MESSERSCHMITT BF.110

GUIDE BY CHUCK (Unit) SPITFIRE HURRICANE BLENHEIM TIGER MOTH BF.109 BF.110 JU-87B-2 JU-88 HE-111 G.50 BR.20M Mk Ia 100 oct Mk IA Rotol 100oct Mk IV DH.82 E-4 C-7 STUKA A-1 H-2 SERIE II TEMPERATURES Water Rad Min Deg C 60 60 - - 40 60 38 40 38 - - Max 115 115 100 90 95 90 95 Oil Rad (OUTBOUND) Min Deg C 40 40 40 - 40 40 30 40 35 50 50 Max 95 95 85 105 85 95 80 95 90 90 Cylinder Head Temp Min Deg C - - 100 ------140 140 Max 235 240 240 ENGINE SETTINGS Takeoff RPM RPM 3000 3000 2600 FINE 2350 2400 2400 2300 2400 2400 2520 2200 Takeoff Manifold Pressure UK: PSI +6 +6 +9 BCO ON See 1.3 1.3 1.35 1.35 1.35 890 820 BCO ON GER: ATA ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge • BLABLALBLABClimb RPM RPM 2700 2700 2400 COARSE 2100 2300 2300 2300 2300 2300 2400 2100 30 min MAX 30 min MAX 30 min MAX 30 min MAX 30 min MAX 30 min MAX 30 min MAX Climb Manifold Pressure UK: PSI +6 +6 +5 See 1.23 1.2 1.15 1.15 1.15 700 740 GER: ATA ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge Normal Operation/Cruise RPM 2700 2600 2400 COARSE 2000 2200 2200 2200 2100 2200 2100 2100 RPM Normal Operation/Cruise UK: PSI +3 +4 +3.5 See 1.15 1.15 1.1 1.1 1.10 590 670 GER: ATA Manifold Pressure ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge Combat RPM RPM 2800 2800 2400 COARSE 2100 2400 2400 2300 2300 2300 2400 2100 Combat Manifold Pressure UK: PSI +6 +6 +5 See 1.3 1.3 1.15 1.15 1.15 700 740 GER: ATA ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge 5 min MAX 5 min MAX Emergency Power/ Boost RPM 2850 2850 2600 COARSE 2350 2500 2400 2300 2400 2400 2520 2200 RPM @ km 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 1 min MAX 5 min MAX 1 min MAX 1 min MAX 1 min MAX 3 min MAX 5 min MAX

Emergency Power / Boost Manifold UK: PSI +12 BCO ON +12 BCO ON +9 BCO ON See 1.40 1.3 1.35 1.35 1.35 890 820 BCO ON GER: ATA Pressure @ Sea Level ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge 1 min MAX 5 min MAX 1 min max 1 min max 1 min max 3 min max 5 min MAX Stage 1 UK: ft ------0 0 0 - - Operation Altitude GER: M 1500 1220 1220 Supercharger Stage 2 UK: ft ------1500+ 1220+ 1220+ - - GER: M (AUTO/MAN MODES) Operation Altitude ITA: M Landing Approach RPM RPM 3000 3000 2400 As required 2300 2300 2000 2100 2300 2400 2200 Landing Approach Manifold UK: PSI As required As required As required See As required As required As required As required As required As required As required GER: ATA Pressure ITA: mm HG RPM Gauge Notes Use “Rich” mixture for normal Boost Cut-Out Min Oil Press: No Abrupt Eng. very Eng. very Boost Cut-Out operation. Use “Lean” mixture for fuel Override (BCO) 35 psi Throttling sensitive to sensitive to Override (BCO) conservation for RPM under 2600 & during takeoff Max Oil Press: ata/rpm during takeoff boost @ +1 or lower. often required 45 psi ata/rpm often required

PERFORMANCE SHEET PERFORMANCE AIRSPEEDS Takeoff – Rotation 120 120 110 55 180 190 170 185 150 170 175 Max Dive Speed UK: mph 420 390 260 160 750 620 720 675 600 410 600 Optimal Climb Speed 165 175 135 66 240 270 215 250 240 240 210 Landing – Approach GER/ITA: 160 160 140 55 200 220 170 200 200 175 2 175 km/h Landing – Touchdown 90 90 85 50 160 180 150 180 140 160 160 TABLE OF CONTENT – BF.110

