DOCSLIB.ORG

The Phonological Changes from Gelgel Dialect to Tampekan Dialect: a Descriptive Qualitative Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES FROM GELGEL DIALECT TO TAMPEKAN DIALECT: A DESCRIPTIVE QUALITATIVE STUDY K. P. Ariantini, I. W. Suarnajaya, I. G. Budasi Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Jalan Jend. A Yani 67 Singaraja 8116, Telp. 0362-21541, Fax. 0362-27561 Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan bahasa dari dialek Gelgel ke dialek Tampekan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskripsi kualitatif. Peneliatian ini mengambil tempat di desa Gelgel, kecamatan Klungkung, kabupaten Klungkung dan di desa Tampekan, kecamatan Banjar, kabupaten Buleleng. Ada tiga informan yang dipilih ditiap desa. Satu orang sebagai informan yang utama, dua orang lainnya sebagai informan yang membantu. Data dianalisis berdasarkan teori tipe perubahan bahasa yang disarankan oleh Crowley (1992), Keraf (1996), and Fruehwald (2013). Data diperoleh berdasarkan daftar kata Swadesh dan daftar kata Nothofer. Hasil dari data analisis menunjukan bahwa ada 8 kata yang mengalami aphaeresis (menghilangnya fonem di depan kata), 10 kata yang mengalami syncope (menghilangnya fonem di tengah kata), 2 kata yang mengalami apocope (menghilangnya fonem diakhir kata), 7 kata yang mengalami haplology (menghilangnya suku kata dalam sebuah kata), 7 kata yang mengalami epenthesis (penambahan fonem di depan kata), 2 kata yang mengalami prosthesis (penambahan ditengah kata), 4 kata yang mengalami paragoge (penambahan fonem di akhir kata), 6 kata yang mengalami assimilation (sebuah fonem yang mengubah fonem lainnya dan terdengan mirip), and 7 kata yang mengalami dissimilation (perubahan fonem yang tidak mirip dari sebelumnya). Kata kunci: fonologi, perubahan bunyi, dialek. ABSTRACT This study aimed at describing the phonological changes from Gelgel dialect to Tampekan dialect. This study is a descriptive qualitative study. It took place in Gelgel village, Klungkung district, Klungkung regency and Tampekan village, Banjar district, Buleleng regency. There were three informants selected in each dialect. One person was appointed as the main informant, and the other two were determined as the supporting informants. The data were analyzed based on the theory of types of phonological changes suggested by Crowley (1992), Keraf (1996), and Fruehwald (2013). The data were collected based on two wordlists, namely: Swadesh and Nothofer’s. The result of data analysis shows that there are 8 words undergoing aphaeresis (loss of the phoneme at the beginning of the word), 10 words undergoing syncope (loss of the phoneme at the middle of word), 2 words undergoing apocope (loss of the phoneme at the final of the word), 7 words undergoing haplology (loss of syllable in the word), 7 words undergoing epenthesis (addition in the middle word position), 2 words undergoing prosthesis (addition in the initial word position), 4 words undergoing paragoge (addition in the final word position), 6 words undergoing assimilation (one phoneme changes another phoneme to be more similar), and 7 words undergoing dissimilation (a sound change to be unlike the sound before it). Keywords: phonology, phonological changes, dialect INTRODUCTION Language is very important for people. of Balinese language which has been Language is used as a tool for influenced by many languages, such as communication. By using language, people Sanskrit and Javanese (Yuhha, 2012). can communicate with each other. Language The Balinese dialects have unique is a communication system, a literary characteristics and interesting to study Gelgel expression tool, and catalyst for nation dialect and Tampekan dialect. Gelgel village building (O’Grady, Dobrovolsky, and is located in Klungkung district, Klungkung Katamba, 1997). Language is required in regency. Meanwhile, Tampekan village is human’s daily life. Without language human located in Banjar district, Buleleng regency. cannot socialize in the community. It’s Gelgel and Tampekan people use Balinese because language help people to express, language as their mother tongue in their daily interact, and communicate their ideas communication. Gelgel and Tampekan (Hornby, 2007). By using language, people dialects which are spoken by people in Gelgel can talk about everything in their community and Tampekan villages are Bali Dataran and express their feelings. In this world, there dialects. This research was conducted in are a lot of languages that are spoken by order to know the dialect from Gelgel village people. In the globalization era, language (East Bali dialect) and dialect from Tampekan may change because of social changes, village (North Bali dialect). Because of the culture, place, and other languages when reason, the researcher was curious to find the attempting about the way how to share the unique dialects in those villages and wanted idea. The language changes may happen in to analyze the differences in the two dialects. terms of phonetics, lexicon, morphology, This research was decided in order to analyze syntax, and semantics (Crowley, 1992). One the dialect in Gelgel village and Tampekan of the obvious changes is in phonetics. village in order to know whether the mixed Languages are different in one community to dialects in that two places that made their another. The differences of languages can be language able to change or not. By this study, seen from the systems of the languages that hopefully the other people could know the are arbitrarily determined by each community meaning of the words that Gelgel and (Seken, 1992). Tampekan people speak based on the proof In Bali, Balinese people have different of the research. dialects, depending on the area where they live. Dialect is a variety of language that comes from a society of users that are living METHOD in one particular area (Chaer & Agustina, 1995). By using dialect, we can guess where This research is a linguistic research in the someone is from which can be seen from the form of descriptive qualitative study. The style of their language. Bawa (1981) states informants of this study are the people from that there are two groups of dialect in Bali, Gelgel and Tampekan villages.In obtaining namely Bali Aga dialect and Bali dataran the data, the researcher used three dialect. Bali Aga or older villages dialect informants.The objects of the study are the includes the regions of Sidatapa, Cempaga, phonological changes from Gelgel dialect to Tigawasa, Pedawa, Tenganan, Bugbug, Tampekan dialect Seraya, Sembiran, Madenan, Nusa Penida, Selulun, Mayong, Bantiran, and Belimbing. The data of this study were collected by Bali dataran dialect includes the dialect using three techniques: observation, interview variations existing in the eight regencies of and recording. Observation technique is a Bali such as Badung, Klungkung, kind of technique which is used to observe Karangasem, Bangli, Gianyar, Jembrana, the language that is used in Gelgel village Buleleng, and Tabanan. According to Yuhha and Tampekan village. Interview technique is (2012), Bali Aga dialect is a dialect that is used to know the names of informants, the used by the origin tribes of Bali. The language age of informants, and the mobility of that they use is different from the languages informants. Meanwhile, recording technique that Balinese villagers commonly use. is a technique which is used to record the Meanwhile, Bali Dataran dialect is the dialect language used spontaneously. In this study, the researcher used some instruments: a. Aphaeresis There are 8 words which undergo a. Researcher aphaeresis from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. The researcher is the main informant in Aphaeresis is a phonemic loss in front of word collecting the data. It is because the researcher position (Crowley, 1992). The example of observed the data regularly in the field. aphaeresis can be seen from the word which b. Digital Recorder means ‘name’ from Gelgel dialect mʌdʌn to The researcher used digital recorder to become ʌdʌn in Tampekan dialect. Phoneme record all of the conversation between the /m/ in the word mʌdʌn which can be categorized researcher and the informants. as aphaeresis is omitted from Gelgel dialect to c. Word lists Tampekan dialect. Word lists were used to identify the types The other example of aphaeresis occurs in of phonological changes from Gelgel dialect the word Irʌgə in Gelgel dialect which becomes to Tampekan dialect. The researcher used rʌgə in Tampekan dialect in which those words two kinds of wordlists namely: Swadesh word have the same meaning “we”. The phoneme /I/ lists and Nothofer word lists. in its front position in the word Irʌgə in Gelgel dialect is loss to become rʌgə in Tampekan The data analyzed descriptive qualitatively dialect. Another example is that the word dIjə in in order to get the result of the investigation. Gelgel dialect which means “where” becomes Ijə According to Miles and Huberman (1994), in Tampekan dialect. There is aphaeresis at the there are four processes in analyzing data. beginning of the word especially, the loss of Those are: phoneme /d/ from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. Next, the word kɛŋkɛn in Gelgel dialect which a.Data collection means ‘how’ becomes ɛŋkɛn in Tampekan dialect. There is aphaeresis at the beginning of The researcher collected the data by using the word especially, the loss of phoneme /k/ mobile recorder and word lists. from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. Another b. Data Reduction example is that the word ŋʊʌb in Gelgel dialect All the data were transcribed by the researcher meaning ‘yawn’ becomes ʊʌb in Tampekan from mobile recorder and then the researcher dialect. There is aphaeresis at the beginning of would categorize the types of phonological the word especially, the loss of phoneme /ŋ/ changes from Gelgel dialect to Tampekan from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. Another dialect based on Crowley (1992), Keraf (1996) example is that the word ənɛ in Gelgel dialect and Fruehwald (2013) theories. which means “this” which becomes nɛ in Tampekan dialect. There is aphaeresis at the c. Data display beginning of the word especially, the loss of Data display is a major activity which display phoneme /ə/ from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. the information.
Recommended publications
  • Chapter One Phonetic Change

