DOCSLIB.ORG

Severity of Associated Weeds in Rabi Crops and Their Control Measures Perceived by Farmers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Severity of Associated Weeds in Rabi Crops and Their Control Measures Perceived by Farmers The Journal of Agricultural Sciences - Sri Lanka Vol. 16, No 3, September 2021. Pp 452-465 http://doi.org/10.4038/jas.v16i03.9471 Severity of associated weeds in Rabi crops and their control measures perceived by farmers S. M. A. Islam1, M. A. I. Rana1, M. Ahmed2 and M. M. Islam2* Received: 23rd April 2020 / Accepted: 26th July 2021 ABSTRACT Purpose: The study was conducted to identify the associated weeds of Rabi (winter) crops and their control measures used by the farmers at Dumuria and Batiaghata upazila in Khulna district of Bangladesh. Research Method: Data were collected from purposively selected 73 respondents using structured interview conducted from 4 January to 20 April, 2019. Findings: In the study area, Echinochloa crussgalli and Cynodon dactylon were found as dominant within rice fields with the highest severity index of 25.34% and 20.54% respectively. In sesame fields, Cucumis melo var. agrestis and Cynodon dactylon were found with 16.78% and 12.33% severity index respectively. The severity index of Cynodon dactylon was the highest in majority of the vegetable crops. The weeding of rice, potato, bitter gourd, spinach, country bean was done within the critical weeding regime but in the rest of the crops weeding was not done during the critical weeding regime. Originality/value: Farmers spend about 40% of the total production cost on weed control and the critical weeding regime has a major impact on effectiveness of weed control, overall economic benefit and net income. Key Words: Associated weeds, Critical weeding regime, Rabi crops, Severity index INTRODUCTION 1998). Competition and Allelopathy are the important ecological interactions between the Bangladesh is predominantly an agrarian crop and weeds. country. The economy of Bangladesh is primarily dependent on agriculture. Agriculture Crop weed competition has almost exclusively contributes about 14% to the country’s GDP. focused on the response of the crop, with About 40% of the labor force is employed in only occasional reference to weed responses. agriculture (BBS, 2018). Due to very fertile Although crop yield loss is central to the short- land and favorable climatic conditions, a term goals of the farmer, longer term weed variety of crops are grown abundantly in the management goals, particularly those related to country during different seasons [Rabi (winter) managing annual weeds, should consider weed and Kharif (summer)]. Amongst, Rabi season is seed yield and weed seed quality, both of which important because of the increase in the income are affected by crop weed competition (Jordan, of farmers, as they grow many cereals, pulses, 1996; Norris, 2007).The weed competition in oilseeds and vegetables in this season. the crop field is invariably severe in the early stages of the crop than at later stages. Generally, Usually, crops are associated with different in a crop of 100 days duration, the first 35 days weeds. The weeds associated with most of the after sowing should be maintained in a weed crops are crop-specific but not due to parasitic reasons. They may be associated with certain 1 Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh crops for specific microclimate, mimicry, and [email protected] ready contamination of crop seeds (Gupta, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-4666 452 Open Access Article free condition. There is no need to attempt formulated to achieve the research goals. for a weed free condition throughout the life period of the crop, as it will entail unnecessary i.To identify major weeds associated with additional expenditure without a proportionate important Rabi crops as perceived by the increase in yield (Walia and Walia, 2015). Thus, farmers. the field should be weed-free during the critical ii.To describe the socio-economic characteristics period of crop weed competition. of the Rabi crop growers for depicting their The critical period of weed crop competition is competence in identifying the associated defined as that shortest period in the ontogeny of weeds. the crop when weeding will result in the highest iii.To find out the control measures of weeds economic returns (Gupta, 1998).The critical practiced by the farmers. period of weed crop competition is the period from the time of sowing up to, in which the crop iv.To explain the cost effectiveness of weed is to be maintained in a weed free environment control methods. to get the highest economical yield. In