiminished commitments in the once a year. A typical example is demon­ Union. At the three percent rate of growth decade ahead. The !allure to procure weapon strated by a platoon that fires only one round proposed by the President, the U.S.-Soviet systems in adequate quantities has dimin­ of anti-tank ammunition a year (Dragon). chasm will grow. Such yawning disparities in ished the Inilitary capability of our active Efforts are made to simulate firing conditions, the prospective military power of the U.S. and and reserve forces, led to high unit cost pro­ but you cannot effectively fire a .22 caliber the Soviet Union cannot fail to have eventual curement, and has reduced the responsive­ bullet and keep pretending it Is a 105 mm. adverse diplomatic consequences for the ness of the military-industrial base to re­ shell, I have been told by top command United States. spond to a. future mobilization contingency. officers that money has been taken from The continuous decline of American mili­ ammunition budgets to pay increased fuel REDUCTIONS IN OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE tary power should be a serious concern to and electric bills. We have a shortfall of at Funds for Operations and Maintenance the Congress, and should be reflected in least 30 percent in training ammunition in (O&M) provide for the readiness of U.S. greater evidence of initiative and independ­ Europe today. Unless platoons, companies, forces. With active armed forces of ever ence in fulfilling its Constitutional responsi­ and battalions can have ainmunition for diminishing size, the state of operational bility to "raise an Army and Navy." With the ma.neuvers and work on real battle situa­ readiness of the forces is a matter of partic­ singular exception of its insistence upon nu­ tions, many American S

SENATE-Thursday, September 27, 1979

The Senate met at 9: 15 a.m., on the Let us pray. or creed; that departing from everything expiration of the recess, and was called 0 God, Quest of the ages and Hope that estranges and divides, we may by to order by Hon. RoBERT C. BYRD, a Sen­ of the world, we beseech Thee to hear Thee be brought into unity of spirit, in ator from the State of West Virginia. us as we pray for ourselves, our Nation, the bond of peace. Guide us, strengthen PRAYER and all mankind. Turn all hearts to us, uphold us, protect us as we strive The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward Thee. Remove from our minds hatred, to do Thy work until we arrive at that L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following prejudice, and contempt for those who kingdom which is on Earth as it is in prayer: are not of our own race or color, class heaven. AmEm.

• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor.