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Home , Apocope, Haplology, Klungkung Regency, Paragoge

THE PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES FROM GELGEL DIALECT TO TAMPEKAN DIALECT: A DESCRIPTIVE QUALITATIVE STUDY

K. P. Ariantini, I. W. Suarnajaya, I. G. Budasi Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Jalan Jend. A Yani 67 8116, Telp. 0362-21541, Fax. 0362-27561 Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan bahasa dari dialek Gelgel ke dialek Tampekan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskripsi kualitatif. Peneliatian ini mengambil tempat di desa Gelgel, kecamatan Klungkung, kabupaten Klungkung dan di desa Tampekan, kecamatan Banjar, kabupaten Buleleng. Ada tiga informan yang dipilih ditiap desa. Satu orang sebagai informan yang utama, dua orang lainnya sebagai informan yang membantu. Data dianalisis berdasarkan teori tipe perubahan bahasa yang disarankan oleh Crowley (1992), Keraf (1996), and Fruehwald (2013). Data diperoleh berdasarkan daftar kata Swadesh dan daftar kata Nothofer. Hasil dari data analisis menunjukan bahwa ada 8 kata yang mengalami aphaeresis (menghilangnya fonem di depan kata), 10 kata yang mengalami (menghilangnya fonem di tengah kata), 2 kata yang mengalami (menghilangnya fonem diakhir kata), 7 kata yang mengalami (menghilangnya suku kata dalam sebuah kata), 7 kata yang mengalami (penambahan fonem di depan kata), 2 kata yang mengalami prosthesis (penambahan ditengah kata), 4 kata yang mengalami (penambahan fonem di akhir kata), 6 kata yang mengalami (sebuah fonem yang mengubah fonem lainnya dan terdengan mirip), and 7 kata yang mengalami (perubahan fonem yang tidak mirip dari sebelumnya). Kata kunci: fonologi, perubahan bunyi, dialek.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed at describing the phonological changes from Gelgel dialect to Tampekan dialect. This study is a descriptive qualitative study. It took place in Gelgel village, Klungkung district, Klungkung regency and Tampekan village, Banjar district, . There were three informants selected in each dialect. One person was appointed as the main informant, and the other two were determined as the supporting informants. The data were analyzed based on the theory of types of phonological changes suggested by Crowley (1992), Keraf (1996), and Fruehwald (2013). The data were collected based on two wordlists, namely: Swadesh and Nothofer’s. The result of data analysis shows that there are 8 words undergoing aphaeresis (loss of the phoneme at the beginning of the word), 10 words undergoing syncope (loss of the phoneme at the middle of word), 2 words undergoing apocope (loss of the phoneme at the final of the word), 7 words undergoing haplology (loss of in the word), 7 words undergoing epenthesis (addition in the middle word position), 2 words undergoing prosthesis (addition in the initial word position), 4 words undergoing paragoge (addition in the final word position), 6 words undergoing assimilation (one phoneme changes another phoneme to be more similar), and 7 words undergoing dissimilation (a to be unlike the sound before it). Keywords: phonology, phonological changes, dialect

INTRODUCTION

Language is very important for people. of Balinese language which has been Language is used as a tool for influenced by many languages, such as communication. By using language, people Sanskrit and Javanese (Yuhha, 2012). can communicate with each other. Language The Balinese dialects have unique is a communication system, a literary characteristics and interesting to study Gelgel expression tool, and catalyst for nation dialect and Tampekan dialect. Gelgel village building (O’Grady, Dobrovolsky, and is located in Klungkung district, Klungkung Katamba, 1997). Language is required in regency. Meanwhile, Tampekan village is human’s daily life. Without language human located in Banjar district, Buleleng regency. cannot socialize in the community. It’s Gelgel and Tampekan people use Balinese because language help people to express, language as their mother tongue in their daily interact, and communicate their ideas communication. Gelgel and Tampekan (Hornby, 2007). By using language, people dialects which are spoken by people in Gelgel can talk about everything in their community and Tampekan villages are Dataran and express their feelings. In this world, there dialects. This research was conducted in are a lot of languages that are spoken by order to know the dialect from Gelgel village people. In the globalization era, language (East Bali dialect) and dialect from Tampekan may change because of social changes, village (North Bali dialect). Because of the culture, place, and