The Situation of Children and Young People at the Regional Level in Azerbaijan

Prepared by Azerbaijan Country Statistical Team Co-ordinator: Meri Gardashkhanova State Statistical Committee, Baku

MONEE Country Analytical Report November 2004

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The project to monitor the impact of economic and social change on children in Eastern and Central Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (MONEE) was initiated at the UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre in 1992. The project seeks to monitor, analyse and disseminate information on economic and social trends affecting children’s rights and wellbeing in countries in the region. A key feature of the Project is a network of correspondents in the 27 National Statistical Offices (NSOs). On an annual basis these correspondents complete an extensive data template which in turn is used for calculating indicators, supporting research of the project and, in due course, being made publicly available as the TransMonee database and in tables and graphs of the Innocenti Social Monitor.

For a number of years, each participating NSO prepared a Country Analytical Report based on extensive outline from UNICEF IRC on a different theme on the situation of children every year. These analytical reports have provided valuable input into the research at UNICEF IRC and, as significantly, have also served as important national documents on monitoring aspects of child wellbeing in the countries. Some of these Country Analytical Reports have been issued by the NSOs (in the national language) as part of their publication programme.

UNICEF IRC attaches great value to these national assessments of the situation of children and is committed to promote the efforts, including through translating the reports into English (where the submitted report has been in Russian) and offering its website to make them accessible to a wider research audience. The Country Analytical Reports are owned and authored by the National Statistical Offices and are not the intellectual property of UNICEF (see below).

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STATE STATISTICAL COMMITTEE OF AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC

THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE AT REGIONAL LEVEL IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

Baku – 2004

4 POLITICAL DIVISION OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

The Republic of Azerbaijan is situated in eastern part of South Caucasus, in the coast of Caspian Sea. The territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan makes 86.6 thousand square kilometers, about 20% of which were occupied by Armenia. Population density is 95.4. The country includes following administrative units: Nakhchivan AR, 66 regions, and 69 towns, of which 8 – cities, 13 urban districts, 227 settlements, 1587 rural territorial district, and 4271 rural settlements. In 2004, the existed 8 cities and 66 regions with its centers were consolidated into 11 economic regions.

POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES

Population size of Azerbaijan Republic at the end of 2003 year made 8 million 266 thousand person, of which 4 million 254 thousand person or 51.5 per cent were urban population and 4 million 12 thousand person or 48.5 per cent were rural population. Average annual population increase rate during the last 14 years (1990- 2003) made 75 000 persons . Since 1990 the considerable average annual increase rate of population has been observed in Khizy (35.6 per cent), Samukh (32.5 per cent), Jalilabad (32.4 per cent) and in some other regions. Age and sex structure of the country’s population is as follows: 4 million 59 thousand or 49 per cent are male and 4 million 207 thousand or 51 per cent are female; 26 per cent of the population (28 per cent are male, 25 per cent are female) are under 15 years old (0-14 years), and 7 per cent are over age 65 (male - 6 per cent, female - 8 per cent). Predominance of women size is noticeable in Ganja, Mingechevir cities, as well as Akstafa, Bilasuvar, Gakh, Zagatala and some other regions. However, in some regions such as Khizy, Khanlar, Aghjabedy, Gabala men exceed women. Average age of population is 31 years. For many years increasing of the country’s population is realized at the expense of natural increase, namely birth. In 2003, 113.5 thousand infants were born in the country, 2/3 of which - by mothers at the age of 20-29 years. In spite of the fact that, today 48.5 per cent of total population of Azerbaijan and 48.1 per cent of total women of age 18-35 years reside in rural places, the share of infants born in rural places makes 55 per cent of total infants born last year. More higher indicators of birth were in Lerik, Yardimly, Gobustan and in some other regions, and lower indicators were observed in cities of the republic – Ganja, Sumgayit, Ali-Bayramly, and Mingechevir. At present, there are two born children per woman during her life (in 1958 - 1995: five children). If in 1990, the share of children born as third and over made 31 per cent, in 2003 - only 20 per cent. 5 Today the number of women at fertile age reaches to 2 million 459 thousand person. The marital state also has an important influence on birth. In 2003, it was registered 56.1 thousand marriages and dissolved 6.7 thousand marriages, i.e. there were 6.9 marriages and 0.8 divorces per 1000 person against respectively 10.4 and 2 in 1990. According to results of last population census about 1 million 746 thousand or 43% of women at the age of 16 and over are married. More higher indicators of marriage (per 1000 population) were registered in Gobustan, Bilasuvar, Barda, Lerik, and some other regions and more lower indicators – in Baku, Ganja, Sumgayit, Ali-Bayramly and Mingechevir cities. More higher indicators of divorce are in these cities. In 2003, number of children born by women being in unregistered marriage made 11.9 thsd. against 4.8 thsd. in 1990. In the result of divorces, in 2003, about 4.5 thousand children lost one of their parents. In 2003, life expectancy was 72.3 years, or 69.5 years for male, 75.1 years for female against respectively 71.1, 67.0 and 74.8 in 1990. During 2003, 3.8 thousand persons had left the republic and 2.5 thousand persons had arrived. More higher indicator was observed in Apsheron, Baku and Ali-Bayramly cities, and main indicator of migrants – Nakhchivan AR, as well as Mingechevir and Ganja cities.

Events that had occurred since 1988 have had essential influence on the demographic situation of Azerbaijan. Along with the occupation of 20% of the territories and numerous human scarifies, conflict with Armenia had also brought to Azerbaijan more than 1 million of refugees and forced migrants, more than half of whom are children and elderly people. Many of these people live in horrible conditions: in tents and uninhabitable places. Refugees and IDP were located in all regions and towns of the country. However, more than 70 per cent of them are concentrated in Baku, Sumgayit, Ganja, Mingechevir cities, as well as Barda, Beylagan, Bilasuvar, Imishly, Saatly, Sabirabad, Tartar, Khanlar and Shamkir regions.

