DOCSLIB.ORG

Tissue Mineral Levels in Victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 11

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tissue Mineral Levels in Victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 11 784 ERICKSON ET AL. 27. Underwood, E. J.: Trace elements in human and animal nutrition. 4th ed. p. 410. 30. Requests for reprints should be addressed to: Dr. Marilyn M. Erickson, Depart- (Academic Press, New York, 1977). ment of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 14871, St. Louis, 28. Ziegler, E. E., Edwards, B. B., Jensen, R. L., Mahaffey, K. R., and Foman, S. J.: MO 63178 Absorption and retention of lead by infants. Pediatr. Res., 12: 29 (1978). 31. This research was supported in part by NIH grant No. 5T32 AM07033. 29. This work is taken in part from a dissertation submitted to the Graduate School, 32. This research was supported in part by NIH grant No. HD-09998-04. St. Louis University by M. M. Erickson in partial fulfillment ofthe requirement 33. Received for publication June 22, 1982. for the Ph.D. degree in Pathology. 34. Accepted for publication March 15, 1983. 003 I-3998/83/ 17 10-0784$02.00/0 PEDIATRIC RESEARCH Vol. 17, No. 10, 1983 Copyright O 1983 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc. Printed in (I.S.A. Tissue Mineral Levels in Victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 11. Essential Minerals: Copper, Zinc, Calcium, and Magnesium(45) MARILYN M. ERICKSON,'~~~~~)ALPHONSE POKLIS, GEORGE E. GANTNER, ALLAN W. DICKINSON, AND LAURA S. HILL MAN'^" The Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine; the Division of Neonatology; St. Louis Children's Hospital; the Division of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis; the Management Information and Systems Department, Monsanto Company; the Department of Pathology, St. Louis University School of Medicine; and the Offices of the Medical Examiner, St. Louis City and St. Louis County, MO USA Summary however, because different deficiencies are manifest in different tissues and because some tissue concentrations vary with age, Deficiencies of various vitamin and minerals per se have been mineral deficiencies were not totally excluded. suggested as possible causes of sudden infant death syndrome Mineral interactions are known to occur both among the essen- (SIDS). Further, a deficiency of essential minerals may lead to tial elements and between toxic and essential elements (20,35,42). enhanced toxicity of toxic elements, in particular, lead and cad- Copper and zinc are antagonistic to each other (lo), while normal mium. To explore the possibility of mineral deficiencies or inter- calcium metabolism, in some instances, depends on the presence actions with the toxic metals, lead and cadmium, lung, liver, of normal amounts of magnesium (1). A deficiency of copper or kidney, and rib specimens were obtained at autopsy from 66 SIDS zinc will lead to enhanced toxicity of lead or cadmium whereas an infants and 23 infants who died suddenly from other causes. Tissue excessive dietary intake of the essential minerals will be protective copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium were measured by atomic (9, 23, 35). Tissue lead concentrations are greatly elevated when absorption spectroscopy. No differences were found between SIDS dietary calcium is low (27, 28, 36). Magnesium supplementation and non-SIDS for any element in any tissue except for more has been shown to effect increased excretion of lead in rats (41). magnesium in the liver (P < 0.0001) and less copper in the lungs The determination of copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium (P 0.02) in the SIDS group. Only sporadic interactions between < concentrations in tissues of SIDS victims was undertaken to see if toxic and essential elements could be found. We found no evidence any relationships existed between these elements and the cadmium of any essential mineral deficiencies per se or significant interac- and lead levels previously reported (14) and at the same time with