other languages when reason, the researcher was curious to find the attempting about the way how to share the unique dialects in those villages and wanted idea. The language changes may happen in to analyze the differences in the two dialects. terms of phonetics, lexicon, morphology, This research was decided in order to analyze syntax, and semantics (Crowley, 1992). One the dialect in Gelgel village and Tampekan of the obvious changes is in phonetics. village in order to know whether the mixed Languages are different in one community to dialects in that two places that made their another. The differences of languages can be language able to change or not. By this study, seen from the systems of the languages that hopefully the other people could know the are arbitrarily determined by each community meaning of the words that Gelgel and (Seken, 1992). Tampekan people speak based on the proof In Bali, Balinese people have different of the research. dialects, depending on the area where they live. Dialect is a variety of language that comes from a society of users that are living METHOD in one particular area (Chaer & Agustina, 1995). By using dialect, we can guess where This research is a linguistic research in the someone is from which can be seen from the form of descriptive qualitative study. The style of their language. Bawa (1981) states informants of this study are the people from that there are two groups of dialect in Bali, Gelgel and Tampekan villages.In obtaining namely Bali Aga dialect and Bali dataran the data, the researcher used three dialect. Bali Aga or older villages dialect informants.The objects of the study are the includes the regions of Sidatapa, Cempaga, phonological changes from Gelgel dialect to Tigawasa, Pedawa, Tenganan, Bugbug, Tampekan dialect Seraya, Sembiran, Madenan, , Selulun, Mayong, Bantiran, and Belimbing. The data of this study were collected by Bali dataran dialect includes the dialect using three techniques: observation, interview variations existing in the eight regencies of and recording. Observation technique is a Bali such as Badung, Klungkung, kind of technique which is used to observe Karangasem, Bangli, Gianyar, Jembrana, the language that is used in Gelgel village Buleleng, and Tabanan. According to Yuhha and Tampekan village. Interview technique is (2012), Bali Aga dialect is a dialect that is used to know the names of informants, the used by the origin tribes of Bali. The language age of informants, and the mobility of that they use is different from the languages informants. Meanwhile, recording technique that Balinese villagers commonly use. is a technique which is used to record the Meanwhile, Bali Dataran dialect is the dialect language used spontaneously. In this study, the researcher used some instruments: a. Aphaeresis There are 8 words which undergo a. Researcher aphaeresis from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. The researcher is the main informant in Aphaeresis is a phonemic loss in front of word collecting the data. It is because the researcher position (Crowley, 1992). The example of observed the data regularly in the field. aphaeresis can be seen from the word which b. Digital Recorder means ‘name’ from Gelgel dialect mʌdʌn to The researcher used digital recorder to become ʌdʌn in Tampekan dialect. Phoneme record all of the conversation between the /m/ in the word mʌdʌn which can be categorized researcher and the informants. as aphaeresis is omitted from Gelgel dialect to c. Word lists Tampekan dialect. Word lists were used to identify the types The other example of aphaeresis occurs in of phonological changes from Gelgel dialect the word Irʌgə in Gelgel dialect which becomes to Tampekan dialect. The researcher used rʌgə in Tampekan dialect in which those words two kinds of wordlists namely: Swadesh word have the same meaning “we”. The phoneme /I/ lists and Nothofer word lists. in its front position in the word Irʌgə in Gelgel dialect is loss to become rʌgə in Tampekan The data analyzed descriptive qualitatively dialect. Another example is that the word dIjə in in order to get the result of the investigation. Gelgel dialect which means “where” becomes Ijə According to Miles and Huberman (1994), in Tampekan dialect. There is aphaeresis at the there are four processes in analyzing data. beginning of the word especially, the loss of Those are: phoneme /d/ from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. Next, the word kɛŋkɛn in Gelgel dialect which a.Data collection means ‘how’ becomes ɛŋkɛn in Tampekan dialect. There is aphaeresis at the beginning of The researcher collected the data by using the word especially, the