REGIONAL ECONOMIC STRUCTURE

Gross production output of main fields of economy that includes output of industrial, agricultural products as well as construction, trade, transport and communication services, made 52.5 trillion manat in 2003 and was increased compared to previous year, in actual terms, for 17.6 per cent. During this period, 73.7 per cent of production output was per capital of republic – Baku city, 2.0 per cent – Nakhchivan AR, 1.5 per cent – Sumgayit city, 1.6 per cent – Mingechaur, 1.1 per cent – Ali-Bayrmaly, 0.9 per cent – Ganja city and 19.2 per cent – rest regions of the country occupied mainly in agriculture. 6 In whole by the country, 45.1 per cent of output made industrial production, 13.5 per cent – agricultural, 41.4 per cent – services, including construction. In towns of the republic including Baku city the most part of production and services (55.2%) was produced in industry, 44.7 per cent – in the field of services, and only 0.1 per cent – agriculture. In 2003 in Nakhchivan AR 8.6 per cent from total production output was per the share of industry, 35.0 per cent – agriculture, 56.4 per cent – services. In the rest regions of the country main part of production output (65.8%) made agricultural production. Production output per capita in towns of the republic is fluctuated between 313.4 US$ in Ganja city and 4290.7 US$ in Baku. In Nakhchivan, there were output per capita products and services in the value of 566,7 US$, and in average per inhabitant of rural regions – 376,6 US$.

During 2003 for regions development 18.8 trillion manat were directed to capital investments or 2328.7 thousand manat – per inhabitant of republic. Taking into account peculiarity of separate regions the capital investments per capita are differed. For example, if 9681,4 thousand manat is per inhabitant of Baku city, that is higher even than average republic indicator, then in Lenkoran economic region it made only 79,2 thousand manat, Sheki-Zagatala economic region – 87,9 thousand manat, Guba-Khachmaz economic region – 168,5 thousand manat, Ganja-Gazakh economic region – 118,4 thousand manat.

GOVERNMENT FINANCING

State budget incomes of Azerbaijan Republic in 2003 made 6.1 trillion manat and expenditures – 6.2 trillion manat. In this period about 45 per cent of budget expenditures (2.8 trillion manat) were directed to social sphere, including education, science, healthcare, social defence and social security of population, development of culture and art and etc. One of the main expenditures items of the state budget is expenses for education. Last year it made 42.8 per cent from expenditures on social development and 19.7 per cent from total expenditures of the state budget. During this period 1.2 trillion manat (for 22.8% more than in 2002) were spent for education, of which 98 per cent made current maintenance costs and providing of educational institutions. 65.3 per cent of expenses for education made funds directed to primary education (767.1 milliard manat) and increased with respect to analogical indicator of 2002 for 24.3 per cent. At the same period, 7.9 per cent from total expenditures on education were spent for preschool education or 92.5 milliard manat; 5.6 per cent (65.5 milliard manat) – higher education and 1.4 per cent (16.7 milliard manat) – special education. There were no serious changes in the structure of expenditures on education compared to 2002. State budget expenditures on healthcare in 2003 made 276.6 milliard manat, that was 4.5 per cent from total budget expenditures and increased compared to previous year for 23.4 per cent. 7 State Program on Social Economic Development of the regions of Azerbaijan Republic for 2004-2008 was approved by decree of the President of Azerbaijan Republic dated February 11, 2004. Main purpose of the Program is the achievement of development of separate fields of economy, further widening of manufacturing enterprises activity, stimulation of production of export products, further improvement of population living standards, increasing of employment, particularly occupation of youths with useful labour by means of development of local entrepreneurship and providing of dynamic development of the country economy by effective using of regions’ available potential. For achievement of abovementioned goals it is planned the realizing of the following activities: - renewal of production activity of already existing enterprises and establishment of new ones; - increase of effectiveness of use of local resources; - creation and providing of infrastructure development necessary for the regions development; - acceleration of second stage of reforms in agrarian sector and for that the creation of different conditions, enlargement of seed-growing base, improvement of providing of technique and implementing of necessary activities for the purpose of rendering assistance to farmers and other workers of agriculture; - providing of creation of advantageous conditions for investors involving in regions; - stimulation of creation of new job places; - improvement of providing of population with public services.

In this program for each region separately the corresponding list of necessary and concrete activities as well as organs of public managements responsible for their realization was defined.

LIVING STANDARDS IN REGIONS

The differences in living standards between regions had appeared in the result of economic growth in oil-and-gas industry and in the result of growth of corresponding services, concentrated in Baku city and territories around Baku. But it doesn’t mean that the population of Baku city lives better than population of other regions. A wide range of rich and poor population lives in Baku. Before 2004, for conducting of HS the SSC Azerbaijan used the classification of dividing of the country into 9 economic regions: Nakhchivan, Apsheron, Mugan-Salyan, Ganja-Gazakh, Sheki-Zagatala, Lenkoran-Astara, Shirvan, Garabagh-Mil, Baku. The obtained information from HS is insufficient in order to present overall picture of differences in living standards of various regions. According to survey results it becomes evident that the poverty in Apsheron, Garabagh-Mil and Sheki-Zagatala economic regions is rather in high 8 level. The poverty risk in Baku is not above and below average level (49%). The situation in Nakhchivan, Lenkoran-Astara and Shirvan is better relatively. As Nakhchivan is so remote from rest territories of the country, and is in blockade because of conflict with Armenia, is faced with specific difficulties. But, at the same time Nakhchivan bordering with Iran and Turkey, turns to advantage from trade with these countries. The interview of small size population shows that supply of places far from Baku and Apsheron with energy is unreliable. The energy supply in those territories is only some hours per day that directly influences on population living standards. So, limited supply with electricity impedes the development of entrepreneurship in these regions. For the present, HS couldn’t present clear-cut regional differences on living standards. But, at the same time presence of poverty is observed throughout the country. However, higher development of the infrastructure and service is observed in Baku and Apsheron relatively to other regions and majority part of the poor strata resides here. Baku city and Apsheron-Guba economic region are also differed by the level of average monthly income per capita. This indicator on Baku was highest and made up 215712 manat, and Apsheron-Guba economic region -193610 manat. In Garabagh-Mil region the income made 180893 manat, Shirvan – 179566 manat, Mugan-Salyan-176806 manat. Inhabitants of Nakhchivan AR and Ganja-Gazakh region have low income, relatively 166777 and 172270 manat. The reasons of that are blockade from the side of Armenia and conflict situation in the border. The population of these two economic regions couldn’t use lands, which were allocated in connection with agrarian reforms carried out. The population of other economic regions widely uses the presented lands, share of income of which sometimes is varied from 25% to 35% of total households’ income. One of the important indicators characterizing living standards level is adequate provision of the population with consumer durable. According to HS data, the provision of the population with TV per 100 households was 109 pieces (including color TV - 69, and black-and-white TV - 40). The inhabitants of Baku city and Apsheron-Guba economic region are most provided with color TV, relatively 92 and 71 pieces per 100 households. The availability of refrigerators, mobile phones, satellites, video recorders, laundry washers, personal computers, passenger cars in families is also higher in these regions. Below mentioned table reflects these indicators. The households of other regions have limited possibilities of purchasing of new durable goods and prevailing part of own income spend for purchasing of food and nonfood items and payment of housing services.

9 Number of available durable goods by households and regions Per 100 households, pieces

Mil Guba Sheki- Astara Ganja- Salyan Gazakh Shirvan Mugan- Zagatala Baku city Baku Lankaran- Karabagh- Absheron- Nakhchivan Black and white TV set 49,5 36,2 52,9 50,7 56,1 47,4 70,0 48,0 13,6 Colored TV set 66,1 70,6 55,1 55,1 63,5 61,2 47,1 59,6 91,9 Satellite plate 52,4 5,6 13,3 16,4 37,6 18,8 23,2 32,2 5,3 Personal computer 0,5 0,3 - - 1,8 0,2 0,4 0,2 2,0 Access to Internet - - - 0,2 0,4 - - - 0,6 Mobile phone 8,5 19,6 18,6 12,2 23,6 17,4 17,1 23,4 46,0 Music Center 5,8 3,0 0,4 0,8 2,6 0,7 3,1 1,5 8,8 Tape recorder 66,9 60,7 55,3 73,5 59,0 63,8 65,5 46,2 60,7 Video tape recorder 10,2 41,7 25,2 27,2 30,5 32,5 29,0 22,6 50,9 Video camera 0,6 1,1 0,1 0,5 2,6 1,2 1,1 0,5 3,8 Air conditioner 9,9 8,5 11,8 2,0 6,4 2,2 9,8 11,9 26,5 Cooler 92,5 91,7 92,4 96,4 90,9 78,7 89,0 94,9 98,7 Washing machine 7,6 29,6 15,2 41,5 30,3 13,1 41,7 19,2 37,6 Microwave 0,6 0,1 1,0 11,5 0,5 2,7 0,4 0,1 2,8 Dishwasher - 0,1 - - 0,4 0,2 0,9 - 0,4 Kitchen unit 2,5 0,3 0,8 1,6 5,9 0,9 0,8 0,2 6,3 Electric vacuum cleaner 31,4 39,4 34,5 31,8 20,2 17,2 33,4 29,7 54,7 Sewing machine 41,5 33,1 36,9 34,6 29,5 24,4 39,6 11,2 31,5 Car 15,8 18,9 16,4 18,0 19,1 17,4 19,7 17,6 20,8 Motorcycle 0,7 0,5 7,4 0,5 5,6 0,1 0,7 1,1 0,1 Bicycle for adults 21,6 1,8 2,1 - 2,9 - 8,6 0,5 1,1

Total and floor space area per inhabitant by economic regions is indicated in the following table. In connection with that the population of rural places mainly has owner-occupied dwellings, the total and floor space area per inhabitant is more than in urban places. The table also characterizes data by number of habitable rooms, types and kinds of property of economic regions. The households of economic regions are also equipped with amenities such as access to drink water, availability of land and market-garden and etc.

10 Households having poultry, livestock or bees by region, in per cent In per cent

Shirvan Baku Baku city Nakhchivan Karabagh-Mil Ganja-Gazakh Mugan-Salyan Sheki-Zagatala Absheron-Guba Lankaran-Astara Distribution of households by total place per household member Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 less than 10 m 2 6,0 13,8 4,9 6,7 6,5 9,2 8,2 7,0 15,6 10.1-20.0 m2 60,7 48,5 55,6 60,8 56,6 50,7 54,3 54,2 53,2 20.1-30.0 m2 16,5 22,7 26,9 16,8 23,7 24,9 23,3 22,8 19,2 more than 30 m 2 16,8 15,1 12,6 15,7 13,3 15,2 14,2 16,1 12,0 Distribution of house- holds by living place per household member Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 less than 10 m 2 35,1 39,5 25,8 36,8 27,8 31,0 33,3 35,3 43,8 10.1-20.0 m2 46,3 43,2 58,8 46,2 54,8 54,1 50,3 47,7 42,7 20.1-30.0 m2 11,6 10,4 10,2 9,3 11,1 8,4 10,9 9,1 8,0 more than 30 m 2 7,0 7,0 5,2 7,7 6,3 6,5 5,5 8,0 5,5 Number of rooms in

dwelling Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 room 6,8 7,9 3,4 4,8 2,9 1,7 2,8 3,4 10,0 2 rooms 40,8 28,9 22,1 38,4 37,6 27,5 37,4 30,8 38,9 3 rooms 37,0 38,6 41,5 30,3 35,5 44,7 37,3 38,0 35,3 4 rooms 14,0 20,1 26,5 18,8 17,8 22,2 15,7 20,7 11,9 5 rooms and more 1,4 4,6 6,5 7,7 6,3 3,9 6,9 7,1 4,0 Type of accommodation