    Chapter One Phonetic Change

    CHAPTERONE PHONETICCHANGE The investigation of the nature and the types of changes that affect the sounds of a language is the most highly developed area of the study of language change. The term sound change is used to refer, in the broadest sense, to alterations in the phonetic shape of segments and suprasegmental features that result from the operation of phonological process es. The pho- netic makeup of given morphemes or words or sets of morphemes or words also may undergo change as a by-product of alterations in the grammatical patterns of a language. Sound change is used generally to refer only to those phonetic changes that affect all occurrences of a given sound or class of sounds (like the class of voiceless stops) under specifiable phonetic conditions . It is important to distinguish between the use of the term sound change as it refers tophonetic process es in a historical context , on the one hand, and as it refers to phonetic corre- spondences on the other. By phonetic process es we refer to the replacement of a sound or a sequenceof sounds presenting some articulatory difficulty by another sound or sequence lacking that difficulty . A phonetic correspondence can be said to exist between a sound at one point in the history of a language and the sound that is its direct descendent at any subsequent point in the history of that language. A phonetic correspondence often reflects the results of several phonetic process es that have affected a segment serially . Although phonetic process es are synchronic phenomena, they often have diachronic consequences.
  • Syllable Structure Into Spanish, Italian & Neapolitan

    Syllable Structure Into Spanish, Italian & Neapolitan

    Open syllable drift and the evolution of Classical Latin open and closed syllable structure into Spanish, Italian & Neapolitan John M. Ryan, University of Northern Colorado ([email protected]) Introduction, Purpose, and Method 1. the distribution of open and closed syllables in terms of word position; 2. what factors, both phonological (e.g,, coda deletion, apocope, syncope, Syllable structure is the proverbial skeleton degemination,) and extra-phonological (e.g., raddoppiamento sintattico or template upon which the sounds of a given and other historical morphosyntactic innovations as the emergence of language may combine to make sequences articles), might explain the distribution of the data. and divisions that are licit in that language. 3. whether the data support or weaken the theory of ‘open syllable drift’ Classical Latin (CL) is known to have exhibited proposed by Lausberg (1976) and others to have occurred in late Latin both open and closed syllable structure in word or early Proto Romance. final position, as well as internally. The daughter Figure 1 shows the breakdown of words, syllables and syllable/word ratio languages of Spanish, Italian and Neapolitan, for all four texts of the study: however, have evolved to manifest this dichotomy to differing due to both phonological and extra-phonological realities. Figure 1 Purpose: to conduct a comparative syllabic analysis of The Lord’s Prayer in Classical Latin (CL), modern Spanish, Italian and Neapolitan in order to determine: Data and Discussion 4) Historical processes producing reversal effects on CL open and closed syllable structure 1) Polysyllabic word-final position in The Lord’s Prayer Figure 5 shows five phonological Figure 5 Figure 2 shows that in word-final position, Latin overwhelmingly favors closed processes affecting the evolution of LATIN syllables at 72%, while Spanish only slightly favors open syllables at 55%.
  • Download Article (PDF)

    Download Article (PDF)