loss of phoneme /k/ mobile recorder and word lists. from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. Another b. Data Reduction example is that the word ŋʊʌb in Gelgel dialect All the data were transcribed by the researcher meaning ‘yawn’ becomes ʊʌb in Tampekan from mobile recorder and then the researcher dialect. There is aphaeresis at the beginning of would categorize the types of phonological the word especially, the loss of phoneme /ŋ/ changes from Gelgel dialect to Tampekan from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. Another dialect based on Crowley (1992), Keraf (1996) example is that the word ənɛ in Gelgel dialect and Fruehwald (2013) theories. which means “this” which becomes nɛ in Tampekan dialect. There is aphaeresis at the c. Data display beginning of the word especially, the loss of Data display is a major activity which display phoneme /ə/ from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. the information. The data were displayed in Next, the word ʌnʌk məlI in Gelgel dialect which the form of written data and table. means ‘buyer’ becomes nʌk məlI in Tampekan dialect. There is aphaeresis at the beginning of d. Conclusion drawing the word especially, the loss of phoneme /ʌ/ The researcher made a conclusion to answer from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. The last the problem of the study. The data were example is that the word ʌkəjəp in Gelgel dialect verified by relating the finding with the which means ‘awhile’ becomes kəjəp in literature review. Tampekan dialect. There is aphaeresis at the beginning of the word especially, the loss of FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION phoneme /ʌ/ from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. The Types of Phonological Changes from Gelgel Dialect to Tampekan Dialect b. Syncope There are 9 types of phonological changes Based on the data analysis, there are 10 that occur from Gelgel dialect to Tampekan words which undergo syncope. These words are dialect, namely: aphaeresis, syncope, apocope, categorized as syncope because of the haplology, epenthesis, , paragoge, phonemic loss in the middle of word position assimilation, and dissimilation. (Crowley, 1992). The example of syncope can be seen from jəlɛʔ in Gelgel dialect becomes jəlɛ in the word which means ‘husband’ from Gelgel Tampekan dialect. There is apocope at the end dialect kʊrənʌn to become kʊrnʌn in Tampekan of the word especially, the loss of phoneme /ʔ/ dialect. Phoneme /ə/ in the middle of word from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect.There are 2 kʊrənʌn is lost to become kʊrnʌn in Tampekan words that undergo apocope. Apocope refers to dialect. Second example is that the word Iyə in the phoneme which losses in its final position Gelgel dialect which means ‘he/she’ becomes Iə (Crowley, 1992). in Tampekan dialect. There is the loss of phoneme /y/ in its middle position. Another d. Haplology example is that the word bʌtIs in Gelgel dialect There are 7 words which belong to which means ‘foot’ becomes bʌIs in Tampekan haplology from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. dialect. There is syncope at the middle of the Haplology is the loss of entire syllable of the word especially, the loss of phoneme /t/ from word (Crowley, 1992). The word kəkʌwə in Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. Gelgel dialect which means ‘spider’ becomes Next, the word bəlI in Gelgel dialect kʌwə in Tampekan dialect. The syllable /kə/ is meaning ‘brother’ becomes blI in Tampekan omitted from Gelgel dialect to Tampekan dialect. There is syncope at the middle of the dialect. The second word which undergo word especially, the loss of phoneme /ə/ from haplology is ləlIpI in Gelgel dialect becomes lIpI Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. Another example in Tampekan dialect. ləlIpI and lIpI have the of syncope occurs in the word məkurənʌn in same meaning “snake”. The syllable /lə/ in ləlIpI Gelgel dialect meaning ‘to get married’ is omitted. The third example is that the word becomes məkurnʌn in Tampekan dialect. The ŋəmʌlIŋ in Gelgel dialect which means “steal” phoneme /ə/ in its middle of position in the word becomes mʌlIŋ in Tampekan dialect. There is məkurənʌn is lost. Next, the word cəʔcəʔ in haplology at the beginning of the word because Gelgel dialect which means ‘lizard’ becomes the syllable /ŋə/ is omitted from Gelgel to cəcəʔ in Tampekan dialect. There is syncope at Tampekan dialect. The fourth word is kətImʊn the middle of the word especially, the loss of in Gelgel dialect which means “cucumber” phoneme /ʔ/ from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. becomes tImʊn in Tampekan dialect. The The word sIʔsIʔ in Gelgel dialect meaning process of omitting the syllable /kə/ occurs from ‘scale’ becomes sIsIʔ in Tampekan dialect. Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. The fifth word is There is syncope at the middle of the word mədʌyʊŋ in Gelgel dialect becomes “dʌyʊŋ” in especially, the loss of phoneme /ʔ/ from Gelgel Tampekan dialect. Those words have the same to Tampekan dialect. The word pətəŋnɛ in meaning “oar”. The process of haplology is Gelgel dialect meaning ‘evening’ becomes when the syllable /kə/ is omitted from Gelgel to pətəŋɛ in Tampekan dialect. There is syncope Tampekan dialect. The sixth word is ñʌmbəhʌŋ at the middle of the word especially, the loss of in Gelgel dialect meaning “scatter” becomes phoneme /n/ from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. ñʌmbəh in Tampekan dialect. Syllable /ʌn/ in Next, the word mʌkəlʌr in Gelgel dialect which the word ñʌmbəhʌŋ which can be categorized means ‘midleman’ becomes mʌklʌr in as haplology is omitted from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. There is syncope at the Tampekan dialect. The last is mətʌʌgʌn in middle of the word especially, the loss of Gelgel dialect which means “belch” becomes phoneme /ə/ from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. mətʌʌg in Tampekan dialect. There is The last word which undergoes syncope can be haplology because the syllable /ʌn/ is omitted seen from the word sʌruŋ in Gelgel dialect from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. which means ‘case’ to become sʌuŋ in Tampekan dialect. There is syncope at the e. Epenthesis middle of the word, especially the loss of There are 7 words which undergo phoneme /r/ from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. epenthesis from Gelgel dialect to Tampekan dialect. Epenthesis is a vowel is added in the middle of a word to break up two consonant in c. Apocope a clusters (Crowley, 1992). The first one is The first word which undergoes apocope is word mʌŋkIʌn in Gelgel dialect which means bIbIʔ in Gelgel dialect which means “aunt” to ‘breathe’ to become mʌŋkIhʌn in Tampekan become bIbI in Tampekan dialect. There is dialect. Epenthesis occurs because the apocope at the end of the word especially, the phoneme /h/ is added in the middle of the word loss of phoneme /ʔ/ from Gelgel to Tampekan from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. The second dialect. The second example is that the word word is ʊsuʌn in Gelgel dialect which means Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. The word tundʊ in “centre direction of hair of head” becomes Gelgel dialect becomes tundʊn in Tampekan ʊsuhʌn in Tampekan dialect. Epenthesis dialect. tundʊ in Gelgel dialect and tundʊn in occurs when the phoneme /h/ added in the Tampekan dialect have the same meaning middle of the word from Gelgel to Tampekan “back” in English. There is paragoge at the end dialect. The third word is pʌŋʌl in Gelgel dialect of the word especially, the adding of phoneme becomes pʌŋgʌl in Tampekan dialect. pʌŋʌl /n/ from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect; the word and pʌŋgʌl have the same meaning “molar” in mɪndɔ in Gelgel dialect which means English. Epenthesis occurs when phoneme /g/ “grandchild from grandfather” becomes mɪndɔn is added in the middle from Gelgel to in Tampekan dialect. Paragoge occurs when Tampekan dialect. The fourth is cI məkəjʌŋ in the phoneme /n/ is added in the end of the Gelgel dialect which means “all of you” to word from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. Next, become cʌI məkəjʌŋ in Tampekan dialect. the word pʌnʌʔ pʌlIŋ cənIk in Gelgel dialect Epenthesis occurs when the phoneme /ʌ/ is which means “youngest daughter/son” added in the middle word of cI in Gelgel dialect becomes pʌnʌʔ pʌlIŋ cənIkə in Tampekan to become cʌI in Tampekan dialect. The fifth is dialect. Paragoge occurs when the phoneme biŋin in Gelgel dialect becomes bʌiŋin in /ə/ is added in the end of the word from Gelgel Tampekan dialect. biŋin in Gelgel dialect and to Tampekan dialect. bʌiŋin in Tampekan dialect have the same The last is mɛmɛ in in Gelgel dialect which meaning “banyan” in English. There is means “mother” becomes mɛmɛʔ in Tampekan epenthesis because the phoneme /ʌ/ is added dialect. Paragoge occurs because the in the middle from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. phoneme /ʔ/ is added in the end of the word The sixth word is the word slʌɛ in Gelgel dialect from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. which means “twenty five” becomes səlʌɛ in Tampekan d the phoneme /ə/ is added in the h. Assimilation