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 separate house 86,5 59,4 66,2 88,4 93,0 95,9 91,3 66,5 32,6 part of separate house 2,2 1,4 1,4 3,1 3,4 1,2 3,9 0,3 1,0 apartment 10,9 36,7 15,3 7,7 3,0 2,7 4,3 16,8 60,6 hostel 0,4 2,2 - 0,7 0,3 - 0,2 3,0 5,8 other - 0,3 17,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,3 13,4 - Owner of dwelling Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 private property 96,5 79,9 86,1 96,4 96,6 97,7 93,4 92,9 82,2 local authorities 0,6 12,4 12,2 1,1 0,7 1,4 3,3 2,9 10,1 enterprise, organization 0,6 1,3 0,6 1,5 1,0 0,3 1,4 1,8 1,2 rent from the private 1,5 4,8 0,7 0,7 1,1 - 0,8 0,6 4,7 person relatives, friends 0,8 1,6 0,4 0,3 0,7 0,6 0,7 1,5 1,7 other ------0,3 0,2 0,1

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Distribution of households according to amenities by economic regions In per cent

Shirvan Shirvan Baku Baku city Nakhchivan Karabagh-Mil Ganja-Gazakh Mugan-Salyan Sheki-Zagatala Absheron-Guba Lankaran-Astara

Total area per household 18,6 17,8 19,3 17,8 18,2 18,7 18,4 18,6 15,8 member (m 2) Living area per household 13,3 12,5 13,7 12,6 13,4 12,9 13,0 13,1 11,1 member (m 2) Households with this

facilities in dwelling central heating 4,1 14,4 0,0 0,2 1,8 0,0 0,3 18,0 47,9 cooker, stove 79,1 48,1 60,7 75,1 95,4 99,0 98,9 53,9 29,8 telephone 39,2 44,9 30,9 40,1 34,2 50,4 42,7 37,2 80,5 sewerage 97,3 98,9 64,6 89,2 86,5 64,0 92,4 86,2 98,7 bathroom, shower 41,7 66,7 41,7 56,2 41,9 44,7 52,5 52,7 92,4 electric cooker 0,1 0,9 0,1 6,0 1,6 2,1 0,1 2,3 0,7 gas supply 0,0 75,5 23,9 48,1 26,1 14,6 44,6 42,5 98,7 gas cylinder 97,5 8,6 31,5 48,1 36,0 58,3 55,1 58,1 7,9 garage 11,3 4,6 8,0 10,4 8,5 4,9 10,1 13,8 6,4 hot water 33,6 57,7 10,8 44,6 7,7 14,0 17,3 45,2 85,8 water pipeline 46,7 87,8 62,9 62,7 61,3 30,0 46,8 52,7 94,5 Households without water 53,3 12,2 37,1 37,3 38,7 70 53,2 47,3 5,5 pipeline take water from: Well in yard 44,2 6,9 2,6 3,6 1,1 43,0 0,3 1,1 35,0 Public heaters 25,3 67,9 45,9 30,2 13,5 15,0 4,9 21,5 46,5 Public well 29,5 2,0 - 1,7 3,2 2,3 0,5 40,3 1,5 Spring, river, lake 0,9 15,0 48,9 62,0 82,3 23,7 47,7 31,5 - Cyctern car - 8,2 2,6 2,4 - 16,2 46,7 5,6 17,1 Distance to source Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Less than 50m 47,2 49,4 29,0 13,9 16,5 73,7 51,3 11,2 64,3 50-100m 44,8 44,1 53,9 49,8 42,0 12,5 30,2 51,3 34,8 100-200m 6,2 4,5 13,6 8,5 27,8 6,9 13,9 24,3 0,9 200-5000m 1,6 2,0 2,4 1,7 13,8 6,2 3,9 8,2 - More than 500m 0,2 - 1,0 26,2 - 0,7 0,7 4,9 -

12 Distribution of households by access to land, average size of land and type of land by region, in per cent

Shirvan Shirvan Baku Baku city Nakhchivan Karabagh-Mil Ganja-Gazakh Mugan-Salyan Sheki-Zagatala Absheron-Guba Lankaran-Astara

Households with plot of land 89,5 53,9 73,1 87,6 96,9 98,7 95,1 82,4 18,5 Average size of main plot of land 28,8 15,5 185,7 36,8 73,0 30,0 68,4 126,2 5,0 Type of main plot of land: peasant 30,9 22,6 49,5 40,3 46,2 34,5 32,3 45,5 0,5 farming 1,5 2,8 - 0,5 4,0 0,2 0,4 7,0 - backyard 67,5 73,9 49,6 58,8 49,5 63,4 66,8 37,4 90,1 garden in summer house 0,1 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 1,9 - 3,3 9,4 other - 0,3 0,6 0,1 - - 0,4 6,9 - Ownership of land plot (main plot) own 99,7 98,3 85,2 99,2 98,6 99,7 97,7 82,6 98,9 rent - 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,7 - 0,2 1,1 0,7 use temporarily 0,3 1,5 8,9 0,5 0,7 0,3 1,9 11,3 0,4 other - - 5,8 0,1 - - 0,2 5,0 - What is primary use of the main

land plot used just for rest, nothing grows 1,5 3,1 - 1,7 0,1 0,3 0,2 9,2 7,7 for consumption but not marketing 47,4 55,1 31,0 34,7 17,7 51,8 39,1 39,6 68,7 purposes for consumption and marketing 48,0 31,7 56,1 52,7 81,7 47,8 59,7 42,8 22,2 purposes only for marketing purposes 2,1 - - 8,5 - - 0,2 0,3 0,4 just started exploitation 0,3 3,2 - 1,1 0,3 - - 1,1 0,9 other 0,8 6,9 12,9 1,3 0,2 0,2 0,9 7,0 -