• PART 1: AIRCRAFT HISTORY • PART 2: AIRCRAFT VARIANTS • PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION • PART 4: THE CONTROLS • PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT • PART 6: TAKEOFF • PART 7: LANDING • PART 8: ENGINE MANAGEMENT • PART 9: AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE • PART 10: AUTOPILOT TUTORIAL 3 PART 1: AIRCRAFT HISTORY range engine Most from powers 1930 during used developed German engine The s, arose by the fighter concentrated World were for heavy air in ( the . Jagdbomber Germany forces "Destroyer") aircraft, engaged War to fighter II of Bf . but on the in . 110 Throughout in the the major and the and ( a was or Zerstörer problem 1930 transition designs military fighter a single others s Jabo twin and the — of - - - ) . 4 PART 1: AIRCRAFT HISTORY request Wulf Flugzeugwerke original with seat, The with called request pushed The request cannon long all and the Reichsluftfahrtministerium . seven - metal by for range Kampfzerstörer Henschel called as Hermann a companies, monoplane well and new (Messerschmitt), for as an multipurpose a responded a Göring internal twin bomb (battle only that - engine, , was bay Bayerische bomb destroyer) issued . to Focke (RLM), armed Of fighter three bay the the a - - . 5 PART 1: AIRCRAFT HISTORY could that not British had The DB metal, speed, increase build Willy cope rarely been basic 600 not and several Messerschmitt’s . be A If low concealed, problem range happened French a engines found the Hurricane - wing armament prototype quickly air faced and . either Losses effort . cantilever or firepower by enough Spitfire . by the It were design was aircraft the Bf element was to . 110 only lack heavy make monoplane to unlucky was over prevailed of . . meet Messerschmitt During such up that of Britain these enough the opponents it its the could that losses RLM over Battle role of to not the be semi . After in requirements those Bf perform of specification caught omitted Britain, 110 - the monocoque came of in its Battle and the front job Focke the up Luftwaffe , of as of against . . Britain, internal a the The By - bomber Wulf guns design or the lost a Bf the by determined , . of 223 bomb 110 escort Henschel Bf end the a 110 Bf featuring Bf speed was of 110 against could 110 load enemy 1935 , s, then of far no having and the requirement modern longer the , superior equipped twin German the Arado British started fighters be Bf rudders seen . with fighter advance 110 . the to He . from modern as In battle its had would earlier was an and rivals in elite with the France, evolved fighters, suffer given campaigns day powered only RLM in fighter serious which providing 237 and the directive into . that . Replacements it 6 funds disrupted damage, simply by an weakness two the all could to to - but the PART 1: AIRCRAFT HISTORY happened the simply that advance either escort The day up started Losses these guns fighter the basic by could against the were Bf in the losses of . . problem 110 battle France, a not lack heavy Bf modern came . cope After 110 with of which faced . such , up . During only then the If fighters against a opponents disrupted by Battle Hurricane 237 the the the . . British Replacements In a of Bf Battle determined earlier . Britain, the 110 in or fighter Poland British Spitfire of was campaigns Britain, the that would enemy and and was could Bf it 110 French Norway, the unlucky could suffer not equipped that could Luftwaffe be not air weakness serious or enough found no effort perform by with longer lost the . quickly damage, It to modern had speed was 223 its be be job caught been enough seen only Bf of fighters, but . as 110 the over concealed, as that a in s, to German bomber an front having Britain and rarely make elite of it 7 PART 2: AIRCRAFT VARIANTS Notes Top Speed @ Sea Level Pressure Landing Approach Manifold Landing Approach RPM Manifold Pressure @ Sea Emergency Power / Boost RPM @ km Emergency Power/ Boost Combat Manifold Pressure Combat RPM Manifold Pressure Normal Operation/Cruise RPM Normal Operation/Cruise Climb Manifold Pressure Climb RPM Takeoff Manifold Pressure Takeoff RPM Engine & Fuel Grade RadOil (OUTBOUND) Min Water Rad Min Max Max Level GER MPH UK: GER MPH UK: mm ITA: HG GER: ATA mm ITA: HG GER: ATA UK: RPM mm ITA: HG GER: ATA UK: RPM mm ITA: HG GER: ATA UK: RPM mm ITA: HG GER: ATA UK: RPM mm ITA: HG GER: ATA PSI UK: RPM Deg Deg (Unit) - - PSI PSI PSI PSI ITA: km/h ITA: km/h ITA: C C NO MINENGSCH. NO MANUAL PITCHMANUAL B 30 min MAX 30 As required 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 5 min - 2 4 x MG17 4 x Bf.110 4 DB601 A x – 2300 2400 2400 2200 2300 2400 C 420 1.15 87 octane 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 MG FF 60 85 40 90 - 2 - 1 MANUAL PITCHMANUAL MINENGSCH. 2 x MG 2 x B 30 min MAX 30 As required 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 5 min - 4 x MG17 4 x 4 Bf.110 DB601 A – 2300 2400 2400 2200 2300 2400 C 420 1.15 87 octane 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 85 40 90 60 - 4 ENGINE SETTINGS & PROPERTIESENGINESETTINGS FF/M - 1 C TEMPERATURES - 4/N DERATED DB601 N C MINENGSCH. 2 x MG 2 x 30 min MAX As required AUTO PITCHAUTO 5 min5 MAX min5 MAX - 3 4 x MG17 4 x Bf.110 NO WEP NO – 2400 2600 2300 2400 2600 1.35 1.15 1.25 1.35 430 100 octane 105 100 - 40 60 1 DERATED - - FF/M C MINENGSCH. 