general, there is a hypothesis that for producing optimum yields, the annual crops require a MATERIALS AND METHODS weed free respite for the first one-fourth to one- third of their growing period. Longer duration The study was conducted at few villages under weed control usually does not give additional three unions of each of Dumuria and Batiaghata economic return. Unfortunately, most farmers Upazila of Khulna district. The farmers erroneously assume that removing weeds at involved in Rabi crop cultivation were treated any time during the growing season is good as the population of the area. The researchers enough for obtaining full benefits of weeding in purposively selected 73 farmers as respondents terms of increased crop yield (Gupta, 1998). In to conduct this survey (36 respondents from Bangladesh, weeds are traditionally controlled Batiaghata and 37 respondents from Dumuria). by hand weeding. The respondents were from villages of Atlia, Bhandar Para, and Kharnia union of Dumuria It has been estimated that losses in crop yields Upazila and villages of Batiaghata, Jalma, and due to weeds in developed countries are 5%, Gangarampur union of Batiaghata Upazila. and in the least developed countries about 25% Data were collected by face to face interviews (Mukhopadhayay, 1992). The weeds reduce the with the farmers using the interview schedule crop yields, directly and indirectly, they elevate conducted from 4 January to 20 April, 2019. The farm production costs through energy spent respondents were asked to mention the names in controlling them. On country basis, such of the weeds which they used to encounter in losses in crop yields have been estimated at their Rabi season crop fields. The researchers 15-30% in wheat, 30-35% in rice, and 18-85% made several field visits to observe the real each in maize, sorghum, pulses, and oilseeds crop field scenario sometimes with the farmers, (Mukhopadhayay, 1992). and sometimes alone themselves to cross check Considering the mentioned facts, this study the authenticity of the information provided by was conducted to explore the knowledge on farmers. Safeguarding the obtained data was associated weeds and their management and maintained this way and a total of 18 associated to determine the socioeconomic condition of weeds were identified this way. The Associated producers. Specifically, the objectives were Weed Severity Index Score (AWSIS) was to determine farmers’ experience in weed determined by following the very common identification and management. The data varied formula: due to differences in knowledge, understanding, AWSIS = N ×4+N ×3+N ×2+N ×1+N ×0 age, family status, level of education, and so 1 2 3 4 5 on. These following specific objectives were Where, 453 N1= Number of the respondent identified the Critical weeding regimes for the identified weed and rated as very severe associated weeds were established based on the information collected from Hand Book N2= Number of the respondent identified the of Agricultural Technology (Chowdhury weed and rated as severe and Hassan, 2013), and panel review, expert opinion, etc. Pencil sketches were drawn to N3= Number of the respondent identified the weed and rated as moderately severe describe the utility of the weeding within the critical weeding regimes to ensure maximum effectiveness along with the economic benefit. N4= Number of the respondent identified the weed and rated as less severe An economic analysis was also performed to depict the possibility of profit maximization N5= Number of the respondent identified the through weeding cost reduction. weed and rated as not severe RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After determination of the associated weed severity index score associated weed severity Identification of associated weeds of Rabi index was determined by the following formula: crops and their control measure as perceived by the farmers (%)Severity of the weed = (Observed associated weed severity index score) Batiaghata and Dumuria Upazila of Khulna × 100 (Possible highest associated weed severity index score) districts are famous for growing various vegetables. The farmers, selected for this study, used to grow various crops like rice, As there were 73 respondents associated, weed sesame, mungbean, mustard, tomato, potato, severity index score could range 0-292 where pumpkin, bitter gourd, cauliflower, cabbage, ‘0’ indicates no association of weed and ‘292’ Indian spinach, yard long bean, okra, brinjal, indicates the highest weed association. The spinach, country bean, etc. (Table 01). They SPSS software was used for data analysis [for grew all these crops in the survey year or the measuring the mean, frequency, percentage, year before the survey. According to interviews standard deviation (SD), maximum, minimum, with the farmers about the associated weed of data categorization, correlation coefficient Rabi crops in Dumuria and Batiaghata Upazila calculation, etc.]. it was found that several weeds were associated The researchers felt that the information with the crops at that time. Weeds belonging to providers’ overall socioeconomic as well as different families were found associated with agricultural competencies must be assessed. In these crops are discussed with their severity this context, nine socioeconomic characteristics index in Table 01. A total of 18 associated weeds (considered as variables) of the respondents were identified in this way (Table 01). were used in the study: age, educational Among the associated weeds with rice qualifications, family size, farming experience, Echinochloa crussgalli was found with the farm size, cosmopolitanism, organizational highest severity index (25.34%) which ranked participation, extension media contact, and the 1st followed by Cynodon dactylon with agricultural training.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 11815651 14.Pdf
    KHULNA LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT DISTRICT SUMMARY OF ROAD DISTRICT : KHULNA EARTHEN BC BRICK PVT. RIGID PVT. ROAD TYPE NUMBER OF TOTAL SURFACE TYPE-WISE BREAKE-UP CONDITION OF BC & RIGID PVT. ROAD STRUCTURE EXISTING GAP ROAD LENGTH (Km) (As of December, 2003) (Km) (Km) EARTHEN FLEXIBLE BRICK RIGID GOOD FAIR POOR BAD NUMBER SPAN NUMBER SPAN PAVEMENT PAVEMENT PAVEMENT (m) (m) (BC) (WBM/HBB/ (CC/RCC) BFS) Upazila Road 77 755 263 254 238 0 141 82 17 14 975 2860 66 2719 Union Road 88 484 220 97 168 0 50 32 9 6 528 1458 61 1499 Village Road-A 513 1525 1040 133 352 0 94 22 11 5 1152 1693 231 2028 Village Road-B 972 1565 1436 8 121 1 9 0 0 0 224 766 272 1087 TOTAL 1650 4330 2959 491 879 1 294 136 37 25 2879 6777 630 7333 2476 141 473 1 103 22 11 5 Length of Total Road Network Length of Total Road Network under Condition of BC & Rigid Pavement under different Categories different Surface Categories of Total Road Network 17% 8% 5% 0.0% 37% 20.3% 11% 28% 1.3% 59% 35% 68.3% Upazila Road Union Road Village Road-A Village Road-B EARTHEN BC BRICK PVT. RIGID PVT. GOOD FAIR POOR BAD Different Surface Categories and Condition of Different Surface Categories and Condition of BC & Rigid Pavement under Upazila Road BC & Rigid Pavement under Union Road 800 600 700 500 600 400 500 Total Length Total Length Earthen Earthen Brick Pvt. Brick Pvt.
    [Show full text]
  • TR 16-B Field Trip Reports from 2014
    Blue Gold Program Technical Report No. 16 - B Field Trip Reports from 2014 Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Dhaka Bangladesh Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) May 2015 Technical Report 16 Field Trip Reports from 2014 Date : 05/05/2015 Blue Gold Program address client in style ~DocClientAddress (Arial 8) Mott MacDonald, Amsterdamseweg 15, 6814 CM Arnhem, Postbus 441, 6800 AK, Arnhem, Nederland T +31 (0)26 3577 111 F +31 (0)26 3577 577 W www.mottmac.com Green corner – Save a tree today! Mott MacDonald is committed to integrating sustainability into our operational practices and culture. As a world leading consultancy business we are always seeking to improve our own performance and reduce the environmental impact of our business. Meanwhile, many of our staff are committed to living sustainably in their personal lives – as an employee-owned company Mott MacDonald shares their concerns. We feel an ethical obligation to reduce our emissions and resource use and have committed to reducing our per capita carbon footprint by a minimum of 5% year on year. We print our reports and client submissions using recycled, double-sided paper. Compared to printing single sided on A4 virgin paper, double sided printing on recycled paper saves the equivalent of two trees, over a ton of CO2 and a cubic metre of landfill space for every 100 reams. By choosing the greener path we have been able to achieve efficiencies benefiting both Mott MacDonald and our customers. We would like to share some of the principles of our own ‗Going Green‘ initiative: • When possible we scan rather than print and consider what really needs to be on paper • We use electronic faxing when practicable • We work on e-forms • We use recycled paper when possible and print on both sides • Reducing paper in the office creates a better working environment for our staff and our clients We believe that you, as one of our esteemed clients, will share our concern to conserve precious resources for the benefit of our planet and its inhabitants.
    [Show full text]
  • 1St Field Visit Report
    Living Polders: Dynamic Polder Management for Sustainable Livelihoods, Applied to Bangladesh Visit to Polder 30 in Khulna and Polder 35/3 in Bagherhat Conducted during: 8th to 10th February, 2017 Institute of Water and Flood management (IWFM) Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) General Information Project Name: Living Polders: Dynamic Polder Management for Sustainable Livelihoods, Applied to Bangladesh Date of Visit: 8th to 10th February, 2017 Visited Places Polder 30 in Batiaghata Upazila, Khulna (8th February) Corresponding GoB offices (9th February) Polder 35/3 in Bagerhat Upazila, Khulna (10th February) Conducted by Nureza Hafiz, Research Assistant, Living Polders Project Institute of Water and Flood Management, BUET Nazim Uddin Rahi, Research Assistant, Living Polders Project Institute of Water and Flood Management, BUET Cooperated by Mukta Dutta B.Sc. Student, Environmental Science, Khulna University Sabiha Yeasmin Neela B.Sc. Student, Environmental Science, Khulna University Supervised by Dr. M Shah Alam Khan, Project Leader, Living Polders Professor, Institute of Water and Flood Management, BUET, Dhaka- 1000, Bangladesh. Locally supervised by Dr. Md. Atikul Islam Professor, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh. Introduction In the coastal areas of Bangladesh with the construction of Polders to reduce flood risk, salinity intrusion and maximize the agricultural production, the other problems like land subsidence, sedimentation, water logging and salinization have become severe by the time being. By addressing these problems, ‘Living Polders’ project is working in the south- western region to develop a sustainable solution considering the social and physical dynamics of the area. As a part of the ongoing baseline study a field visit was conducted in Polder 30 (Batiaghata and Gangarampur union) and Polder 35/3 (Kara Para, Dema and Malliker Ber Union) during 8th to 10th February, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Knowledge of Plant Uses by the Community of Batiaghata, Khulna, Bangladesh
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.216689; this version posted July 27, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Indigenous knowledge of plant uses by the community of Batiaghata, Khulna, Bangladesh Tama Ray1*, Md. Sharif Hasan Limon1, Md. Sajjad Hossain Tuhin1 and Arifa Sharmin1 1Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh. *Correspondence: [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.216689; this version posted July 27, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Abstract 2 Southwestern region of Bangladesh is very rich in floral diversity, and their diversified uses. An 3 extensive survey was conducted to investigate ethnobotanical applications of botanical species 4 by the community of Khulna, Bangladesh. We focused on plants and community relationships, 5 identify the most important species used, determine the relative importance of the species 6 surveyed and calculated the Fidelity level (FI) and Cultural Significance Index (CSI) concerning 7 individual species. In total, we have listed 136 species of 114 genera under 52 families, of which 8 32% (45 species) were used for folk medicine. Inheritance of traditional knowledge of medicinal 9 plants was the primary source of knowledge acquisition through oral transmission over the 10 generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamic Polder Management for Sustainable Livelihoods, Applied to Bangladesh
    Living Polders: Dynamic Polder Management for Sustainable Livelihoods, Applied to Bangladesh Visit to Beel Pakhimara and Polder 30: Water Sample Collection Feasibility Assessment Conducted during: 24th to 26thMay, 2017 Institute of Water and Flood management (IWFM) Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) General Information Project Name: Living Polders: Dynamic Polder Management for Sustainable Livelihoods, Applied to Bangladesh Date of Visit: 24th to 26th May, 2017 Visited Places Khulna University, Tala Upazila (24th May) Beel Pakhimara, Sampling in Kobadak River (25th May) Polder 30 Batiaghata, Sampling in Rupsa River(26th May) Conducted by Nazim Uddin Rahi, Research Assistant, Living Polders Project Institute of Water and Flood Management, BUET Nureza Hafiz, Research Assistant, Living Polders Project Institute of Water and Flood Management, BUET Cooperated by Quazi Aseer Faisal B.Sc. Student, Environmental Science, Khulna University Syed Hasib Ali B.Sc. Student, Environmental Science, Khulna University Supervised by Dr. M. Shah Alam Khan, Project Leader, Living Polders Professor, Institute of Water and Flood Management, BUET, Dhaka- 1000, Bangladesh. Locally supervised by Dr. Md. Atikul Islam Professor, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh. Introduction For the physical modeling of the ‘Living Polders’ study area, it is needed to collect water and soil quality data. The field visit was aimed to- (i) Understand the feasibility of the study area for sampling (ii) Understand the suitability of the equipments and (iii) Observe the condition and environment of the site to develop adequate sample collection strategy. Description Beel Pakhimara, Kobadak River: Beel Pakhimara is in Tala Upazila of Shatkhira district having an area of 6.53sq.km, and situated in Polder 6-8.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Ethnic Households, Population by Sex, Residence and Community
    Table C-12 : Distribution of Ethnic Households, Population by Sex, Residence and Community Ethnic Ethnic Population in Main Groups Administrative Unit UN / MZ / ZL UZ Vill RMO Residence Population WA MH Community Households Monda Chakma Barmon Others Both Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 47 Khulna Zila Total 483 2054 1022 1032 1003 51 38 962 47 1 Khulna Zila 424 1808 892 916 1003 5 31 769 47 2 Khulna Zila 55 231 121 110 0 42 7 182 47 3 Khulna Zila 4 15 9 6 0 4 0 11 47 12 Batiaghata Upazila Total 2 22 21 1 0 0 0 22 47 12 1 Batiaghata Upazila 2 22 21 1 0 0 0 22 47 12 3 Batiaghata Upazila 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 12 11 Amirpur Union Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 12 23 Baliadanga Union Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 12 35 Batiaghata Union Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 12 35 1 Batiaghata Union 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 12 35 3 Batiaghata Union 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 12 47 Bhanderkote Union Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 12 59 Gangarampur Union Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 12 71 Jalma Union Total 2 22 21 1 0 0 0 22 47 12 83 Surkhali Union Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 Dacope Upazila Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 1 Dacope Upazila 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 2 Dacope Upazila 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 Chalna Paurashava 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 01 Ward No-01 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 02 Ward No-02 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 03 Ward No-03 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 04 Ward No-04 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 05 Ward No-05 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 06 Ward No-06 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 07 Ward No-07 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 08 Ward No-08 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 17 09 Ward No-09 Total 0 0 0 0 0
    [Show full text]
  • EIA Report of Polder 30-CEGIS
    Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Ministry of Water Resources Bangladesh Water Development Board Blue Gold Program Final Report on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on Rehabilitation of Polder 30 September 2015 Acknowledgement The Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), a Public Trust under the Ministry of Water Resources, is greatly indebted to the Blue Gold Program (BGP) of the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) for assigning the CEGIS to render consultancy services on Environmental Studies for Blue Gold Program for Polder 30. Mr. Sujoy Chakma, Director, Planning-III, BWDB and Project Coordination Director (PCD) of Blue Gold Program; Mr. Md Masud Ahmed, earlier Director and PCD of BGP; Mr. Md Abul Kausar, Executive Engineer, Planning-III and other officials of BWDB guided and supported CEGIS EIA team in conducting the environmental and social study. Other officials of BGP cooperated with necessary supports during the baseline survey. Mr. Hero Heering, Program Director; Mr. Dirk Smits, Team Leader; and Mr. Alamgir Chowdhury, Deputy Team Leader of BGP provided support with available necessary data and documents on Polder 30 and also contributed with their knowledge and experiences. The EIA team of CEGIS wishes to express gratitude to Engr. Md Waji Ullah, Executive Director, CEGIS for his continuous support, constructive guidance, comments and suggestion during the preparation of the EIA report . The Chief Engineer of Southwest Zone; Superintending Engineer of Khulna O&M Circle; and Executive Engineer and officials of BWDB, Khulna Division-II also provided necessary information and cooperation to the study team during the field visits. The BGP officials of Khulna office extended their cooperation during field visits of the EIA team.