tions of essential and toxic minerals that might potentiate the a larger number of cases and with appropriately age-matched effects of toxic metals. The physiologic significance, if any, of the controls to further examine the possibility of the presence of higher liver magnesium and lower lung copper found in SIDS is deficiencies or excesses of these elements in multiple tissues. unclear. Abbreviations MATERIALS AND METHODS AAS, atomic absorption spectrophotometry Fresh lung, liver, right kidney, and right 5th rib specimens were CaBP, calcium-binding protein obtained from infants autopsied at the St. Louis City and County SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome Medical Examiners' Offlces. The ages at death ranged from 4-26 wk. There were 66 SIDS and 23 non-SIDS infants. Each tissue was packaged separately in plastic bags and stored at -20°C until Because of their wide ranging effects, deficiencies of various the analyses were run. The tissues were processed as previously vitamins and minerals have been suggested as a possible cause of described. (14). The tissue acid digests were analyzed for copper SIDS including biotin (22), thiamine (11, 37), vitamin D (21) using electrothermal AAS and for zinc, calcium, and magnesium vitamin E and/or selenium (29, 38), and magnesium (5). Lapin, et using air-acetylene flame AAS. A Varian Model 1200 AAS was al. (25) measured selenium, magnesium, copper, and zinc concen- used for rib zinc measurements and a Perkin-Elmer Model 403 trations in liver samples from 13 SIDS cases ranging from 1-10 equipped with an HGA 2200 graphite furnace was used for all months of age and 14 non-SIDS cases, age 5 days to 13 years. other mineral measurements. Deuterium background correction They found no significant differences between the two groups; was used for copper and zinc. Lanthanum was used to suppress ESSENTIAL MINERALS 785 phosphate interference in the calcium analyses. National Bureau mineral concentrations, all values were corrected to the age of 13 of Standards SRM 1577 bovine liver was used as a tissue reference. wk. The age-corrected values in the two groups then were com- The results are reported in micrograms per gram of dried tissue. pared. Tissue mineral levels that were more than four standard Log transformations of the raw data were used to calculate deviations from the mean were eliminated from the subsequent Pearson's correlation wefficients (r). Significance levels (P) were calculations. taken from a table (12) using r values and degrees of freedom. To avoid the possibility of errors resulting from changes with age in RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of the mineral concentrations Table 1. Tissue mineral concentrations' for each of the four tissues are shown in Table 1. No differences SIDS~ non-SIDS2 were found except for significantly more magnesium in the liver Mineral/ (P < 0.0001) and less copper in the lungs (P < 0.02) in the SIDS tissue n Mean f S.D. n Mean f S.D. group than was found in the non-SIDS group. Age correction did Copper not produce any significant changes in mean & S.D. mineral Lung concentrations and thus only non-age-corrected means are shown Liver in the Table. Kidney4 The only mineral concentration changes with age: a decrease in Rib liver copper in both the SIDS and non-SIDS (P < 0.0001), a zinc decrease in liver calcium in SIDS (P < 0.0005) but not in non- SIDS, a decrease in lung magnesium (P 0.0005), lung zinc (P Lung < Liver < 0.05), and rib zinc (P < 0.005) in non-SIDS but not in SIDS. Kidney4 Only the slopes of liver calcium versus age were different between SIDS and non-SIDS (P 0.01). The intercept for lung magnesium Rib < Calcium was lower (P < 0.01) in SIDS and the intercepts for liver magne- Lung sium (P< 0.05) and liver calcium (P < 0.01) were higher in SIDS. Liver Correlation between essential elements and rib or same tissue Kidney4 lead and kidney or same tissue cadmium (14) can be seen in Table Rib1 2. There was no signif3cant differences in mineral levels between Magnesium black and white