First Insight Into the Viral Community of the Cnidarian Model Metaorganism Aiptasia Using RNA-Seq Data
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Identification of Capsid/Coat Related Protein Folds and Their Utility for Virus Classification
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 10 March 2017 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00380 Identification of Capsid/Coat Related Protein Folds and Their Utility for Virus Classification Arshan Nasir 1, 2 and Gustavo Caetano-Anollés 1* 1 Department of Crop Sciences, Evolutionary Bioinformatics Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, 2 Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan The viral supergroup includes the entire collection of known and unknown viruses that roam our planet and infect life forms. The supergroup is remarkably diverse both in its genetics and morphology and has historically remained difficult to study and classify. The accumulation of protein structure data in the past few years now provides an excellent opportunity to re-examine the classification and evolution of viruses. Here we scan completely sequenced viral proteomes from all genome types and identify protein folds involved in the formation of viral capsids and virion architectures. Viruses encoding similar capsid/coat related folds were pooled into lineages, after benchmarking against published literature. Remarkably, the in silico exercise reproduced all previously described members of known structure-based viral lineages, along with several proposals for new Edited by: additions, suggesting it could be a useful supplement to experimental approaches and Ricardo Flores, to aid qualitative assessment of viral diversity in metagenome samples. Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain Keywords: capsid, virion, protein structure, virus taxonomy, SCOP, fold superfamily Reviewed by: Mario A. Fares, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones INTRODUCTION Científicas(CSIC), Spain Janne J. Ravantti, The last few years have dramatically increased our knowledge about viral systematics and University of Helsinki, Finland evolution. -
UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works
UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title Viral RNAs are unusually compact. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b40r0rp Journal PloS one, 9(9) ISSN 1932-6203 Authors Gopal, Ajaykumar Egecioglu, Defne E Yoffe, Aron M et al. Publication Date 2014 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0105875 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Viral RNAs Are Unusually Compact Ajaykumar Gopal1, Defne E. Egecioglu1, Aron M. Yoffe1, Avinoam Ben-Shaul2, Ayala L. N. Rao3, Charles M. Knobler1, William M. Gelbart1* 1 Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, 2 Institute of Chemistry & The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel, 3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America Abstract A majority of viruses are composed of long single-stranded genomic RNA molecules encapsulated by protein shells with diameters of just a few tens of nanometers. We examine the extent to which these viral RNAs have evolved to be physically compact molecules to facilitate encapsulation. Measurements of equal-length viral, non-viral, coding and non-coding RNAs show viral RNAs to have among the smallest sizes in solution, i.e., the highest gel-electrophoretic mobilities and the smallest hydrodynamic radii. Using graph-theoretical analyses we demonstrate that their sizes correlate with the compactness of branching patterns in predicted secondary structure ensembles. The density of branching is determined by the number and relative positions of 3-helix junctions, and is highly sensitive to the presence of rare higher-order junctions with 4 or more helices. -
Virus Particle Structures
Virus Particle Structures Virus Particle Structures Palmenberg, A.C. and Sgro, J.-Y. COLOR PLATE LEGENDS These color plates depict the relative sizes and comparative virion structures of multiple types of viruses. The renderings are based on data from published atomic coordinates as determined by X-ray crystallography. The international online repository for 3D coordinates is the Protein Databank (www.rcsb.org/pdb/), maintained by the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB). The VIPER web site (mmtsb.scripps.edu/viper), maintains a parallel collection of PDB coordinates for icosahedral viruses and additionally offers a version of each data file permuted into the same relative 3D orientation (Reddy, V., Natarajan, P., Okerberg, B., Li, K., Damodaran, K., Morton, R., Brooks, C. and Johnson, J. (2001). J. Virol., 75, 11943-11947). VIPER also contains an excellent repository of instructional materials pertaining to icosahedral symmetry and viral structures. All images presented here, except for the filamentous viruses, used the standard VIPER orientation along the icosahedral 2-fold axis. With the exception of Plate 3 as described below, these images were generated from their atomic coordinates using a novel radial depth-cue colorization technique and the program Rasmol (Sayle, R.A., Milner-White, E.J. (1995). RASMOL: biomolecular graphics for all. Trends Biochem Sci., 20, 374-376). First, the Temperature Factor column for every atom in a PDB coordinate file was edited to record a measure of the radial distance from the virion center. The files were rendered using the Rasmol spacefill menu, with specular and shadow options according to the Van de Waals radius of each atom. -
Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates in Juices and Their Inactivation Using Novel Methods
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2011 Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates In Juices and their Inactivation Using Novel Methods Katie Marie Horm [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Recommended Citation Horm, Katie Marie, "Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates In Juices and their Inactivation Using Novel Methods. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/882 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Katie Marie Horm entitled "Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates In Juices and their Inactivation Using Novel Methods." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Food Science and Technology. Doris H. D'Souza, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Federico M. Harte, Gina M. Pighetti Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Survival of Human Norovirus Surrogates In Juices and their Inactivation Using Novel Methods A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Katie Marie Horm May 2011 Acknowledgments I would like to think my major professor/advisor Dr. -
Blueberry Latent Virus: an Amalgam of the Partitiviridae and Totiviridae
Virus Research 155 (2011) 175–180 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Virus Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/virusres Blueberry latent virus: An amalgam of the Partitiviridae and Totiviridae Robert R. Martin a,b,∗, Jing Zhou c,d, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis c,d,∗∗ a Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA b Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA c Department of Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA d Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA article info abstract Article history: A new, symptomless virus was identified in blueberry. The dsRNA genome of the virus, provisionally Received 30 June 2010 named Blueberry latent virus (BBLV), codes for two putative proteins, one without any similarities to Received in revised form 20 August 2010 virus proteins and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. More than 35 isolates of the virus from different Accepted 21 September 2010 cultivars and geographic regions were partially or completely sequenced. BBLV, found in more than 50% Available online 1 October 2010 of the material tested, has high degree of homogeneity as isolates show more than 99% nucleotide identity between them. Phylogenetic analysis clearly shows a close relationship between BBLV and members of Keywords: the Partitiviridae, although its genome organization is related more closely to members of the Totiviridae. Partitiviridae Totiviridae Transmission studies from three separate crosses showed that the virus is transmitted very efficiently by Amalgamaviridae seed. These properties suggest that BBLV belongs to a new family of plant viruses with unique genome dsRNA organization for a plant virus but signature properties of cryptic viruses including symptomless infection Detection and very efficient vertical transmission. -
The LUCA and Its Complex Virome in Another Recent Synthesis, We Examined the Origins of the Replication and Structural Mart Krupovic , Valerian V
PERSPECTIVES archaea that form several distinct, seemingly unrelated groups16–18. The LUCA and its complex virome In another recent synthesis, we examined the origins of the replication and structural Mart Krupovic , Valerian V. Dolja and Eugene V. Koonin modules of viruses and posited a ‘chimeric’ scenario of virus evolution19. Under this Abstract | The last universal cellular ancestor (LUCA) is the most recent population model, the replication machineries of each of of organisms from which all cellular life on Earth descends. The reconstruction of the four realms derive from the primordial the genome and phenotype of the LUCA is a major challenge in evolutionary pool of genetic elements, whereas the major biology. Given that all life forms are associated with viruses and/or other mobile virion structural proteins were acquired genetic elements, there is no doubt that the LUCA was a host to viruses. Here, by from cellular hosts at different stages of evolution giving rise to bona fide viruses. projecting back in time using the extant distribution of viruses across the two In this Perspective article, we combine primary domains of life, bacteria and archaea, and tracing the evolutionary this recent work with observations on the histories of some key virus genes, we attempt a reconstruction of the LUCA virome. host ranges of viruses in each of the four Even a conservative version of this reconstruction suggests a remarkably complex realms, along with deeper reconstructions virome that already included the main groups of extant viruses of bacteria and of virus evolution, to tentatively infer archaea. We further present evidence of extensive virus evolution antedating the the composition of the virome of the last universal cellular ancestor (LUCA; also LUCA. -