    [Show full text]
  • Evsjv‡`K †M‡RU, Awzwi³, A‡±Vei 29, 2017 সড়কসেহর অেমািদত ণীিবাস অযায়ী ানীয় সরকার েকৗশল অিধদেরর (এলিজইিড) আওতাধীন ইউিনয়ন সড়েকর হালনাগাদ তািলকা
    † iwR÷vW© bs wW G - 1 evsjv ‡` k † M ‡ RU AwZwi³ msL¨v KZ…©c¶ KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ iweevi , A ‡ ±vei 2 9 , 201 7 MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv ‡` k miKvi cwiKíbv Kwgkb ‡ fŠZ AeKvVv ‡ gv wefvM moK cwienb DBs cÖÁvcb ZvwiLt 19 A ‡ ±vei 2017 moK cwienb I gnvmoK wefv ‡ Mi AvIZvaxb moK I Rbc_ (mIR ) Awa`ßi Ges ¯ ’vbxq miKvi wefv ‡ Mi AvIZvaxb ¯ ’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡ KŠkj Awa`ßi (GjwRBwW) - Gi Kv ‡ Ri g ‡ a¨ ˆØZZv cwinvic~e©K †`‡ k myôz moK † bUIqvK© M ‡ o † Zvjvi j ‡ ÿ¨ miKvi KZ©„K Aby‡ gvw`Z † kÖYxweb¨vm I bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx mIR Awa`ßi Ges GjwRBwWÕi moKmg~‡ ni mgwš^Z ZvwjKv 11 - 02 - 2004 Zvwi ‡ L evsjv ‡` k † M ‡ R ‡ U cÖKvwkZ nq| cieZ©x ‡ Z 12 Ryb 2006 Zvwi ‡ L GjwRBwWÕi AvIZvaxb Dc ‡ Rjv I BDwbqb moK Ges ¯ ’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb (GjwRAvB) Gi AvIZvaxb MÖvg moKmg~‡ ni Avjv`v ZvwjKv evsjv ‡` k † M ‡ R ‡ U cÖKvwkZ nq| GjwRBwW Ges mIR Awa`ß ‡ ii Aaxb moKmg~‡ ni g vwjKvbvi ˆØZZv cwinv ‡ ii j ‡ ÿ¨ MwVZ ÕmoKmg~‡ ni cybt ‡ kÖYxweb¨vm msµvšÍ ÷vwÛs KwgwUÕi 02 b ‡ f¤^i 2014 Zvwi ‡ Li mfvq mIR Gi gvwjKvbvaxb moK ZvwjKv nvjbvMv` Kiv nq Ges † gvU 876wU mo ‡ Ki ZvwjKv P ‚ovšÍ Kiv nq| MZ 18 † deªæqvix 2015 Zvwi ‡ L Zv † M ‡ R ‡ U cybtcÖKvk Kiv nq| (1 1 467 ) g~j¨ : UvKv 25 2.00 11468 evsjv ‡` k † M ‡ RU, AwZwi ³, A ‡ ±vei 2 9 , 201 7 ÕmoKmg~‡ ni cybt ‡ kªYxweb¨vm msµvšÍ ÷vwÛs KwgwUÕi 02 b ‡ f¤^i 2014 Zvwi ‡ Li mfvq wm×všÍ M „nxZ nq † h ÕmIR Gi gvwjKvbvaxb mo ‡ Ki † M ‡ RU cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci GjwRBwWÕi moKmg~‡ ni ZvwjKv nvjbvMv` K ‡ i Zv † M ‡ RU AvKv ‡ i cÖKvk Ki ‡ Z n ‡ eÕ| G † cÖwÿ ‡ Z 11 † m ‡ Þ¤^i 2017 Zvwi ‡ L AbywôZ AvšÍtgš¿Yvjq KwgwUi mfvq GjwRBwW I GjwRAvB Gi nvjbvMv`K …Z ZvwjKv
    [Show full text]