infants or between males and females. Lung Liver DISCUSSION Kidney4 A search of the literature has revealed no previous studies of Rib tissue minerals in infants as a distinct group. In some studies ' Mineral concentrations are expressed in pg/g dry weight except rib infants were grouped with older children and even with adults; calcium which is expressed in mg/g dry weight. however, our findings are all within expected ranges. Mean SIDS age = 11.9 wk, mean non-SIDS age = 13.4 wk. Copper. Copper is an element essential for bone growth and Significant diffference, lung Cu P < 0.02, liver Mg P < 0.0001. maintenance, for hematopoiesis and as a wmponent of several Cortex. key metalloenzymes including lysyl oxidase, tyrosinase, superox- Table 2. Tissue mineral correlations (r) Lead Cadmium SIDS non-SIDS SIDS non-SIDS Rib Same tissue Rib Same tissue Kidney Same tissue Kidney Same tissue Copper Lung 0.1054 0.0804 -0.2223 -0.1447 0.1040 0.2419 0.3954 0.5220' Liver -0.2406 -0.2371 -0.3063 -0.3084 -0.45373 -0.0543 -0.429 1' -0.0520 Kidney -0.2344 -0.0120 -0.3081 0.05 1 1 -0.0452 0.0452 0.0543 0.0543 Rib -0.0580 -0.0580 0.25 17 0.25 17 -0.3604' 0.1010 -0.4843' -0.0563 zinc . Lung -0.0019 -0.2322 0.0028 -0.3369 -0.2200 -0.0698 -0.2646 -0.1999 Liver -0.0260 0.2066 -0.1216 0.3366 0.0246 -0.0073 0.053 1 -0.0754 Kidney 0.0272 0.1461 0.075 1 -0.0850 -0.0794 -0.0794 -0.3264 -0.3264 Rib 0.0124 0.0124 0.1902 0.1902 -0.2865' 0.045 1 -0.4569' 0.1677 Calcium Lung -0.0993 0.1629 0.1255 0.056 1 -0.0182 -0.0359 -0.1447 0.0584 Liver -0.0914 -0.2036 -0.2032 -0.0353 -0.40093 -0.1830 0.2442 0.2918 Kidney 0.0337 -0.3023 -0.1046 -0.2994 -0.1527 -0.1527 -0.3552 -0.3552 Rib -0.073 1 -0.0731 -0.1304 -0.1304 0.2946' -0.0372 0.2042 0.0829 Magnesium Lung 0.0361 -0.3219' -0.3004 -0.4742' -0.1706 -0.0877 -0.4937' -0.0277 Liver 0.1 169 -0.0079 -0.3599 0.2536 0.0469 0.2509' 0.2321 0.0476' Kidney -0.0150 0.0281 -0.2569 -0.2159 -0.2538' -0.2538' -0.0745 -0.0745 Rib -0.0383 -0.0383 -0.3366 -0.3366 -0.0365 -0.0564 -0.0406 0.0149 ' P < 0.05.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effect-Of-Various-Calcium-Salts.Pdf
    Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 49 (2018) 8–12 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jtemb Effect of various calcium salts on non-heme iron bioavailability in fasted women of childbearing age T Valeria Candiaa, Israel Ríos-Castilloa,b, Frank Carrera-Gilc, Berta Vizcarraa, Manuel Olivaresa, ⁎ Sotiris Chaniotakisd, Fernando Pizarroa, a Laboratory of Micronutrients, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technologies, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile b Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Sub Regional Office for Mesoamerica. Panama City, Panama c Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Fundación Valle del Lili Academic Hospital, Cali, Colombia d Department of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Introduction: Micronutrient deficiencies are one of the most important public health issues worldwide and iron Iron bioavailability (Fe) deficiency anemia is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency. Iron deficiency often coexists with cal- Iron absorption cium deficiency and iron and calcium supplementation often overlap. This has led to investigations into the Iron interaction between these two minerals, and whether calcium may inhibit iron absorption in the gut. Calcium Objective: To determine the effect of various calcium salts on non-heme iron bioavailability in fasted women of Women childbearing age. Methods: A randomized and single blinded trial was conducted on 27 women of childbearing age (35–45 years old) divided into 2 groups (n1 = 13 and n2 = 14, respectively). On four different days, after an overnight fast, 55 59 they received 5 mg of Fe as FeSO4 (labeled with Fe or Fe) with 800 mg of elemental calcium in the form of either calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, calcium citrate, calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, calcium sulfate or calcium phosphate.