middle word of slʌɛ in Gelgel dialect. The last There are 6 words which undergo one is that the word ɛnɛp ialect. There is assimilation from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. epenthesis because which means “short” in These words are categorized as assimilation Gelgel dialect becomes ɛndɛp in Tampekan because one phoneme changes another dialect. There is epenthesis because the phoneme to be more similar to each other in phoneme /d/ is added in the middle of the word some way (Keraf, 1996). There are words that from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. mean ‘thorns’, ‘the day after tomorrow’, ‘pound’, ‘blow’, ‘tasteless’, and ‘flow’ in Balinese f. Prothesis language from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect There are 2 words which undergo prothesis respectively undergo assimilation. The first from Gelgel dialect to Tampekan dialect. word is tʊI in Gelgel dialect which means ‘thorn’ Prothesis is an addition of a phoneme at the becomes dʊI in Tampekan dialect. There is beginning of the word (Crowley, 1992). The assimilation because it can be seen the change examples of prosthesis are word rʌgə in Gelgel of phoneme /t/ becomes /d/. It is equated dialect which means “we” becomes Irʌgə in identically with the phoneme that influences it. Tampekan dialect, the phoneme /I/ is added at The second is the word bIn pɔʌn in Gelgel the beginning of the word from Gelgel to dialect which means ‘the day after tomorrow’ Tampekan dialect; the word ʌti in Gelgel dialect becomes bIn puʌn in Tampekan dialect. which means “liver” becomes hʌti in Tampekan Assimilation occurs when the change of dialect, the phoneme /h/ is added at the phoneme /ɔ/ in word pɔʌn to become /u/ in beginning of the word from Gelgel to Tampekan word puʌn. It is equated identically with the dialect. phoneme that influences it. The third is the word ŋIncʊʔ in Gelgel dialect which means g. Paragoge ‘pound’ to become ŋIntʊʔ in Tampekan dialect. There are 4 words that undergo paragoge Assimilation occurs when the change of from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. Paragoge is phoneme /h/ becomes /t/. The word ŋɔpIn in a process addition of a phoneme at the final of Gelgel dialect which means ‘blow’ becomes the word (Crowley, 1992). There are 4 words ŋʊpIn in Tampekan dialect. Assimilation occurs which mean ‘back’, ‘grandchild from when the change of phoneme /ɔ/ becomes /u/. grandfather’, ‘youngest daughter/son’, and Next, the word ñəm in Gelgel dialect which ‘mother’ respectively undergo paragoge from means ‘tasteless’ becomes ñəb in Tampekan dialect. Assimilation occurs when the change of DISCUSSION phoneme /m/ becomes /b/. The last example is that the word məmbʌh in Gelgel dialect which This study is about the phonological means ‘flow’ becomes ŋəmbʌh in Tampekan changes from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect, dialect. Assimilation occurs because the especially about identifying the types of change of phoneme /m/ becomes /ŋ/. phonological changes from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. The researcher used i. Dissimilation wordlists to collect the data in Gelgel village There are 7 words which undergo and Tampekan village to get the data in those dissimilation. These words are categorized as villages. The researcher used two kinds of dissimilation because this process is the wordlists namely: Swadesh wordlist and opposite of assimilation which means a sound Nothofer wordlist. Based on the finding in this turns out to be unlike the sound near it (Keraf, study, there are 200 words collected by using 1996). These changes are the processes of Swadesh wordlist and 462 words collected by dissimilation from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. using Nothofer wordlist. The total numbers of The word jʌən in Gelgel dialect which means the data collected are 662 words in Swadesh ‘delicious’ becomes jʌʌn in Tampekan dialect. wordlist and Nothofer wordlist. Dissimilation occurs because the change of The researcher used the theory of Crowley phoneme /ə/ becomes /ʌ/. It is substitute from (1992), Keraf (1996), and Fruehwald (2013) to Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. The word ŋʌsgʌs identify the phonological changes from Gelgel sIrʌh in Gelgel dialect which means ‘scratching to Tampekan dialect. There are some head’ becomes ŋɛsgɛs sIrʌh in Tampekan categories in terms of phonological changes dialect. Dissimilation occurs because the based on theories of Crowley (1992), Keraf change of phoneme /ʌ/ becomes /ɛ/. (1996), and Fruehwald (2013), namely The last one, the word ikuh in Gelgel dialect and (aphaeresis, syncope, apocope, which