  • Table C-01 : Area, Households, Population, Density by Residence and Community
    Table C-01 : Area, Households, Population, Density by Residence and Community Administrative Unit Area in Population Population UN / MZ / Total ZL UZ Vill RMO Residence Acres In density WA MH Households Total Floating Community Households [sq. km] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 47 Khulna Zila Total 1085893 547347 2318527 2316869 1658 1046 47 1 Khulna Zila 363436 1540939 1540606 333 47 2 Khulna Zila 164723 694933 693708 1225 47 3 Khulna Zila 19188 82655 82555 100 47 12 Batiaghata Upazila Total 61360 40779 171691 171678 13 1040 47 12 1 Batiaghata Upazila 38871 164016 164003 13 47 12 3 Batiaghata Upazila 1908 7675 7675 0 47 12 11 Amirpur Union Total 4593 3884 16282 16282 0 1036 47 12 11 014 1 *Amirpur 218 913 913 0 47 12 11 037 1 *Arazi Narayanpur 30 133 133 0 47 12 11 224 1 *Char Hadirabad 120 547 547 0 47 12 11 261 1 *Datta Para 83 302 302 0 47 12 11 351 1 *Hadirabad 130 564 564 0 47 12 11 381 1 *Hasimpur 51 238 238 0 47 12 11 463 1 *Joypurdanga 60 252 252 0 47 12 11 486 1 *Karerdhone 532 2267 2267 0 47 12 11 493 1 *Karia 146 586 586 0 47 12 11 501 1 *Kariabhita 23 98 98 0 47 12 11 568 1 *Khanrabad 653 2799 2799 0 47 12 11 598 1 *Kismat Kurighata 150 611 611 0 47 12 11 673 1 *Masidghata 288 1214 1214 0 47 12 11 718 1 *Narayankhali 219 866 866 0 47 12 11 725 1 *Narayanpur 265 1146 1146 0 47 12 11 733 1 *Nijgram 220 842 842 0 47 12 11 822 1 *Rambhadrapur 176 694 694 0 47 12 11 942 1 *Shyamganj 173 718 718 0 47 12 11 957 1 *Tala Para 347 1492 1492 0 47 12 23 Baliadanga Union Total 4839 4027 16813 16813 0 1032 47 12 23 082 1 *Baliadanga 474 1901 1901 0 RMO: 1 = Rural, 2 = Urban and 3 = Other Urban Page 1 of 58 Table C-01 : Area, Households, Population, Density by Residence and Community Administrative Unit Area in Population Population UN / MZ / Total ZL UZ Vill RMO Residence Acres In density WA MH Households Total Floating Community Households [sq.