    Advances in Engineering Research, volume 192 EduARCHsia & Senvar 2019 International Conference (EduARCHsia 2019) Bali Aga Villages in Kintamani, Inventory of Tangible and Intangible Aspects Ni Made Yudantini Architecture Department Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University Bali, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract— the Indigenous villages in Bali Province is called Sukawana Village. Reuter's research illustrated the rules and Bali Aga, which is interesting to do research in depth to Bali Aga traditions called ulu apad. His research is connected understand the indigenous character of Bali Aga. The Bali Aga to other villages within surrounding the Batur Lake or the villages have their own uniqueness for customs, traditions, Bintang Danu area. Muller’s fieldtrip in 1980s documented 25 culture, and architecture and built environment. These Bali Aga villages in four areas consisting of the center characteristics of the uniqueness in Bali Aga villages are defined mountain, the northern coast of Bali, the center of the southern by the originality of the culture and tradition that are not part of Bali and East Bali. Muller as an anthropologist affected from other culture’s influences. Among eight regencies described her research results through the book that published and one city in Bali Province, Bangli Regency has the highest in 2011 which described the villages were faced on the lack of number of Bali Aga villages, which are about 25 villages. infrastructure, the village’s life depend on dry land causing Kintamani Sub-district is noted to have approximately 19 Bali Aga villages scattered in the foot of Mount Batur, along Lake difficulty in rice production.
  • Download Fulltext

    Download Fulltext

    ICOHS 2017 International Conference of Occupational Health and Safety (ICOHS-2017) Volume 2018 Conference Paper Evaluating Quality of Work Life as Base of Working Condition Improvement Based on Participatory Ergonomic: Case Study on Workers in Small Industry of Gamelan XYZ at Bali, Indonesia Wahyu Susihono1, I. Putu Gede Adiatmika2, I. Made Yoga Parwata3, and I. Wayan Sudiarsa4 1Industrial Engineering Department, Engneering Faculty, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Jalan Raya Jakarta Km 4, Panancangan, Cipocok Jaya, Banjaragung, Panancangan, Cipocok Jaya, Kota Serang, Banten 42124, Indonesia 2Physiology work of Ergonomic, Program study of medical science, University of Udayana, Jl. Raya Kampus UNUD, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Kuta Selatan, Jimbaran, Kuta Sel., Kabupaten Badung, Bali 803611, Indonesia 3Sports and Health Education Faculty, Institute of Teachership and Education of PGRI, Bali, Indonesia Corresponding Author: 4The National Unity Board of Political and Community Protection, Klungkung, Bali, Indonesia Wahyu Susihono [email protected] Abstract Received: 15 May 2018 Small Industry of XYZ Gamelan in Bali Province is a heritage industry. Currently, the Accepted: 3 June 2018 existence of small industry of Gamelan has become serious cause of attention for Published: 19 June 2018 the local government; this makes the gamelan industry one of the interesting tourist Publishing services provided by objects in Bali. The demand of quality of life improvement of worker is a will of all Knowledge E workers, but nevertheless, some cultures, local tradition, and the value of community life are becoming constraint to changing the local character. The objective of this Wahyu Susihono et al. This article is distributed under the research is to evaluate four domain qualities of life as base of initial information of terms of the Creative Commons working condition improvement based on user need (participatory ergonomic).
  • Function Transfer of Agricultural Land to Be Settlements and Tourism in Gianyar District, Bali

    Function Transfer of Agricultural Land to Be Settlements and Tourism in Gianyar District, Bali

    IRIANTO, Sigit. Function Transfer of Agricultural Land to be Settlements and Tourism in Gianyar District, Bali Function Transfer of Agricultural Land to be Settlements and Tourism in Gianyar District, Bali Sigit Irianto Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang, Indonesia, Email: [email protected] Komang Rio Anjana Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang, Indonesia, Email: [email protected] Widyarini Indriasti Wardani Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang, Indonesia, Email: [email protected] Abstract: The conversion of agricultural land is one of the phenomena of the conversion of agricultural land to non- agricultural land. This change is detrimental to the sustainability of agriculture in Gianyar Regency. In the last three years, the area of agricultural land that has changed its function in Gianyar Regency has reached 100 hectares. This happens because the need for land each year continues to increase both for settlement and for tourism and residential accommodation needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors causing the conversion of agricultural land in Gianyar Regency, and the implementation of the conversion of agricultural land for housing development and tourism accommodation that occurred in Gianyar Regency. The approach method used in this research is juridical empirical, descriptive-analytic research specifications, data sources are primary data and secondary data, data collection techniques by conducting interviews and literature study, data analysis methods with qualitative analysis. The factors causing the shift in the function of agricultural land in Gianyar Regency are due to economic factors, lack of farmer subsidies, and the high value of land tax objects that make farmers unable to defend their land, as well as the lack of law enforcement on land use change.
  • Download Article (PDF)

