Blueberry Latent Virus: an Amalgam of the Partitiviridae and Totiviridae
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Origin, Adaptation and Evolutionary Pathways of Fungal Viruses
Virus Genes 16:1, 119±131, 1998 # 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. Manufactured in The Netherlands. Origin, Adaptation and Evolutionary Pathways of Fungal Viruses SAID A. GHABRIAL Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Abstract. Fungal viruses or mycoviruses are widespread in fungi and are believed to be of ancient origin. They have evolved in concert with their hosts and are usually associated with symptomless infections. Mycoviruses are transmitted intracellularly during cell division, sporogenesis and cell fusion, and they lack an extracellular phase to their life cycles. Their natural host ranges are limited to individuals within the same or closely related vegetative compatibility groups. Typically, fungal viruses are isometric particles 25±50 nm in diameter, and possess dsRNA genomes. The best characterized of these belong to the family Totiviridae whose members have simple undivided dsRNA genomes comprised of a coat protein (CP) gene and an RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) gene. A recently characterized totivirus infecting a ®lamentous fungus was found to be more closely related to protozoan totiviruses than to yeast totiviruses suggesting these viruses existed prior to the divergence of fungi and protozoa. Although the dsRNA viruses at large are polyphyletic, based on RDRP sequence comparisons, the totiviruses are monophyletic. The theory of a cellular self-replicating mRNA as the origin of totiviruses is attractive because of their apparent ancient origin, the close relationships among their RDRPs, genome simplicity and the ability to use host proteins ef®ciently. Mycoviruses with bipartite genomes ( partitiviruses), like the totiviruses, have simple genomes, but the CP and RDRP genes are on separate dsRNA segments. -
(LRV1) Pathogenicity Factor
Antiviral screening identifies adenosine analogs PNAS PLUS targeting the endogenous dsRNA Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) pathogenicity factor F. Matthew Kuhlmanna,b, John I. Robinsona, Gregory R. Bluemlingc, Catherine Ronetd, Nicolas Faseld, and Stephen M. Beverleya,1 aDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110; bDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110; cEmory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329; and dDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland Contributed by Stephen M. Beverley, December 19, 2016 (sent for review November 21, 2016; reviewed by Buddy Ullman and C. C. Wang) + + The endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus Leishmaniavirus macrophages infected in vitro with LRV1 L. guyanensis or LRV2 (LRV1) has been implicated as a pathogenicity factor for leishmaniasis Leishmania aethiopica release higher levels of cytokines, which are in rodent models and human disease, and associated with drug-treat- dependent on Toll-like receptor 3 (7, 10). Recently, methods for ment failures in Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania guyanensis systematically eliminating LRV1 by RNA interference have been − infections. Thus, methods targeting LRV1 could have therapeutic ben- developed, enabling the generation of isogenic LRV1 lines and efit. Here we screened a panel of antivirals for parasite and LRV1 allowing the extension of the LRV1-dependent virulence paradigm inhibition, focusing on nucleoside analogs to capitalize on the highly to L. braziliensis (12). active salvage pathways of Leishmania, which are purine auxo- A key question is the relevancy of the studies carried out in trophs. -
Epidemiology of White Spot Syndrome Virus in the Daggerblade Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes Pugio) and the Gulf Sand Fiddler Crab (Uca Panacea)
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Fall 12-2016 Epidemiology of White Spot Syndrome Virus in the Daggerblade Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and the Gulf Sand Fiddler Crab (Uca panacea) Muhammad University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Animal Diseases Commons, Disease Modeling Commons, Epidemiology Commons, Virology Commons, and the Virus Diseases Commons Recommended Citation Muhammad, "Epidemiology of White Spot Syndrome Virus in the Daggerblade Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and the Gulf Sand Fiddler Crab (Uca panacea)" (2016). Dissertations. 895. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/895 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS IN THE DAGGERBLADE GRASS SHRIMP (PALAEMONETES PUGIO) AND THE GULF SAND FIDDLER CRAB (UCA PANACEA) by Muhammad A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School and the School of Ocean Science and Technology at The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: ________________________________________________ Dr. Jeffrey M. Lotz, Committee Chair Professor, Ocean Science and Technology ________________________________________________ Dr. Darrell J. Grimes, Committee Member Professor, Ocean Science and Technology ________________________________________________ Dr. Wei Wu, Committee Member Associate Professor, Ocean Science and Technology ________________________________________________ Dr. Reginald B. Blaylock, Committee Member Associate Research Professor, Ocean Science and Technology ________________________________________________ Dr. Karen S. Coats Dean of the Graduate School December 2016 COPYRIGHT BY Muhammad* 2016 Published by the Graduate School *U.S. -
Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses
viruses Article Comparative Molecular Characterization of Novel and Known Piscine Toti-Like Viruses Liv Sandlund 1, Sunil K. Mor 2 , Vikash K. Singh 2, Soumesh K. Padhi 3 , Nicholas B. D. Phelps 3 , Stian Nylund 1 and Aase B. Mikalsen 4,* 1 Pharmaq Analytiq, 5008 Bergen, Norway; [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (S.N.) 2 Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-6074, USA; [email protected] (S.K.M.); [email protected] (V.K.S.) 3 Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108-6074, USA; [email protected] (S.K.P.); [email protected] (N.B.D.P.) 4 Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Totiviridae is a virus family well known to infect uni-cellular organisms like fungi and protozoa. In more recent years, viruses characterized as toti-like viruses, have been found in pri- marily arthropods, but also a couple in planarians and piscine species. These toti-like viruses share phylogenetic similarities to totiviruses; however, their genomes also includes additional coding 0 0 sequences in either 5 or 3 ends expected to relate to more advanced infection mechanisms in more advanced hosts. Here, we applied next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and discovered Citation: Sandlund, L.; Mor, S.K.; three new toti-like viruses, one in wild common carp and one in bluegill from the USA and one Singh, V.K.; Padhi, S.K.; Phelps, in farmed lumpsucker from Norway. -
Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris Spelaea)
viruses Article Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris spelaea) Ian H Mendenhall 1,* , Dolyce Low Hong Wen 1,2, Jayanthi Jayakumar 1, Vithiagaran Gunalan 3, Linfa Wang 1 , Sebastian Mauer-Stroh 3,4 , Yvonne C.F. Su 1 and Gavin J.D. Smith 1,5,6 1 Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; [email protected] (D.L.H.W.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (Y.C.F.S.) [email protected] (G.J.D.S.) 2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore 3 Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138671, Singapore; [email protected] (V.G.); [email protected] (S.M.-S.) 4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore 5 SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 168753, Singapore 6 Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 January 2019; Accepted: 7 March 2019; Published: 12 March 2019 Abstract: Bats are unique mammals, exhibit distinctive life history traits and have unique immunological approaches to suppression of viral diseases upon infection. High-throughput next-generation sequencing has been used in characterizing the virome of different bat species. The cave nectar bat, Eonycteris spelaea, has a broad geographical range across Southeast Asia, India and southern China, however, little is known about their involvement in virus transmission. -
Host-Virus Interactions in the Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus Vannamei Duan Sriyotee Loy Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2014 Host-virus interactions in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei Duan Sriyotee Loy Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Virology Commons Recommended Citation Loy, Duan Sriyotee, "Host-virus interactions in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 13777. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/13777 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Host-virus interactions in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei by Duan Sriyotee Loy A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Veterinary Microbiology Program of Study Committee: Lyric Bartholomay, Co-Major Professor Bradley Blitvich, Co-Major Professor D.L. Hank Harris Cathy Miller Michael Kimber Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2014 Copyright © Duan Sriyotee Loy, 2014. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION...…………………………………………...1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………1 Dissertation Organization…………………………………………………………………………3 -
Virus World As an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements
Virus World as an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements Koonin, E. V., & Dolja, V. V. (2014). Virus World as an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 78(2), 278-303. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00049-13 10.1128/MMBR.00049-13 American Society for Microbiology Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Virus World as an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements Eugene V. Koonin,a Valerian V. Doljab National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USAa; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USAb Downloaded from SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................278 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................278 PREVALENCE OF REPLICATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS COMPARED TO CAPSID PROTEINS AMONG VIRUS HALLMARK GENES.......................279 CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES BY REPLICATION-EXPRESSION STRATEGY: TYPICAL VIRUSES AND CAPSIDLESS FORMS ................................279 EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VIRUSES AND CAPSIDLESS VIRUS-LIKE GENETIC ELEMENTS ..............................................280 Capsidless Derivatives of Positive-Strand RNA Viruses....................................................................................................280 -
High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage
Edinburgh Research Explorer High variety of known and new RNA and DNA viruses of diverse origins in untreated sewage Citation for published version: Ng, TF, Marine, R, Wang, C, Simmonds, P, Kapusinszky, B, Bodhidatta, L, Oderinde, BS, Wommack, KE & Delwart, E 2012, 'High variety of known and new RNA and DNA viruses of diverse origins in untreated sewage', Journal of Virology, vol. 86, no. 22, pp. 12161-12175. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00869-12 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1128/jvi.00869-12 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Journal of Virology Publisher Rights Statement: Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage Terry Fei Fan Ng,a,b Rachel Marine,c Chunlin Wang,d Peter Simmonds,e Beatrix Kapusinszky,a,b Ladaporn Bodhidatta,f Bamidele Soji Oderinde,g K. -
Yellow Head Virus: Transmission and Genome Analyses