    [Show full text]
  • Copper, Magnesium, Zinc and Calcium Status in Osteopenic and Osteoporotic Post-Menopausal Women
    02-Mahdaviroshan_- 25/05/15 15:48 Pagina 18 Mini-review Copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium status in osteopenic and osteoporotic post-menopausal women Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan 1 seems to be due to an imbalance between bone resorption and Mehrangiz Ebrahimi 2 bone formation at older ages (1-3), and is widely recognized as Aliasgar Ebrahimi 3 a major public health problem, especially for women (4). Osteopenia, defined as a bone mineral density that is lower than normal but not low enough to be classified as osteo - 1 Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, porosis, generally increases in severity with age and is most Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran prevalent in women who are postmenopausal. Osteopenia is 2 Faculty of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Tabriz University often called ‘pre-osteoporosis’ as it sometimes leads to os - of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran teoporosis (5). The etiology of osteoporosis and osteopenia 3 Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Tabriz, is multi-factorial. Many factors – genetic differences, en - University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran docrine factors and lifestyle behaviour, such as physical ac - tivity and diet, especially mineral deficiency due to reduced dietary intake and reduced absorption of these nutrients – are thought to play important role in osteopenia or osteo - Address for correspondence: porosis and its prevention (5, 6). Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan Minerals such as magnesium, zinc, copper and calcium are Department of Community Medicine all essential for health. They help promote strong bones and School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science are involved in the interaction of more than 300 enzyme re - Rasht, Iran actions.
    [Show full text]
  • Reviews on the Mineral Provision in Ruminants (VIII): IRON METABOLISM and REQUIREMENTS in RUMINANTS
    Reviews on the mineral provision in ruminants (VIII): IRON METABOLISM AND REQUIREMENTS IN RUMINANTS A.M. van den Top CVB Documentation report nr. 40 November 2005 Centraal Veevoederbureau Centraal Veevoederbureau 2005 All rights are explicitly reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed and/or published by any means (including but not limited to printing, photocopying, microfilming, scanning, electronic copying or distribution) in whatever manner, without the prior written consent of the Centraal Veevoederbureau. Although this publication has been compiled with great care, the Centraal Veevoederbureau cannot be held liable in any way for the consequences of any use of the information contained in this publication. Reviews on the mineral provision in ruminants (VIII): IRON METABOLISM AND REQUIREMENTS IN RUMINANTS A.M. van den Top Adviesbureau VOER-RAAD Groenekan, The Netherlands CVB Documentation report nr. 40 November 2005 Centraal Veevoederbureau Postbus 2176 8203 AD Lelystad Telefoon 0320 – 29 32 11 Telefax 0320 – 29 35 38 E-mail [email protected] Internet www.cvb.pdv.nl PREFACE In the Netherlands the ´Handleiding Mineralenonderzoek bij rundvee in de praktijk´1 is a well- known publication that has been used already for decades as a guide to trace and treat mineral disorders in cattle. The fifth edition of this guidebook was published in 1996. The content of this publication was largely identical to that of the fourth edition (1990). Therefore the (independent) committee that is responsible for the contents of the guidebook (the ‘Commissie Onderzoek Minerale Voeding’2, COMV) decided in 2000 that a thorough revision was desired. The committee was of the opinion that, if possible, the available scientific literature should be summarized and evaluated once again.
    [Show full text]
  • 47 Amphibian Calcium Metabolism
    J. exp. Biol. 184, 47–61 (1993) 47 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1993 AMPHIBIAN CALCIUM METABOLISM DANIEL F. STIFFLER Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA Summary Calcium is present in amphibian blood at a concentration similar to that in other vertebrates, about 1–2mmol l21. The fraction of free calcium in amphibians is lower than that in other tetrapod vertebrates because about 50% of the plasma Ca2+ is bound to plasma proteins and perhaps other molecules. Plasma [Ca2+] varies seasonally, increasing in spring and summer and decreasing in winter. Changes in plasma [Ca2+] also occur during larval development, as the concentration of this ion increases in larval forms as they approach metamorphosis. Calcium is exchanged at a variety of sites in animals. There is evidence for Ca2+ uptake across the skin and gills of larval anurans. It is also transported into the blood from the small intestine (especially the duodenum) and reabsorbed in renal tubules from the glomerular filtrate. The possibility of Ca2+ absorption from urine stored in the urinary bladder has not been confirmed, however. Calcium is stored in bone and in specialized endolymphatic sacs. This Ca2+ can be mobilized when the need arises. There are a number of endocrine and other humoral factors that appear to be involved in amphibian calcium metabolism. These include parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D and prolactin. Introduction The study of amphibian calcium metabolism has lagged behind the study of other major ions such as Na+, K+ and Cl2 for several reasons. The interest created in Na+, K+ and Cl2 by the early work of Krogh (1937) and Ussing (1949) stimulated a large number of workers to study the transport of these ions in frog skin.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Copper on Calcium Metabolism and Detoxification Mechanisms in Freshwater Bivalve Species of Anodonta
