The London Gazette, August 4, 1863. 3809
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The Napoleon Series
The Napoleon Series Officers of the Anhalt Duchies who Fought in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1789-1815: Anhalt-Köthen-Pleß, Friedrich Ferdinand, Prince, and then Duke of By Daniel Clarke Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen-Pleß was born on June 25, 1769 in Pleß, or Pless, (Pszczyna), Upper Silesia, Prussia. He was the second son of Friedrich Erdmann, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen-Pleß (1731-1797), a Generalleutnant in the Prussian army, and his wife Louise Ferdinande of Stolberg-Wernigerode. He was therefore the older brother of Heinrich (1778-1847) and Christian Friedrich (1780-1813). In August 1803 Friedrich married Marie Dorothea Henriette Luise, Princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg- Beck, but she died that November. He married again in May 1816 to Julia of Brandenburg, a daughter of King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia, and they had no children. Friedrich entered Prussian service as a Lieutenant in September 1786 in the 15th Infantry Regiment, von Kunitzky. Just under two years later, in March 1788, he became a Staff Captain in the 28th Infantry Regiment, von Kalckstein, but two months later he was made a Line Captain and company commander in the same regiment. When the French Revolutionary Wars began in 1792, he was promoted to Major on May 6 of that year and transferred to the 10th Fusilier (Light Infantry) Battalion, von Forcade—which changed its title to von Martini later in 1792. For his actions in 1792 he was given the Pour le Mérite in January 1793. With his battalion Friedrich fought with distinction in a host of engagements including at Hochheim on January 6 and Alsheim on March 30, 1793, where he was wounded on both occasions. -
A Welcome to Issue Number 2 of Iron Cross by Lord Ashcroft
COLUMN A welcome to Issue Number 2 of Iron Cross by Lord Ashcroft am delighted to have been asked to write a welcome Germany was an empire of 25 “states”; four kingdoms, six to this the second issue of Iron Cross magazine and to grand duchies, seven principalities and three Hanseatic be able to commend this splendid publication to the free cities. reader as an important historical journal. It provides Most had their own armies, even though some were Ian honest and objective look at German military history extremely small, consisting of just a single infantry from 1914 to 1945 for the first time. regiment. In most cases, these armies were trained, Over the past 33 years, I have built up the world’s organised and equipped after the Prussian model. largest collection of Victoria Crosses, Britain and the Although in wartime, these armies fell under the control Commonwealth’s premier gallantry award for bravery of the Prussian General Staff, the creation and bestowal ■ A selection of German gallantry awards from the First World War: L to R, Prussian Iron Cross 2nd Class, Prussian Knight’s Cross of the Royal House Order in the face of the enemy. As such, I am now the humble of gallantry awards remained a privilege of the territorial of Hohenzollern with Swords, Military Merit Cross 2nd Class of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Hamburg Hanseatic Cross and Honour Cross of custodian of more than 200 VCs from a total of over lords and sovereigns of the Reich. The reality was that the World War. -
The Emperor Charles VI and Spain (1700-1740)
19 April 2010 William O’Reilly (University of Cambridge) The Emperor Who Could Not Be King: The Emperor Charles VI and Spain (1700-1740) ‘Sad news’, wrote the Archduke Charles of Austria, self-styled King of Spain, on learning of the death of his elder brother, the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I, in 1711. ‘From my house, only I remain. All falls to me.’ Terse as it may be, this obiter reveals the twin pillars of Charles VI’s imperial ideology: dynastic providence and universal dominion. In this expansive and absorbing paper, William O’Reilly offered an account of the career of the Emperor Charles VI as manqué King of Spain. The childless death of Charles II, the last Habsburg King of Spain, in 1700, ignited a succession crisis that engulfed Europe in conflict. Standard accounts of the War of the Spanish Succession treat the two pretenders, Philip Duc d’Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV, and the Archduke Charles, younger son of the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, as ciphers in a game of grand strategy. But Dr O’Reilly presented a compelling case for re- appraisal. His study of Charles revealed the decisive influence of personal ambition and court politics on the business of state formation in the early-eighteenth century. Arriving in Barcelona in the late summer of 1705, the Archduke was immediately proclaimed King Charles III of Spain throughout Catalonia. During his six years in Barcelona, he cultivated long-standing Catalan suspicions of Madrid (in Bourbon hands from 1707) to construct a Habsburg party among the Aragonese elite. -
Orders, Medals and Decorations