    [Show full text]
  • RESEARCH REPORT on Community Water Management from a Micro
    RESEARCH REPORT ON Community Water Management from a micro level perspective AQUATIC AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS-KHULNA HUB October 20, 2015 Mustafa Bakuluzzaman Ms. Sabekun Naher 1. Preamble and Background Information Bangladesh is the most vulnerable countries in the world for the impacts of climate change. Southern Bangladesh faces HUB Development Challenge due to increasing salinity, changing hydrology, climate change, complex and dynamic markets and social change that impede achieving sustainable and continual improvements in agricultural activity, livelihoods and nutrition of poor communities.HUB Development Challenge and identification of water management on the basis of priorities are equally important issues for reaching the goals of the study. Present community water management initiatives which aimed to know the water management past and recent practices in the AAS (Aquatic Agricultural Systems) communities will contribute to the HUB Development Challenge through two complementary components.Implementing innovative approaches for land and water management is the first action aimed to micro-scale management of land and water by forming Land and Water Groups (LWD) within each community which include one female and one male member. These approaches stick to a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach which lead to the definition and empowerment of LWGs, training and consultation about potential improved practices and definition of experimental plans (introduction of new crops, change in cropping calendar, innovative drainage and/or irrigation techniques, how farmers collectively managing these practices) by each group for water management, agriculture and aquaculture activities. These new practices support to increase productivity of agriculture and aquaculture, higher incomes, reduce water and land conflicts and improve coordination for the AAS community members.
    [Show full text]
  • District Statistics 2011 -..:: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
    জলা পিরসংান 3122 লনা District Statistics 2011 Khulna June 2013 BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS STATISTICS AND INFORMATICS DIVISION MINISTRY OF PLANNING GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH District Statistics 2011 Published in June, 2013 Published by : Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Printed at : Reproduction, Documentation and Publication (RDP) Section, FA & MIS, BBS Cover Design: Chitta Ranjon Ghosh, RDP, BBS ISBN: For further information, please contact: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Statistics and Informatics Division (SID) Ministry of Planning Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Parishankhan Bhaban E-27/A, Agargaon, Dhaka-1207. www.bbs.gov.bd COMPLIMENTARY This book or any portion thereof cannot be copied, microfilmed or reproduced for any commercial purpose. Data therein can, however, be used and published with acknowledgement of the sources. ii Foreword I am delighted to learn that Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) has successfully completed the ‘District Statistics 2011’ under Medium-Term Budget Framework (MTBF). The initiative of publishing ‘District Statistics 2011’ has been undertaken considering the importance of district and upazila level data in the process of determining policy, strategy and decision-making. The basic aim of the activity is to publish the various priority statistical information and data relating to all the districts of Bangladesh. The data are collected from various upazilas belonging to a particular district. The Government has been preparing and implementing various short, medium and long term plans and programs of development in all sectors of the country in order to realize the goals of Vision 2021. For any pragmatic approach in formulating and evaluating development plans and programs reliable statistics are indispensible.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth and Nutrient Composition on Indian Spinach by Irrigating with Different Water Sources
    J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 45(2): 197-207, December, 2019 GROWTH AND NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF INDIAN SPINACH GROWN IN SALINE SOIL USING TREATED WATER FARZANA YASMIN1*, SAYMA KHANOM AND SHAHID AKHTAR HOSSAIN Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh 1Center for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Abstract A field experiment was conducted in Batiaghata Upazila of Khulna district to evaluate the growth and nutrient composition on Indian spinach by irrigating with different water sources. Water that has been used as treatment are saline- and treated water (water from a project called Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)). A field condition was also included (control). As per consumption pattern of Indian spinach, leaf and stem are mixed together. All the growth parameters of the crop were significantly improved for treated water except for the plant height. Carbohydrate, protein, fat, total dietary fiber (TDF) and energy increased (1.06, 2.76, 0.15, 3.21 g/100 g and 23.09 Kcal/100 g) with treated water than the control and saline water while ash content (2.04 g/100 g) decreased than saline water. pH, EC, Na, K, S, Fe and Mg of the soil decreased markedly by applying treated water and other nutrients present in soil also varied. From the study, it is revealed that the best alternate source of water for irrigation is MAR water which can improve plant nutrient content and uptake and soil nutrient status. Key words: Managed aquifer recharge, Saline water, Nutrient composition, Indian spinach Introduction One of the primary objectives of agriculture is to provide the food and fiber needs of human beings which increase as the population increases.
    [Show full text]