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Fall 12-2008 Yellow Head Virus: Transmission and Genome Analyses Hongwei Ma University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Biology Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Ma, Hongwei, "Yellow Head Virus: Transmission and Genome Analyses" (2008). Dissertations. 1149. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/1149 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi YELLOW HEAD VIRUS: TRANSMISSION AND GENOME ANALYSES by Hongwei Ma Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2008 COPYRIGHT BY HONGWEI MA 2008 The University of Southern Mississippi YELLOW HEAD VIRUS: TRANSMISSION AND GENOME ANALYSES by Hongwei Ma A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: December 2008 ABSTRACT YELLOW HEAD VIRUS: TRANSMISSION AND GENOME ANALYSES by I Iongwei Ma December 2008 Yellow head virus (YHV) is an important pathogen to shrimp aquaculture. Among 13 species of naturally YHV-negative crustaceans in the Mississippi coastal area, the daggerblade grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, and the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, were tested for potential reservoir and carrier hosts of YHV using PCR and real time PCR. -
A Second Double-Stranded RNA Virus from Yeast Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector
VIROLOGY 216, 451–454 (1996) ARTICLE NO. 0083 SHORT COMMUNICATION View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE A Second Double-Stranded RNA Virus from Yeast provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector CHUNG-MO PARK, JOHN D. LOPINSKI, JENNY MASUDA, TZY-HWA TZENG, and JEREMY A. BRUENN1 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260 Received October 13, 1995; accepted December 22, 1995 Two double-stranded RNA viruses exist as permanent persistent infections of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: ScVL1 and ScVLa. Both belong to the Totiviridae, which include a number of fungal and protozoan double-stranded RNA viruses. Although ScVL1 and ScVLa share the same genomic organization and mode of expression and coexist in the same cells, they show no evidence of recombination: with one limited exception, sequence conservation is detectable only in regions conserved in all totiviruses. Both have two open reading frames on their single essential RNAs: cap (encoding a capsid polypeptide) and pol (encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase). The ScVLa virus, like ScVL1, appears to express its Pol domain by a 01 translational frameshift. q 1996 Academic Press, Inc. We have shown that a group of double-stranded RNA both strands is complete, except for the very small re- (dsRNA) viruses of lower eucaryotes are more closely gions at the ends which were determined by RNA se- related to each other than they are to any other viruses quencing. All overlapping regions of independently iso- (1). These are members of the Totiviridae, which have a lated clones were identical in sequence. -
First Insight Into the Viral Community of the Cnidarian Model Metaorganism Aiptasia Using RNA-Seq Data
First insight into the viral community of the cnidarian model metaorganism Aiptasia using RNA-Seq data Jan D. Brüwer and Christian R. Voolstra Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Makkah, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT Current research posits that all multicellular organisms live in symbioses with asso- ciated microorganisms and form so-called metaorganisms or holobionts. Cnidarian metaorganisms are of specific interest given that stony corals provide the foundation of the globally threatened coral reef ecosystems. To gain first insight into viruses associated with the coral model system Aiptasia (sensu Exaiptasia pallida), we analyzed an existing RNA-Seq dataset of aposymbiotic, partially populated, and fully symbiotic Aiptasia CC7 anemones with Symbiodinium. Our approach included the selective removal of anemone host and algal endosymbiont sequences and subsequent microbial sequence annotation. Of a total of 297 million raw sequence reads, 8.6 million (∼3%) remained after host and endosymbiont sequence removal. Of these, 3,293 sequences could be assigned as of viral origin. Taxonomic annotation of these sequences suggests that Aiptasia is associated with a diverse viral community, comprising 116 viral taxa covering 40 families. The viral assemblage was dominated by viruses from the families Herpesviridae (12.00%), Partitiviridae (9.93%), and Picornaviridae (9.87%). Despite an overall stable viral assemblage, we found that some viral taxa exhibited significant changes in their relative abundance when Aiptasia engaged in a symbiotic relationship with Symbiodinium. Elucidation of viral taxa consistently present across all conditions revealed a core virome of 15 viral taxa from 11 viral families, encompassing many viruses previously reported as members of coral viromes. -
Single Mosquito Metatranscriptomics Identifies Vectors, Emerging Pathogens and Reservoirs in One Assay
TOOLS AND RESOURCES Single mosquito metatranscriptomics identifies vectors, emerging pathogens and reservoirs in one assay Joshua Batson1†, Gytis Dudas2†, Eric Haas-Stapleton3†, Amy L Kistler1†*, Lucy M Li1†, Phoenix Logan1†, Kalani Ratnasiri4†, Hanna Retallack5† 1Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States; 2Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden; 3Alameda County Mosquito Abatement District, Hayward, United States; 4Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States; 5Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Abstract Mosquitoes are major infectious disease-carrying vectors. Assessment of current and future risks associated with the mosquito population requires knowledge of the full repertoire of pathogens they carry, including novel viruses, as well as their blood meal sources. Unbiased metatranscriptomic sequencing of individual mosquitoes offers a straightforward, rapid, and quantitative means to acquire this information. Here, we profile 148 diverse wild-caught mosquitoes collected in California and detect sequences from eukaryotes, prokaryotes, 24 known and 46 novel viral species. Importantly, sequencing individuals greatly enhanced the value of the biological information obtained. It allowed us to (a) speciate host mosquito, (b) compute the prevalence of each microbe and recognize a high frequency of viral co-infections, (c) associate animal pathogens with specific blood meal sources, and (d) apply simple co-occurrence methods to recover previously undetected components of highly prevalent segmented viruses. In the context *For correspondence: of emerging diseases, where knowledge about vectors, pathogens, and reservoirs is lacking, the [email protected] approaches described here can provide actionable information for public health surveillance and †These authors contributed intervention decisions.