    University of Bayreuth, Germany Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology & University of Lorraine, France Laboratory of Interactions Ecotoxicology Biodiversity Ecosystems Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the degree of Doctor in Sciences Discipline: Ecotoxicology Effects of copper on calcium metabolism and detoxification mechanisms in freshwater bivalve species of Anodonta Olivier SANTINI 13 June 2012 Supervisors: Professor Hartmut FRANK Professor Paule VASSEUR University of Bayreuth, Germany Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology & University of Lorraine, France Laboratory of Interactions Ecotoxicology Biodiversity Ecosystems Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the degree of Doctor in Sciences Discipline: Ecotoxicology Effects of copper on calcium metabolism and detoxification mechanisms in freshwater bivalve species of Anodonta Olivier SANTINI 13 June 2012 Supervisors: Professor Hartmut FRANK Professor Paule VASSEUR Jury of thesis: Lecturer-HDR Carole COSSU-LEGUILLE, University of Lorraine, France Professor Konrad DETTNER, University of Bayreuth, Germany, reviewer Professor Hartmut FRANK, University of Bayreuth, Germany, reviewer Professor Britta PLANER-FRIEDRICH, University of Bayreuth, Germany, chairman Professor Jouni TASKINEN University of Jyväskylä, Finland, reviewer Professor Paule VASSEUR University of Lorraine, France, reviewer This doctoral thesis was prepared at the Departement of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology in the University of Bayreuth supervised by Prof. Dr. Hartmut Frank, and in the Laboratory Interactions Ecotoxicology Biodiversity Ecosystems in the University of Lorraine supervised by Prof. Dr. Paule Vasseur, from 01/10/2006 until 13/06/2012. This is a full reprint of the dissertation submitted to attain the academic degree of the Doctor of Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. nat.) and approved by the Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Geosciences of the University of Bayreuth.
    [Show full text]
  • Association of Vitamin D and FGF23 with Serum
    Saki et al. BMC Nephrology (2020) 21:482 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-020-02101-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Association of vitamin D and FGF23 with serum ferritin in hypoparathyroid thalassemia: a case control study Forough Saki, Azita Salehifar, Seyed Reza Kassaee and Gholamhossein Ranjbar Omrani* Abstract Background: FGF23 controls serum l,25(OH)2D3 levels and phosphate homeostasis. This study evaluates the effects of ferritin on intact PTH, FGF23, and l,25(OH)2D3 in patients with major thalassemia. It also evaluates FGF23 changes in patients with hypoparathyroidism to clarify the interaction between FGF23 and PTH in the absence of proper PTH functioning in human. Methods: In this case-control study, 25 major-beta thalassemia patients with hypoparathyroidism were age- and gender-matched with major-beta thalassemia patients having normal parathyroid function. Biochemical studies assessed the serum calcium, albumin, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, PTH, FGF23, 25(OH) D, 1,25(OH)2D3, ferritin, and the fractional excretion of phosphorous. Results: FGF23 was higher in the patients with hypoparathyroidism than the controls (P = 0.002). The fractional excretion of phosphorous was lower in patients with hypoparathyroidism, despite the high level of FGF23 (P = 0.001). There was a correlation between serum 1,25(OH)2D3 and FGF23 with ferritin in the controls (P = < 0.001and P = < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The present study showed a strong positive correlation between serum ferritin and levels of FGF23 and 1,25(OH)2D3. We hypothesized that ferritin could have a stimulatory effect on the production of 1,25(OH)2D3. Moreover, a rise in FGF23 in patients with thalassemia, might be either associated with the stimulating effect of PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3, or directly related to the stimulating effect of ferritin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Multiple Facets of Iron Recycling
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review The Multiple Facets of Iron Recycling Patryk Slusarczyk and Katarzyna Mleczko-Sanecka * Laboratory of Iron Homeostasis, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-22-597-07-76 Abstract: The production of around 2.5 million red blood cells (RBCs) per second in erythropoiesis is one of the most intense activities in the body. It continuously consumes large amounts of iron, approximately 80% of which is recycled from aged erythrocytes. Therefore, similar to the “making”, the “breaking” of red blood cells is also very rapid and represents one of the key processes in mammalian physiology. Under steady-state conditions, this important task is accomplished by specialized macrophages, mostly liver Kupffer cells (KCs) and splenic red pulp macrophages (RPMs). It relies to a large extent on the engulfment of red blood cells via so-called erythrophagocytosis. Surprisingly, we still understand little about the mechanistic details of the removal and processing of red blood cells by these specialized macrophages. We have only started to uncover the signaling pathways that imprint their identity, control their functions and enable their plasticity. Recent findings also identify other myeloid cell types capable of red blood cell removal and establish reciprocal cross-talk between the intensity of erythrophagocytosis and other cellular activities. Here, we aimed to review the multiple and emerging facets of iron recycling to illustrate how this exciting field of study is currently expanding. Keywords: iron homeostasis; hemolysis; heme; hemoglobin; ferroportin; hepcidin Citation: Slusarczyk, P.; Mleczko-Sanecka, K.