13 Households having poultry, livestock or bees by region, in per cent

Shirvan Bakucity Nakhchivan Karabagh-Mil Ganja-Gazakh Mugan-Salyan Sheki-Zagatala Absheron-Guba Lankaran-Astara Having cows 50,3 21,3 51,9 38,4 67,8 64,0 55,5 42,1 0,6 average number of cows 1,3 1,6 3,5 1,6 1,7 1,6 1,6 2,3 1,1 Having buffaloes 1,5 - 4,5 3,2 10,6 1,2 9,3 10,6 - average number of buffaloes 1,1 - 1,4 1,2 1,1 1,2 1,2 1,6 - Having producer bulls 2,8 1,5 16,2 1,2 2,6 4,3 20,9 5,7 0,1 average number of producer bulls 1,0 1,0 1,3 1,7 1,0 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,0 Having young cattle 45,9 20,8 48,7 31,8 64,3 59,1 52,6 32,9 1,9 average number of young cattle 1,3 1,7 2,0 1,6 2,1 1,8 1,7 2,5 1,5 Having sheeps 38,7 10,4 49,5 26,3 23,9 20,6 19,0 24,7 3,1 average number of sheeps 8,4 7,4 29,2 14,0 12,8 9,1 10,5 15,5 5,6 Having goats 27,0 2,0 12,7 12,9 5,9 3,9 5,4 5,8 0,8 average number of goats 5,0 3,5 7,1 4,6 6,0 7,2 6,0 2,7 2,5 Having horses 3,4 2,3 7,8 1,1 7,2 7,9 6,4 3,7 - average number of horses 1,1 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,1 1,3 1,1 1,1 - Having donkeys 16,3 0,3 0,5 8,6 1,0 19,5 6,0 1,5 - average number of donkeys 1,1 1,0 1,0 1,3 1,3 1,1 1,0 1,0 - Having poultry 75,5 34,1 68,6 69,4 90,6 91,1 81,6 72,9 7,7 average number of poultry 8,9 14,9 16,7 17,5 16,8 17,6 26,6 26,5 19,9 Having turkey-cock 48,1 3,4 30,1 16,9 13,9 25,1 42,9 36,4 1,7 average number of turkey-cock 3,6 3,4 6,5 5,4 6,1 10,7 8,7 7,8 5,0 Having goose - duck 2,8 1,0 33,4 13,5 5,0 27,3 17,2 27,1 1,9 average number of goose - duck 2,6 6,5 9,6 6,9 4,7 9,8 8,4 11,2 5,2 Having bees 0,4 0,1 - 0,4 4,5 3,1 2,3 - - average number of bees families 4,3 10,0 - 4,9 10,6 4,9 4,3 - -

CRIME

According to information of Ministry of Internal Affairs, 15206 crimes have been committed in the country during 2003. In comparison with 1990 and 1995, the number of crimes is decreased relatively for 1.3 per cent and 23 per cent. As a whole on the country, there were 18.5 crimes per each 10000 population in 2003. At the same time in some towns and regions, this indicator had considerably exceeded the country-average. So, for instance, there were 36.7 crimes per each 10000 population in Baku city, Khizy region -31, Symgayit city - 24. This indicator made up 22-23 crimes in Ali-Bayramly, Neftchala, Khanlar, Astara, Bilasuvar, Shamkir regions; in Apsheron, Khachmaz, Gazakh, Beylagan, Masally -20-21; in Mingechevir town, Hadjikabul, Devechy, Salyan, Samukh regions -18-19.

14 In 2003, the lowest crime level was observed in Gokchay (4.6 crimes per 10000 population), Ujar (4.9), Zardab (6.6), Gadabey (6.8).

EDUCATION

The education system of the Republic of Azerbaijan has a wide net of educational institutions, which provides of each country citizen with legal right for receiving of compulsory secondary general education, as well as primary vocational, secondary and higher education in correspondence with state standards. The education system of the Republic of Azerbaijan is fixed by Education Law. It was determined the following levels of education: preschool education, primary general education, main general education, secondary general education, primary vocational education, secondary vocational education, higher vocational education, post-secondary courses. The State expenditures for education are increased each year. If in 1990, these expenditures made up only 113.3 million manat, in 2003 the state expenditures for education reached to 1174.2 milliard manat or 3.3 per cent in GDP.

Preschool education

In the base of children education lies preschool education. Preschool education is realized not only in the family, but in child preschool educational institutions. In 2003, 1777 state and 3 non-state preschool institutions were functioned in the country, which had been attended by 111 000 children. Each forth preschool institution of the country is situated in Baku city. Each third from total number of children attended preschool institutions of the country is Baku citizen. Since 1990 there were decreasing in the number of preschool institutions and number of children in them. The network of preschool institutions for this period was reduced for 18.5 per cent, and number of children in them for 38.7 per cent. Only in Baku city the number of preschool institutions was decreased for 110 units, and number of children – for 30 000 or 46 per cent. The main reasons influenced on change in activity of preschool institutions were demographic factors, economic situation of enterprise and organizations having preschool education, as well as decreasing of social needs of parents in services of these institutions. If in 1990, coverage ratio of children of age 1-5 years by preschool institutions made 21 per cent, then in 1995, it was decreased to 15 per cent. However, increasing of coverage ratio of children of age 1-5 years by preschool institutions was observed since 1995, and in 2003 it had reached 20 per cent. Decreasing of existing places capacity of state preschool institutions testifies to reduction of parents needs in preschool institutions service. If in 1990, there were 94 children per 100 places, then in 2003 - 74 children per 100 places. Preschool institutions of Samukh (36 children per 100 places), Beylagan (55 15 children), Masally (63 children), Astara (65 children) regions as well as Baku city (61 children), Ganja city (56 children) are less loaded. Preschool institutions of Aghstafa, Balakan, Gobustan, Zardab, Gazakh, Goranboy, Gakh, Lerik, Bilasuvar, Saatly, Sabirabad, Tavus, Ujar, Khizhy regions of the country are loaded for 100 per cent. From total number of preschool institutions, functioned in 2003, 1190 institutions were day nurseries-kindergartens, 549 – kindergartens, 37 - day nurseries, and 4- schools- kindergartens. From 111 000 children, educated in preschool institutions, 84 000 children attend day nurseries-kindergartens, 25000 children – kindergartens, 1349 children - day nurseries, 103 children - schools- kindergartens. The pedagogical work with children is conducted not only in official language – Azerbaijan, but in Russian and Georgian languages too. The share of children studied in Azerbaijan language made 90.7 per cent, Russian language -9.0 per cent, Georgian -0.3 per cent. Buildings of 1255 (71 per cent) preschool institutions need in capital repair and 49 (3 per cent) are in emergency situation. There is not water pipe, sewerage and central heating respectively in 649, 895 and 1270 preschool institutions.