    Download Article (PDF)

    Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 28 1st International Conference on Tourism Gastronomy and Tourist Destination (ICTGTD 2016) SWOT Analysis for Cultural Sustainable Tourism at Denpasar City Case Study: SWOT Analysis in Puri Agung Jro Kuta A.A. Ayu Arun Suwi Arianty DIII Hospitality , International Bali Institute of Tourism Denpasar, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract—Puri Agung Jro Kuta is one cultural tourist Bali is a small island part of Indonesia, an archipelagic destination in Denpasar, Bali which is not yet explored. Denpasar country in Southeast Asia. It has a blend of Balinese Hindu/ as a capital city of Bali is very famous with Sanur Beach, but only Buddhist religion and Balinese custom, which make a rich and a few tourists know about Puri Agung Jro Kuta as a cultural diverse cultures. Bali divided into eight regencies and one city, tourist destination. The aim of this research is to identify the they are Badung Regency, Bangli Regency, Buleleng Regency, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Puri Agung Gianyar Regency, Jembrana Regency, Karangasem Regency, Jro Kuta as a cultural tourist destination in Denpasar. Klungkung Regency, Tabanan Regency, and Denpasar City Furthermore, this research will be used for tourism planning by (Wikipedia Bali.2016). listing the advantages and challenges in the process. In attempt to diagnose the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of The cultural tourism in Bali arise since 1936, where Walter Puri Agung Jro Kuta, in the current status and potential, this Spies, Rudolf Bonnet ( Dutch Painter who came to Bali in research conducted a SWOT analysis on this tourism sector.
  • Glossary of Key Terms

    Glossary of Key Terms

    Glossary of Key Terms accent: a pronunciation variety used by a specific group of people. allophone: different phonetic realizations of a phoneme. allophonic variation: variations in how a phoneme is pronounced which do not create a meaning difference in words. alveolar: a sound produced near or on the alveolar ridge. alveolar ridge: the small bony ridge behind the upper front teeth. approximants: obstruct the air flow so little that they could almost be classed as vowels if they were in a different context (e.g. /w/ or /j/). articulatory organs – (or articulators): are the different parts of the vocal tract that can change the shape of the air flow. articulatory settings or ‘voice quality’: refers to the characteristic or long-term positioning of articulators by individual or groups of speakers of a particular language. aspirated: phonemes involve an auditory plosion (‘puff of air’) where the air can be heard passing through the glottis after the release phase. assimilation: a process where one sound is influenced by the characteristics of an adjacent sound. back vowels: vowels where the back part of the tongue is raised (like ‘two’ and ‘tar’) bilabial: a sound that involves contact between the two lips. breathy voice: voice quality where whisper is combined with voicing. cardinal vowels: a set of phonetic vowels used as reference points which do not relate to any specific language. central vowels: vowels where the central part of the tongue is raised (like ‘fur’ and ‘sun’) centring diphthongs: glide towards /ə/. citation form: the way we say a word on its own. close vowel: where the tongue is raised as close as possible to the roof of the mouth.
  • A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Budasi, IG1, Mahendrayana, G2, Teni

    A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Budasi, IG1, Mahendrayana, G2, Teni