2 x MG 2 x 30 min MAX As required AUTO PITCHAUTO 1 min1 MAX min1 MAX min5 MAX min5 MAX - 3 4 x MG17 4 x Bf.110 DB601 N C – 2400 2600 2600 2300 2400 2600 - 1.42 1.35 1.15 1.25 1.35 440 100 octane 105 100 40 60 4/N FF/M - 1 MANUAL PITCHMANUAL MINENGSCH. 2 x MG 2 x BOMB LOAD BOMB B 30 min MAX 30 As required 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 5 min - 4 x MG17 4 x 4 Bf.110 DB601 A – 2300 2400 2400 2200 2300 2400 C 420 1.15 87 octane 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 85 40 90 60 - 7 FF/M - 1 MINENGSCH. 2 x MG 2 x BOMB LOAD BOMB B AUTO PITCHAUTO 30 min MAX 30 C As required 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 5 min MAX 5 min - 4 x MG17 4 x 4 Bf.110 DB601 A - 7 LATE – 2300 2400 2200 2300 2400 2400 8 420 1.15 87 octane 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 85 40 90 60 FF/M - 1 PART 2: AIRCRAFT VARIANTS BF.110C BF.110C BF.110C BF.110C BF.110C BF.110C BF.110C BF.110C BF.110 Variant - - 4 2 ------7 7 4/N 4/N 4 2 LATE DERATED Fighter AutomaticBomber / FighterProp Manual Bomber Pitch/ MG / Heavy FighterAutomatic / Prop Pitch Heavy FighterAutomatic / Prop PitchMG / Heavy Fighter Characteristic / / Manual PropManual Pitch MG / PropManual Pitch MG / PropPitch BF.110C - 7 / MG / MG / FF/M (withCannons (no FF Cannons FF/M (withCannons FF/M (withCannons FF/M (withCannons FF/M (withCannons Mineng BOMB BOMB PANEL Mineng Mineng Mineng Mineng .) Mineng .) .) .) / No WEP / No .) .) .) 9 PART 2: AIRCRAFT VARIANTS BF.110C BF.110C - 7 - 2 / BF.110C - 4 10 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION CREW CREW MEMBERS DORSAL GUNNER PILOT 11 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION BF.110 C PILOT - 4 12 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION BF.110 C PILOT - 4 (SEE “ENGINE MANAGEMENT SECTION FORFUEL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT) FUEL TRANSFERSYSTEM 13 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION BF.110 C PILOT - 4 KNOB COCKPITLIGHTS COMPASS MAGNETIC 14 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION BF.110 C PILOT - 4 MANIFOLD PRESSURE (THROTTLE) SIMILAR FUNCTION TO BOOST OR (ATA) SUPERCHARGER PRESSUREGAUGE INDICATOR CANNON AMMO 12:00 = MAX 12:00= RPM INDICATORS PROPELLERPITCH RPM (U/min)RPM 15 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION COMPASS REPEATER BF.110 C PILOT SWITCH AUTOPILOT - 4 CLOCK DIMMER GUNSIGHT (KM/H) INDICATOR AIRSPEED INDICATOR & TURNBANK M/S) (VERTICAL VELOCITYIN VARIOMETER 16 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION BF.110 C PILOT - 4 BEACON SIGNAL DIRECTION HORIZONTAL SCALE: NAVIGATION SIGNAL INTENSITY VERTICAL SCALE: NAVIGATION BEACON SYSTEM INDICATOR LORENZ LANDING BLIND HORIZON ARTIFICIAL (COURSE MODEOFF) / SELECTOR AUTOPILOTMODE BOTTOMSETS KNOB: QFE ALTIMETER (KM) 17 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION CONTROL WATERRAD TEMPERATURE(DEG C) WATERRADIATOR BF.110 C PILOT - 4 4 (HR = “HINTEN RECHTS”):“HINTEN = (HRREARRESERVE4 RIGHT TANK LINKS”): REARRESERVE“HINTEN = (HLLEFT TANK3 RECHTS”): “VORN = (VRTANK MAIN 2 FRONTRIGHT LINKS”): MAIN “VORN TANKFRONT= (VLLEFT 1 : OFF (SHOWS0 L) 0 FUEL GAUGE CONTENTSSELECTOR FUEL GAUGE REAR RIGHT TANK RIGHT REAR L 260 (RESERVE): TANK LEFT REAR L 260 (RESERVE): TANKRIGHT FRONT L 375 (MAIN): TANK LEFT FRONT L 375(MAIN): CAPACITY:(TOTAL) L 1270 BOTTOM RIGHT: REAR RIGHT RESERVE TOP RIGHT: FRONT RIGHT MAIN FUEL TANK BOTTOM LEFT: REAR LEFT RESERVE FUEL TANK TOP LEFT: FRONT LEFT MAIN FUEL TANK LESSIN TANK)(LIT 90L WHEN THAN FUEL WARNINGLIGHTS CONTROL WATERRAD TEMPERATURE(DEG C) WATERRADIATOR 18 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION CONTROL PROPPITCH BF.110 C PILOT - 4 AUTOPILOTCONTROL GREEN/AUS = GEAR DOWN RED/EIN = GEAR UP GEARINDICATOR LANDING SLIP INDICATORSLIP SETTTER KNOB SETTTER DIRECTIONAL GYRO (BOTTOM BAND) AUTOPILOTDIRECTION (UPPER BAND) (UPPER DIRECTIONAL GYRO speeds abovekm/h. 240 flaps not deployat Do at abovekm/h.speeds 400 gear landing not deploy Do Warning notice: 19 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION OPERATE DOWN HAVE SYSTEMS NOTE “NEUTRAL” POSITION YOU WEAR POSITION UNDERCARRIAGE “NEUTRAL” POSITION, HOLDING BF.110 C PILOT : KEEP THREE DOWN . BOTH . IN FLAPS THE - USE 4 AND OBVIOUSLY, POSITION INSTEAD POSITION YOUR SETTINGS UNDERCARRIAGE REAL YOUR LEVER HYDRAULIC RETURN AND IS FLAPS HYDRAULIC IN LIFE, . UNDERCARRIAGE ONCE OF : IN THE UP, YOU THE (KG/CM2) HYDRAULICPRESSURE THE IN NEUTRAL THE YOU THE POWER UP LEVER WILL THE OR AND PUMPS FLAPS CORRECT DESIRED WOULD SIMPLY DOWN IN . “UP” AND YOU THE OR BY IF EIN(UP)/NEUTRAL/ AUS (DOWN) LANDING GEAR CONTROL EIN(UP)/NEUTRAL/ AUS (DOWN) FLAPS CONTROL 20 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION SETTING INDICATORSETTING ELEVATORTRIM FWD: CLOSED FWD: (ZU) AFT:(AUF) OPEN CONTROLS OILRADIATOR BF.110 C PILOT ELEVATORTRIM WHEEL - 4 MANAGEMENT” SECTION TOMANAGEMENT” KNOW HOWTO FROM TRANSFER FUELRESERVE TO TANKS. MAIN NOTE: PUMPSFUEL P2: DRAWSENGINE u P1 TANKSFUEL LEFT FROMBOTH & FUELRIGHT P2: DRAWSENGINE FROM FUEL P1: DRAWSENGINE FROM FUEL CLOSEDZU: (OFF) COCKSFUEL INDICATOR (DEG) FLAP SETTING DO NOT DO DRAW RESERVEFROMAFT FUEL TANKS. SEE “ENGINE RIGHT FRONT (MAIN) RIGHT FRONT (MAIN) LEFT TANK TANK THROTTLES MAGNETOS (USETHIS) 21 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION BF.110 C PILOT - 4 (DEGC) OILTEMPERATURE (KG/CM2) RIGHT: OILPRESSURE (KG/CM2) LEFT:FUEL PRESSURE 22 BF.110 C-7 PILOT