General education

The education level of the population is increased considerably. Today, there are 762 persons with higher and completed secondary education per 1000 population of age 15 years and over. According to data of 1999 population census, the information about illiterate people of 15 years and over which concentrated mainly on elderly ages and make 1.2 per cent (i.e. literacy of population of age 15 years and over makes 98.8 per cent, of which among men – 99.5 per cent, among women -98.2 per cent) was received. At the beginning of 2003/2004 school years, 4542 state and 11 non-state day general educational schools have functioned in Azerbaijan, where 1 680 000 pupils were educated. Total number of schools was increased in comparison with 1990/1991 school years, and number of pupils in them – for 25 per cent. There are 369 pupils per state day general educational school by the country averagely. This indicator much exceeds the country-average in cities. Thus, for example there are 1205 pupils per school in Baku, 1200 pupils - in Sumgayit, 1003 - pupils in Ganja, 951 pupils - in Ali-Bayramly, 886 pupils - in Mingachevir, 700 pupils - in Naftalan. This indicator is also high in Apsheron – 941 pupils per school. In most regions this indicator is within the limits of the country-average. However, there are some regions in which this indicator is below the country- average – Dashkesan (122 pupils per school), Lerik (126), Yardimly (164), Ismayilly (185), Gakh (185), Gedabey (194). Mainly these regions are mountainous.

16 During 2003/2004 school years, 5894 enrolments with limited health (mentally and physically retarded children) were educated in specialized schools and classes (in 1990/1991 school years -5250 pupils). In comparison with 1990/1991 school years, the number of teachers of state day general schools was increased for 30 per cent and made 171000 persons in 2003/2004 school year. There are, on average by the country, 10 pupils per teacher. In some regions this indicator exceeds the country-average. This indicator made 15 pupils per teacher in Saatly region. In such regions as Bilasuvar, Jalilabad, Hadjikabul, Imishly, Sabirabad there are 14 pupils per teacher; in Apsheron, Masally, Siyazan, Yardimly -13 pupils per teacher. In some regions there are 7 pupils per teacher – Goranboy, Goychay, Khanlar, Gakh, or 8 pupils per teacher – Barda, Dashkesan, Gedabey, Oghuz, Samukh, Shamakhy, Sheki, Tartar, Tovuz, Yevlakh regions. During last years, share of enrolments educated in second and third shift of state day general educational schools is decreased. However this reduction is insignificant. If the share of enrolments educated in second and third shift had made 36 per cent in 1995/1996 school year, this indicator is decreased to 33 per cent in 2003/2004 school years (1990/1991 school years -27 per cent). In some regions this situation is worse than on average by the country. This indicator is higher than on average by the country in schools of Kelbejar (53 per cent), Khodjaly (51 per cent), Apsheron (51 per cent), Imishly (45 per cent), Jalilabad (43 per cent), Khodjevend (40 per cent), Hadjikabul (40 per cent), Bilasuvar (40 per cent), Siyazan (41 per cent) regions and Ali-Bayramly (45 per cent), Mingachevir (45 per cent) towns and Sumgayit (41 per cent), Baku (41 per cent) cities. A technical condition of buildings of day general educational schools is an actual problem. According to latest data most part of these buildings is needed in capital repair. There are some schools in emergency conditions. The equipping problem of secondary schools with computers is not yet solved. Only one third of secondary schools (in 1990 -11 per cent) had the cabinets of informatics and computer techniques. As it was indicated above, there are 11 non-state schools and 6 branches of non-state schools functioning in the country and 4228 pupils were educated in them during 2003/2004 school years. All schools and branches are functioning in the towns. Most of them (8 schools and 1 branch) are situated in Baku. Ali- Bayramly, Ganja, Mingachevir, Sumgayit, Aghdash, Guba, Lenkoran, Sheki has per school and branch.

Secondary vocational education

The secondary vocational education of the country has branched network of educational institutions, which provides of young people with access to receiving of this education type.

17 At the beginning of the 2003/2004 school years, there were 55 state and 5 non state specialized secondary educational institutions, where 54000 students were studied. In comparison with 1990/1991 school years, total number of specialized secondary educational institutions was decreased for 18 units or 23 per cent, and number of students in them – for 9 per cent. If in 90s of last century the popularity of specialized secondary educational institutions was reduced, then since this century there was observed its growth. From total number of specialized secondary educational institutions, 23 institutions (38 per cent) are located in Baku city, where each second student is studied. The rest specialized secondary educational institutions is located in different towns of the country because of its economic necessity there. Four educational institutions are located in Ganja, Sumgayit cities, Sheki region and Nakhchivan AR; two educational institutions – in Shamakhy, Shusha, Lenkoran, Aghdam regions; one educational institution – in Ali-Bayramly Mingachevir, Apsheron, Aghdash, Aghjabedy, Astara, Balakan, Gazakh, Gokchay, Guba, Sabirabad, Tavuz, Zakatala regions. Reduction of admission to secondary specialized educational institutions planned in the first half part of 90s was substituted for its increasing in 1998. According to information of the State Commission on Admission of Students there were 133 persons per 100 seats in 2003 on admission to secondary vocational educational institutions based on secondary education. It should be outlined that the number of persons who wanted to get humanitarian and medical education is higher, respectively 257 and 252 persons per 100 seats.