    Jurnal IKA, Vol. 17 No. 2, September 2019 ISSN: 1829-5282 THE COMPARISON OF LEXICAL FEATURES BETWEEN LEMUKIH AND DENCARIK DIALECT: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Budasi, IG1, Mahendrayana, G2, Teni, TL3 1Jurusan Bahasa Asing, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja 2Jurusan Bahasa Asing, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja 3Jurusan Bahasa Asing, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja e-mail: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected] Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan dialek Lemukih dan Dencarik dalam hal variasi fonologis dan leksikal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Dalam penelitian ini, ada 3 informan sebagai sampel dari desa Lemukih dan 3 informan sebagai sampel dari desa Dencarik. Semua informan dipilih berdasarkan seperangkat kriteria. Data yang diperoleh dikumpulkan berdasarkan empat instrumen, yaitu: peneliti, lembar observasi, panduan wawancara, daftar kata (swadesh dan nothofer). Penelitian ini juga menggunakan tiga teknik yaitu: observasi, pencatatan, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, 1) terdapat 9 indikasi variasi fonologis, seperti; aphaeresis, syncope, apocope, prosthesis, epenthesis, paragoge, haplology, disimilasi, asimilasi. Variasi fonologis yang tidak ditemukan: fortifikasi lenition, unpacking, dan metathesis, 2) terdapat 4 indikasi variasi leksikal, seperti; variasi semasiologis, variasi onomasiologis, variasi formal dan variasi kontekstual. Ada 234 leksikon yang persis sama dan ada 112 leksikon yang memiliki kemiripan dari kedua dialek Lemukih dan Dencarik, bisa dijadikan bukti bahwa menyatukan dialek Lemukih dan Dencarik. Dan untuk leksikon yang berbeda ditemukan bahwa ada 322 leksikon yang dapat digolongkan sebagai leksikon yang membedakan kedua dialek Lemukih dan Dencarik. Kata Kunci: fitur leksikal, variasi leksikal, variasi fonologis Abstract This study aimed at analyzing the differences of Lemukih and Dencarik dialect in term of phonological and lexical variation.
  • Apocope in Heritage Italian

    Apocope in Heritage Italian

    languages Article Apocope in Heritage Italian Anissa Baird 1, Angela Cristiano 2 and Naomi Nagy 1,* 1 Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada; [email protected] 2 Department of Classical Philology and Italian Studies, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Apocope (deletion of word-final vowels) and word-final vowel reduction are hallmarks of southern Italian varieties. To investigate whether heritage speakers reproduce the complex variable patterns of these processes, we analyze spontaneous speech of three generations of heritage Calabrian Italian speakers and a homeland comparator sample. All occurrences (N = 2477) from a list of frequent polysyllabic words are extracted from 25 speakers’ interviews and analyzed via mixed effects models. Tested predictors include: vowel identity, phonological context, clausal position, lexical frequency, word length, gender, generation, ethnic orientation and age. Homeland and heritage speakers exhibit similar distributions of full, reduced and deleted forms, but there are inter-generational differences in the constraints governing the variation. Primarily linguistic factors condition the variation. Homeland variation in reduction shows sensitivity to part of speech, while heritage speakers show sensitivity to segmental context and part of speech. Slightly different factors influence apocope, with suprasegmental factors and part of speech significant for homeland speakers, but only part of speech for heritage speakers. Surprisingly, for such a socially marked feature, few social factors are relevant. Factors influencing reduction and apocope are similar, suggesting the processes are related. Citation: Baird, Anissa, Angela Cristiano, and Naomi Nagy. 2021. Keywords: heritage language; apocope; vowel centralization; vowel reduction; variationist sociolin- Apocope in Heritage Italian.
  • Journal of Social and Political Sciences

    Journal of Social and Political Sciences

    Journal of Social and Political Sciences Mahendra, I Made Agus, Paturusi, Syamsul Alam, Dwijendra, Ngakan Ketut Acwin, and Putra, I Dewa Gede Agung. (2019), Elements of the Cultural Space as a Form Identity of Klungkung Urban Area, Bali, Indonesia. In: Journal of Social and Political Sciences, Vol.2, No.2, 475-484. ISSN 2615-3718 DOI: 10.31014/aior.1991.02.02.86 The online version of this article can be found at: https://www.asianinstituteofresearch.org/ Published by: The Asian Institute of Research The Journal of Social and Political Sciences is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied, and distributed free of charge according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. The Asian Institute of Research Social and Political Sciences is a peer-reviewed International Journal. The journal covers scholarly articles in the fields of Social and Political Sciences, which includes, but not limited to, Anthropology, Government Studies, Political Sciences, Sociology, International Relations, Public Administration, History, Philosophy, Arts, Education, Linguistics, and Cultural Studies. As the journal is Open Access, it ensures high visibility and the increase of citations for all research articles published. The Journal of Social and Political Sciences aims to facilitate scholarly work on recent theoretical and practical aspects of Social and Political Sciences. The Asian Institute of Research Journal of Social and Political Sciences Vol.2, No.2, 2019: 475-484 ISSN 2615-3718 Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved DOI: 10.31014/aior.1991.02.02.86 Elements of the Cultural Space as a Form Identity of Klungkung Urban Area, Bali, Indonesia I Made Agus Mahendra1,Syamsul Alam Paturusi2 ,Ngakan Ketut Acwin Dwijendra3, I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra4 1 Student of Doctoral Program Engineering Science, Udayana University, Lecture of Engineering Faculty, Mahendradatta University 2,3,4 Lecture of Doctoral Program Engineering Science, Udayana University Correspondence: I Made Agus Mahendra.
  • The Local Community As a Stakeholder Group and Its Participation in Unesco’S World Heritage Nomination Process: Jatiluwih Village, Bali, Indonesia