Orders, Medals and Decorations To be sold by auction at: Sotheby’s, in the Lower Grosvenor Gallery The Aeolian Hall, Bloomfield Place New Bond Street London W1A 2AA Day of Sale: Thursday 1 December 2016 at 12.00 noon and 2.30 pm Public viewing: Nash House, St George Street, London W1S 2FQ Monday 28 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Tuesday 29 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Wednesday 30 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Or by previous appointment. Catalogue no. 83 Price £15 Enquiries: Paul Wood, David Kirk or James Morton Cover illustrations: Lot 239 (front); lot 344 (back); lot 35 (inside front); lot 217 (inside back) Tel.: +44 (0)20 7493 5344 Fax: +44 (0)20 7495 6325 Email: [email protected] Website: www.mortonandeden.com This auction is conducted by Morton & Eden Ltd. in accordance with our Conditions of Business printed at the back of this catalogue. All questions and comments relating to the operation of this sale or to its content should be addressed to Morton & Eden Ltd. and not to Sotheby’s. Online Bidding This auction can be viewed online at www.the-saleroom.com, www.numisbids.com and www.sixbid.com. Morton & Eden Ltd offers an online bidding service via www.the-saleroom.com. This is provided on the under- standing that Morton & Eden Ltd shall not be responsible for errors or failures to execute internet bids for reasons including but not limited to: i) a loss of internet connection by either party; ii) a breakdown or other problems with the online bidding software; iii) a breakdown or other problems with your computer, system or internet connec- tion. -
Naples, 1781-1785 New Evidence of Queenship at Court
QUEENSHIP AND POWER THE DIARY OF QUEEN MARIA CAROLINA OF NAPLES, 1781-1785 New Evidence of Queenship at Court Cinzia Recca Queenship and Power Series Editors Charles Beem University of North Carolina, Pembroke Pembroke , USA Carole Levin University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln , USA Aims of the Series This series focuses on works specializing in gender analysis, women's studies, literary interpretation, and cultural, political, constitutional, and diplomatic history. It aims to broaden our understanding of the strategies that queens-both consorts and regnants, as well as female regents-pursued in order to wield political power within the structures of male-dominant societies. The works describe queenship in Europe as well as many other parts of the world, including East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Islamic civilization. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14523 Cinzia Recca The Diary of Queen Maria Carolina of Naples, 1781–1785 New Evidence of Queenship at Court Cinzia Recca University of Catania Catania , Italy Queenship and Power ISBN 978-3-319-31986-5 ISBN 978-3-319-31987-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31987-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016947974 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. -
Captain Robert Smart, K.H., K.C.B., R.N. May 1857 B
No. Service: Rank: Names & Service Information: Supporting Information: 8. 22 July Captain Robert Smart, K.H., K.C.B., R.N. May 1857 B. Sept 1796.Warkworth, Born the third son (4th child) of Mr. John Smart 1854 Northumberland, England. Born (1759-1828), of Trewhitt house and Belford, at Togstone, Northumberland. Northumberland, and Dorothy Lynn (?). In all they D. 10 Sept 1874, Chiswick, had 3 girls and 4 boys:- Middlesex, England. B. Old 1. Eleanor Smart(abt. 1791) Chiswick, Middlesex. 2. William Lynn Smart of Trewhitt House & Mason Educated at Houghton-le- Lindon Hall (abt 1791, Wakworth, 29 25 Jul May. 1857 Spring, Durham. Northumberland. 24 Nov 1875, Clifton, Bristol, 1854 Oct 1810 he entered the Navy Gloustershire.) in, as ordinary seaman and was 3. John Newton Smart (abt 1795, Saryton raised to seaman 1st class, on Hortham, Ireland. D.1877, Barnet, Middlesex). board the “Adamant”, 50, 4. Robert Smart. under Captain Matthew Buckle, 5. Newton Smart (Rev) (B.30 Jul 1799, on flagship of Rear-Admiral Wastworth, Northampton. D. 23 Jun 1879 Otway, on the Leith station, Berkshire.). and, after serving in the he was 6. Mary Smart (B.abt 1801, Warkworth, lent for 8 months to the Northumberland. D. (?) “Plover”, under Capt. Colin 7. Margaret Bewicke Smart(B.5 Feb 1803, Campbell, for 9 months to the Alewick, Northumberland. D.27 Jan 1889, “Rifleman”, under, Captain Berkshire.). Joseph Pearce. 9 May 1811 he attained the 14 Sep 1848 - Married Elizabeth Isabella Sharpe rank from a rating to that of a (B.9 Dec 1814, St Dunstan in the West, England. -
British, Russian, Chinese and World Orders, Medals, Decorations and Miniatures