Boarding institutions

Annually in the country by several reasons part of children stays without parental care. The regional divisions of education are engaged in revelation of such children. During last five years annually more than thousand children without parental care are reveled. All of them during the year are placed in child institutions for state security or in families. For 2003, 1060 children under 18 years who need in accommodation in child institutions or families were reveled. Nine of ten revealed last year children were placed in families: under guardianship, care and adoption. Only each tenth was placed in several child- boarding institutions. At present there are functioning stationary boarding institutions for accommodation of children without parental care in the country – 6 state children’s homes and 2 state boarding schools for orphans and children without parental care. Three children’s homes and both of boarding schools for orphans and children without parental care are located in Baku city. There are located per one children’s home in Ganja, Sheky, Lenkoran cities. In comparison with 1990 network of children’s homes was increased for a unit and number of children on state care was increased from 397 to 750 or for 89 per cent. Network of boarding schools for orphans and children without parental care was not changed. Number of children in them compared to 1990 was not 18 changed, and compared to 1995 was decreased to 9 per cent, compared to 2000 – for 10 per cent and made 500 children in 2003. Two thirds of children of boarding schools for orphans and children without parental care and each third child of children’s home are orphans and children stayed without parental care. With the purpose of studying of conditions of children maintenance in these institutions the SSC Azerbaijan had conducted special survey on June 2003, the results of which allowed to response set of questions. The survey was conducted in all abovementioned institutions, where 368 children or more than each forth child in them were interviewed. 82 per cent of interviewed made children aged 10-15 years and approximately each second interviewed was girl. Each fifth child covered by inquiry for the moment of survey conduction lived in children’s home or boarding school for 1-3 years, approximately two thirds – 4-10 years, 9 per cent – less a year an 7 per cent – more than 10 years. At the same time a quarter of interviewed children indicated their displeasure on conditions of rooms where they live. Moreover girls (each third) were more dissatisfied with conditions of room than boys (each fifth). Main reason of dissatisfaction with conditions of rooms the children indicated their narrowness. The inquiry has shown that majority of respondents (97 %) are satisfied with daily food. The rest part is dissatisfied with less content of portions and low quality of food. All children of school age are educated in general educational schools. At that overwhelming majority of interviewed are satisfied with level of conducting of lessons. And among dissatisfied children the main reason of displeasure is lack of teaching aid. Part of children (5.4 per cent) is not satisfied with organization of recreation and entertainment activities. Main reasons of dissatisfaction with organization of recreation and entertainment activities conclude insufficient quantity of books as well as newspapers and magazines. Besides children the directors of boarding institutions were also participated in inquiry. From inquiry of directors it was revealed that half of buildings were constructed 20 years ago and they were not capitally repaired. Other half of buildings was repaired in 2002. Two boarding institutions are overloaded. There live 181 children in children’s home of Lenkoran city with capacity of 150 places and 104 children in children’s home № 3 of Baku city – with capacity of 90 places. In both of theses institutions staff units are not completely occupied: in Baku children’s home staff units of mentors and other personnel were not completed, in Lenkoran – staff units of other personnel. Financing of boarding institutions is realized at the expense of state budget. The process of support of boarding institutions by different organizations has been just begun. For seven of eight surveyed institutions the humanitarian aid was rendered in 2003 and for one in 2001. Those are mainly clothes, foodstuff and drugs. 19

Final question in the questionnaire was about how the directors imagine the improvement of the situation of children living in boarding institutions. Almost all directors consider that boarding institutions need in new equipment, domestic techniques, computers, modern furniture, heating. Capital repair is necessary for most of buildings. Thus, the results of survey showed that on opinion of majority of interviewed, mainly the material-technical base of boarding institutions should be improved and for that it is necessary to increase their financial provision.

Health care

Population health is an important indicator of government welfare and being significantly integral index it accurately reflects level of economic and social development of the country. Social defence of more vulnerable population groups in market economy conditions, such as children, remains as one of main problems of the country. In complex conditions it is solving the problem of transition of budget healthcare to model of single state system of health consisting of sectors with different property form and providing the additional financing sources, development of multi-structural medicine, creation of market of health organizations for right to serve patient. Progressive transition in realizations of treatment and prophylactic, rehabilitation and sanitation services to market economy allows fields to pass on modern medical technologies, supply healthcare objects with modern equipment, to improve quality and professionalism of medical staff. Network of health institutions of Azerbaijan is presented with 734 medical hospitals, 89 dispensaries, 1591 ambulatory-polyclinic institutions, 68 stations (divisions) of emergency, 916 antenatal clinics, children's polyclinics and ambulatories (self-supporting and belonging to other institutions), 84 sanatorium- and-spa institutions. Provision with medical staff is one of the main indicators characterizing the quality of ambulatory and polyclinic service of population. In health institutions there are employed 29.7 thousand physicians and 59.5 medium medical staff that made correspondingly 36.4 and 73.1 per 10 000 population. In comparison with 1990 number of medical institutions was increased for 3 units, and number of ambulatory and polyclinic institutions was decreased for 235 units, correspondingly it is also noted decreasing of medical staff, so the number of physicians per 10 thousand population was decreased from 38.7 to 36.4 persons, medium medical staff – from 95.8 to 73.1 persons. Number of pediatricians in 2003 made 4.3 thousand person and that per 10 000 population (aged 0-14 years) reached to 20 persons, in 1990 it made 18 persons. Beds for children (including infectious) per 10 000 children has been increased from 52 to 54 during analyzed period.