means ‘tail’ becomes ikut in Tampekan and ), addition (excrescence, dialect. Dissimilation occurs because the epenthesis,prosthesis, paragoge), methathesis, change of phoneme /h/ becomes /t/. It is , , , assimilation, substitute from Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. It is dissimilation, hapology, and complex sound substitute from Gelgel dialect to Tampekan change. dialect. The word ʌləŋkʌt in Gelgel dialect From 662 words from Swadesh wordlist and which means ‘a length between thumb edge’ Nothofer wordlist, there are its words which becomes ʌlʌŋkʌt in Tampekan dialect. belong to 8 words which belong to aphaeresis Dissimilation occurs because the change of (loss of the phoneme in the beginning of the phoneme /ə/ becomes /ʌ/. It is substitute from word), 10 words which belong to syncope (loss Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. The word nʊʊtʌŋ of the phoneme in the middle of word), 2 words in Gelgel dialect which means ‘imitating’ which belong to apocope (loss of the phoneme becomes nʊʊtin in Tampekan dialect. in the final of the word), 7 words which belong Dissimilation occurs when the change of to haplology (loss of syllable in the word), 7 phoneme /ʌ/ becomes /i/. It was substitute from words which belong to epenthesis (addition in Gelgel to Tampekan dialect. The word pəək in the middle word position), 2 words which Gelgel dialect which means ‘near’ becomes belong to prosthesis (addition in the initial word pʌʌk in Tampekan dialect. Dissimilation occurs position), 4 words which belong to paragoge because the change of phoneme /ə/ becomes (addition in the final word position), 4 words /ʌ/. It is substitute from Gelgel to Tampekan which belong to assimilation (one phoneme dialect. The word ŋənjəʔ in Gelgel dialect changes another phoneme to be more similar), meaning ‘stepping on’ becomes ŋInjəʔ in and 9 words which belong to dissimilation (a Tampekan dialect. Dissimilation occurs sound change to be unlike the sound near it). because the change of phoneme /ə/ becomes From the theories of Crowley (1992), Keraf /I/. It is because in word “ŋənjəʔ” there are 2 (1996), and Fruehwald (2013), types of phonemes [ə], then the first [ə] differentiated or phonological changes which the most appear is dissimilated became [I] thus becoming “ŋInjəʔ”. from Crowley’s theory. [ə] is allophone of phoneme /ə/ and [I] is Then, the researcher also tried to connect allophone of phoneme /I/. Then this change is the finding of this study with the findings of called phonemic dissimilation. empirical reviews related to the study. Actually, there was a study about phonological and lexical changes from Lemukih to Galungan SUGGESTION dialect (Kurniawan, 2017). His study found 31 Revering to the conclusion, the following words which contained 9 words that belong to suggestion could be purpose in the end of this aphaeresis or deletion of the phoneme in the research, namely: middle of the word, 11 words belong to a. This research is expected to solve as a syncope or deletion of the phoneme in the reference for other researchers who conduct middle of the word, 3 words belong to apocope similar studies which are about the or deletion of the phoneme in the final of the phonological changes, and the other word, and that, there were 8 words identified as researchers are suggested to explore deeply haplology from Lemukih to Galungan dialect. about a phenomenon related to phonological Comparing with this study, the result of the changes especially on Balinese language. studies was different. Kurniawan’s study did not b. This research only gives the evidence in find the phonological changes about terms of phonological aspects. It is very assimilation and dissimilation from Lemukih to expected that further researches will expand Galungan dialect. Besides, the research area this study in terms of linguistics. was different in which Gelgel village is located in Klungkung district, Klungkung regency and Tampekan village is located in Banjar district, REFERENCES Buleleng regency. Instead, the study conducted by Kurniawan (2017) was in Lemukih and Aitchison, J. 2001. Language change: progress Galungan village, Sawan district, Buleleng or decay? Cambridge: Cambridge regency. The similarity is the theory used by University Press the researcher was same with Kurniawan’s study, namely Crowley’s theory of phonological Bawa, I. 19831. Bahasa Bali di daaerah changes. But, Kurniawan’s study didn’t use provinsi Bali. Sebuah Analysis Geografi theory from Keraf (1996) and Fruehwald dialect. Jakarta: Universitas . (2013). Bramawan, K. 2017. An Analysis of the

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