A Microstrippatch Antenna Sandwiched Between the Substrate Integrated Waveguide and a Substrate for Dual Frequency Band Applications (Shf and Ehf)

International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology (IJECET) Volume 11, Issue 4, November-December 2020, pp. 1-9. Article ID: IJECET_11_04_001 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJECET?Volume=11&Issue=4 Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.3851 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com ISSN Print: 0976-6464 and ISSN Online: 0976-6472

A MICROSTRIPPATCH ANTENNA SANDWICHED BETWEEN THE SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE AND A SUBSTRATE FOR DUAL FREQUENCY BAND APPLICATIONS (SHF AND EHF)

Rajathashree N. M. and K.P. Gowd Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering (UVCE), Bangalore University Circle, Bangalore -560001, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT Mobile technologies have changed the way we live in the modern-day society and manage many aspects of our daily affairs. The need for the broadband and dual band frequencies has increased to cope up with the ever-increasing latter-day requirements. This paper proposes and discusses the design and the simulation results of a microstrip patch antenna at both Super high frequency and Extremely high frequency using the substrate integrated waveguide and the relation between the frequencies and bandwidth are observed. The radiating element is the rectangular patch antenna fed by aperture coupled feeding technique. Substrate integrated waveguide antennas take the advantages of both classical metallic waveguide, which includes high gain, high power capacity, low cross polarization, and high selectivity, and that of planar antennas which comprises low profile, light weight, low fabrication cost, conformability to planar or bent surfaces, and easy integration with planar circuits. In this paper an attempt is made to design microstrip antenna at these frequencies using SIW methodology and aperture feeding technique. Keywords: Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW), Microstrip antenna, Super high frequency, extremely high frequency, Aperture coupled feed. Cite this Article: Rajathashree N. M and K.P. Gowd, A MicrostripPatch Antenna Sandwiched between the Substrate Integrated Waveguide and a Substrate for Dual Frequency Band Applications (SHF AND EHF), International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 2020, pp. 1-9. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJECET?Volume=11&Issue=4

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJECET 1 [email protected] A MicrostripPatch Antenna Sandwiched between the Substrate Integrated Waveguide and a Substrate for Dual Frequency Band Applications (SHF AND EHF) 1. INTRODUCTION Massive changes in the antenna technologies and the increased use of mobile data are seen in the last decade. This huge increase in the demand of wireless cellular communication led to the shortage of the available bandwidth with the designed finite frequency antennas. These cellular service providers have a limited range of carrier frequency spectrum to deliver multimedia and other applications for wireless systems [1]. And the need for the broadband and dual band frequencies has increased to cope up with the difficulty of the service provider. An improved and efficient wireless technology and wideband range of the spectrum is necessary to meet the needs of wireless carriers. There is an overcrowded situation present in the sub-3 GHz spectrum and on the other side, the 3 – 300 GHz frequency range is said to be under-utilized. The Super High Frequency (SHF) is the 3-30 GHz range and the 30-300 GHz is the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) range [2]. The 5G systems will likely utilize in or near this underutilized spectrum ranging from 30-300 GHz. Because of the range of working is shifted to higher frequencies like Ka, V, Wands. The antennas designed should also have proper radiation characteristics. In this paper an attempt is made to design microstrip antenna at these frequencies using SIW and aperture feeding technique to improve the constraints.

2. ANTENNA CONFIGURATION METHOGOLOGY The proposed antenna consists of a microstrip patch antenna fed by Substrate integrated waveguide using Aperture coupled feeding technique. Figure1 (a) and (b) shows a typical configuration of the SIW, where the metallic side walls of the conventional rectangular waveguide are replaced by two rows of metallic vias. Obviously, it is rather difficult to model this type of complex periodic guided-wave structure. [3]

(a) (b)

Figure 1. (a) Typical SIW configuration, (b) Geometry of substrate integrated waveguide & Upper half region of a typical periodic unit And secondly the design of the Microstrip patch antenna, there are several methods to feed an antenna – Microstrip feed, coaxial feed, proximity coupled feed, aperture coupled feed and so on., here in figure 2 patch antenna is designed with aperture coupled feed is shown. Aperture coupled feed is chosen because no connection made to the antenna element while feeding which implies no radiation from the feed network can interfere with the main

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJECET 2 [email protected] Rajathashree N. M and K.P. Gowd radiation pattern. The RF energy from the microstrip feed network is coupled through a common aperture on the ground plane to one or more conducting patches which is supported by a layered dielectric carrier. The coupling aperture is usually centred under the patch, leading to lower cross-polarization due to symmetry of the configuration. The amount of coupling from the feed line to the patch is determined by the shape, size and location of the aperture.[4]

Figure 2 Designed Structure of aperture coupled patch antenna – Front and back view Now, the substrate integrated waveguide is fed to Microstrip patch antenna by aperture coupled feeding technique [5]. Substrate integrated waveguide needs to be designed for super high frequency and extremely high frequency. Therefore, vias diameter, distance between vias and the substrate is taken for which a/p and p/d causes minimum error (as in the figure1, a is the horizontal distance between vias, p is the vertical distance between vias and d is a diameter of vias). Structure and return loss curve of Substrate Integrated Waveguide is as shown in figure.3.

Figure 3 Designed Structure and return loss curve of Substrate Integrated Waveguide Then, the microstrip patch antenna with Substrate Integrated waveguide which is fed by aperture coupled feeding method is made. The designed substrate integrated waveguide for the super high frequency and extremely high frequency is used with patch antenna fed by aperture coupled technique. Geometry of Aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide to obtain the results at higher frequency is shown in the figure 4. [7]

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJECET 3 [email protected] A MicrostripPatch Antenna Sandwiched between the Substrate Integrated Waveguide and a Substrate for Dual Frequency Band Applications (SHF AND EHF)

Figure 4. Geometry of Aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide In addition to the methodologies mentioned i.e., SIW for higher frequencies, Microstrip patch antenna with aperture coupled feed and Aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide. Figure 5 shows the microstrip patch antenna which is made to operate at extremely high frequency and super high frequency by using the structure has the substrate of permittivity 4.3, placed above the aperture coupled patch antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide. Thereby, sandwiching the patch between substrate integrated waveguide and a layer of substrate. Admittedly, this structure has dual frequency band and the advantage of extending the constraints of patch antenna at extremely high frequency.

Figure 5. Microstrip patch antenna structure sandwiched between SIW and substrate

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As follows the discussion, figure 6. shows the structure and simulated result of substrate integrated waveguide. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) which is placed below the rectangular patch is designed with a substrate Arion AD 1000 having permittivity value of 10.2, the diameter of vias d = 0.75mm, horizontal separation between vias a=7.112mm, vertical separation between vias P= 3mm.

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Figure 6. Structure and simulated result of substrate integrated waveguide The microstrip patch antenna, shown in figure 2 is designed at resonating frequency 1.75GHz using aperture coupled feeding technique and the expected results are found for the aperture length of 18mm, aperture width of 1.8mm, FR-4 which has permittivity value of 4.3 results in a bandwidth of 49.175MHz which can be seen through return loss curve. Radiation pattern and return loss is shown in the figure 7.

Figure 7 Radiation pattern and Return loss of aperture coupled patch antenna The substrate integrated waveguide is fed to Microstrip patch antenna by aperture coupled feeding technique which was discussed with figure 4, is designed to operate at 48.506GHz and has a bandwidth of 1.0688 GHz. The simulation results as shown in figure 8, is obtained with the vias diameter d = 0.632mm, horizontal separation between vias a= 11.92mm, vertical separation between vias P= 1.016mm and substrate is Rogers RT5880 which has epsilon 2.2.

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJECET 5 [email protected] A MicrostripPatch Antenna Sandwiched between the Substrate Integrated Waveguide and a Substrate for Dual Frequency Band Applications (SHF AND EHF)

Figure 8 Structure and S parameter of Aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna fed by Substrate Integrated Waveguide – Front and back view. Calculating patch width and length for extremely high frequencies like 99.306 GHz, 99.283GHz, 98.846 GHz, 98.863 GHz with permittivity of 4.3, using formula method will result in negative value which is impossible to design. Therefore, the methodology of sandwiching patch between substrate integrated waveguide and a substrate will make patch antenna to operate in extremely high frequencies at compact size which is designed in this paper. And the dual operating frequency band make this antenna even more useful for real applications by providing dual bandwidth ranges in super high frequency and in extremely super high frequency. As shown in Figure 5, the microstrip patch antenna structure sandwiched between SIW and substrate, S-parameter values obtained at extremely high frequencies - 99.306 GHz, 99.283GHz, 98.846 GHz, 98.863 GHz and super high frequencies -29.369 GHz, 29.313 GHz, 31.422 GHz, 31.427 GHz are as shown in figures 9 and 10 respectively. Observations reveal that there is relation between both the frequencies. Radiation pattern in Cartesian coordinates is as shown in figure.11.

Figure 9. S parameter at Extremely high frequencies

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Figure 10. S parameter at Super high frequencies It is observed that extremely high frequency will be thrice the frequency of super high frequency with considerable error (+/- 2 to 3Ghz) and the bandwidth of both the frequencies are analysed which are illustrated in the Table 1. It is seen that bandwidth of super high frequency is greater than the bandwidth of Extremely high frequency. Different values of frequency in the table 1 is obtained by varying Patch length and width. Radiation pattern in Cartesian plot is as shown in figure 11 for better appreciation.