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Overview of Calcium
    Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D 2 Overview of Calcium INTRODUCTION Calcium as a nutrient is most commonly associated with the formation and metabolism of bone. Over 99 percent of total body calcium is found as calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10[PO4]6[OH]2) in bones and teeth, where it provides hard tissue with its strength. Calcium in the circulatory system, extracellular fluid, muscle, and other tissues is critical for mediating vas- cular contraction and vasodilatation, muscle function, nerve transmission, intracellular signaling, and hormonal secretion. Bone tissue serves as a res- ervoir for and source of calcium for these critical metabolic needs through the process of bone remodeling. Calcium metabolism is regulated in large part by the parathyroid hor- mone (PTH)–vitamin D endocrine system, which is characterized by a series of homeostatic feedback loops. The rapid release of mineral from the bone is essential to maintain adequate levels of ionized calcium in se- rum. During vitamin D deficiency states, bone metabolism is significantly affected as a result of reduced active calcium absorption. This leads to in- creased PTH secretion as the calcium sensing receptor in the parathyroid gland senses changes in circulating ionic calcium. Increased PTH levels induce enzyme activity (1α-hydroxylase) in the kidney, which converts vi- tamin D to its active hormonal form, calcitriol. In turn, calcitriol stimulates enhanced calcium absorption from the gut. Not surprisingly, the interplay between the dynamics of calcium and vitamin D often complicates the interpretation of data relative to calcium requirements, deficiency states, and excess intake. 35 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Models to Assess Food Iron Bioavailability Seth Mensah Armah Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2014 Models to assess food iron bioavailability Seth Mensah Armah Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Human and Clinical Nutrition Commons Recommended Citation Armah, Seth Mensah, "Models to assess food iron bioavailability" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 14085. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14085 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Models to assess food iron bioavailability by Seth Mensah Armah A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Nutritional Sciences (Human Nutrition) Program of Study Committee: Manju Reddy, Co-Major Professor Alicia Carriquiry, Co-Major Professor James Hollis Wendy White Sarah Francis Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2014 Copyright © Seth Mensah Armah, 2014. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Calcium Metabolism and Its Regulation
    OMICS Journals are welcoming Submissions OMICS International welcomes submissions that are original and technically so as to serve both the developing world and developed countries in the best possible way. OMICS Journals are poised in excellence by publishing high quality research. OMICS International follows an Editorial Manager® System peer review process and boasts of a strong and active editorial board. Editors and reviewers are experts in their field and provide anonymous, unbiased and detailed reviews of all submissions. The journal gives the options of multiple language translations for all the articles and all archived articles are available in HTML, XML, PDF and audio formats. Also, all the published articles are archived in repositories and indexing services like DOAJ, CAS, Google Scholar, Scientific Commons, Index Copernicus, EBSCO, HINARI and GALE. For more details please visit our website: http://omicsonline.org/Submitmanuscript.php Dr M Adak Professor of Biochemistry Anna Medical College and Research Center Mauritius Distribution Different Forms of Calcium Most of the calcium in the body exists as the mineral hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Calcium in the plasma: 45% in ionized form (the physiologically active form) 45% bound to proteins (predominantly albumin) 10% complexed with anions (citrate, sulfate, phosphate) Both total calcium and ionized calcium measurements are available in many laboratories Body requirements Age (in years) Calcium Requirement 1 – 3 500mg 4 - 8 800mg 9 - 18 1300mg 19 - 50 1000mg 51+ 1500mg *Pregnant and lactating women are recommended a daily calcium intake of 1000mg. source Calcium is found in milk and dairy products, Green leafy vegetables, seafood, almonds, blackstrap molasses, broccoli, enriched soy and rice milk products, figs, soybeans and tofu.