British, Russian, Chinese and World Orders, Medals, Decorations and Miniatures To be sold by auction at: Sotheby’s, in the Upper Grosvenor Gallery The Aeolian Hall, Bloomfield Place New Bond Street London W1A 2AA Day of Sale: Thursday 29 November 2012 at 10.00am and 2.30pm Public viewing: 45 Maddox Street, London W1S 2PE Monday 26 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Tuesday 27 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Wednesday 28 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Or by previous appointment. Catalogue no. 60 Price £15 Enquiries: James Morton or Paul Wood in association with 45 Maddox Street, London W1S 2PE Tel.: +44 (0)20 7493 5344 Fax: +44 (0)20 7495 6325 Email: [email protected] Website: www mortonandeden.com This auction is conducted by Morton & Eden Ltd. in accordance with our Conditions of Business printed at the back of this catalogue. All questions and comments relating to the operation of this sale or to its content should be addressed to Morton & Eden Ltd. and not to Sotheby’s. Online Bidding This auction can be viewed online at www.the-saleroom.com and www.invaluable.com. Morton & Eden Ltd offers an online bidding service via www.the-saleroom.com. This is provided on the understanding that Morton & Eden Ltd shall not be responsible for errors or failures to execute internet bids for reasons including but not limited to: i) a loss of internet connection by either party; ii) a breakdown or other problems with the online bidding software; iii) a breakdown or other problems with your computer, system or internet connection. -
![{PDF EPUB} a Short History of Spain by Charles Petrie a Short History of Spain [Petrie, Charles] on Amazon.Com](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/2431/pdf-epub-a-short-history-of-spain-by-charles-petrie-a-short-history-of-spain-petrie-charles-on-amazon-com-1172431.webp)
{PDF EPUB} a Short History of Spain by Charles Petrie a Short History of Spain [Petrie, Charles] on Amazon.Com
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} A short history of Spain by Charles Petrie A short history of Spain [Petrie, Charles] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. A short history of SpainCited by: 1Publish Year: 1975Author: Petrie, Charles, SirA Short History of Spain: Petrie, Sir Charles: Amazon.com ...https://www.amazon.com/Short-History-Spain- Charles-Petrie/dp/B000ORN7O0A Short History of Spain [Petrie, Sir Charles] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. A Short History of SpainAuthor: Sir Charles PetrieDescription: A short history of Spain / Charles Petrie.find.mtsu.edu/vufind/Record/.b11231907/DescriptionKing Charles III of Spain; an enlightened despot [by] Sir Charles Petrie. by: Petrie, Charles, Sir, 1895- Published: (1971) The Edwardians [by] Sir Charles Petrie. by: Petrie, Charles, Sir, 1895- Published: (1965) The drift to world war 1900-1914 [by] Sir Charles Petrie. A short history of Spain / Cha... Staff View; Cite this; Text this; Email this; Export Record. Export to RefWorks; Export to EndNoteWeb; Export to EndNote; ... a A short history of Spain / |c Charles Petrie. 260 |a London : |b Sidgwick & Jackson, |c 1975. 500 |a Includes index. 504 |a ... Oct 17, 2013 · The History Of Spain Paperback – October 17, 2013 by Charles Petrie (Author) This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process.Cited by: 3Publish Year: 1934Author: Louis Bertrand, Petrie, Charles, Sir, Warre Bradley WellsAuthor: Charles PetrieA short history of Spain / Charles Petrie | National ...https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/665749A short history of Spain / Charles Petrie Sidgwick & Jackson London 1975. -
Alía Herculanea: Pre-Hispanic Sites and Antiquities in Late Bourbon New Spain
10 Alía Herculanea: Pre-Hispanic Sites and Antiquities in Late Bourbon New Spain Leonardo López Luján ompeii and Herculaneum are sym- in gardens are excavated to conduct bols of the archaeologist's bliss, a detailed contextual, computerized Pcertainty in the discovery of al- record. Pompeii and Herculaneum most the totality of vestiges of ancient continue to be the laboratory for ar- life ...a veritable dream! These cities are chaeological methods, the field of also at the source ofthe privileged place privileged experimentation. occupied by archaeology in our civi- lization. Their spectacular discoveries With these words, Tony Hackens amazed all civilized men from the last (1993: 15), vice president ofthe Archaeolo- two centuries. There one could see the gy Program ofthe European Community parade ofEuropean arts and letters: (PACE), inaugurated academic sessions to celebrate the 250th anniversary of For generations, archaeologists there the first explorations at the Roman cit- have refined their methods and modi- ies buried in A.D. 79 by the ashes and fied their objectives. At the start, only mud spewed by Mount Vesuvius (Figure small paintings were pulled from the 10.1 ).1 This meeting took place on walls and only statues, important October 30, 1988, in the beautifulltalian objects, gems, and jewels were col- town of Ravello. That day, in a packed lected. Today, everything is recov- room overlooking the sea, the supreme ered right down to a dead fly from luminaries of Classical archaeology and 1979, and even the roots of bushes art history were gathered together: Luisa 313 Leonardo López Luján Figure 10.1. -
Unmasking 'King John of Portugal'