SALVO/SINGLE DISTRIBUTION MODE

SHORT DELAY TOGGLE FAMILIARIZATION

BOMB ARMING SWITCH BOMB ARMING LIGHT BOMB PANEL

(C-7 VARIANTS ONLY) 23 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT & COCKPIT AIRCRAFT 3: PART PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION • • • NOTES on multiplayer Any turret examine use mode “CRUISE/PARKED” Your control gunner you Your the switcher your turret gunner turret is is “flag” of will in primarily damage gun it “FIRING” . or . not . They To can to has and other take give your call just on used 2 position rotate position back control air out gunner positions the need to crew fighters the your generate . In of . to position AI position : this the double turret control or CRUISE if gun mode, you upper less and - . to click (like of In have drag and get switched other your the forward on the . your a gunner “FIRING” FIRING turret, the better words, bombardier) in back available - game . cannot you view your During position, to should “CRUISE” POSITION chat your . gunner angle Your fire slot can aircraft info pilot TURRET IN on use his in . be gunner It will the window multiplayer gun the seat, manned is not useful other cold “L_ALT+F nor will it fire is enabled move start, hand, by possible only to unless once other track 2 ” his fire . . allows you they the However, turret that targets players when start AI “FIRING” “FIRING” POSITION clicked you the . takes This the or to AI in in TURRET IN if 24 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION DORSAL GUNNER ------DORSALGUNNER CONTROLS TAKE CONTROL CONTROL TAKE OF GUN (TOGGLE INDEPENDENT MODE): GIVEGUNNER CONTROL AI: TO MANNEDCHANGE POSITION: SWITCH GUNNER/BOMBARDIER POSITION: FIRE WEAPON: LEAN TO GUNSIGHT: FIRING POSITION: CRUISE POSITION: LEFT LEFT MOUSEBUTTON CUSTOM KEY CUSTOM O CUSTOM KEY L_SHIFT_C L_ALT+F2 C 25 F10 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION CHECK RISK OF ENGINE OVERHEAT BAD AIRFLOW LESS= ENGINE, THE COOL TO HIGH GOOD DRAG, = LESS SPEEDMORE WATER RAD CLOSED BAD BAD MORE DRAG, = SPEEDLESS ENGINE THE AIRFLOW GOOD MORE= COOL TO WATER RAD OPEN THE “ENGINE MANAGEMENT” SECTION FOR RISK OFENGINE OVERHEAT BAD AIRFLOW LESS= ENGINE, THE COOL TO HIGH GOOD DRAG, LESS= SPEED MORE OIL RAD CLOSED BAD BAD MORE DRAG, = SPEEDLESS ENGINE AIRFLOW GOOD MORE = THE COOL TO OIL RAD OPEN RECOMMENDED RADIATOR SETTINGS . 26 CRITICAL COMPONENTS CONTROL FUEL TANKS CABLES

OIL RADIATOR

WATER RADIATOR

WING 7.92 mm 20 mm CANNON MACHINEGUN (2 TOTAL)

(4 TOTAL) FAMILIARIZATION

27 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT & COCKPIT AIRCRAFT 3: PART PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION A TAILNUMBER HOWTO RECOGNIZE 28 PART 3: AIRCRAFT & COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION 29 PART 4: CONTROLS toggle selectedengine (ignition) toggle ToggleFuel Cock #1 Dropordnance(bombs) toggle proptoggle pitch automation firecannons fire guns machine cockpit primary illuminationtoggle ChocksWheel DESCRIPTION all all select engines #2select engine #1select engine View of Field (allows+ Viewyou of toField zoomout) Trim controls(elevator/rudder) directional controls(ailerons, elevators, rudder)and gunsight – (allowsyouto zoomin) illumination #2 #3 #4 #3 #2 (C - 7 LATE MESSERSCHMITT BF.110 MODEL ONLY) MODEL L_SHIFT+3 L_SHIFT+2 L_SHIFT+1 Joystickhat switch axes JoystickPedal& Rudder bydefault“I” B Joystick TriggerCannon JoystickTrigger Gun MAPPEDTO (ALL VARIANTS)(ALL (CUSTOM) ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL COCKPITIN CLICKABLE ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL CLICKABLE ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL / NON IN COCKPITIN - ESSENTIAL 30 PART 4: CONTROLS close radiatorclose radiatoropen radiatoroil close oil radiatorOpen Jettisoncanopy canopy/hatchtoggle WarEmergencyPower throttle lean to DESCRIPTION mouse cursor)mouse Toggle(allows Independentyou Mode use/hide to bail out LeftRight / Toggle undercarriage (landing gear) decreasepropellerpitch increasepropeller pitch gunsight Wheel brakeWheel MESSERSCHMITT BF.110 MAPPEDTO F10 Map in AXESif pedals MAP TO KEYS INSTEAD. AXISLIKE FOR THE CUSTOM. DO NOT TOMAP ArrowDownkeyboard Up Arrowkeyboard Left Arrowkeyboard Right Arrowkeyboard Throttleaxis (ALLVARIANTS) RAF RAF A/C . ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL NOTESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL / NON - ESSENTIAL 31 PART 4: CONTROLS coursesetter Course autopilot Course autopilot Next Manned Position (Cyclesthrough crew) air View View (GiveExternal ViewTurret ControlGunner AI) to Turret Turret DESCRIPTION toggle bomb short delayshort bomb toggle bombstoggle armed selectormode bomb Autopilot right (aircraftright in turns while autopilot) Autopilot left (aircraft leftturns while autopilot) in directional gyro directional gyro coursesetter - - position #2 (dorsal#2 gunner)position (pilot) Position#1 – – Firing Firing Position PositionCruise – – decrease increase – – – – decrease increase Next Mode (Course mode or OFF) or Next(Coursemode Mode OFF) Previous(Courseor Mode – next / previous(salvo/single) MESSERSCHMITT BF.110 MAPPEDTO SEE BOMBER NUMPADBOMBER SEE NUMPADBOMBER SEE NUMPADBOMBER SEE (CUSTOM)S + L_CTRL (CUSTOM)A + L_CTRL NUMPAD(CUSTOM)* NUMPAD/ (CUSTOM) NUMPAD NUMPAD(CUSTOM)+ S A C L_ALT+2 L_ALT+1 L_ALT+F2 (CUSTOM) L_SHIFT+O O (ALLVARIANTS) - (CUSTOM) ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL / NON - ESSENTIAL 32 • Most german aircraft, unlike the majority of British and Russian planes, has a “toe brake” or “heel brake” system, which is linked to each individual wheel of your landing gear. • In order to brake, you need to hold either your left or right wheel toe brake key to steer your aircraft. Applying rudder will also help you turn tighter. • The main landing wheel brake system employs hydraulically actuated disc-type brakes. Each brake is operated by individual master brake cylinders located directly forward of the instrument panel. The brakes are selectively controlled by means of toe pedals incorporated into the rudder pedal assembly. • Be careful: your “wheel brake” command used for Differential braking aircraft will lock both your

brakes in a german plane. You can map “left/right wheel brake” axes if you have rudder pedals. PART 4: CONTROLS 4: PART