Table 1 Frequency and Bandwidth of First and second frequency in GHz First frequency (GHz) Second frequency First bandwidth Second bandwidth (GHz) (GHz) (GHz) 29.369 99.283 5.0708 0.5329 29.313 98.846 4.7545 0.33011 31.422 99.306 6.537 0.52823 31.427 6.6835 98.863 0.304

Figure 11 Radiation pattern in Cartesian plot

4. CONCLUSION In this paper, the aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide for super and extremely high frequencies are designed and simulated. By and large, the method used in the antenna design is different and operating at extremely high frequencies of 99.286 GHz, 98.846 GHz, 99.306 GHz, 98.863 GHz and Super high frequencies of 29.369 GHz, 29.313 GHz, 31.422 GHz, 31.427 GHz are presented. It is opined that at these frequencies other standard methods are not suitable for the design. Hence this method was identified and applied.

http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJECET 7 [email protected] A MicrostripPatch Antenna Sandwiched between the Substrate Integrated Waveguide and a Substrate for Dual Frequency Band Applications (SHF AND EHF) FUTURE SCOPE The attempt made in this research paper to design and simulate a microstrip patch antenna sandwiched between the substrate integrated waveguide and a substrate for dual frequency applications gives hope for improvement for new range of patch antennas to meet the growing demands of future wireless communication. Also, a stepping stone for design and simulation of nano strip patch antennas.

REFERENCES [1] Gupta, P., 2013. Evolvement of mobile generations: 1G to 5G. International Journal for Technological Research in Engineering, 1, pp.152-157. [2] Raviteja, G.Viswanadh. (2019). A Dual-Band Millimeter-Wave Microstrip Antenna Array for 5G Applications. International Journal of Computer Applications. 177. 48-51. 10.5120/ijca2019919599. [3] L. Yan, W. Hong and T.J. Cui are with the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Dept. of Radio Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China K. Wu is with the Ploy-Grams Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique de! Montreal, Montr !eal QC H3V 1A2, Canada. [4] M.Civerolo and D. Arakaki, "Aperture coupled patch antenna design methods," 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), Spokane, WA, 2011, pp. 876-879, doi: 10.1109/APS.2011.5996415. [5] Joaquim Rossello, Ferm´ın Mira, Ana Collado, Apostolos Georgiadis Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya ` Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain. [6] Abdel-Wahab, W. and S. Safavi-Naeini. “Wide-Bandwidth 60-GHz Aperture-Coupled Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) Fed by Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW).” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 10 (2011): 1003-1005. [7] KP Gowd “Nano Strip Antenna Concepts, Properties and Design Considerations for 2050” CiiT International journal of Wireless Communication (Print ISSN 0974-9756 & Online 0974- 9640), Vol 4, No.15, Nov 2012, pp 874-879. [8] D. M. Pozar, "Microstrip antenna aperture-coupled to a microstripline," in Electronics Letters, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 49-50, 17 January 1985, doi: 10.1049/el:19850034. [9] H. Abdelali, R. Bedira, H. Trabelsi and A. Gharsallah, "Paper-based SIW antenna for wireless systems applications," 2017 International Conference on Engineering & MIS (ICEMIS), Monastir, 2017, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ICEMIS.2017.8273050. [10] Mikulasek, T. & Lacik, Jaroslav. (2011). Microstrip patch antenna fed by Substrate Integrated Waveguide. 1209-1212. 10.1109/ICEAA.2011.6046523. [11] H. M. Hizan, I. C. Hunter and A. I. Abunjaileh, "Integrated SIW filter and microstrip antenna," The 40th European Microwave Conference, Paris, 2010, pp. 184-187, doi: 10.23919/EUMC.2010.5616399. [12] J. Huang, "The finite ground plane effect on the microstrip antenna radiation patterns," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 649-653, July 1983, doi: 10.1109/TAP.1983.1143108. [13] X. Chen and K. Wu, "Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filter: Basic Design Rules and Fundamental Structure Features," in IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 108-116, July-Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1109/MMM.2014.2321263. [14] . S. S. Chakravarthy, N. Sarveshwaran, S. Sriharini and M. Shanmugapriya, "Comparative study on different feeding techniques of rectangular patch antenna," 2016 Thirteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN), Hyderabad, 2016, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/WOCN.2016.7759032. [15] C.A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory (Analysis and Design)”, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons

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AUTHORS PROFILE

Rajathashree N.M. is currently pursuing B.E. in Electronics and communication Engineering at University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering (UVCE) , Bangalore University, KR Circle Bangalore 560001. She is keenly interested in Microwave subjects, Antenna Design Technologies, Remote Sensing and Satellite communications.

K.P. Gowd obtained his B.Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering with distinction from S.V.University, Tirupati. He obtained ME with specialization in Microwaves and Radar from IIT, Roorkee and PhD from Aisect University Bhopal. In 1994 he has conducted Stealth Aircraft (RCS Reduction) experiments on microwave absorber coated and uncoated scaled models of aircraft which was first time in India at IIT Roorkee. He has 60 research publications, 06 Technical reports, and one copyright to his credit. He is a Life Member of All India Management Association (AIMA), Aeronautical Society of India and Fellow of IETE. He had authored a book on Stealth Aircraft Technology.

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