Unmasking ‘King John of Portugal’ Fiona McGarel-Groves reveals how the rediscovery of a portrait led to a deeper understanding of the Rothschilds’ early global business activities. In a small room in the third New Court where, until 2004, the London price of gold was set twice each business day by five representatives from The London Gold Market Fixing Ltd., hung a small series of early nineteenth-century portraits, known as the ‘Crowned Heads’. These heads of state represented five of the countries for which the Rothschild brothers provided government loans in the two decades after the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815).¹ The portraits are identified by small brass labels as the Empress Catherine of Russia, King William of the Netherlands, Emperor Francis of Austria, King Frederick William of Prussia, and King John of Portugal. They now hang together with two other ‘Crowned Heads’ of significance – William IX, the Elector of Hesse, and Andrew Jackson, President of the United States – in a prominent corridor in the present New Court. The ‘Crowned Heads’ were labelled some time after they were acquired. They were prob- ably presented to Nathan Mayer Rothschild at the times of the various loans, and a 1917 inventory indicates that several of them were hung in the corridor off the main entrance hall of the mansion at Nathan’s estate at Gunnersbury, West London. King John is not mentioned in that inventory and it is unclear where this picture was in 1917. One can only imagine that, after two generations, a member of the family decided to label the portraits so that their subjects would not be forgotten, and that some guesswork was involved. -
The Political Path for a State Religion in Eighteenth-Century Spain
Bourbon Regalism and the Importation of Gallicanism: The Political Path for a State Religion in Eighteenth-Century Spain El regalismo borbónico y la importación del galicanismo: El camino político hacia una religión de estado en la España del siglo XVIII Andrea J. SMIDT Professor of History and Humanities. Geneva College Resumen: El siglo XVIII experimentó un marcado cambio en Abstract: In the 18th century, a major change occurred in the la cultura institucional española bajo el régimen de la dinastía institutional culture of Spanish governance under the Bour- borbónica. Burócratas profesionales –llamados a veces regalis- bon dynasty. Professionally trained bureaucrats, sometimes tas– estudiaron cuidadosamente las últimas tendencias en el referred to as regalists, carefully studied the latest trends in arte imperial de gobernar y en la retórica política. Envolvieron imperial statecraft and fashioned political rhetoric couched sus resultados en una terminología ilustrada de «progreso» in Enlightenment terms of «progress» to justify their politi- para justificar sus propuestas políticas, poniendo el acento cal moves, emphasizing the greater efficiency and economic en las promesas de eficacia y prosperidad económica de tales prosperity that such reforms would bring. Regalism in the first reformas. En la primera mitad del siglo, el regalismo llevó a la half of the century led to an embrace of Catholic Enlighten- acogida de la Ilustración católica y a una política pro-jesuita ment as well as a pro-Jesuit policy that expanded the crown’s que incrementó la autoridad política de la Corona sobre la Igle- political authority over the Catholic Church. But it was not un- sia católica. -
Europe and the French Imperium: Napoleon As Enlightened Despot Geoffrey Bruun As with Most Charismatic Figures, It Has Been Diff
Europe and the French Imperium: Napoleon as Enlightened Despot Geoffrey Bruun As with most charismatic figures, it has been difficult to evaluate Napoleon objectively from a historical perspective. Even before his death, a number of myths were developing about him. Since then much of the debate among scholars has dealt with whether Napoleon should be considered a defender or a destroyer of the revolution, whether his rise to power reversed the revolutionary tide or consolidated it. In the following selection Geoffrey Bruun argues that Napoleon should be viewed more as an eighteenth-century enlightened despot than as anything else. The major misconception which has distorted the epic of Napoleon is the impression that his advent to power was essentially a dramatic reversal, which turned back the tide of democracy and diverted the predestined course of the revolutionary torrent. That this Corsican liberticide could destroy a republic and substitute an empire, seemingly at will, has been seized upon by posterity as the outstanding proof of his arrogant genius. To reduce his career to logical dimensions, to appreciate how largely it was a fulfillment rather than a miscarriage of the reform program, it is necessary to forget the eighteenth century as the seedtime of political democracy and remember it as the golden era of the princely despots, to recall how persistently the thinkers of that age concerned themselves with the idea of enlightened autocracy and how conscientiously they laid down the intellectual foundations of Caesarism. Napoleon was, to a degree perhaps undreamed of in their philosophy, the son of the philosophes, and it is difficult to read far in the political writings of the time without feeling how clearly the century prefigured him, how ineluctably in Vandal's phrase l'idee a precede l'homme.