Characterizing and Evaluating the Zoonotic Potential of Novel Viruses Discovered in Vampire Bats
viruses Article Characterizing and Evaluating the Zoonotic Potential of Novel Viruses Discovered in Vampire Bats Laura M. Bergner 1,2,* , Nardus Mollentze 1,2 , Richard J. Orton 2 , Carlos Tello 3,4, Alice Broos 2, Roman Biek 1 and Daniel G. Streicker 1,2 1 Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; [email protected] (N.M.); [email protected] (R.B.); [email protected] (D.G.S.) 2 MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; [email protected] (R.J.O.); [email protected] (A.B.) 3 Association for the Conservation and Development of Natural Resources, Lima 15037, Peru; [email protected] 4 Yunkawasi, Lima 15049, Peru * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The contemporary surge in metagenomic sequencing has transformed knowledge of viral diversity in wildlife. However, evaluating which newly discovered viruses pose sufficient risk of infecting humans to merit detailed laboratory characterization and surveillance remains largely speculative. Machine learning algorithms have been developed to address this imbalance by ranking the relative likelihood of human infection based on viral genome sequences, but are not yet routinely Citation: Bergner, L.M.; Mollentze, applied to viruses at the time of their discovery. Here, we characterized viral genomes detected N.; Orton, R.J.; Tello, C.; Broos, A.; through metagenomic sequencing of feces and saliva from common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) Biek, R.; Streicker, D.G. and used these data as a case study in evaluating zoonotic potential using molecular sequencing Characterizing and Evaluating the data. -
The Viruses of Wild Pigeon Droppings
The Viruses of Wild Pigeon Droppings Tung Gia Phan1,2, Nguyen Phung Vo1,3,A´ kos Boros4,Pe´ter Pankovics4,Ga´bor Reuter4, Olive T. W. Li6, Chunling Wang5, Xutao Deng1, Leo L. M. Poon6, Eric Delwart1,2* 1 Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 3 Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, 4 Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, A´ NTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pe´cs, Hungary, 5 Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, California, United States of America, 6 Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Abstract Birds are frequent sources of emerging human infectious diseases. Viral particles were enriched from the feces of 51 wild urban pigeons (Columba livia) from Hong Kong and Hungary, their nucleic acids randomly amplified and then sequenced. We identified sequences from known and novel species from the viral families Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Adenovirus, Astroviridae, and Caliciviridae (listed in decreasing number of reads), as well as plant and insect viruses likely originating from consumed food. The near full genome of a new species of a proposed parvovirus genus provisionally called Aviparvovirus contained an unusually long middle ORF showing weak similarity to an ORF of unknown function from a fowl adenovirus. Picornaviruses found in both Asia and Europe that are distantly related to the turkey megrivirus and contained a highly divergent 2A1 region were named mesiviruses. -
Virus–Host Interactions and Their Roles in Coral Reef Health and Disease
!"#$"%& Virus–host interactions and their roles in coral reef health and disease Rebecca Vega Thurber1, Jérôme P. Payet1,2, Andrew R. Thurber1,2 and Adrienne M. S. Correa3 !"#$%&'$()(*+%&,(%--.#(+''/%!01(1/$%0-1$23++%(#4&,,+5(5&$-%#6('+1#$0$/$-("0+708-%#0$9(&17( 3%+7/'$080$9(4+$#3+$#6(&17(&%-($4%-&$-1-7("9(&1$4%+3+:-10'(70#$/%"&1'-;(<40#(=-80-5(3%+807-#( &1(01$%+7/'$0+1($+('+%&,(%--.(80%+,+:9(&17(->34�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cycling. Last, we outline how marine viruses are an integral part of the reef system and suggest $4&$($4-(01.,/-1'-(+.(80%/#-#(+1(%--.(./1'$0+1(0#(&1(-##-1$0&,('+>3+1-1$(+.($4-#-(:,+"&,,9( 0>3+%$&1$(-180%+1>-1$#; To p - d ow n e f f e c t s Viruses infect all cellular life, including bacteria and evidence that macroorganisms play important parts in The ecological concept that eukaryotes, and contain ~200 megatonnes of carbon the dynamics of viroplankton; for example, sponges can organismal growth and globally1 — thus, they are integral parts of marine eco- filter and consume viruses6,7. -