    [Show full text]
  • Association of Vitamin D and FGF23 with Serum Ferritin in Hypoparathyroid Thalassemia: a Case Control Study
    Association of vitamin D and FGF23 with serum Ferritin in hypoparathyroid thalassemia: A case control study Forough Saki Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Azita Salehifar Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Seyed Reza Kassaee Shiraz University of Medical Sciences gholamhossein Ranjbar omrani ( [email protected] ) Shiraz University of Medical Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2224-7250 Research article Keywords: PTH, FGF23, ferritin, l,25(OH)2D3, hypoparathyroidism, major-beta thalassemia Posted Date: December 2nd, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.17831/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at BMC Nephrology on November 16th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-020-02101-3. Page 1/15 Abstract Background FGF23 controls serum l,25(OH) 2 D 3 levels and phosphate homeostasis. This study evaluates the effects of Ferritin on intact PTH, FGF23 and l,25(OH) 2 D 3 in patients with major thalassemia. It also evaluates FGF23 changes in patients with hypoparathyroidism to clarify the interaction between FGF23 and PTH in the absence of proper PTH function in human. Methods In this case-control study, 25 patients with major-beta thalassemia with hypoparathyroidism and their age- and gender-matched patients with major-beta thalassemia having normal parathyroid function were enrolled. Biochemical studies assessed the serum calcium, albumin phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, PTH, FGF23, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D3, Ferritin and Fractional excretion of phosphorous. Results FGF23 was higher in the patients with hypoparathyroidism compared to the controls (p=0.002).
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Inhibiting Intestinal Calcium Absorption: Hormones and Luminal Factors That Prevent Excessive Calcium Uptake
    The Journal of Physiological Sciences (2019) 69:683–696 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-019-00688-3 REVIEW Factors inhibiting intestinal calcium absorption: hormones and luminal factors that prevent excessive calcium uptake Kannikar Wongdee1,2 · Mayuree Rodrat2,3 · Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit2,4 · Nateetip Krishnamra2,3 · Narattaphol Charoenphandhu2,3,5,6 Received: 4 March 2019 / Accepted: 9 June 2019 / Published online: 20 June 2019 © The Physiological Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Besides the two canonical calciotropic hormones, namely parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3], there are several other endocrine and paracrine factors, such as prolactin, estrogen, and insulin-like growth factor that have been known to directly stimulate intestinal calcium absorption. Generally, to maintain an optimal plasma calcium level, these positive regulators enhance calcium absorption, which is indirectly counterbalanced by a long-loop negative feedback mechanism, i.e., through calcium-sensing receptor in the parathyroid chief cells. However, several lines of recent evidence have revealed the presence of calcium absorption inhibitors present in the intestinal lumen and extracellular fuid in close vicinity to enterocytes, which could also directly compromise calcium absorption. For example, luminal iron, circulating fbroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, and stanniocalcin can decrease calcium absorption, thereby preventing excessive calcium uptake under certain conditions. Interestingly, the intestinal epithelial cells themselves could lower their rate of calcium uptake after exposure to high luminal calcium concentration, suggesting a presence of an ultra-short negative feedback loop independent of systemic hormones. The existence of neural regulation is also plausible but this requires more supporting evidence.
    [Show full text]