33 PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT ( OERLIKON/IKARIA OR 20 mm) MG FF/M ( 4 7 X . 92 Rheinmetall (BF mm) . 110 MG C FF - 4 /C (BF - Borsig - 7 . 110 ) MG C - 2 ) 17 34 PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT 3. 2. 1. Recommended 7 7 needed in 7 . . . 92 92 92 - game × × × 57 57 57 elsewhere , , , is S P S . . . m in m m . . . K fact K K . . . H - L’spur . Phosphor a - for duplicate Spitzgeschoss Machine ( the gelb german ) mit OR of Stahlkern 7 the . 92 mit war - Gun S × . 57 Kern, m effort . , - K USE S Standard . . , m because Hart Belt . . K . 400 L’spur - Improved AP Loadout the m (Weiss) with S . HORIZ m an AP . K - . incendiary H Standard round . was – & Rheinmetall with never VERT AP composition tungsten with used CONVERGENCE yellow on core a . fighter A ( gelb . great - Highly Borsig ) aircraft or round, white recommended . Tungsten can MG (Weiss) still 17 pierce tracers is if a you ( precious 7 armor . . want 92 Good and mm) a and for straight set expensive aiming fires AP . . However, metal that the 35 was S . m much . K . H . PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT 2. 1. Recommended However, for For very For destruction, Bf Bf effective . . 109 110 it C C - - does 4 2 round, or Variants containing C not CANNON - 7 Variants contain has (MG the 3 FF) potential times a (MG tracer Belt USE 200 m HORIZ m VERT & USE 200 400 CONVERGENCE : Sprenggranate FF/M) the composition Loadout to amount : do M - major Geschoss of L'spur HE – structual OERLIKON/IKARIA payload m m . . Zerl Zerl damage ( than ( 92 134 g HE g that AP while with round of a still self normal with piercing destruction) MG small HE FF armor round HE OR Thin . payload, . Arguably MG walled FF/M with HE the round tracer best ( 20 . round and Has mm) immense self for destruction) the MG 36 potential FF/M A . PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT 3. 2. 1. Recommended 7 7 needed in 7 . . . 92 92 92 - game × × × 57 57 57 elsewhere , , , is S P S . . . m in m m . . . K fact K K . . . H - L’spur . Phosphor a - for duplicate Spitzgeschoss Dorsal ( the gelb german ) mit OR of Stahlkern Gunner 7 the . 92 mit war S × . 57 Kern, m effort . , - K S Standard . . , m because Hart . . Machine K . L’spur - Improved AP the (Weiss) with S . m an AP - . K Gun - . incendiary H Standard round . was Belt with never AP composition tungsten with used Loadout yellow on core a . fighter A ( gelb . great Highly – ) aircraft Rheinmetall or round, white recommended . Tungsten can (Weiss) still pierce tracers is if a you - precious Borsig armor . want Good and a and for straight MG set expensive aiming fires AP 15 . . However, metal ( 7 . 92 that the mm) 37 was S . m much . K . H . PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT 20 mm MG/FF 7.92 mm MG17 7.92 mm 38 PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT 39 PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT 40 PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT will However, NOTE 2. 1. Recommended have For For : 2 x to if SC high ship use you 250 more load or altitude bombs low SC runway 500 weighs - Bomb level dive bombs, . With 782 bombing bombing 100 Loadout you kg, % are while fuel overweight : and : 2 2 2 x X 2 SC X SC x SC 500 SC 250 even 500 500 bombs bombs, GP with GP weighs BOMB, no BOMB, you fuel 1286 can at Low High still all kg . It . fly Level With doesn’t . Altitude You 4) 3) 2) 1) BOMB DROP PROCEDURE: around will Fuse, mean Dropbombs (“drop ordnance”key) delay)without delay or withbomb Select (toggle Salvoor release Single Choose mode Arm Bombs just Fuse, 55 be 14 that % very, fuel, sec you 0 VERY sec you delay can’t delay will heavy takeoff ( reach 50 and ( 50 if % your your you fuel) % are max fuel) controls overweight takeoff will weight be : sluggish it just for means SC . 250 41 that bombs you . PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT 42 PART 5: WEAPONS AND ARMAMENT 1 2 3 4) 3) 2) 1) BOMB DROP PROCEDURE: ordnance”key) Dropbombs (“drop delay)withoutor with delay bomb Select (toggle release bomb mode Salvoor Choose Single Arm Bombs 43 PART 6: TAKEOFF 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. NOTE : This operating Raise Rotation brake Gradually ( Perform direction Make Taxi 60 Wait Select Select Engine Make Switch Crack Deploy Prop If Oil Select with front Fuel 12 flying procedure deg : rad 00 to cocks the pitch for main landing throttle sure input ), sure both Engine Engine the Magnetos and C ignition! flaps a good . Fuel oil last is for Bf at throttle full runway your for at water tanks) . engines you to temperature 110 is 2300 at takeoff takeoff Contents 190 gear # # oil NOT about fine both keep roughly 2 1 C propeller (press are & - ( ( . to rad 7 km/h . L_Shift L_Shift RPM the and ( Make up water 12 . Late, engines the ( M an facing L_Shift checks . fully real : 1 00 “I” flaps Compensate Gauge . 10 while +M inch aircraft disengage - sure to rad + + is position) life by open degrees 2 2 1 yellow clear : reach + (throttle and ) ) default) start temperatures . Canopy you and 3 Selector that ) straight . ( throttle 100 - (“Clear up are repeat at panels your Automatic for procedure, least % quadrant) beginning Closed, ( ) . 1 engine Slightly engine prop!”) back steps – 40 on . VL deg Water to for the it Prop 2 torque your fuel set push has approx to front C runway 10 been to Pitch and tanks climb & the . P left and Oil . 1 simplified water 1 control U . . . are 2 main Rads This wind P ATA 2 filled rad (engine . means fuel fully column Lower in using temperature the by tank) open, sim will selecting rudder you prop forward . . pump are Full pitch pedals to facing Fine front to fuel until reach lift prop from fuel and the the engine at tail tanks small pitch least right both . is 44 PART 7: LANDING 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. aircraft to over nose intoprop a strike. careful not to overheatyour brakes or force your Tap your brakes until you come to afull stop. Be fully Stick back. Touchdown at 180 km/h in a 3 the end of the runway. Cut throttle try to and keep your nose pointed to Deploy flaps (fully down) and landing gear. pitch to full fine(12:00). Water andoil m (1500 Startyour approach at 220 km/h @ approx. 800 ft AGL). rads fully open (100 %) and setprop - point landing. 45 PART 8: ENGINE MANAGEMENT factories and unique negative Direct powered The DB 601 Daimler Messerschmitt fuel A system g's with the injection … - Benz Messerschmitt unlike 6 of more DB attaching Bf gave the being 601 110 early the was as run Bf the Luftwaffe Merlin well a by 109 cylinders German . other , By among models 1944 an organizations aircraft edge to . , others The Daimler the over engine engine crankcase . The the - . Benz DB used RAF built engines 601 . during dry during It was was cylinder were the basically World used Battle so liners, in War important an several of had improved II Britain . 1938 of 10 Record Ju these Using overload device manifolds supercharger carburetor was power for was The It roller was , 7 000 90 aircraft take to , rated since earlier 242 in equipped engines airliner the a bearing 87 which DB at kg Germany - by off liquid for - m . an Octane the 600 at and Luftwaffe ( . such 22 and Mercedes carrying a ( altitude permitted 1 23 , - DB established period , 050 cooled connector with installed 050 an , and . also 750 as between 601 with gasoline, lb automatic hp direct the . that ) ft of developed of was - a inverted Benz to . at the ) a in one 13 a payload rods on an 10 it 2 fuel unaffected a , a , 100 400 pressure ran 46 DB four minute altitude percent World's June Junkers timing and intake injection V ft 8 rpm 12 600 He this the . major of of had 8 , It - , .