Computational Exploration of Virus Diversity on Transcriptomic Datasets
Computational Exploration of Virus Diversity on Transcriptomic Datasets Digitaler Anhang der Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt von Simon Käfer aus Andernach Bonn 2019 Table of Contents 1 Table of Contents 1 Preliminary Work - Phylogenetic Tree Reconstruction 3 1.1 Non-segmented RNA Viruses ........................... 3 1.2 Segmented RNA Viruses ............................. 4 1.3 Flavivirus-like Superfamily ............................ 5 1.4 Picornavirus-like Viruses ............................. 6 1.5 Togavirus-like Superfamily ............................ 7 1.6 Nidovirales-like Viruses .............................. 8 2 TRAVIS - True Positive Details 9 2.1 INSnfrTABRAAPEI-14 .............................. 9 2.2 INSnfrTADRAAPEI-16 .............................. 10 2.3 INSnfrTAIRAAPEI-21 ............................... 11 2.4 INSnfrTAORAAPEI-35 .............................. 13 2.5 INSnfrTATRAAPEI-43 .............................. 14 2.6 INSnfrTBERAAPEI-19 .............................. 15 2.7 INSytvTABRAAPEI-11 .............................. 16 2.8 INSytvTALRAAPEI-35 .............................. 17 2.9 INSytvTBORAAPEI-47 .............................. 18 2.10 INSswpTBBRAAPEI-21 .............................. 19 2.11 INSeqtTAHRAAPEI-88 .............................. 20 2.12 INShkeTCLRAAPEI-44 .............................. 22 2.13 INSeqtTBNRAAPEI-11 .............................. 23 2.14 INSeqtTCJRAAPEI-20 -
Characterization of P1 Leader Proteases of the Potyviridae Family
Characterization of P1 leader proteases of the Potyviridae family and identification of the host factors involved in their proteolytic activity during viral infection Hongying Shan Ph.D. Dissertation Madrid 2018 UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Biología Molecular Characterization of P1 leader proteases of the Potyviridae family and identification of the host factors involved in their proteolytic activity during viral infection Hongying Shan This thesis is performed in Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas of Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC) under the supervision of Dr. Juan Antonio García and Dr. Bernardo Rodamilans Ramos Madrid 2018 Acknowledgements First of all, I want to express my appreciation to thesis supervisors Bernardo Rodamilans and Juan Antonio García, who gave the dedicated guidance to this thesis. I also want to say thanks to Carmen Simón-Mateo, Fabio Pasin, Raquel Piqueras, Beatriz García, Mingmin, Zhengnan, Wenli, Linlin, Ruiqiang, Runhong and Yuwei, who helped me and provided interesting suggestions for the thesis as well as technical support. Thanks to the people in the greenhouse (Tomás Heras, Alejandro Barrasa and Esperanza Parrilla), in vitro plant culture facility (María Luisa Peinado and Beatriz Casal), advanced light microscopy (Sylvia Gutiérrez and Ana Oña), photography service (Inés Poveda) and proteomics facility (Sergio Ciordia and María Carmen Mena). Thanks a lot to all the assistance from lab313 colleagues. Thanks a lot to the whole CNB. Thanks a lot to the Chinese Scholarship Council. Thanks a lot to all my friends. Thanks a lot to my family. Madrid 20/03/2018 Index I CONTENTS Abbreviations………………………………………….……………………….……...VII Viruses cited…………………………………………………………………..……...XIII Summary…………………………………………………………………...….…….XVII Resumen…………………………………………………………......…...…………..XXI I. -
Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris Spelaea)
viruses Article Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris spelaea) Ian H Mendenhall 1,* , Dolyce Low Hong Wen 1,2, Jayanthi Jayakumar 1, Vithiagaran Gunalan 3, Linfa Wang 1 , Sebastian Mauer-Stroh 3,4 , Yvonne C.F. Su 1 and Gavin J.D. Smith 1,5,6 1 Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; [email protected] (D.L.H.W.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (Y.C.F.S.) [email protected] (G.J.D.S.) 2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore 3 Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138671, Singapore; [email protected] (V.G.); [email protected] (S.M.-S.) 4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore 5 SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 168753, Singapore 6 Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 January 2019; Accepted: 7 March 2019; Published: 12 March 2019 Abstract: Bats are unique mammals, exhibit distinctive life history traits and have unique immunological approaches to suppression of viral diseases upon infection. High-throughput next-generation sequencing has been used in characterizing the virome of different bat species. The cave nectar bat, Eonycteris spelaea, has a broad geographical range across Southeast Asia, India and southern China, however, little is known about their involvement in virus transmission.