    The Local Community As a Stakeholder Group and Its Participation in Unesco’S World Heritage Nomination Process: Jatiluwih Village, Bali, Indonesia

    THE LOCAL COMMUNITY AS A STAKEHOLDER GROUP AND ITS PARTICIPATION IN UNESCO’S WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION PROCESS: JATILUWIH VILLAGE, BALI, INDONESIA Doctor of Philosophy Gde Indra Bhaskara Faculty of Management April 2015 i Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank the Indonesian Directorate General of Higher Education for offering me a scholarship to study in the United Kingdom. My sincere gratitude is extended to all those interviewed for this thesis, whose patience and candour made my research in the field possible. I thank my supervisors, Professor Alan Fyall, Dr. Julie Whitfield and Dr. Mary Beth Gouthro, who have provided expert advice throughout. From the Faculty of Management, warm thanks to Dr. Keith Wilkes, the Dean, and to my friends who have endured the same Ph.D. process (especially Barbara, Greg, Ivana, John, Slava and Stacy). My gratitude is also extended to Dimitrios, Lorraine, Adele, Zory, Martyn, Vicky, Abeer, Andrew, Julia, Maeve, Samrat, Hania and Gaya, Carmen and Rami. I also wish to acknowledge the Rundells (Richard, Rere, Shafal, Kefal and Liv) and Indra Kusumawardhana for being my family during my hard time and for providing me with a stable environment with which to complete my Ph.D. From Ph.D. band mates, a warm thanks to Tauheed and Shuji (Media School), Walter and Rashid (DEC) and Nicolas (Tourism School), keep playing the music guys. From Pure Gym Bournemouth buddies, a warm thanks to Joe, Yoshe, Jeff, Vic, Aidan, Mark, Sunny, Scarlett, Alice, Nikki, Joss and Caitlin for keeping me in a good health. From Bali, I express my appreciation to all of the Udayana University (UNUD) staff and faculty, especially Yayu, and Mananda.
  • Preceding Phonological Context Effects on Palatalization in Brazilian Portuguese/English Interphonology

    Preceding Phonological Context Effects on Palatalization in Brazilian Portuguese/English Interphonology

    Preceding Phonological Context... 63 PRECEDING PHONOLOGICAL CONTEXT EFFECTS ON PALATALIZATION IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE/ENGLISH INTERPHONOLOGY Melissa Bettoni-Techio Rosana Denise Koerich Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Abstract This article reports a study investigating the effects of the preceding context on palatalization of word-final alveolar stops by Brazilian learners of English. Thirty learners with 150 hours of formal instruction in English read a sentence list in the FL including 240 tokens of final alveolar stops in different preceding and following context combinations. The hypothesis investigated was that high vowels and rising diphthongs in the preceding context would cause more palatalization than mid and low vowels due to carryover effects from vowels to the target sound. The hypothesis was supported. A hierarchy of difficulty concerning preceding phonological contexts was established from the results. The combination of preceding and following phonological contexts was also investigated. Keywordsds: palatalization, interphonology, phonological context. Ilha do Desterro Florianópolis nº 55 p. 063-081 jul./dez. 2008 64 Melissa Bettoni-Techio & Rosana Denise Koerich 1. Introduction In general, phonologists and phoneticians agree that a universal principle of sound systems is that sound units are influenced by their adjacent elements, assuming different phonetic values, according to processes such as assimilation, elision, liaison, and epenthesis (Jackson, 1980; Laver, 1994; Wolfram & Johnson, 1982). Bearing in mind the claim that interlanguages undergo the same phonological processes of natural languages (Eckman, 1991), the above statement can be considered to be true for interlanguages as well. In Brazil, research has investigated the change of features of word- final consonants in Brazilian Portuguese (BP)/English interphonology concerning phonological context (e.g., Kluge, 2004).