111 and

by a . PART 8: ENGINE MANAGEMENT the The aneroid without operating fluid The increase increased, supercharger design Another have on ram surface was was A COMPARISON cardinal the Bf variable DB recovery corrected close nullified clutch . 110 . Bf . 601 The control As important choking until . 109 at fault cooling to A more . a speed While early engine, an result, E, meant the critical much had WITH in as of caused infinite and the it fuselage system the much Merlin to characteristics difference heavier and of the that BRITISH altitude on F more be Bf the and the number supercharger the . far as 109 the to throttles Spitfire's engines and 1000 and G of supercharger contain other more E critical was ENGINES between models (which the ingested more of ft reached, of hand, power supercharger may performance were speed back altitude more this had ram - complex the was have supercharger was the at equipped to oil was the recovery ratios after DB the was run low for "dirty" equipped been same engines delivered than which . design cooling reached faster advantage capability This altitude gained was with engine boundary the are meant power and to . of with 37 at gear at gear obtained compensate the in to . was 5 the at installed a lower % a ceiling fell that - lower avoid - height supercharger driven single driven compared layer early used off the altitudes through altitude and rapidly - over . as air stage Merlin clutch, and single supercharger for the in which - boosting with engine the . best supercharger . . Bf slippage, - air engines Had speed, this As . 110 decreased the scrubbed intake combat the the unit horsepower at Spitfire's the single could lay Bf that later so . had . The 110 engine altitude it in with along density time) was - design the be stage the unit flew 50 a slowed necessary . % supercharger continued capability . hydraulic the - on . As This one units been higher, The of the altitude cowling 47 the would which lower down . used Emil The air for an or to of .

MANAGEMENT PART 8: ENGINE ENGINE 8: PART

DB 601 N-1 48 A de-rated engine is allowed to operate at maximum power pretty much infinitely. In modern industrial facilities, many gas turbines (which are derived from aero engines) are often requested to be “de-rated” by the customer using them as a power plant. Why? Because industrial engines need to be working 24/7 at high regimes while maintaining a certain security factor (you don’t want to have the engine blow up in your face, eh?).

'De-rated' is a term the British used to denote an which had its intended maximum power level reduced (by the manufacturer) to a lower level to reduce the chance of mechanical failure. An engine would be “derated” if it was not deemed to be reliable enough at the higher power settings.

The DB 601 N-1 engine on the Bf.110C-4/N could reach a max manifold pressure of 1.42 ATA for about 5 minutes before engine failure or damage. With the Bf.110C-4/N de-rated variant, you can reach a max manifold pressure of 1.35 ATA for as long as you like.

One of the main reasons why the Bf.110C-4 received few DB 601 N-1 engines was because at the height of the , the first Bf.109F models started rolling off the assembly line and were given a much higher priority in terms of engine distribution, together with the Bf.110 D and E series. With the Friedrich coming into service, it did not make sense to retrofit the obsolete E series to the new engine configuration. The Bf.110 itself had proven its obsolescence during the Battle of Britain and was about to be discontinued in favour of the more modern Me 210 and Me 410 models. The first examples of the Me 210

were ready in 1939, but they proved to have unacceptably poor flight characteristics from serious, unanticipated design flaws. MANAGEMENT PART 8: ENGINE ENGINE 8: PART A large-scale operational testing program throughout 1941 and early 1942 did not cure the aircraft's problems. The design eventually entered limited service in 1943, but was almost immediately replaced by its successor, the Me 410, which was a further development of the Me 210, renamed so as to avoid the 210's notoriety. The failure of the Me 210's development program meant that the Luftwaffe was forced to continue fielding the outdated Bf 110, despite mounting losses.

49 During a mission, the flight lead usually calls out his engine settings once in a while for the pilots to know what settings they should use. You can read your engine settings from the 5 gauges in the cockpit or from an info window. • The RPM indicator (1) shows 1200 RPM. The manifold pressure (2) reads 0.83 ATA. The oil (3) and water (4) radiators can be approximated from the crank position or read from the info window in %. Note: 100 % = fully open • The resulting RPM is affected by both manifold pressure 1 and prop pitch (5). 12:00 Pitch is fully fine, and generates maximum RPM. Red notches • Radiator settings: indicate “d” • 65-75 % WATER / 50-60 % OIL during normal level flight (1.2 ATA) (infinite), “30 • 75-100 % WATER / 60 % OIL during shallow climb (1.2 ATA) min” and “5 • 85-100 % WATER / 85 % OIL during steep climb (Full power) min” engine • 50-100 % WATER / 40 % OIL for WEP level flight (when extending or pursued) settings. 2 • 65-75 % WATER / 50 % OIL for full throttle no WEP (extending or pursued)