20 In 2003, 2008.4 thousand children were covered by preventive examination, the results of which showed the followings. Number of children with diminished hearing and visual acuity made 15.1 thousand or 0.8 per cent from total examined, with speech disturbances – 6.0 or 0.3 per cent, with scoliosis – 1.8 thousand or 0.1 per cent, with bearing disturbances – 4.4 thousand or 0.2 per cent. Morbidity characterizes level and extent of prevalence of all diseases together and each separately among children. Number of diseased children aged of 0-14 years with newly emerged case by types of disease, characterizes the indicator of morbidity that made in 2003 617.4 thousand person and increased compared to 2002 for 1 per cent. And level of morbidity per 10 000 population was increased from 2677.6 in 2002 to 2785.3 in 2003. More unfavorable situation with morbidity is among children in Sumgayit city, where the morbidity per 10 000 children exceeds republic average rate for 3,3 times, in Gakh region – 2,4 times, it is also noted high level of morbidity in Baku city, Sheky, Oghuz, Zagatala, Apsheron, Siyazan, Khizi and Guba regions of the country. More prevalence was among diseases of respiratory system and organs of sense as well as diseases of digestive system. Moreover analyzing the data on morbidity it is necessary to note the prevalence of diseases of respiratory system in Sumgayit city, Gakh, Apsheron, Zagatala and Khizi regions, the infectious and parasitic diseases – in Oghuz, Siyazan, Balakan, Gakh, Bilasuvar and Gusar regions, the diseases of nervous system and organs of sense – in Sumgayit, Baku, Ganja cities as well as Aghsu and Salyan regions, diseases of digestive system are also typical for Baku and Sumgayit cities. This group of morbidity is also spread in Guba, Sheky and Goranboy regions. High level of morbidity compared to 2002 was also observed in Oghuz, Goychay, Ujar, Salyan regions. Number of diseased children being in register in treatment and prophylactic institutions, for the state of reporting period characterizes the indicator of morbidity. Share of diseased per 10000 population in comparison with 2002 was increased from 1378 to 1454. Among teenagers (15-17 years) morbidity with newly emerged case during the analyzed period was increased for 1.7 per cent, and level of morbidity was a few decreased from 853.8 in 2002 to 851.8 in 2003. Level of morbidity is higher in Gobustan region (exceeds republic average level for 5.5 times), Khizi region (approximately for 4 times), Sumgayit city (for 3 times), Lenkoran region (2.8 times), Naftalan city (for 2.5 times). Diseases of respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system and organs of sense, and infectious and parasitic diseases as well as diseases of skin and subskin tissues are diseases with which teenagers are suffered more. Teenagers more suffer from diseases of respiratory system in Khizi, Gobustan regions, Naftalan, Sumgayit cities; diseases of digestive system – in Sheky, Gobustan, Dashkesen regions; diseases of nervous system and organs of sense – in Sumgayit cuty, Lenkoran, Gakh, Dashkesen and Khizi regions; 21 infectious and parasitic diseases – in Lenkoran, Astara regions, Baku, Sumgayit cities; diseases of skin and subskin tissues – in Lenkoran, region, Sumgayit city, Gabala and Gakh regions. In comparison with 2002 the significant increase was observed in Salyan region, Sumgayit city, Goychay and Guba regions. Mortality in the republic is characterized relatively with stable level: in 1999 and 2003 there were died correspondingly 42.8 thousand and 49.0 thousand person. At the same time, in the result of military aggression of Armenia that brought to numerous human sacrifices, the number of dead in 1992-1994 was significantly increased. In 1993, there were registered 52.8 thousand death cases that made 7.2 in calculation per 1000 population against 6.1 in 1990 and 6,0 in 2003. More high level of mortality in calculation per 1000 population is noted in Gusar, Gazakh, Agstafa, Gakh and Gedebey regions. As in many countries of the world the main death reasons are the diseases of circulatory system, neoplasms, respiratory system. In 2003 in the result of these diseases there were died correspondingly 345; 77; 39 persons in calculation per 100 thousand inhabitants. During last years decreasing of infant mortality is observed. In 2003 the indicator of infant mortality was decreased to 13 against 23 in 1990. In spite of general decreasing of infant mortality in the country, in Yardimly (30,2) Zardab (27,3), Agdash (23,7), Tovuz regions (22,5) it is still in adequate high level.

As before the main causes of infant mortality are diseases of respiratory system, infectious and parasitic diseases and also conditions originated in prenatal period, of which in 2003 infants were died under 1 year per 1000 births correspondingly 57.1 against 110.4; 11.4 against 49.5 and 29.4 against 35.3 in 1990.

Among children aged under 5 years mortality rate per 100 births was decreased for 1.2 times (in 2003, 19.9 per cent against 40.5 per cent – in 1990). Main causes of death among children aged under 5 years are infectious and parasitic diseases, diseases of respiratory system and congenital anomalies. In 2003 maternal mortality in calculating per 100 thousand births made 18.5 against 9 in 1990. National program on immune prophylactic continues to be successfully realized. Timely conduction of preventive activities has allowed providing decreasing of morbidity on separate infectious diseases and namely viral hepatitis, whooping-cough, diphtheria. In 1997 the President of Azerbaijan has entrusted control of infectious diseases to Health Ministry, raising the problem of national level. In the result of realization of this entrust there were conducted complex anti-epidemiological activities resulting that brought to 26-fold decreasing of morbidity with malaria in 2003 in comparison with 1996. Since 1996, there had been made no registration of cases of morbidity with poliomyelitis.

22 At the same time in 2003 sharp growth of morbidity of population with measles was recorded. Number of diseased was increased compared to 2002 for 44 per cent and made 1950 person, of which 63 per cent – children aged 0-14 years. High level of some diseases not included in immunizations schedule has brought to necessity of substitution of measles vaccine with three-component vaccine (against measles, parotiditis, and rubella) that was reached in the result of negotiations with fund of Vishnevskiy Rastrapovich. Moreover, with the assistance of Global Alliance on Vaccine and Immunization since the beginning of 2001 there are conducted inoculation activities against hepatitis B. global Alliance has also purchased refrigerating equipment, generators and hardware for elimination of medical pollutants. Activities conducted in the field of healthcare protection of mother of child that are priority trend in the field of healthcare were continued also in 2003. So, in the result of program action on “Reproductive health and planning of family” there were established 24 centers. At the same time there is implemented program “Safe maternity and child care”. In the result of implementation of present program, during recent years the indicators characterizing medical services rendered for mothers and children were significantly improved. The program “Breast feeding and nation health” is also being successfully realized. In the framework of this program 29 regional maternity hospitals are already called as “Clinic of benevolent attitudes to newborn”. On May 2003 the Parliament of the country had passed a law on “Nutrition of infants and younger children”.

23 ANNEX

Crude birth rate

35,0

30,0

25,0

20,0 Total urban 15,0 rural

10,0

5,0

0,0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Infant mortality rate

35

30

25

20 Total urban 15 rural

10

5

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

24

Causes of infant mortality rate under 1 year

250

200

150

2003 1990 100

50

0 anomalies condenital injuries accidents, diseases of diseases poisoning and poisoning under 1 year 1 under infections and infections originating in originating perinatal period perinatal parasitic diseases parasitic respiratory system respiratory conditions certain Total infant deaths infant Total

Mortality rates of children under 5 year

90 80 70 accidents, poisoning and injuries 60 condenital anomalies 50 40 diseases of respiratory system 30 infections and parasitic 20 diseases 10 Total infant deaths under 0 5 year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

25