• 100 % WATER / 100 % OIL during takeoff & landing 4

MANAGEMENT PART 8: ENGINE ENGINE 8: PART

(Unit) Bf.110 Bf.110 Bf.110 Bf.110 Bf.110 Bf.110 C-2 C-4 C-4/N DERATED C-4/N C-7 C-7 LATE TEMPERATURES Water Rad Min Deg C 60 60 60 60 60 60 Max 90 90 100 100 90 90 Oil Rad (OUTBOUND) Min Deg C 40 40 40 40 40 40 3 50GAUGE IS ON THE Max 85 85 105 105 85 85 ENGINE ITSELF! • I must stress the importance of understanding how “manual prop pitch” works. Many new pilots take the C-7 Late variant of the Bf.110 in the hopes that the “automatic propeller pitch control” will reduce their work load. Does it? Yes and no. • Automatic prop pitch at this stage of development was not as good as the governor systems installed on later 109 versions like the F, the G or the K variants. Auto prop pitch controls your pitch for you, but it does it in a way that preserves the engine to a point where you have a significant decrease in aircraft performance for no gain at all. Imagine your car limiting your engine regime so you don’t go over 80 km/h while on the Autobahn… wouldn’t that be frustrating? In a game where speed is life, you cannot afford to lose speed in critical phases of your mission. • But why are you telling me this, Chuck? This all seems a little overly dramatic, don’t you think? • Not in the slightest. Learn how to use the manual prop pitch from the beginning. Engine RPM is slower to respond to propeller pitch variation than, say, the RPM control in the Spitfire or the Hurricane. • While the Bf.109 is a superb climber, the Bf.110 is not because it is much heavier. In order to survive against anything (the Bf.110 is at a serious disadvantage against any british fighter) for that you need to use your prop pitch intelligently so you milk every meter of altitude you can get in order to get as high as possible as quickly as possible. The Bf.110 was best used as a bomber-killer.

• You do not have to check your prop pitch gauge. You can simply consult your RPM. Maintain it MANAGEMENT PART 8: ENGINE ENGINE 8: PART between 2200 and 2400 max. RPM is too low? Get your prop pitch finer and your RPM will go up. RPM is too high? Reduce RPM by getting your prop pitch coarser. • Experienced pilots can guess their RPM just by listening to the sound of their engine. Yep, they do it by ear. With enough practice, you can do it to.

51

MANAGEMENT PART 8: ENGINE ENGINE 8: PART

52

MANAGEMENT PART 8: ENGINE ENGINE 8: PART

An excellent video tutorial to understand prop pitch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIpZAu61OM8 53 PART 8: ENGINE MANAGEMENT THE FRONT RIGHT MAIN TANK FUEL IS BEING TRANSFERRED TO VORN LINKS (FRONT LEFT) • • • FUEL MANAGEMENT DURING NORMAL OPERATION IS TRANSFERRED TO SETS FUEL WHERE FUEL COCK # 3 Transferpumps take fuel from BOTH reartanks.reserve use auxiliary to transferfuel pumps toget from fuel reservetanks the front tothe tanks. Whenyourfront tanksis (whichof fuel indicatedout run by fuel the warning lights next toyour gauge),fuel youneed tanks.reserve Bf.110 the peculiarities the of of One that is fuel pumpstake the from fuel main front the tanks only, NOTfrom rearthe FUEL TRANSFER! EIN= ON THE FRONT RIGHT MAIN TANK FUEL IS BEING TRANSFERRED TO VORN RECHTS (FRONT RIGHT) PUMPON/OFF FUEL COCK # 4 TRANSFER NO FUEL AUS= OFF ☺  (VORN LINKS) MAINTANK. PUMPS ARE ON AND FUEL IS TRANSFERRED TO FRONT LEFT EXAMPLE:“VORN LINKS” SELECTED AND“EIN” SELECTED. 4) 3) 2) 1) PROCEDURE: Select “AUS” (OFF) to turn off fuel thetransfer pump. well and fill it uptoo. Whendesired front tank full, is you canthe select opposite tankas in desiredfront tank to know when is full. it Select “EIN” (ON) to turn on thetransfer fuel pump.Monitor levelfuel Select right or leftfront tank with Fuel Cock #3 54 PART 8: ENGINE MANAGEMENT TO FRONT FRONT LEFT TO (VORN LINKS) MAIN TANK. SELECTED. PUMPS ARE ON AND FUEL IS TRANSFERRED EXAMPLE: “VORN LINKS” SELECTED AND “EIN” • • • • • • • FUEL MANAGEMENT one. Taone. and will transferredfuel (frontbe LINKS”(ON) left) and “EIN” fromperforated the rearright tank intact tothe front left wanttanks. from reservesend fuel the to “Transfer the to Go cocks previous fuel in “VORN Pump” (as seen slide), select drain will now engines both tankSince same the (frontright),front the left tank as fast. will emptiedtwice be Youmight from the tank on cock/engine,each fuel ForTRICK: “ Yourright setP1(Right cocktodrawsshould fuel engine be engine fromleft fronttank only). Your drawsleft besetP2(Leftto engine cockshould fuel fromleft front tankonly). case, intact the In our tankfuel left is the one. youdo? Thebest isto tell solution yourengines to If yourEXAMPLE: In combat,fuel yourtanksyouof can one damaged. see Shit happens. - dah! MY SIDE MY frontright only” and “ only” – fuel fuel tank is perforatedeven worse,and fire!!!) leaking (oryoufuel see on from whatit, would HOW TO DEALA WITH PERFORATED FUEL TANK P1 U P2 U P1 P1 ” means “I take“I means ” my fuel from the tank the on ” means “I takemeans “I ” my from fuel take fuelthe from intact tank,the not damaged one BOTH main main tanks”. “ OTHER SIDE P2 ” means “I takemeans “I ” my fuel only”. . 55 PART 9: AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE uSpZROuEd https • • Touchdown Landing Approach Landing Speed OptimalClimb MaxDive Speed Rotation Takeoff fantastic Aviation performance, For revised km/h Bf DB were of This Bf It : . . is //drive 110 110 the 600 more interesting top – – – . severely C earlier 3 modelled The by . NGN engines) google variants speed resource Regiment information Team 4 c flight km/h GER/ITA: mph UK: 0 . Jumo com/open?id= consult underpowered JRNHJpYkk&authuser= is to AIRSPEEDS Fusion . could in closer notice (link In - game models 210 Operations reality, the on below) for reach B to that - 0 either powered is 2 the B the nd - about the are the due . a recorded upcoming Guards top 0 aircraft Checklist DB top currently to 180 220 270 620 190 420 Bf speed 600 a . speed 110 shortage - Composite 440 top or - patch powered . s engine of (which It of speed km/h being is 523 the . of a . 56 PART 9: AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE 57 PART 9: AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE 58 PART 9: AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE This Bf taken paid The Match you overshoot who know communication In Summary has lucky know your Death Bf there start . . 110 110 the a have is Bf is will with a 3 hits are you're one C C on by : the . always air 1 very 110 vs vs if . kill/loss some wings Spitfires - - - . the an to If speed Upsand Relative Performance Spitfire Hurricane a only Of a - was Spitfire there heavy energy air couple course, 110 presuming . height and plane There role ratio - . best If flat and forced airmanship shows price advantage, you 20 it with where on is out! used you mm does no stumble the they when german above the Judicious can area land you Bf as not have . 110 110 can you escape a where on upon have they you sound fighter C you the overcome high his can . use and a a were first) the wing, better always actually Hurricane too speed command of - chooses bomber, Spitfire . speed, good You he's sent the turn have advantage take won't much single you all has against for rate in to a to on by a a the as ground be . revisit get less Bf bandit a itself, A disadvantage (fromII./KG53 Bomber his . . Hurricane aware 109 barrel In 110 fighter another, of next fact, and . a or their attack driver On threat of roll, Bf meal you you an . squadrons its 110 and so approach . with except active have . slow But can aircraft and blow If , win can you deceleration actually all may an acceleration server, reliably firepower your see have is energy or during to decide not you ammo Schule the a a outclimb . like shot However, bomber lost turning advantage, . role to at Engage the ATAG, so supply ) when on leave the if of Battle this one, you the top most hunter where a . only you There's on heavy savor plane decide tables take of of him of with the have there . the Britain . it the Bf a Assuming fighter to on roll, (unless caution, to . reason 110 Red a moment try are play your partner may . to jockeys . squadrons The Hurricanes, he make 59 opponent this get and cause that . doesn't . losses a plane Good write sure only few you an FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE BF.110, CHECK OUT THESE YOUTUBE CHANNELS. THESE GUYS COMPLETELY UNDERSTAND HOW TO FLY THE BF.110 AND EXPLAIN IT CLEARLY AND EFFORTLESSLY. APEOFTHEYEAR Channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/Apeoftheyear/featured Tutorials: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUyEbp1iw_PrgHx7nji2ohQyhHqBPluh1 Bf.110 Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DhS9kiTPDw JG4_KARAYA Channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/JG52Karaya

Bf.110 Tutorial: PERFORMANCE

PART 9: AIRCRAFT AIRCRAFT 9: PART https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsD4bpkgTPs

60 PART 10: AUTOPILOT • elevator generally following “Course Unlike STEP 6 5 4 3 2 1 BF.110 AUTOPILOT OPERATION TABLE German Mode” trim used THE AUTOPILOTTHE AS THE PILOT CONTROL HAS BETTER OVERHIS SHIP. USING DIRECTIONALTHE GYRO IS USUALLY WAY A BETTER TO USE INCREASE/DECREASE” CONTROLS FOR SMALL COURSE CORRECTIONS. CORRECTIONS. STEER AIRCRAFT USING “DIRECTIONALTHE GYRO “AUTOPILOT OR “AUTOPILOTRIGHT” CONTROLSLEFT” FOR BIG WHEN AUTOPILOTIS ENGAGED, STEER AUTOPILOTMODE (COURSEMODE) WHEN AUTOPILOT/GYRO “AUTOPILOT OR “AUTOPILOTRIGHT” CONTROLS.LEFT” AUTOPILOT WHEN AIRCRAFT IS ALIGNED COURSEWITH ALIGN SETTER, REPEATER COMPASS (FOLLOWINDICATOR).WHITE THE ALIGN REPEATERTHE COMPASS SET A COURSE TODESIRED HEADING USING THE COURSE ON SETTER ON MAGNETICTHE COMPASS. SET/SYNCHRONIZE ACTION a given rather AIRCRAFT WITHCOURSE BY SETTER CONSULTING THE when . , In BAND WITHTHE DIRECTIONAL GYRO BAND USING THE this heading than climbing mode, DIRECTIONAL GYRO TO SAMETHE HEADING READ pure the . BANDS ARE LINED UP, You the or Bf elevator . descending 110 still auto AIRCRAFT USING THE does have - pilot input not ENGAGE DESIRED control . takes . In have this over over mode, a “Mode rudder ailerons climb REPEATER COMPASS control 22 rate ” DIRECTIONAL and AUTOPILOT autopilot GYRO is to elevator better make mode controlled your . Course . aircraft It MAGNETIC only COMPASS mode through 61 travel has is a PART 10: AUTOPILOT 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. • EXAMPLE of If we autopilot Once Left/Right” Align compass Navigate Set Align 010 want your 1 (we Directional : Autopilot AP to add “Course . are towards and go controls aligned) 10 to DG degrees band MAGNETIC go Gyro COMPASS Setter” desired . full bands . with with north, because to Magnetic are 010 Directional heading we on aligned, of will your magnetic (until Compass REPEATER COMPASS have Gyro repeater you to course band declination) follow can using compass COURSE SETTER now using setter the a magnetic DG engage . the . and setter “Autopilot repeater heading 2 course knob . DIRECTIONAL AUTOPILOT GYRO 3 4 62 About Magnetic Declination The direction in which a compass needle points is known as magnetic north. In general, this is not exactly the direction of the North Magnetic Pole (or of any other consistent location). Instead, the compass aligns itself to the local geomagnetic field, which varies in a complex manner over the Earth's surface, as well as over time. The local angular difference between magnetic north and true north is called the magnetic declination. Most map coordinate systems are based on true north, and magnetic declination is often shown on map legends so that the direction of true north can be determined from north as indicated by a compass. This is the reason why in Cliffs of Dover, the magnetic compass needs to be “adjusted” to take into account this magnetic declination of the magnetic North pole (which is actually modelled in the sim, which is pretty neat). In 1940, the magnetic declination required an adjustment of 10 degrees and 8 minutes. We

round that to 10 deg. PART 10: AUTOPILOT 10: PART

The movement of Earth's north magnetic pole across the Canadian arctic, 1831–2007.63 64